{"title":"Bioremediation Potential in Recalcitrant Areas of PCE in Alluvial Fan Deposits","authors":"J. Herrero, D. Puigserver, I. Nijenhuis, K. Kuntze, J. M. Carmona","volume":148,"journal":"International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","pagesStart":203,"pagesEnd":212,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10010222","abstract":"<p>In the transition zone between aquifers and basal aquitards, the perchloroethene (PCE)-pools are more recalcitrant than those elsewhere in the aquifer. Although biodegradation of chloroethenes occur in this zone, it is a slow process and a remediation strategy is needed. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that combined strategy of biostimulation and <em>in situ<\/em> chemical reduction (ISCR) is more efficient than the two separated strategies. Four different microcosm experiments with sediment and groundwater of a selected field site where an aged pool exists at the bottom of a transition zone were designed under i) natural conditions, ii) biostimulation with lactic acid, iii) ISCR with zero-value iron (ZVI) and under iv) a combined strategy with lactic acid and ZVI. Biotic and abiotic dehalogenation, terminal electron acceptor processes and evolution of microbial communities were determined for each experiment. The main results were: i) reductive dehalogenation of PCE-pools occurs under sulfate-reducing conditions; ii) biostimulation with lactic acid supports more pronounced reductive dehalogenation of PCE and trichloroethene (TCE), but results in an accumulation of 1,2-cis-dichloroethene (cDCE); iii) ISCR with ZVI produces a sustained dehalogenation of PCE and its metabolites iv) combined strategy of biostimulation and ISCR results in a fast dehalogenation of PCE and TCE and a sustained dehalogenation of cisDCE. These findings suggest that biostimulation and ISCR with ZVI are the most suitable strategies for a complete reductive dehalogenation of PCE-pools in the transition zone and further to enable the dissolution of dense non-aqueous phase liquids.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tA. Tiehm and K. R. Schmidt, \u201cSequential anaerobic\/aerobic biodegradation of chloroethenes--aspects of field application.,\u201d Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 415\u201321, Jun. 2011.\r\n[2]\tM. J. Moran, J. S. Zogorski, and B. L. Rowe, \u201cApproach to an assessment of volatile organic compounds in the nation\u2019s ground water and drinking-water supply wells,\u201d Open-File Rep., 2006.\r\n[3]\tUSEPA, \u201cNational Primary Drinking Water Regulations. U.S. Environmental Protection. EPA 816-F-09-004.,\u201d in National Service Center for Environmental Publications, 2009.\r\n[4]\tB. L. Parker, J. A. Cherry, S. W. Chapman, and M. A. 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