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resistivity method</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: electrical resistivity method"> <meta name="keywords" content="electrical resistivity method"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="electrical resistivity method"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 20456</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: electrical resistivity method</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20366</span> Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Gd Doped ZnO Thin Films Prepared by a Sol-Gel Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20AL-Shomar">S. M. AL-Shomar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20B.%20Ibrahim"> N. B. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahrim%20Hj.%20Ahmad"> Sahrim Hj. Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ZnO thin films with various Gd doping concentration (0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 mol/L) have been synthesized by sol–gel method on quartz substrates at annealing temperature of 600 ºC. X-ray analysis reveals that ZnO(Gd) films have hexagonal wurtzite structure. No peaks that correspond to Gd metal clusters or gadolinium acetylacetonate are detected in the patterns. The position of the main peak (101) shifts to higher angles after doping. The surface morphologies studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed that the grain size and the films thickness reduced gradually with the increment of Gd concentration. The roughness of ZnO film investigated by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the films are smooth and high dense grain. The roughness of doped films decreased from 6.05 to 4.84 rms with the increment of dopant concentration.The optical measurements using a UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy showed that the Gd doped ZnO thin films have high transmittance (above 80%) in the visible range and the optical band gap increase with doping concentration from 3.13 to 3.39 eV. The doped films show low electrical resistivity 2.6 × 10-3Ω.cm.at high doping concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gd%20doped%20ZnO" title="Gd doped ZnO">Gd doped ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric" title=" electric"> electric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optics" title=" optics"> optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43667/structural-optical-and-electrical-properties-of-gd-doped-zno-thin-films-prepared-by-a-sol-gel-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20365</span> Integrated Geotechnical and Geophysical Investigation of a Proposed Construction Site at Mowe, Southwestern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kayode%20Festus%20Oyedele">Kayode Festus Oyedele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunday%20Oladele"> Sunday Oladele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adaora%20Chibundu%20Nduka"> Adaora Chibundu Nduka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subsurface of a proposed site for building development in Mowe, Nigeria, using Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) supplemented with Horizontal Electrical Profiling (HEP) was investigated with the aim of evaluating the suitability of the strata for foundation materials. Four SPT and CPT were implemented using 10 tonnes hammer. HEP utilizing Wenner array were performed with inter-electrode spacing of 10 – 60 m along four traverses coincident with each of the SPT and CPT. The HEP data were processed using DIPRO software and textural filtering of the resulting resistivity sections was implemented to enable delineation of hidden layers. Sandy lateritic clay, silty lateritic clay, clay, clayey sand and sand horizons were delineated. The SPT “N” value defined very soft to soft sandy lateritic (<4), stiff silty lateritic clay (7 – 12), very stiff silty clay (12 - 15), clayey sand (15- 20) and sand (27 – 37). Sandy lateritic clay (5-40 kg/cm2) and silty lateritic clay (25 - 65 kg/cm2) were defined from the CPT response. Sandy lateritic clay (220-750 Ωm), clay (< 50 Ωm) and sand (415-5359 Ωm) were delineated from the resistivity sections with two thin layers of silty lateritic clay and clayey sand defined in the texturally filtered resistivity sections. This study concluded that the presence of incompetent thick clayey materials (18 m) beneath the study area makes it unsuitable for shallow foundation. Deep foundation involving piling through the clayey layers to the competent sand at 20 m depth was recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20penetrometer" title="cone penetrometer">cone penetrometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundation" title=" foundation"> foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithologic%20texture" title=" lithologic texture"> lithologic texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity%20section" title=" resistivity section"> resistivity section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20penetration%20test" title=" standard penetration test"> standard penetration test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55897/integrated-geotechnical-and-geophysical-investigation-of-a-proposed-construction-site-at-mowe-southwestern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20364</span> Properties of Hot-Pressed Alumina-Graphene Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Rutkowski">P. Rutkowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20G%C3%B3rny"> G. Górny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Stobierski"> L. Stobierski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Zientara"> D. Zientara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Piekarczyk"> W. Piekarczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Tran"> K. Tran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The polycrystalline dense alumina shows thermal conductivity about 30 W/mK and very high electrical resistivity. These last two properties can be modified by introducing commercial relatively cheap graphene nanoparticles which, as two-dimensional flakes show very high thermal and electrical properties. The aim of this work is to show that it is possible to manufacture the anisotropic alumina-graphene material with directed multilayer graphene particles. Such materials can show the anisotropic properties mentioned before. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina" title="alumina">alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-pressed" title=" hot-pressed"> hot-pressed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title=" properties"> properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40596/properties-of-hot-pressed-alumina-graphene-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20363</span> Microstructural and Transport Properties of La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 Thin Films Obtained by Metal-Organic Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Daoudi">K. Daoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Othmen"> Z. Othmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20El%20Helali"> S. El Helali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Oueslati"> M.Oueslati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Oumezzine"> M. Oumezzine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 thin films have been epitaxially grown on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 (001) single-crystal substrates by metal organic deposition process. The structural and micro structural properties of the obtained films have been investigated by means of high resolution X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission microscopy observations on cross-sections techniques. We noted a close dependence of the crystallinity on the used substrate and the film thickness. By increasing the annealing temperature to 1000ºC and the film thickness to 100 nm, the electrical resistivity was decreased by several orders of magnitude. The film resistivity reaches approximately 3~4 x10-4 Ω.cm in a wide interval of temperature 77-320 K, making this material a promising candidate for a variety of applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobaltite" title="cobaltite">cobaltite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epitaxial%20growth" title=" epitaxial growth"> epitaxial growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOD" title=" MOD"> MOD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEM" title=" TEM"> TEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17368/microstructural-and-transport-properties-of-la07sr03coo3-thin-films-obtained-by-metal-organic-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20362</span> Preparation and Characterization of Transparent and Conductive SnO2 Thin Films by Spray Pyrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Jelev">V. Jelev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Petkov"> P. Petkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Shindov"> P. Shindov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thin films of undoped and As-doped tin oxide (As:SnO2) were obtained on silicon and glass substrates at 450°- 480°C by spray pyrolysis technique. Tin chloride (SnCl4.5H2O) and As oxide (3As2O5.5H2O) were used as a source for Sn and As respectively. The As2O5 concentration was varied from 0 to 10 mol% in the starting water-alcoholic solution. The characterization of the films was provided with XRD, CEM, AFM and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The influence of the synthesis parameters (the temperature of the substrate, solution concentration, gas and solution flow rates, deposition time, nozzle-to substrate distance) on the optical, electrical and structural properties of the films was investigated. The substrate temperature influences on the surface topography, structure and resistivity of the films. Films grown at low temperatures (<300°C) are amorphous whereas this deposited at higher temperatures have certain degree of polycrystallinity. Thin oxide films deposited at 450°C are generally polycrystalline with tetragonal rutile structure. The resistivity decreases with dopant concentration. The minimum resistivity was achieved at dopant concentration about 2.5 mol% As2O5 in the solution. The transmittance greater than 80% and resistivity smaller than 7.5.10-4Ω.cm were achieved in the films deposited at 480°C. The As doped films (SnO2: As) deposited on silicon substrates was used for preparation of a large area position sensitive photodetector (PSD), acting on the base of a lateral photovoltaic effect. The position characteristic of PSD is symmetric to the zero and linear in the 80% of the active area. The SnO2 films are extremely stable under typical environmental conditions and extremely resistant to chemical etching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxide%20film" title="metal oxide film">metal oxide film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SnO2%20film" title=" SnO2 film"> SnO2 film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=position%20sensitive%20photodetectors%20%28PSD%29" title=" position sensitive photodetectors (PSD)"> position sensitive photodetectors (PSD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20photovoltaic%20effect" title=" lateral photovoltaic effect"> lateral photovoltaic effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44966/preparation-and-characterization-of-transparent-and-conductive-sno2-thin-films-by-spray-pyrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20361</span> Geostatistical Models to Correct Salinity of Soils from Landsat Satellite Sensor: Application to the Oran Region, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dehni%20Abdellatif">Dehni Abdellatif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lounis%20Mourad"> Lounis Mourad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The new approach of applied spatial geostatistics in materials sciences, agriculture accuracy, agricultural statistics, permitted an apprehension of managing and monitoring the water and groundwater qualities in a relationship with salt-affected soil. The anterior experiences concerning data acquisition, spatial-preparation studies on optical and multispectral data has facilitated the integration of correction models of electrical conductivity related with soils temperature (horizons of soils). For tomography apprehension, this physical parameter has been extracted from calibration of the thermal band (LANDSAT ETM+6) with a radiometric correction. Our study area is Oran region (Northern West of Algeria). Different spectral indices are determined such as salinity and sodicity index, the Combined Spectral Reflectance Index (CSRI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), emissivity, Albedo, and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). The approach of geostatistical modeling of electrical conductivity (salinity), appears to be a useful decision support system for estimating corrected electrical resistivity related to the temperature of surface soils, according to the conversion models by substitution, the reference temperature at 25°C (where hydrochemical data are collected with this constraint). The Brightness temperatures extracted from satellite reflectance (LANDSAT ETM+) are used in consistency models to estimate electrical resistivity. The confusions that arise from the effects of salt stress and water stress removed followed by seasonal application of the geostatistical analysis in Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques investigation and monitoring the variation of the electrical conductivity in the alluvial aquifer of Es-Sénia for the salt-affected soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geostatistical%20modelling" title="geostatistical modelling">geostatistical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landsat" title=" landsat"> landsat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brightness%20temperature" title=" brightness temperature"> brightness temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductivity" title=" conductivity"> conductivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24098/geostatistical-models-to-correct-salinity-of-soils-from-landsat-satellite-sensor-application-to-the-oran-region-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20360</span> Effect of Surface-Modification of Indium Tin Oxide Particles on Their Electrical Conductivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Kobayashi">Y. Kobayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Kurosaka"> T. Kurosaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Yamamura"> K. Yamamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Yonezawa"> T. Yonezawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Yamasaki"> K. Yamasaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work reports an effect of surface- modification of indium tin oxide (ITO) particles with chemicals on their electronic conductivity properties. Examined chemicals were polyvinyl alcohol (nonionic polymer), poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (cationic polymer), poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate) (anionic polymer), (2-aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane (APMS) (silane coupling agent with amino group), and (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxy silane (MPS) (silane coupling agent with thiol group). For all the examined chemicals, volume resistivities of surface-modified ITO particles did not increase much when they were aged in air at 80 <sup>o</sup>C, compared to a volume resistivity of un-surface-modified ITO particles. Increases in volume resistivities of ITO particles surface-modified with the silane coupling agents were smaller than those with the polymers, since hydrolysis of the silane coupling agents and condensation of generated silanol and OH groups on ITO particles took place to provide efficient immobilization of them on particles. The APMS gave an increase in volume resistivity smaller than the MPS, since a larger solubility in water of APMS providing a larger amount of APMS immobilized on particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indium%20tin%20oxide" title="indium tin oxide">indium tin oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particles" title=" particles"> particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface-modification" title=" surface-modification"> surface-modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20resistivity" title=" volume resistivity"> volume resistivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49172/effect-of-surface-modification-of-indium-tin-oxide-particles-on-their-electrical-conductivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20359</span> Geophysical and Laboratory Evaluation of Aquifer Position, Aquifer Protective Capacity and Groundwater Quality in Selected Dumpsites in Calabar Municipal Local Government Area, South Eastern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egor%20Atan%20Obeten">Egor Atan Obeten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abong%20Augustine%20Agwul"> Abong Augustine Agwul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bissong%20A.%20Samson"> Bissong A. Samson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The position of the aquifer, its protective capability, and the quality of the groundwater beneath the dumpsite were all investigated. The techniques employed were laboratory, tritium tagging, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and vertical electrical sounding (VES). With a maximum electrode spacing of 500 meters, fifteen VES stations were used, and IPI2win software was used to analyze the data collected. The resistivity map of the dumpsite was determined by deploying six ERT stations for the 2 D survey. To ascertain the degree of soil infiltration beneath the dumpsite, the tritium tagging method was used. Using a conventional laboratory procedure, groundwater samples were taken from neighboring boreholes and examined. The findings showed that there were three to five geoelectric layers, with the aquifer position being inferred to be between 24.2 and 75.1 meters deep in the third, fourth, and fifth levels. Siemens with values in the range of 0.0235 to 0.1908 for the load protection capacity were deemed to be, at most, weakly and badly protected. The obtained porosity values ranged from 44.45 to 89.75. Strong calculated values for transmissivity and porosity indicate a permeable aquifer system with considerable storativity. The area has an infiltration value between 8 and 22 percent, according to the results of the tritium tagging technique, which was used to evaluate the level of infiltration from the dumpsite. Groundwater samples that have been analyzed reveal levels of NO2, DO, Pb2+, magnesium, and cadmium that are higher than what the NSDWQ has approved. Overall analysis of the results from the above-described methodologies shows that the study area's aquifer system is porous and that contaminants will circulate through it quickly if they are contaminated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquifer" title="aquifer">aquifer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmissivity" title=" transmissivity"> transmissivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dumpsite" title=" dumpsite"> dumpsite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185311/geophysical-and-laboratory-evaluation-of-aquifer-position-aquifer-protective-capacity-and-groundwater-quality-in-selected-dumpsites-in-calabar-municipal-local-government-area-south-eastern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20358</span> Integration of Resistivity and Seismic Refraction Using Combine Inversion for Ancient River Findings at Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rais%20Yusoh">Rais Yusoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosli%20Saad"> Rosli Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Saidin"> Mokhtar Saidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fauzi%20Andika"> Fauzi Andika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabiu%20Bala%20Muhammad"> Sabiu Bala Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Resistivity and seismic refraction profiling have become a common method in pre-investigations for visualizing subsurface structure. The integration of the methods could reduce an interpretation ambiguity. Both methods have their individual software packages for data inversion, but potential to combine certain geophysical methods are restricted; however, the research algorithms that have this functionality was existed and are evaluated personally. The interpretation of subsurface were improve by combining inversion data from both methods by influence each other models using closure coupling; thus, by implementing both methods to support each other which could improve the subsurface interpretation. These methods were applied on a field dataset from a pre-investigation for archeology in finding the ancient river. There were no major changes in the inverted model by combining data inversion for this archetype which probably due to complex geology. The combine data analysis provides an additional technique for interpretation such as an alluvium, which can have strong influence on the ancient river findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20river" title="ancient river">ancient river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combine%20inversion" title=" combine inversion"> combine inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20refraction" title=" seismic refraction"> seismic refraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70821/integration-of-resistivity-and-seismic-refraction-using-combine-inversion-for-ancient-river-findings-at-sungai-batu-lembah-bujang-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20357</span> Integrated ERT and Magnetic Surveys in a Mineralization Zone in Erkowit, Red Sea State, Sudan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Kheiralla">K. M. Kheiralla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ali"> M. A. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Abdelgalil"> M. Y. Abdelgalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20E.%20Mohamed"> N. E. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Boutsis"> G. Boutsis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study focus on integrated geophysical surveys carried out in the mineralization zone in Erkowit region, Eastern Sudan to determine the extensions of the potential ore deposits on the topographically high hilly area and under the cover of alluvium along the nearby wadi and to locate other occurrences if any. The magnetic method (MAG) and the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were employed for the survey. Eleven traverses were aligned approximately at right angles to the general strike of the rock formations. The disseminated sulfides are located on the alteration shear zone which is composed of granitic and dioritic highly ferruginated rock occupying the southwestern and central parts of the area, this was confirmed using thin and polished sections mineralogical analysis. The magnetic data indicates low magnetic values for wadi sedimentary deposits in its southern part of the area, and high anomalies which are suspected as gossans due to magnetite formed during wall rock alteration consequent to mineralization. The significant ERT images define low resistivity zone as traced as sheared zones which may associated with the main loci of ore deposition. The study designates that correlation of magnetic and ERT anomalies with lithology are extremely useful in mineral exploration due to variations in some specific physical properties of rocks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERT" title="ERT">ERT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic" title=" magnetic"> magnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization" title=" mineralization"> mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Red%20Sea" title=" Red Sea"> Red Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudan" title=" Sudan"> Sudan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22458/integrated-ert-and-magnetic-surveys-in-a-mineralization-zone-in-erkowit-red-sea-state-sudan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20356</span> Designing of Nano-materials for Waste Heat Conversion into Electrical Energy Thermoelectric generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiqar%20Hussain%20Shah">Wiqar Hussain Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electrical and thermal properties of the doped Tellurium Telluride (Tl10Te6) chalcogenide nano-particles are mainly characterized by a competition between metallic (hole doped concentration) and semi-conducting state. We have studied the effects of Sn doping on the electrical and thermoelectric properties of Tl10-xSnxTe6 (1.00 ≤x≤ 2.00), nano-particles, prepared by solid state reactions in sealed silica tubes and ball milling method. Structurally, all these compounds were found to be phase pure as confirmed by the x-rays diffractometery (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Additionally crystal structure data were used to model the data and support the findings. The particles size was calculated from the XRD data by Scherrer’s formula. The EDS was used for an elemental analysis of the sample and declares the percentage of elements present in the system. The thermo-power or Seebeck co-efficient (S) was measured for all these compounds which show that S increases with increasing temperature from 295 to 550 K. The Seebeck coefficient is positive for the whole temperature range, showing p-type semiconductor characteristics. The electrical conductivity was investigated by four probe resistivity techniques revealed that the electrical conductivity decreases with increasing temperature, and also simultaneously with increasing Sn concentration. While for Seebeck coefficient the trend is opposite which is increases with increasing temperature. These increasing behavior of Seebeck coefficient leads to high power factor which are increases with increasing temperature and Sn concentration except For Tl8Sn2Te6 because of lowest electrical conductivity but its power factor increases well with increasing temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sn%20doping%20in%20Tellurium%20Telluride%20nano-materials" title="Sn doping in Tellurium Telluride nano-materials">Sn doping in Tellurium Telluride nano-materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20holes%20competition" title=" electron holes competition"> electron holes competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seebeck%20co-efficient" title=" Seebeck co-efficient"> Seebeck co-efficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects%20of%20Sn%20doping%20on%20Electrical%20conductivity" title=" effects of Sn doping on Electrical conductivity"> effects of Sn doping on Electrical conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects%20on%20Power%20factor" title=" effects on Power factor"> effects on Power factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163685/designing-of-nano-materials-for-waste-heat-conversion-into-electrical-energy-thermoelectric-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20355</span> PM Electrical Machines Diagnostic: Methods Selected</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bara%C5%84ski">M. Barański</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a several diagnostic methods designed to electrical machines especially for permanent magnets (PM) machines. Those machines are commonly used in small wind and water systems and vehicles drives. Those methods are preferred by the author in periodic diagnostic of electrical machines. The special attention should be paid to diagnostic method of turn-to-turn insulation and vibrations. Both of those methods were created in Institute of Electrical Drives and Machines Komel. The vibration diagnostic method is the main thesis of author’s doctoral dissertation. This is method of determination the technical condition of PM electrical machine basing on its own signals is the subject of patent application No P.405669. Specific structural properties of machines excited by permanent magnets are used in this method - electromotive force (EMF) generated due to vibrations. There was analysed number of publications which describe vibration diagnostic methods and tests of electrical machines with permanent magnets and there was no method found to determine the technical condition of such machine basing on their own signals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20vehicle" title="electrical vehicle">electrical vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generator" title=" generator"> generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=main%20insulation" title=" main insulation"> main insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20magnet" title=" permanent magnet"> permanent magnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermography" title=" thermography"> thermography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turn-to-traction%20drive" title=" turn-to-traction drive"> turn-to-traction drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turn%20insulation" title=" turn insulation"> turn insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrations" title=" vibrations"> vibrations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7343/pm-electrical-machines-diagnostic-methods-selected" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20354</span> Statistical Description of Counterpoise Effective Length Based on Regressive Formulas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petar%20Sarajcev">Petar Sarajcev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josip%20Vasilj"> Josip Vasilj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damir%20Jakus"> Damir Jakus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a novel statistical description of the counterpoise effective length due to lightning surges, where the (impulse) effective length had been obtained by means of regressive formulas applied to the transient simulation results. The effective length is described in terms of a statistical distribution function, from which median, mean, variance, and other parameters of interest could be readily obtained. The influence of lightning current amplitude, lightning front duration, and soil resistivity on the effective length has been accounted for, assuming statistical nature of these parameters. A method for determining the optimal counterpoise length, in terms of the statistical impulse effective length, is also presented. It is based on estimating the number of dangerous events associated with lightning strikes. Proposed statistical description and the associated method provide valuable information which could aid the design engineer in optimising physical lengths of counterpoises in different grounding arrangements and soil resistivity situations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counterpoise" title="counterpoise">counterpoise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounding%20conductor" title=" grounding conductor"> grounding conductor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20length" title=" effective length"> effective length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightning" title=" lightning"> lightning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20method" title=" Monte Carlo method"> Monte Carlo method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20distribution" title=" statistical distribution"> statistical distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16716/statistical-description-of-counterpoise-effective-length-based-on-regressive-formulas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20353</span> Subsurface Exploration for Soil Geotechnical Properties and its Implications for Infrastructure Design and Construction in Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunday%20Oladele">Sunday Oladele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Oluwagbeja%20Simeon"> Joseph Oluwagbeja Simeon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Subsurface exploration, integrating methods of geotechnics and geophysics, of a planned construction site in the coastal city of Lagos, Nigeria has been carried out with the aim of characterizing the soil properties and their implication for the proposed infrastructural development. Six Standard Penetration Tests (SPT), fourteen Dutch Cone Penetrometer Tests (DCPT) and 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging employing Dipole-dipole and Pole-dipole arrays were implemented on the site. The topsoil (0 - 4m) consists of highly compacted sandy lateritic clay(10 to 5595Ωm) to 1.25m in some parts and dense sand in other parts to 5.50m depth. This topsoil was characterized as a material of very high shear strength (≤ 150kg/m2) and allowable bearing pressure value of 54kN/m2 to 85kN/m2 and a safety factor of 2.5. Soft amorphous peat/peaty clay (0.1 to 11.4Ωm), 3-6m thick, underlays the lateritic clay to about 18m depth. Grey, medium dense to very dense sand (0.37 to 2387Ωm) with occasional gravels underlies the peaty clay down to 30m depth. Within this layer, the freshwater bearing zones are characterized by high resistivity response (83 to 2387Ωm), while the clayey sand/saline water intruded sand produced subdued resistivity output (0.37 to 40Ωm). The overall ground-bearing pressure for the proposed structure would be 225kN/m2. Bored/cast-in-place pile at 18.00m depth with any of these diameters and respective safe working loads 600mm/1,140KN, 800mm/2,010KN and 1000mm/3,150KN is recommended for the proposed multi-story structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface%20exploration" title="subsurface exploration">subsurface exploration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geotechnical%20properties" title=" Geotechnical properties"> Geotechnical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity%20imaging" title=" resistivity imaging"> resistivity imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile" title=" pile"> pile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165770/subsurface-exploration-for-soil-geotechnical-properties-and-its-implications-for-infrastructure-design-and-construction-in-victoria-island-lagos-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20352</span> Investigation of Internal Gettering at Low Temperatures of Metallic Elements in HEM Wafers mc-Si for Photovoltaic Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelghani%20Boucheham">Abdelghani Boucheham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djoudi%20Bouhafs"> Djoudi Bouhafs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Khelifati"> Nabil Khelifati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baya%20Palahouane"> Baya Palahouane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this study is to investigate the low temperature internal gettering of manganese and chromium transition metals content in p-type multicrystalline silicon grown by Heat Exchanger Method (HEM). The minority carrier lifetime variation, the transition metal elements behavior, the sheet resistivity and the interstitial oxygen concentration after different temperatures annealing under N2 ambient were investigated using quasi-steady state photoconductance technique (QSSPC), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), four-probe measurement and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), respectively. The obtained results indicate in the temperature range of 300°C to 700°C that the effective lifetime increases and reaches its maximum values of 28 μs at 500 °C and decreasing to 6 μs at 700 °C. This amelioration is due probably to metallic impurities internal gettering in the extended defects and in the oxygen precipitates as observed on SIMS profiles and the FTIR spectra. From 300 °C to 500 °C the sheet resistivity values rest unchanged at 30 Ohm/sq and rises significantly to reach 45 Ohm/sq for T> 500 °C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mc-Si" title="mc-Si">mc-Si</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20temperature%20annealing" title=" low temperature annealing"> low temperature annealing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20gettering" title=" internal gettering"> internal gettering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minority%20carrier%20lifetime" title=" minority carrier lifetime"> minority carrier lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interstitial%20oxygen" title=" interstitial oxygen"> interstitial oxygen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1593/investigation-of-internal-gettering-at-low-temperatures-of-metallic-elements-in-hem-wafers-mc-si-for-photovoltaic-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20351</span> Determination of Temperature Dependent Characteristic Material Properties of Commercial Thermoelectric Modules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Koyuncu">Ahmet Koyuncu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Berkan%20Erdogmus"> Abdullah Berkan Erdogmus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orkun%20Dogu"> Orkun Dogu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sinan%20Uygur"> Sinan Uygur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermoelectric modules are integrated to electronic components to keep their temperature in specific values in electronic cooling applications. They can be used in different ambient temperatures. The cold side temperatures of thermoelectric modules depend on their hot side temperatures, operation currents, and heat loads. Performance curves of thermoelectric modules are given at most two different hot surface temperatures in product catalogs. Characteristic properties are required to select appropriate thermoelectric modules in thermal design phase of projects. Generally, manufacturers do not provide characteristic material property values of thermoelectric modules to customers for confidentiality. Common commercial software applied like ANSYS ICEPAK, FloEFD, etc., include thermoelectric modules in their libraries. Therefore, they can be easily used to predict the effect of thermoelectric usage in thermal design. Some software requires only the performance values in different temperatures. However, others like ICEPAK require three temperature-dependent equations for material properties (Seebeck coefficient (α), electrical resistivity (β), and thermal conductivity (γ)). Since the number and the variety of thermoelectric modules are limited in this software, definitions of characteristic material properties of thermoelectric modules could be required. In this manuscript, the method of derivation of characteristic material properties from the datasheet of thermoelectric modules is presented. Material characteristics were estimated from two different performance curves by experimentally and numerically in this study. Numerical calculations are accomplished in ICEPAK by using a thermoelectric module exists in the ICEPAK library. A new experimental setup was established to perform experimental study. Because of similar results of numerical and experimental studies, it can be said that proposed equations are approved. This approximation can be suggested for the analysis includes different type or brand of TEC modules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistivity" title="electrical resistivity">electrical resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20characteristics" title=" material characteristics"> material characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelectric%20coolers" title=" thermoelectric coolers"> thermoelectric coolers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seebeck%20coefficient" title=" seebeck coefficient"> seebeck coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147420/determination-of-temperature-dependent-characteristic-material-properties-of-commercial-thermoelectric-modules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20350</span> The Analysis of Own Signals of PM Electrical Machines – Example of Eccentricity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Baranski">Marcin Baranski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents a vibration diagnostic method designed for permanent magnets (PM) traction motors. Those machines are commonly used in traction drives of electrical vehicles. Specific structural properties of machines excited by permanent magnets are used in this method - electromotive force (EMF) generated due to vibrations. This work presents: field-circuit model, results of static tests, results of calculations and simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20vehicle" title="electrical vehicle">electrical vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20magnet" title=" permanent magnet"> permanent magnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traction%20drive" title=" traction drive"> traction drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrations" title=" vibrations"> vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20machine" title=" electrical machine"> electrical machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentricity" title=" eccentricity"> eccentricity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29703/the-analysis-of-own-signals-of-pm-electrical-machines-example-of-eccentricity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">628</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20349</span> Monitoring Soil Moisture Dynamic in Root Zone System of Argania spinosa Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ainlhout">F. Ainlhout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Boutaleb"> S. Boutaleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20C.%20Diaz-Barradas"> M. C. Diaz-Barradas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zunzunegui"> M. Zunzunegui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Argania spinosa is an endemic tree of the southwest of Morocco, occupying 828,000 Ha, distributed mainly between Mediterranean vegetation and the desert. This tree can grow in extremely arid regions in Morocco, where annual rainfall ranges between 100-300 mm where no other tree species can live. It has been designated as a UNESCO Biosphere reserve since 1998. Argania tree is of great importance in human and animal feeding of rural population as well as for oil production, it is considered as a multi-usage tree. Admine forest located in the suburbs of Agadir city, 5 km inland, was selected to conduct this work. The aim of the study was to investigate the temporal variation in root-zone moisture dynamic in response to variation in climatic conditions and vegetation water uptake, using a geophysical technique called Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI). This technique discriminates resistive woody roots, dry and moisture soil. Time-dependent measurements (from April till July) of resistivity sections were performed along the surface transect (94 m Length) at 2 m fixed electrode spacing. Transect included eight Argan trees. The interactions between the tree and soil moisture were estimated by following the tree water status variations accompanying the soil moisture deficit. For that purpose we measured midday leaf water potential and relative water content during each sampling day, and for the eight trees. The first results showed that ERI can be used to accurately quantify the spatiotemporal distribution of root-zone moisture content and woody root. The section obtained shows three different layers: middle conductive one (moistured); a moderately resistive layer corresponding to relatively dry soil (calcareous formation with intercalation of marly strata) on top, this layer is interspersed by very resistant layer corresponding to woody roots. Below the conductive layer, we find the moderately resistive layer. We note that throughout the experiment, there was a continuous decrease in soil moisture at the different layers. With the ERI, we can clearly estimate the depth of the woody roots, which does not exceed 4 meters. In previous work on the same species, analyzing the δ18O in water of xylem and in the range of possible water sources, we argued that rain is the main water source in winter and spring, but not in summer, trees are not exploiting deep water from the aquifer as the popular assessment, instead of this they are using soil water at few meter depth. The results of the present work confirm the idea that the roots of Argania spinosa are not growing very deep. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Argania%20spinosa" title="Argania spinosa">Argania spinosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistivity%20imaging" title=" electrical resistivity imaging"> electrical resistivity imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20system" title=" root system"> root system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20moisture" title=" soil moisture"> soil moisture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19701/monitoring-soil-moisture-dynamic-in-root-zone-system-of-argania-spinosa-using-electrical-resistivity-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20348</span> Magnetoresistance Transition from Negative to Positive in Functionalization of Carbon Nanotube and Composite with Polyaniline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Prasad%20Maity">Krishna Prasad Maity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narendra%20Tanty"> Narendra Tanty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ananya%20Patra"> Ananya Patra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Prasad"> V. Prasad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a well-known material for very good electrical, thermal conductivity and high tensile strength. Because of that, it’s widely used in many fields like nanotechnology, electronics, optics, etc. In last two decades, polyaniline (PANI) with CNT and functionalized CNT (fCNT) have been promising materials in application of gas sensing, electromagnetic shielding, electrode of capacitor etc. So, the study of electrical conductivity of PANI/CNT and PANI/fCNT is important to understand the charge transport and interaction between PANI and CNT in the composite. It is observed that a transition in magnetoresistance (MR) with lowering temperature, increasing magnetic field and decreasing CNT percentage in CNT/PANI composite. Functionalization of CNT prevent the nanotube aggregation, improves interfacial interaction, dispersion and stabilized in polymer matrix. However, it shortens the length, breaks C-C sp² bonds and enhances the disorder creating defects on the side walls. We have studied electrical resistivity and MR in PANI with CNT and fCNT composites for different weight percentages down to the temperature 4.2K and up to magnetic field 5T. Resistivity increases significantly in composite at low temperature due to functionalization of CNT compared to only CNT. Interestingly a transition from negative to positive magnetoresistance has been observed when the filler is changed from pure CNT to functionalized CNT after a certain percentage (10wt%) as the effect of more disorder in fCNT/PANI composite. The transition of MR has been explained on the basis of polaron-bipolaron model. The long-range Coulomb interaction between two polarons screened by disorder in the composite of fCNT/PANI, increases the effective on-site Coulomb repulsion energy to form bipolaron which leads to change the sign of MR from negative to positive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coulomb%20interaction" title="coulomb interaction">coulomb interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetoresistance%20transition" title=" magnetoresistance transition"> magnetoresistance transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyaniline%20composite" title=" polyaniline composite"> polyaniline composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polaron-bipolaron" title=" polaron-bipolaron"> polaron-bipolaron</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98940/magnetoresistance-transition-from-negative-to-positive-in-functionalization-of-carbon-nanotube-and-composite-with-polyaniline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20347</span> Effect of Soil Resistivity on the Development of a Cathodic Protection System Using Zinc Anode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinedu%20F.%20Anochie">Chinedu F. Anochie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deterioration of materials as a result of their interaction with the environment has been a huge challenge to engineering. Many steps have been taking to tackle corrosion and its effects on harmful effects on engineering materials and structures. Corrosion inhibition, coating, passivation, materials selection, and cathodic protection are some of the methods utilized to curtail the rate at which materials corrode. The use of sacrificial anodes (magnesium, aluminum, or zinc) to protect the metal of interest is a widespread technique used to prevent corrosion in underground structures, ship hauls, and other structures susceptible to corrosion attack. However, certain factors, like resistivity, affect the performance of sacrificial anodes. To establish the effect of soil resistivity on the effectiveness of a cathodic protection system, a mild steel specimen was cathodically protected around Workshop 2 area, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria. Design calculations showed that one zinc anode was sufficient to protect the pipe. The specimen (mild steel pipe) was coated with white and black polykene tapes and was subsequently buried in a high resistivity soil. The pipe-to-soil potential measurements were obtained using a digital fluke multimeter. The protection potential obtained on installation was higher than the minimum protection criteria. However, the potential results obtained over a fourteen-day intervals continually decreased to a value significantly lower than the minimum protection criteria. This showed that the sacrificial anode (zinc) was rendered ineffective by the high resistivity of the area of installation. It has been shown that the resistivity of the soil has a marked effect on the feasibility of cathodic protection systems. This work justified that zinc anode cannot be used for cathodic protection around Workshop 2 area, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, because of the high resistivity of the area. An experimental data which explains the effectiveness of galvanic anode cathodic protection system on corrosion control of a small steel structure, exposed to a soil of high resistivity has been established. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathodic%20protection" title="cathodic protection">cathodic protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe" title=" pipe"> pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sacrificial%20anode" title=" sacrificial anode"> sacrificial anode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126882/effect-of-soil-resistivity-on-the-development-of-a-cathodic-protection-system-using-zinc-anode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20346</span> An Adjoint-Based Method to Compute Derivatives with Respect to Bed Boundary Positions in Resistivity Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Shahriari">Mostafa Shahriari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theophile%20Chaumont-Frelet"> Theophile Chaumont-Frelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Pardo"> David Pardo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Resistivity measurements are used to characterize the Earth’s subsurface. They are categorized into two different groups: (a) those acquired on the Earth’s surface, for instance, controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) and Magnetotellurics (MT), and (b) those recorded with borehole logging instruments such as Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) devices. LWD instruments are mostly used for geo-steering purposes, i.e., to adjust dip and azimuthal angles of a well trajectory to drill along a particular geological target. Modern LWD tools measure all nine components of the magnetic field corresponding to three orthogonal transmitter and receiver orientations. In order to map the Earth’s subsurface and perform geo-steering, we invert measurements using a gradient-based method that utilizes the derivatives of the recorded measurements with respect to the inversion variables. For resistivity measurements, these inversion variables are usually the constant resistivity value of each layer and the bed boundary positions. It is well-known how to compute derivatives with respect to the constant resistivity value of each layer using semi-analytic or numerical methods. However, similar formulas for computing the derivatives with respect to bed boundary positions are unavailable. The main contribution of this work is to provide an adjoint-based formulation for computing derivatives with respect to the bed boundary positions. The key idea to obtain the aforementioned adjoint state formulations for the derivatives is to separate the tangential and normal components of the field and treat them differently. This formulation allows us to compute the derivatives faster and more accurately than with traditional finite differences approximations. In the presentation, we shall first derive a formula for computing the derivatives with respect to the bed boundary positions for the potential equation. Then, we shall extend our formulation to 3D Maxwell’s equations. Finally, by considering a 1D domain and reducing the dimensionality of the problem, which is a common practice in the inversion of resistivity measurements, we shall derive a formulation to compute the derivatives of the measurements with respect to the bed boundary positions using a 1.5D variational formulation. Then, we shall illustrate the accuracy and convergence properties of our formulations by comparing numerical results with the analytical derivatives for the potential equation. For the 1.5D Maxwell’s system, we shall compare our numerical results based on the proposed adjoint-based formulation vs those obtained with a traditional finite difference approach. Numerical results shall show that our proposed adjoint-based technique produces enhanced accuracy solutions while its cost is negligible, as opposed to the finite difference approach that requires the solution of one additional problem per derivative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20problem" title="inverse problem">inverse problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bed%20boundary%20positions" title=" bed boundary positions"> bed boundary positions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetism" title=" electromagnetism"> electromagnetism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20equation" title=" potential equation"> potential equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83952/an-adjoint-based-method-to-compute-derivatives-with-respect-to-bed-boundary-positions-in-resistivity-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20345</span> Microstructure and Excess Conductivity of Bulk, Ag-Added FeSe Superconductors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Koblischka">Michael Koblischka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassine%20Slimani"> Yassine Slimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20%20Karwoth"> Thomas Karwoth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjela%20Koblischka-Veneva"> Anjela Koblischka-Veneva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essia%20%20Hannachi"> Essia Hannachi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On bulk FeSe superconductors containing different additions of Ag, a thorough investigation of the microstructures was performed using optical microscopy, SEM and TEM. The electrical resistivity was measured using four-point measurements in the temperature range 2 K ≤ T ≤ 150 K. The data obtained are analyzed in the framework of the excess conductivity approach using the Aslamazov-Larkin (AL) model. The investigated samples comprised of five distinct fluctuation regimes, namely short-wave (SWF), onedimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D), and critical (CR) fluctuation regimes. The coherence length along the c-axis at zero-temperature (ξc(0)), the lower and upper critical magnetic fields (Bc1 and Bc2), the critical current density (Jc) and numerous other superconducting parameters were estimated with respect to the Ag content in the samples. The data reveal a reduction of the resistivity and a strong decrease of ξc(0) when doping the 11-samples with silver. The optimum content of the Ag-addition is found at 4 wt.-% Ag, yielding the highest critical current density. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron-based%20superconductors" title="iron-based superconductors">iron-based superconductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FeSe" title=" FeSe"> FeSe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ag-addition" title=" Ag-addition"> Ag-addition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excess%20conductivity" title=" excess conductivity"> excess conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120148/microstructure-and-excess-conductivity-of-bulk-ag-added-fese-superconductors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20344</span> Decoration of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by CdS Nanoparticles Using Magnetron Sputtering Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Ghorannevis">Z. Ghorannevis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Akbarnejad"> E. Akbarnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Aghazadeh"> B. Aghazadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ghoranneviss"> M. Ghoranneviss</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified with semiconductor nanocrystalline particles may find wide applications due to their unique properties. Here Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were successfully grown on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs) via a magnetron sputtering method for the first time. The CdS/MWNTs sample was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopies (SEM/TEM) and four point probe. The obtained images show clearly the decoration of the MWNTs by the CdS nanoparticles, and the XRD measurements indicate the CdS structure as hexagonal type. Moreover, the physical properties of the CdS/MWNTs were compared with the physical properties of the CdS nanoparticles grown on the silicon. Electrical measurements of CdS and CdS/MWNTs reveal that CdS/MWNTs has lower resistivity than the CdS sample which may be due to the higher carrier concentrations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CdS" title="CdS">CdS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MWNTs" title=" MWNTs"> MWNTs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRTEM" title=" HRTEM"> HRTEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetron%20sputtering" title=" magnetron sputtering"> magnetron sputtering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39232/decoration-of-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-by-cds-nanoparticles-using-magnetron-sputtering-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20343</span> Compensation of Bulk Charge Carriers in Bismuth Based Topological Insulators via Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Yadav">Jyoti Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rini%20Singh"> Rini Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anoop%20%20M.D"> Anoop M.D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisha%20%20Yadav"> Nisha Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Srinivasa%20Rao"> N. Srinivasa Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouran%20%20Singh"> Fouran Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takayuki%20Ichikawa"> Takayuki Ichikawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankur%20Jain"> Ankur Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamlendra%20Awasthi"> Kamlendra Awasthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20%20Kumar"> Manoj Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanocrystalline films exhibit defects and strain induced by its grain boundaries. Defects and strain affect the physical as well as topological insulating properties of the Bi2Te3 thin films by changing their electronic structure. In the present studies, the effect of Ni7+ ion irradiation on the physical and electrical properties of Bi2Te3 thin films was studied. The films were irradiated at five different fluences (5x1011, 1x1012, 3x1012, 5x1012, 1x1013 ions/cm2). Thin films synthesized using the e-beam technique possess a rhombohedral crystal structure with the R-3m space group. The average crystallite size, as determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD) peak broadening, was found to be 18.5 ± 5 (nm). It was also observed that irradiation increases the induced strain. Raman Spectra of the films demonstrate the splitting of A_1u^1 modes originating from the vibrations along the c-axis. This is by the variation in the lattice parameter ‘c,’ as observed through XRD. The atomic force microscopy study indicates the decrease in surface roughness up to the fluence of 3x1012 ions/cm2 and further increasing the fluence increases the roughness. The decrease in roughness may be due to the growth of smaller nano-crystallites on the surface of thin films due to irradiation-induced annealing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal the composition to be in close agreement to the nominal values i.e. Bi2Te3. The resistivity v/s temperature measurements revealed an increase in resistivity up to the fluence 3x1012 ions/cm2 and a decrease on further increasing the fluence. The variation in electrical resistivity is corroborated with the change in the carrier concentration as studied through low-temperature Hall measurements. A crossover from the n-type to p-type carriers was achieved in the irradiated films. Interestingly, tuning of the Fermi level by compensating the bulk carriers using ion-irradiation could be achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annealing" title="Annealing">Annealing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irradiation" title=" Irradiation"> Irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fermi%20level" title=" Fermi level"> Fermi level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuning" title=" Tuning"> Tuning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122719/compensation-of-bulk-charge-carriers-in-bismuth-based-topological-insulators-via-swift-heavy-ion-irradiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20342</span> Reliability Improvement of Power System Networks Using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Alesaadi">Alireza Alesaadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reliability analysis is a powerful method for determining the weak points of the electrical networks. In designing of electrical network, it is tried to design the most reliable network with minimal system shutting down, but it is usually associated with increasing the cost. In this paper, using adaptive genetic algorithm, a method was presented that provides the most reliable system with a certain economical cost. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a sample network and results will be analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20genetic%20algorithm" title=" adaptive genetic algorithm"> adaptive genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20network" title=" electrical network"> electrical network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20engineering" title=" communication engineering"> communication engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6512/reliability-improvement-of-power-system-networks-using-adaptive-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20341</span> Electrical Design Review Based on BIM-MEP Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Liu">Michael Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sen-Chou%20Tsai"> Sen-Chou Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Tang%20Huang"> Yu-Tang Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tai-Chun%20Lin"> Tai-Chun Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guan-Chyun%20Hsieh"> Guan-Chyun Hsieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study proposes an electrical review method for mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) using building information modeling (BIM). The purpose is to reliably simplify the review work, directly evaluate the layout of electrical equipment and wiring, and calculate short-circuit current and line voltage drop based on BIM-MEP models. The study was done by MIEtech Company in collaboration with Taiwan Power Company (TPC), which is basically the unit responsible for reviewing the design of electrical appliances. This study aims to simplify the review process, reduce manual review errors, and improve the timeliness and reliability of reviews. In addition, the review system provides insight into the process and correctness of the precise integration of wiring, plumbing, and electrical equipment into the building structure, improving the safety and reliability of building electricity. In addition, it can also assist electrical engineers to use BIM to enhance the accuracy and self-detection capabilities of circuit design and improve the timeliness of the design process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical" title="mechanical">mechanical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20and%20plumbing" title=" electrical and plumbing"> electrical and plumbing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20information%20modeling" title=" building information modeling"> building information modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20review%20method" title=" electrical review method"> electrical review method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194135/electrical-design-review-based-on-bim-mep-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20340</span> Investigation of Subsurface Structures within Bosso Local Government for Groundwater Exploration Using Magnetic and Resistivity Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adetona%20Abbassa">Adetona Abbassa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Shakirat%20B."> Aliyu Shakirat B.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study area is part of Bosso local Government, enclosed within Longitude 6.25’ to 6.31’ and Latitude 9.35’ to 9.45’, an area of 16x8 km², within the basement region of central Nigeria. The region is a host to Nigerian Airforce base 12 (NAF 12quick response) and its staff quarters, the headquarters of Bosso local government, the Independent National Electoral Commission’s two offices, four government secondary schools, six primary schools and Minna international airport. The area suffers an acute shortage of water from November when rains stop to June when rains commence within North Central Nigeria. A way of addressing this problem is a reconnaissance method to delineate possible fractures and fault lines that exists within the region by sampling the Aeromagnetic data and using an appropriate analytical algorithm to delineate these fractures. This is followed by an appropriate ground truthing method that will confirm if the fracture is connected to underground water movement. The first vertical derivative for structural analysis, reveals a set of lineaments labeled AA’, BB’, CC’, DD’, EE’ and FF’ all trending in the Northeast – Southwest directions. AA’ is just below latitude 9.45’ above Maikunkele village, cutting off the upper part of the field, it runs through Kangwo, Nini, Lawo and other communities. BB’ is at Latitude 9.43’ it truncated at about 2Km before Maikunkele and Kuyi. CC’ is around 9.40’ sitting below Maikunkele runs down through Nanaum. DD’ is from Latitude 9.38’; interestingly no community within this region where the fault passes through. A result from the three sites where Vertical Electrical Sounding was carried out reveals three layers comprised of topsoil, intermediate Clay formation and weathered/fractured or fresh basement. The depth to basement map was also produced, depth to the basement from the ground surface with VES A₂, B5, D₂ and E₁ to be relatively deeper with depth values range between 25 to 35 m while the shallower region of the area has a depth range value between 10 to 20 m. Hence, VES A₂, A₅, B₄, B₅, C₂, C₄, D₄, D₅, E₁, E₃, and F₄ are high conductivity zone that are prolific for groundwater potential. The depth range of the aquifer potential zones is between 22.7 m to 50.4 m. The result from site C is quite unique though the 3 layers were detected in the majority of the VES points, the maximum depth to the basement in 90% of the VES points is below 8 km, only three VES points shows considerably viability, which are C₆, E₂ and F₂ with depths of 35.2 m and 38 m respectively but lack of connectivity will be a big challenge of chargeability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithology" title="lithology">lithology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeromagnetic" title=" aeromagnetic"> aeromagnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquifer" title=" aquifer"> aquifer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geoelectric" title=" geoelectric"> geoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iso-resistivity" title=" iso-resistivity"> iso-resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basement" title=" basement"> basement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20electrical%20sounding%28VES%29" title=" vertical electrical sounding(VES)"> vertical electrical sounding(VES)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145816/investigation-of-subsurface-structures-within-bosso-local-government-for-groundwater-exploration-using-magnetic-and-resistivity-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20339</span> Groundwater Potential Zone Identification in Unconsolidated Aquifer Using Geophysical Techniques around Tarbela Ghazi, District Haripur, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Muzyan%20Shahzad">Syed Muzyan Shahzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Jianxin"> Liu Jianxin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asim%20Shahzad"> Asim Shahzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sharjeel%20Raza"> Muhammad Sharjeel Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Ya"> Sun Ya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fanidi%20Meryem"> Fanidi Meryem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrical resistivity investigation was conducted in vicinity of Tarbela Ghazi, in order to study the subsurface layer with a view of determining the depth to the aquifer and thickness of groundwater potential zones. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using Schlumberger array was carried out at 16 VES stations. Well logging data at four tube wells have been used to mark the super saturated zones with great discharge rate. The present paper shows a geoelectrical identification of the lithology and an estimate of the relationship between the resistivity and Dar Zarrouk parameters (transverse unit resistance and longitudinal unit conductance). The VES results revealed both homogeneous and heterogeneous nature of the subsurface strata. Aquifer is unconfined to confine in nature, and at few locations though perched aquifer has been identified, groundwater potential zones are developed in unconsolidated deposits layers and more than seven geo-electric layers are observed at some VES locations. Saturated zones thickness ranges from 5 m to 150 m, whereas at few area aquifer is beyond 150 m thick. The average anisotropy, transvers resistance and longitudinal conductance values are 0.86 %, 35750.9821 Ω.m<sup>2</sup>, 0.729 Siemens, respectively. The transverse unit resistance values fluctuate all over the aquifer system, whereas below at particular depth high values are observed, that significantly associated with the high transmissivity zones. The groundwater quality in all analyzed samples is below permissible limit according to World Health Standard (WHO). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquifer" title="aquifer">aquifer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dar%20Zarrouk%20parameters" title=" Dar Zarrouk parameters"> Dar Zarrouk parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geoelectric%20layers" title=" geoelectric layers"> geoelectric layers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarbela%20Ghazi" title=" Tarbela Ghazi"> Tarbela Ghazi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87640/groundwater-potential-zone-identification-in-unconsolidated-aquifer-using-geophysical-techniques-around-tarbela-ghazi-district-haripur-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20338</span> Effects of Duct Geometry, Thickness and Types of Liners on Transmission Loss for Absorptive Silencers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kashfi">M. Kashfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Jahani"> K. Jahani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sound attenuation in absorptive silencers has been analyzed in this paper. The structure of such devices is as follows. When the rigid duct of an expansion chamber has been lined by a packed absorptive material under a perforated membrane, incident sound waves will be dissipated by the absorptive liners. This kind of silencer, usually are applicable for medium to high frequency ranges. Several conditions for different absorptive materials, variety in their thicknesses, and different shapes of the expansion chambers have been studied in this paper. Also, graphs of sound attenuation have been compared between empty expansion chamber and duct of silencer with applying liner. Plane waves have been assumed in inlet and outlet regions of the silencer. Presented results that have been achieved by applying finite element method (FEM), have shown the dependence of the sound attenuation spectrum to flow resistivity and the thicknesses of the absorptive materials, and geometries of the cross section (configuration of the silencer). As flow resistivity and thickness of absorptive materials increase, sound attenuation improves. In this paper, diagrams of the transmission loss (TL) for absorptive silencers in five different cross sections (rectangle, circle, ellipse, square, and rounded rectangle as the main geometry) have been presented. Also, TL graphs for silencers using different absorptive material (glass wool, wood fiber, and kind of spongy materials) as liner with three different thicknesses of 5 mm, 15 mm, and 30 mm for glass wool liner have been exhibited. At first, the effect of substances of the absorptive materials with the specific flow resistivity and densities on the TL spectrum, then the effect of the thicknesses of the glass wool, and at last the efficacy of the shape of the cross section of the silencer have been investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20loss" title="transmission loss">transmission loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorptive%20material" title=" absorptive material"> absorptive material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20resistivity" title=" flow resistivity"> flow resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency" title=" frequency"> frequency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49773/effects-of-duct-geometry-thickness-and-types-of-liners-on-transmission-loss-for-absorptive-silencers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20337</span> An Investigation to Study the Moisture Dependency of Ground Enhancement Compound </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arunima%20Shukla">Arunima Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikas%20Almadi"> Vikas Almadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devesh%20Jaiswal"> Devesh Jaiswal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Saini"> Sunil Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhusan%20S.%20Patil"> Bhusan S. Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lightning protection consists of three main parts; mainly air termination system, down conductor, and earth termination system. Earth termination system is the most important part as earth is the sink and source of charges. Therefore, even when the charges are captured and delivered to the ground, and an easy path is not provided to the charges, earth termination system would lead to problems. Soil has significantly different resistivities ranging from 10 Ωm for wet organic soil to 10000 Ωm for bedrock. Different methods have been discussed and used conventionally such as deep-ground-well method and altering the length of the rod. Those methods are not considered economical. Therefore, it was a general practice to use charcoal along with salt to reduce the soil resistivity. Bentonite is worldwide acceptable material, that had led our interest towards study of bentonite at first. It was concluded that bentonite is a clay which is non-corrosive, environment friendly. Whereas bentonite is suitable only when there is moisture present in the soil, as in the absence of moisture, cracks will appear on the surface which will provide an open passage to the air, resulting into increase in the resistivity. Furthermore, bentonite without moisture does not have enough bonding property, moisture retention, conductivity, and non-leachability. Therefore, bentonite was used along with the other backfill material to overcome the dependency of bentonite on moisture. Different experiments were performed to get the best ratio of bentonite and carbon backfill. It was concluded that properties will highly depend on the quantity of bentonite and carbon-based backfill material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backfill%20material" title="backfill material">backfill material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bentonite" title=" bentonite"> bentonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounding%20material" title=" grounding material"> grounding material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20resistivity" title=" low resistivity"> low resistivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134378/an-investigation-to-study-the-moisture-dependency-of-ground-enhancement-compound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 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