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[o]" accesskey="o"> Hasi saioa</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi">gehiago ikasi</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y">Ekarpenak</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n">Eztabaida</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminoaren_definizioari_buruz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminoaren_definizioari_buruz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Terminoaren definizioari buruz </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminoaren_definizioari_buruz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Historia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aurrekariak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aurrekariak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Aurrekariak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aurrekariak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lehen_ekimenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lehen_ekimenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Lehen ekimenak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lehen_ekimenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inteligentzia_artifizialaren_aurkikuntzak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inteligentzia_artifizialaren_aurkikuntzak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Inteligentzia artifizialaren aurkikuntzak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inteligentzia_artifizialaren_aurkikuntzak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adimen_artifiziala_eta_informatika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adimen_artifiziala_eta_informatika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Adimen artifiziala eta informatika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adimen_artifiziala_eta_informatika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helburuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helburuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Helburuak </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Helburuak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Erakutsi/ezkutatu Helburuak azpiatal </button> <ul id="toc-Helburuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arrazoiketa,_arazoak_konpontzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrazoiketa,_arazoak_konpontzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Arrazoiketa, arazoak konpontzea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrazoiketa,_arazoak_konpontzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ezagutzaren_irudikapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezagutzaren_irudikapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Ezagutzaren irudikapena </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ezagutzaren_irudikapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plangintza_eta_erabakiak_hartzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plangintza_eta_erabakiak_hartzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Plangintza eta erabakiak hartzea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plangintza_eta_erabakiak_hartzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikaskuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikaskuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Ikaskuntza </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikaskuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hizkuntza_naturalaren_prozesamendua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hizkuntza_naturalaren_prozesamendua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Hizkuntza naturalaren prozesamendua </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hizkuntza_naturalaren_prozesamendua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pertzepzioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pertzepzioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Pertzepzioa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pertzepzioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikusmen_artifiziala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikusmen_artifiziala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Ikusmen artifiziala </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikusmen_artifiziala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Robotika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robotika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Robotika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robotika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistema_adituak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistema_adituak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Sistema adituak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistema_adituak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irakaskuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irakaskuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Irakaskuntza </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irakaskuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oharrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oharrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Oharrak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oharrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Erreferentziak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Bibliografia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Erakutsi/ezkutatu Bibliografia azpiatal </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-AA_testu-liburuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AA_testu-liburuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 AA testu-liburuak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AA_testu-liburuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AAren_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AAren_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 AAren historia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AAren_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beste_iturri_batzuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beste_iturri_batzuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Beste iturri batzuk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beste_iturri_batzuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia_osagarria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia_osagarria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Bibliografia osagarria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia_osagarria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Ikus, gainera </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Kanpo estekak </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Erakutsi/ezkutatu Kanpo estekak azpiatal </button> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orokorrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orokorrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Orokorrak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orokorrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inteligentzia_artifizialarekin_lotutako_erakundeak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inteligentzia_artifizialarekin_lotutako_erakundeak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Inteligentzia artifizialarekin lotutako erakundeak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inteligentzia_artifizialarekin_lotutako_erakundeak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bestelakoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bestelakoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Bestelakoak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bestelakoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Adimen artifizial</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 160 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-160" aria-hidden="true" > 160 hizkuntza </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunsmatige_intelligensie" title="Kunsmatige intelligensie – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kunsmatige intelligensie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCnstliche_Intelligenz" title="Künstliche Intelligenz – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Künstliche Intelligenz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%A0%E1%88%AB%E1%88%BD_%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9B%E1%88%B0%E1%89%A5_%E1%89%BD%E1%88%8E%E1%89%B3" title="ሰው ሠራሽ የማሰብ ችሎታ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰው ሠራሽ የማሰብ ችሎታ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelichencia_artificial" title="Intelichencia artificial – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Intelichencia artificial" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="ذكاء اصطناعي – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذكاء اصطناعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="دكا صطيناعي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دكا صطيناعي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%89" title="ذكاء صناعى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ذكاء صناعى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="কৃত্ৰিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কৃত্ৰিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelixencia_artificial" title="Intelixencia artificial – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Intelixencia artificial" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCni_intellekt" title="Süni intellekt – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Süni intellekt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%B0%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="مصنوعی ذکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مصنوعی ذکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Яһалма интеллект – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яһалма интеллект" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinschtlicha_Intelligenz" title="Kinschtlicha Intelligenz – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kinschtlicha Intelligenz" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%97rbt%C4%97ns_intelekts" title="Dėrbtėns intelekts – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dėrbtėns intelekts" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artipisyal_na_intelihensya" title="Artipisyal na intelihensya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Artipisyal na intelihensya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Штучны інтэлект – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Штучны інтэлект" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Штучны інтэлект – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Штучны інтэлект" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calakan_bikinan" title="Calakan bikinan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Calakan bikinan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Изкуствен интелект – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изкуствен интелект" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="མི་བཟོས་རིག་ནུས། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མི་བཟོས་རིག་ནུས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naouegezh_artifisiel" title="Naouegezh artifisiel – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Naouegezh artifisiel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umjetna_inteligencija" title="Umjetna inteligencija – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Umjetna inteligencija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D1%8E%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Хэмэл оюун – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хэмэл оюун" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel%C2%B7lig%C3%A8ncia_artificial" title="Intel·ligència artificial – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Intel·ligència artificial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelihensiya_artipisyal" title="Intelihensiya artipisyal – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Intelihensiya artipisyal" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ژیریی دەستکرد – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژیریی دەستکرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suniy_zek%C3%A2" title="Suniy zekâ – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Suniy zekâ" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A1_inteligence" title="Umělá inteligence – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Umělá inteligence" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BBe_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Юриллe интеллект – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Юриллe интеллект" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deallusrwydd_artiffisial" title="Deallusrwydd artiffisial – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Deallusrwydd artiffisial" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstig_intelligens" title="Kunstig intelligens – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kunstig intelligens" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCnstliche_Intelligenz" title="Künstliche Intelligenz – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Künstliche Intelligenz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viro_v%C4%B1ra%C5%9Ft%C4%B1k%C3%AAn" title="Viro vıraştıkên – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Viro vıraştıkên" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaalan_Tinanda" title="Kabaalan Tinanda – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Kabaalan Tinanda" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AE_%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Τεχνητή νοημοσύνη – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεχνητή νοημοσύνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Artificial intelligence" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artefarita_intelekto" title="Artefarita intelekto – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Artefarita intelekto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inteligencia_artificial" title="Inteligencia artificial – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Inteligencia artificial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehisintellekt" title="Tehisintellekt – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tehisintellekt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteligencia_artificial" title="Enteligencia artificial – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Enteligencia artificial" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B4_%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="هوش مصنوعی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هوش مصنوعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teko%C3%A4ly" title="Tekoäly – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tekoäly" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstm%C3%B5istus" title="Kunstmõistus – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kunstmõistus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C7%94nyw%C9%9B_gb%C9%9Bt%C9%94_%C9%96%C9%94hun_t%C9%94n" title="Nǔnywɛ gbɛtɔ ɖɔhun tɔn – fonera" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Nǔnywɛ gbɛtɔ ɖɔhun tɔn" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fonera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_artificielle" title="Intelligence artificielle – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Intelligence artificielle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstelk_Inteligens" title="Konstelk Inteligens – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Konstelk Inteligens" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inteligjence_artifici%C3%A2l" title="Inteligjence artificiâl – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Inteligjence artificiâl" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intleacht_shaorga" title="Intleacht shaorga – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Intleacht shaorga" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="人工智能" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent%C3%A9lijans_artifisy%C3%A8l" title="Entélijans artifisyèl – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Entélijans artifisyèl" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuigse_inntealta" title="Tuigse inntealta – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tuigse inntealta" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelixencia_artificial" title="Intelixencia artificial – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Intelixencia artificial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ava_japopyre_arandu" title="Ava japopyre arandu – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ava japopyre arandu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-in%C3%A7hynaght" title="Far-inçhynaght – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Far-inçhynaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkirar_Basira_(Artificial_Intelligence)" title="Kirkirar Basira (Artificial Intelligence) – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kirkirar Basira (Artificial Intelligence)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="בינה מלאכותית – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בינה מלאכותית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="कृत्रिम बुद्धि – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कृत्रिम बुद्धि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Artificial intelligence" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umjetna_inteligencija" title="Umjetna inteligencija – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Umjetna inteligencija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent%C3%A8lijans_atifisy%C3%A8l" title="Entèlijans atifisyèl – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Entèlijans atifisyèl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesters%C3%A9ges_intelligencia" title="Mesterséges intelligencia – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mesterséges intelligencia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արհեստական բանականություն – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արհեստական բանականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արհեստական Բանականութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արհեստական Բանականութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligentia_artificial" title="Intelligentia artificial – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Intelligentia artificial" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecerdasan_buatan" title="Kecerdasan buatan – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kecerdasan buatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inteligentie_artificial" title="Inteligentie artificial – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Inteligentie artificial" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cg%E1%BB%A5g%E1%BB%A5_isi" title="Ọgụgụ isi – igboera" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ọgụgụ isi" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igboera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parbo_a_saririt" title="Parbo a saririt – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Parbo a saririt" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artifical_inteligenteso" title="Artifical inteligenteso – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Artifical inteligenteso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervigreind" title="Gervigreind – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gervigreind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligenza_artificiale" title="Intelligenza artificiale – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Intelligenza artificiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%9F%A5%E8%83%BD" title="人工知能 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人工知能" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aatifishal_intelijens" title="Aatifishal intelijens – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aatifishal intelijens" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rutni_menli" title="rutni menli – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rutni menli" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kacerdhasan_gaw%C3%A9yan" title="Kacerdhasan gawéyan – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kacerdhasan gawéyan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ხელოვნური ინტელექტი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხელოვნური ინტელექტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasalma_intellekt" title="Jasalma intellekt – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Jasalma intellekt" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A8%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Kanyonde" title="Ũũgĩ wa Kanyonde – kikuyuera" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ũũgĩ wa Kanyonde" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyuera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Жасанды интеллект – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жасанды интеллект" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F" title="បញ្ញាសិប្បនិម្មិត – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បញ្ញាសិប្បនិម្មិត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಕೃತಕ ಬುದ್ಧಿಮತ್ತೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೃತಕ ಬುದ್ಧಿಮತ್ತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%A7%80%EB%8A%A5" title="인공지능 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인공지능" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84_AI" title="نقلی عقل AI – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نقلی عقل AI" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence" title="Artificial Intelligence – koloniera" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Artificial Intelligence" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="koloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Жасалма интеллект – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жасалма интеллект" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellegentia_artificialis" title="Intellegentia artificialis – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Intellegentia artificialis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ABnschtlech_Intelligenz" title="Kënschtlech Intelligenz – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kënschtlech Intelligenz" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3nsmaesige_intelligentie" title="Kónsmaesige intelligentie – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kónsmaesige intelligentie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligenza_artificiala" title="Intelligenza artificiala – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Intelligenza artificiala" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirbtinis_intelektas" title="Dirbtinis intelektas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dirbtinis intelektas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ksl%C4%ABgais_intelekts" title="Mākslīgais intelekts – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mākslīgais intelekts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecerdasan_buatan" title="Kecerdasan buatan – madurera" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kecerdasan buatan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haranita-tsaina_voatrolombelona" title="Haranita-tsaina voatrolombelona – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Haranita-tsaina voatrolombelona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecerdasan_buatan" title="Kecerdasan buatan – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kecerdasan buatan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Вештачка интелигенција – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вештачка интелигенција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E2%80%8D%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BF" title="നി‍ർമ്മിത ബുദ്ധി – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നി‍ർമ്മിത ബുദ്ധി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D1%8E%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Хиймэл оюун – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хиймэл оюун" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecerdasan_buatan" title="Kecerdasan buatan – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kecerdasan buatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelli%C4%A1enza_artifi%C4%8Bjali" title="Intelliġenza artifiċjali – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Intelliġenza artifiċjali" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%89%E1%80%AC%E1%80%8F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="ဉာဏ်ရည်တု – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဉာဏ်ရည်တု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCnstlike_Intelligenz" title="Künstlike Intelligenz – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Künstlike Intelligenz" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keunstklookte" title="Keunstklookte – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Keunstklookte" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कृत्रिम बौद्धिकता – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कृत्रिम बौद्धिकता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आर्टिफिसियल इन्टेलिजेन्स – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आर्टिफिसियल इन्टेलिजेन्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstmatige_intelligentie" title="Kunstmatige intelligentie – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kunstmatige intelligentie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstig_intelligens" title="Kunstig intelligens – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kunstig intelligens" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstig_intelligens" title="Kunstig intelligens – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kunstig intelligens" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellig%C3%A9ncia_artificiala" title="Intelligéncia artificiala – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Intelligéncia artificiala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8" title="ଆର୍ଟିଫିସିଆଲ ଇଣ୍ଟେଲିଜେନ୍ସ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆର୍ଟିଫିସିଆଲ ଇଣ୍ଟେଲିଜେନ୍ସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਸ਼ੀਨੀ ਬੁੱਧੀਮਾਨਤਾ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਸ਼ੀਨੀ ਬੁੱਧੀਮਾਨਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Int%C3%A9rligince_artificielle" title="Intérligince artificielle – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Intérligince artificielle" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztuczna_inteligencja" title="Sztuczna inteligencja – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sztuczna inteligencja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B0%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="بنائی گئی ذہانت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بنائی گئی ذہانت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A_%DA%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مصنوعي ځيرکتیا – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مصنوعي ځيرکتیا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelig%C3%AAncia_artificial" title="Inteligência artificial – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Inteligência artificial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapchisqa_yuyay" title="Kapchisqa yuyay – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kapchisqa yuyay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inteligen%C8%9B%C4%83_artificial%C4%83" title="Inteligență artificială – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Inteligență artificială" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Искусственный интеллект – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Искусственный интеллект" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D2%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Умела інтеліґенція – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Умела інтеліґенція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%A5%D0%BE%D2%BB%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Оҥоһуу интеллект – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Оҥоһуу интеллект" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artifeecial_intelligence" title="Artifeecial intelligence – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Artifeecial intelligence" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%BF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B0%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ھٿرادو ذھانت – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھٿرادو ذھانت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vje%C5%A1ta%C4%8Dka_inteligencija" title="Vještačka inteligencija – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vještačka inteligencija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="කෘත්‍රීම බුද්ධිය – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කෘත්‍රීම බුද්ධිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Artificial intelligence" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umel%C3%A1_inteligencia" title="Umelá inteligencia – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Umelá inteligencia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umetna_inteligenca" title="Umetna inteligenca – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Umetna inteligenca" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inteligjenca_artificiale" title="Inteligjenca artificiale – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Inteligjenca artificiale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Вештачка интелигенција – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вештачка интелигенција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificiell_intelligens" title="Artificiell intelligens – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Artificiell intelligens" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akili_mnemba" title="Akili mnemba – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Akili mnemba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategoryjo:Sztuczno_inteligencyjo" title="Kategoryjo:Sztuczno inteligencyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kategoryjo:Sztuczno inteligencyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81" title="కృత్రిమ మేధస్సు – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కృత్రిమ మేధస్సు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D3%AF%D1%8A%D3%A3" title="Ҳуши маснӯъӣ – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳуши маснӯъӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%8C" title="ปัญญาประดิษฐ์ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปัญญาประดิษฐ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Dasama_akyl" title="Ýasama akyl – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýasama akyl" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artipisyal_na_katalinuhan" title="Artipisyal na katalinuhan – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Artipisyal na katalinuhan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapay_zek%C3%A2" title="Yapay zekâ – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yapay zekâ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Ясалма интеллект – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ясалма интеллект" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_artificiel" title="Intelligence artificiel – tahitiera" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Intelligence artificiel" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitiera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%88%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%89_%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%AF%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83" title="سۈنئى ئىدىراك – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۈنئى ئىدىراك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Штучний інтелект – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Штучний інтелект" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%B0%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مصنوعی ذہانت – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مصنوعی ذہانت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%CA%BCiy_intellekt" title="Sunʼiy intellekt – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sunʼiy intellekt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inte%C5%82ijensa_artifisa%C5%82e" title="Intełijensa artifisałe – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Intełijensa artifisałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%AD_tu%E1%BB%87_nh%C3%A2n_t%E1%BA%A1o" title="Trí tuệ nhân tạo – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trí tuệ nhân tạo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBtist%C3%A9_%C3%A9ndjolike" title="Sûtisté éndjolike – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sûtisté éndjolike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelihensya_artipisyal" title="Intelihensya artipisyal – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Intelihensya artipisyal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="人工智能" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ხელუანური ინტელექტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხელუანური ინტელექტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%A2_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A5" title="קינסטלעכע אינטעליגענץ – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קינסטלעכע אינטעליגענץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%96%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴳⵓⵔⵜ – amazigera estandarra" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴳⵓⵔⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazigera estandarra" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人工智能" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%AEn-kang_t%C3%AC-l%C3%AAng" title="Jîn-kang tì-lêng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jîn-kang tì-lêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm/Ikusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIkusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIkusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm&lang=bn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bn" label="বাংলা ‪(bn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIkusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIkusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIkusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIkusgela-Adimen_artifiziala.webm&lang=sl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sl" label="slovenščina ‪(sl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela" title="Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu hemen klik eginez gero."><img alt="Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/40px-Ikusgela-logoa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/60px-Ikusgela-logoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/80px-Ikusgela-logoa.png 2x" data-file-width="3334" data-file-height="3334" /></a><figcaption>Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu hemen klik eginez gero.</figcaption></figure>Adimen artifiziala ulertzeko bideoa.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Deep_Blue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Deep_Blue.jpg/200px-Deep_Blue.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Deep_Blue.jpg/300px-Deep_Blue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Deep_Blue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> enpresako <a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue" title="Deep Blue">Deep Blue</a>. Argazkikoa bezalako ordenagailua oso ospetsu bihurtu zen munduko <a href="/wiki/Xake" title="Xake">xake</a> txapeldunari, <a href="/wiki/Gari_Kasparov" title="Gari Kasparov">Kasparovi</a>, irabazi zionean. Historian lehen makina izan zen munduko txapeldun bati irabazten. Argazkia: Computer History Museum</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:HONDA_ASIMO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/HONDA_ASIMO.jpg/200px-HONDA_ASIMO.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/HONDA_ASIMO.jpg/300px-HONDA_ASIMO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/HONDA_ASIMO.jpg/400px-HONDA_ASIMO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Asimo <a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">robot</a> humanoidea</figcaption></figure> Adimen artifiziala (AA; IA, inteligentzia artifiziala<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>, edo (Ingelesez) AI ere) <a href="/wiki/Makina" title="Makina">makinek</a> frogatutako <a href="/wiki/Adimen" title="Adimen">adimena</a> da (<a href="/wiki/Informazio" title="Informazio">informazioaren</a> pertzepzioa, sintesia eta inferentzia), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Animalien_kognizio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Animalien kognizio (sortu gabe)">gizakiak ez diren animaliek</a> edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giza_adimen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giza adimen (sortu gabe)">gizakiek erakutsitako adimenari</a> kontrajarria. Mota horretako lanen adibideak dira ahotsa ezagutzea, ordenagailuen ikusmena, hizkuntzen arteko itzulpena (naturalak) eta beste datu-konbinazio batzuk. AAren aplikazioak dira: <a href="/wiki/Web-bilaketa" class="mw-redirect" title="Web-bilaketa">web-bilaketarako</a> motor aurreratuak (adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Google_Search" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Search">Google Search</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomendio-sistema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomendio-sistema (sortu gabe)">gomendio-sistemak</a> (<a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTubek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon">Amazonek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflixek</a> erabiltzen dituztenak), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giza_hizketaren_ulermen-natural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giza hizketaren ulermen-natural (sortu gabe)">giza hizketaren ulermena</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Alexa" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexa">Alexa</a>, esaterako), <a href="/wiki/Ibilgailu_autonomo" title="Ibilgailu autonomo">ibilgailu autonomoak</a> (adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Waymo" title="Waymo">Waymo</a>), tresna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorkuntza_konputazional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorkuntza konputazional (sortu gabe)">sortzaile</a> edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial_generatibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adimen artifizial generatibo (sortu gabe)">generatiboak</a> (<a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=AA_arte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AA arte (sortu gabe)">AA artea</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erabaki_automatizatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erabaki automatizatu (sortu gabe)">erabaki automatizatuak</a> hartzea eta maila goreneko lehia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joko-sistema_estrategiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joko-sistema estrategiko (sortu gabe)">joko-sistema estrategikoetan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xake" title="Xake">xakea</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Go" title="Go">Go</a>). Makinak gero eta gaiago bihurtzen diren heinean, "inteligentzia" eskatzen duten zereginak AAren definiziotik ezabatzen dira askotan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AA_efektu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AA efektu (sortu gabe)">AA efektua</a> bezala ezagutzen den fenomenoa<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCorduck2004204-2">[2]</a>. Adibidez, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaktereen_ezagupen_optiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaktereen ezagupen optiko (sortu gabe)">karaktereen ezagupen optikoa</a> AA gisa hartzen denetik kanpo utzi ohi da, ohiko teknologia bihurtu baita<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchank199138-3">[3]</a>. Adimen artifiziala diziplina akademiko gisa sortu zen 1956an, eta, ordutik, hainbat baikortasun-bolada izan ditu<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrevier1993109-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-AI_in_the_80s-5">[5]</a>; ondoren, etsipena eta finantziazio-galera ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=AAren_negua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AAren negua (sortu gabe)">AAren negua</a>" esaten zaiona), eta, ondoren, ikuspegi berriak, arrakasta eta finantzaketa berritua. AAko ikerketak ikuspegi desberdin asko probatu eta baztertu ditu, hala nola garunaren simulazioa, gizakiek problemen ebazpenaren modelatzea, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logika_formal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logika formal (sortu gabe)">logika formala</a>, ezagutzaren datu-base handiak eta animalien portaeraren imitazioa. XXI. mendeko lehen hamarkadetan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikaskuntza_automatiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikaskuntza automatiko (sortu gabe)">ikaskuntza automatiko</a> matematiko eta estatistiko handia nagusi izan da eremuan, eta teknika hori oso arrakastatsua izan dela erakutsi du industria eta mundu akademiko osoan erronkazko arazo asko konpontzen lagunduz<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2015b-6">[6]</a>. AAko ikerketaren azpieremuak helburu zehatzetan eta tresna espezifikoen erabileran oinarritzen dira. AAko ikerketaren helburu tradizionalen artean daude <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrazoitze_automatiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrazoitze automatiko (sortu gabe)">arrazoitzea</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezagutza_irudikatze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ezagutza irudikatze (sortu gabe)">ezagutza irudikatzea</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planifikatze_automatiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planifikatze automatiko (sortu gabe)">planifikatzea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikasketa_automatiko" title="Ikasketa automatiko">ikastea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzaren_prozesamendu" title="Hizkuntzaren prozesamendu">hizkuntza naturala prozesatzea</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makinen_pertzepzioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makinen pertzepzioa (sortu gabe)">pertzepzioa</a> eta objektuak mugitzeko eta manipulatzeko gaitasuna. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_orokor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adimen orokor (sortu gabe)">Adimen orokorra</a> (arazo arbitrario bat konpontzeko gaitasuna) da eremu horren epe luzerako helburuetako bat. Arazo horiek konpontzeko, AAko ikertzaileek problemak ebazteko teknika ugari egokitu, eta integratu dituzte, hala nola bilaketa eta optimizazio matematikoa, logika formala, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sare_neuronal_artifizial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sare neuronal artifizial (sortu gabe)">sare neuronal artifizialak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Estatistika" title="Estatistika">estatistikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Probabilitate" title="Probabilitate">probabilitatean</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia">ekonomian</a> oinarritutako metodoak. <a href="/wiki/Informatika" title="Informatika">Informatikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psikologia" title="Psikologia">psikologian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzalaritza" title="Hizkuntzalaritza">hizkuntzalaritzan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofian</a> eta beste arlo askotan ere oinarritzen da AA. Giza adimena "hain zehatz deskribatu daiteke, ezen simulatzen duen makina bat egin daitekeen" ustean sortu zen eremua. Honek giza adimenaren antzekoa gaitasuna zuten izaki artifizialak sortzearen eta ondorio etikoen gaineko argudio filosofikoak sorrarazi zituen; gai hauek antzinatik aztertu zituzten mitoak, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifiziala_fikzioan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adimen artifiziala fikzioan (sortu gabe)">fikzioak</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizialaren_filosofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adimen artifizialaren filosofia (sortu gabe)">filosofiak</a>. Ordutik, informatikariek eta filosofoek iradoki dute AA <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrisku_existentzial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrisku existentzial (sortu gabe)">arrisku existentzial</a> bihur daitekeela gizateriarentzat, haien gaitasun arrazionalak helburu onuragarrietara bideratzen ez badira. Adimen artifiziala ere kritikatu izan da AAren benetako gaitasun teknologikoak puzteagatik. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminoaren_definizioari_buruz">Terminoaren definizioari buruz</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Terminoaren definizioari buruz»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Terminoaren definizioari buruz">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> Lagunartean, adimen artifiziala terminoa makina batek gizakiek beste gizakien adimenekin lotzen dituzten funtzio «kognitiboak» imitatzen dituenean aplikatzen da, adibidez: «<a href="/wiki/Pertzepzio" title="Pertzepzio">hautematean</a>», «<a href="/wiki/Arrazoi" title="Arrazoi">arrazoitzean</a>», «<a href="/wiki/Ikasten" title="Ikasten">ikastean</a>» eta «arazoak konpontzean»<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig20092-7">[7]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Kaplan" title="Andreas Kaplan">Andreas Kaplanek</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Haenlein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Haenlein (sortu gabe)">Michael Haenleinek</a> honela definitzen dute adimen artifiziala: «Sistema batek kanpoko datuak behar bezala interpretatzeko duen gaitasuna, datu horietatik ikasteko eta ezagutza horiek egokitzapen malguaren bidez zeregin eta xede zehatzak lortzeko erabiltzeko duen gaitasuna»<a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Z4-1-8">[8]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gorka_Azkune_Galparsoro" title="Gorka Azkune Galparsoro">Gorka Azkunek</a> atazen araberako definizio bat ematen du: «Ezin dugunez besterik gabe esan makina batek adimena daukan edo ez, egiten duguna da makina horri ataza batzuk jarri, gure ustez izaki adimentsu batek bakarrik ebatzi litzakeenak, eta ikusten dugu makinak zenbateraino ondo egiten dituen ataza horiek».<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Makinak gero eta gai bihurtzen diren heinean, noizbait giza- eta adimen-beharra zegoela pentsatu izan den teknologia hori ezabatu egiten da definiziotik. Adibidez, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaktereen_ezagupen_optiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaktereen ezagupen optiko (sortu gabe)">karaktereen ezagupen optikoa</a> ez da jada «adimen artifizialaren» adibidetzat hartzen, teknologia arrunt bihurtu baita<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>. Oraindik, adimen artifizial gisa sailkatuta dauden aurrerapen teknologikoak gidatzeko sistema autonomoak edo <a href="/wiki/Xake" title="Xake">xakean</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Go" title="Go">Go</a> jokatzeko gai direnak dira<a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Z4-1-8">[8]</a>. Adimen artifiziala arazoak konpontzeko modu berri bat da, eta horien barruan sartzen dira sistema adituak, roboten maneiua eta kontrola eta prozesadoreak. Sistema horietan, ezagutza integratzen saiatzen da, beste era batera esanda, bere programa propioa idazteko gai den sistema adimendun bat. Arlo jakin bati buruzko ezagutza biltegiratzeko eta erabiltzeko gai den programazio-egitura gisa definitutako sistema aditu bat, ikasteko gaitasuna dakarrena<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>. Era berean, makinek algoritmoak erabiltzeko, datuetatik ikasteko eta erabakiak hartzerakoan ikasitakoa gizaki batek egingo lukeen moduan erabiltzeko gaitasuntzat har daiteke adimen artifiziala; gainera, adimen artifizialaren ikuspegi nagusietako bat ikaskuntza automatikoa da, eta, beraz, ordenagailuek edo makinek ikasteko gaitasuna dute horretarako programatuta egon gabe<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>. Takeiasen arabera (2007), AA zientzia konputazionalen adar bat da, gizakien berezko jarduerak egiteko gai diren zenbaketa-ereduak aztertzeaz arduratzen dena, haien bi ezaugarri nagusitan oinarrituta: arrazoiketa eta jokabidea<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>. 1956an, <a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy" title="John McCarthy">John McCarthyk</a> «adimen artifiziala» esamoldea sortu zuen, eta honela definitu zuen: «makina adimendunak egiteko zientzia eta asmamena, batez ere konputazio adimenduneko programak»<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>. Era berean, hainbat pertzepzio eta ekintza mota daude, sentsore fisiko eta sentsore mekanikoen bidez lortu eta ekoitzi daitezkeenak, hurrenez hurren, makinetan, pultsu elektriko edo optikoen bidez konputagailuetan, bai eta software baten eta software-ingurunearen bit-sarreren eta -irteeren bidez ere. Hona hemen adibide batzuk: <a href="/wiki/Kontrolaren_teoria" title="Kontrolaren teoria">sistemen kontrola</a>, plangintza automatikoa, diagnostikoei eta kontsumitzaileen kontsultei erantzuteko gaitasuna, idazketaren ezagutza, <a href="/wiki/Ahotsaren_ezagupena" title="Ahotsaren ezagupena">hizketaren ezagutza</a> eta patroien ezagutza. Gaur egun, AAko sistemak errutinaren parte dira <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia">ekonomian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medikuntza" title="Medikuntza">medikuntzan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingeniaritza" title="Ingeniaritza">ingeniaritzan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garraio" title="Garraio">garraioan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komunikazio" title="Komunikazio">komunikazioetan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Milizia" title="Milizia">milizian</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Programa_informatiko" title="Programa informatiko">programa informatiko</a>, konputagailuko <a href="/wiki/Xake" title="Xake">xake</a> bezalako estrategia-joko eta beste <a href="/wiki/Bideojoko" title="Bideojoko">bideojoko</a> askotan erabili izan da. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historia">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Adimen_artifizialaren_historia" title="Adimen artifizialaren historia">Adimen artifizialaren historia</a>»</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aurrekariak">Aurrekariak</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aurrekariak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Aurrekariak">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> Adimen artifizialaren jatorria <a href="/wiki/Psikologia" title="Psikologia">psikologian</a> bertan datza, zehazki giza pentsamenduaren modelo bat sortzeko nahian. Adimen artifizialaren kontzeptua aspaldidanik gizakiak amestu izan duen ahalmen batekin erlazionaturik dago, materia bizigabea bizteko ahalmenarekin. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pragako_Golema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pragako Golema (sortu gabe)">Pragako Golemaren</a> kondairan eta modernoagoa den <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein</a> doktorearen kontakizunean nabari liteke antzekorik. Hala ere, dakigunez <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Butler" class="mw-disambig" title="Samuel Butler">Samuel Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeelanda_Berria" title="Zeelanda Berria">Zeelanda Berrian</a> bizitako idazle <a href="/wiki/Britania" title="Britania">Britaniarra</a> izan zen gaur egun darabilgun kontzeptuaren lehen zantzuak adierazi zituena, 1863an <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin</a> makinen artean izeneko idazki batean kontzientzia mekanikoa aipatu zuenean. Hala dirudien arren adimen artifiziala ez da soilik <a href="/wiki/Robotika" title="Robotika">robotikarekin</a> zerikusia duen <a href="/wiki/Zientzia" title="Zientzia">zientzia</a>; adimen kolektiboaren azterketa izan da adimen artifizialaren sustatzaileetako bat <a href="/wiki/Soziologia" title="Soziologia">soziologiak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia">biologiak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politika_zientzia" title="Politika zientzia">zientzia politikoek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marketin" title="Marketin">marketinak</a>... aspaldidanik aurreikusi nahi izan dituzte gizakien joerak eta erabakiak horretarako adimen artifiziala modelo bezala erabili litekeelarik. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lehen_ekimenak">Lehen ekimenak</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lehen ekimenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Lehen ekimenak">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> 1940ko hamarkadan hasi ziren adimen artifiziala <a href="/wiki/Informatika" title="Informatika">informatikaren</a> bidez lortzeko lehen ekimenak, ildo horretatik agertu ziren ere lehen idazki eta artikuluak besteak beste: 1943. urtean Warren McCulloch eta Walter Pittsek argitaratutako Logika kalkuluak, ideia Immanenteak eta Nerbioen Aktibitateak edota 1950. urtean azaldu ziren <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turingen</a> Makinaria konputagailua eta inteligentzia eta J.C.R. Licklidereen Izaki-konputagailu sinbiosia. Honen aurretik, 1948. urtean, <a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Thompson_Jaynes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Thompson Jaynes (sortu gabe)">E.T. Jaynesek</a> jada honakoa esana zioten makinek pentsatzeko ahalmena sekula lortuko ez zutela esan zuen ikasle bati "Makinek egin ezin dituzten gauzak badirelakoan jarraitzen duzu. Argi eta zehatz esango bazenit zer den egin ezin dezaketena orduan diozun hori egiteko ahalmena duen makina bat eraikiko dut!". <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969an</a> McCarthyk eta Hayesek frame arazoei buruzko aurkikuntza bat egin zuten eta beraien idazlanetan honako hau jarri zuten, "<a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">Filosofia</a> arazo batzuk Adimen Artifizialetik eratorriak dira". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inteligentzia_artifizialaren_aurkikuntzak">Inteligentzia artifizialaren aurkikuntzak</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Inteligentzia artifizialaren aurkikuntzak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Inteligentzia artifizialaren aurkikuntzak">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> 1950. urtean <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_Newell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allen Newell (sortu gabe)">Allen Newell</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Simon" title="Herbert Simon">Herbert Simonek</a> Carnegie Mellon Unibertsitateko laborategian adimen artifiziala lortzeko lehen saiakerak burutu zituzten. Hauen ondoren 1959. urtean McCarthy eta Marvin Minskyk ere MITko Adimen Artifizial Laborategian zenbait lan egin zuten. Historikoki, bi ikerketa-bide daude adimen artifizialaren arloan - "neats"ena eta "scruffies"ena. "Neat", klasikoa edo <a href="/wiki/Sinbolikoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinbolikoa">sinbolikoa</a> dugu AAren arloan, orokorrean, manipulazio sinbolikoz inguraturik dago eta kontzeptu abstraktuez, eta hau da gehien erabiltzen den metodologia adituen esanetan sistemen arloan. Paralelikoki "scruffy", edo "konexionista", gehiago hurbiltzen da, <a href="/wiki/Neurona-sare_artifizial" title="Neurona-sare artifizial">neurona-sare artifizialera</a>. Hauek dira adibiderik onenak, sistema eta antolakuntza berriak eraikiz adimenera "inguratzen" saiatzen direnak eta prozesu automatiko eta sistematiko asko hobetuz arazo hau amaitzen dute dena osatuz. Biak nahikotxo hurbiltzen dira IAren historiara. <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> eta <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>. urtean "scruffy" hurbildu zen "background"era, baina interesa gauzatu zen <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>. urtean "neat"en mugak argi geratu zirenean. Bestalde, gaur egun biak erabiltzen dira bata bestea osatuz hobeto funtzionatzen baitute. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adimen_artifiziala_eta_informatika">Adimen artifiziala eta informatika</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Adimen artifiziala eta informatika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Adimen artifiziala eta informatika">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> Adimen artifizialaren hasiera ordenagailuenarekin batera izan zen, <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>. urtean <a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy" title="John McCarthy">John McCarthyk</a> adimen artifizialaren terminoa sortu zuen, eta ordutik ondorengo etapak ezberdintzen dira: <dl><dd><ul><li>Hasierako azterketa zientifikoaren etapa ( 1956-1970 ). Bilaketa heuristikoaren metodoak eta dedukzio-automatikoarenak ere agertzen dira. Lehenengoek problemak grafikoez adierazi eta ebazteko teknika heuristikoak erabiltzen dituzte, eta bigarrenek, logikan oinarritutakoak. Etapa honetan agertu zen LISP hizkuntza adimen artifizialerako egokituta, eta baita ere sare semantikoak ezagupena adierazteko.</li> <li>Prototipoen etapa ( 1970-1980 ): Aurreko etapako fundamentu teorikoek prototipo batzuen agerraldia eragintzen dute: STRIPS proiektua roboten planifikazioan, gizakien hizkuntza ulertzeko MARCO ezagupenen adierazpen-paradigma, lehenengo sistema adituak ( MYCIN, gaixotasunen diagnostikorako...) eta 1972 urtean programazio logikoaren planteamendua, PROLOG hizkuntza sortarazi zuena.</li> <li>Difusio-etapa. Oraingoa. Ezagupen-ingeniariaren sakabanatzea ematen da. Adimen artifizialera dedikaturiko enpresak agertzen dira, aplikazio honetarako erremintak merkatura zabaltzen. Aurrerapen handiak ematen dira sistema adituetan eta datu-baseentzako hizkuntza naturalean, eta ez hain handiak ikusmen artifizial eta robotikan.</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Helburuak">Helburuak</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Helburuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Helburuak">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> Adimena simulatzeko (edo sortzeko) arazo orokorra azpi-arazoetan banatu da. Horiek ikertzaileek sistema adimendun batek bistaratzea espero duten ezaugarri edo gaitasun partikularrak dira. Jarraian deskribatutako ezaugarriek arreta gehien jaso dutenak dira, eta AA ikerketaren esparrua hartzen dute<a href="#cite_note-Problems_of_AI-15">[a]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrazoiketa,_arazoak_konpontzea">Arrazoiketa, arazoak konpontzea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arrazoiketa, arazoak konpontzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Arrazoiketa, arazoak konpontzea">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> Puzzleak ebazten dituztenean edo dedukzio logikoak egiten dituztenean gizakiek erabiltzen duten pausoz pausoko arrazonamendua imitatzen zuten algoritmoak garatu zituzten lehen ikertzaileek<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> 1980ko eta 1990eko hamarkadaren amaieran, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziurgabetasuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziurgabetasuna (sortu gabe)">ziurgabetasuna</a> edo informazio osatugabea lantzeko metodoak garatu ziren, <a href="/wiki/Probabilitatea" class="mw-redirect" title="Probabilitatea">probabilitatea</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia">ekonomia</a> kontzeptuak erabiliz<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a>. Algoritmo horietako asko ez dira nahikoak arrazoimen-arazo handiak ebazteko leherketa konbinatzailea jasaten dutelako: esponentzialki moteltzen zihoazen arazoak handitu ahala<a href="#cite_note-Intractability-18">[17]</a>. Gizakiek ere oso gutxitan erabiltzen dute AAren ikerketa goiztiarrek modelatu dezaketen urratsez urratseko dedukzioa. Arazo gehienak judizio azkarrak eta intuitiboak erabiliz ebazten dituzte<a href="#cite_note-Psychological_evidence_of_sub-symbolic_reasoning-19">[18]</a>. Arrazoiketa zehatza eta eraginkorra konpondu gabeko arazoa da. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ezagutzaren_irudikapena">Ezagutzaren irudikapena</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ezagutzaren irudikapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ezagutzaren irudikapena">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:General_Formal_Ontology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/General_Formal_Ontology.svg/220px-General_Formal_Ontology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/General_Formal_Ontology.svg/330px-General_Formal_Ontology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/General_Formal_Ontology.svg/440px-General_Formal_Ontology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Ontologiak ezagutza domeinu bateko kontzeptu multzo gisa eta kontzeptu horien arteko erlazioak adierazten du.</figcaption></figure> Ezagutzaren irudikapenak eta ezagutzaren ingeniaritzak<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> AA programek galderei modu adimentsuan erantzutea eta mundu errealeko gertakariei buruzko dedukzioak egitea ahalbidetzen dute. Ezagutza formalaren irudikapenak edukietan oinarritutako indexazio eta berreskurapenean erabiltzen dira<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmoliarZhang1994-21">[20]</a> eszenaren interpretazioan<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeumannMöller2008-22">[21]</a>, erabaki klinikoen laguntzan<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupermanReichleyBailey2006-23">[22]</a>, ezagutzaren aurkikuntzan (datu-base handietako inferentzia interesgarriak eta ekingarriak ateratzea)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGarry2005-24">[23]</a> eta beste arlo batzuetan<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertiniDel_BimboTorniai2006-25">[24]</a>. Ezagutza-oinarria programa batek erabil dezakeen forma batean irudikatzen den ezagutza-multzo bat da. Ontologia ezagutza-eremuak erabiltzen dituen objektu, erlazio, kontzeptu eta propietateen multzoa da<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021272-26">[25]</a>. Ezagutza oinarriek honako gauzak irudikatu behar dituzte: objektuak, propietateak, kategoriak eta objektuen arteko erlazioak<a href="#cite_note-Representing_categories_and_relations-27">[26]</a>; egoerak, gertaerak, aldarteak eta denbora<a href="#cite_note-Representing_time-28">[27]</a>; kausak eta ondorioak<a href="#cite_note-Representing_causation-29">[28]</a>; ezagutzari buruzko ezagutza (besteek dakigunari buruz dakiguna)<a href="#cite_note-Representing_knowledge_about_knowledge-30">[29]</a>; arrazoibide lehenetsia (gizakiak bere gain hartzen dituen gauzak egiazkoak dira bestela esan arte, eta egia izaten jarraituko dute beste gertakari batzuk aldatzen ari direnean ere)<a href="#cite_note-Default_reasoning_and_non-monotonic_logic-31">[30]</a>, eta beste hainbat alderdi eta jakintza-eremuak. Ezagutza irudikapenaren arazo zailenen artean, honako hauek dira: zentzu komunaren ezagutzaren zabalera (gertakari atomikoen ezagutza duen batezbesteko pertsona multzoa izugarria da)<a href="#cite_note-Breadth_of_commonsense_knowledge-32">[31]</a> eta zentzu arruntaren ezagutza gehienen forma azpisinbolikoa (jendeak dakienaren zati handi bat ez da hitzez adieraz ditzakeen gertakari edo adierazpen gisa adierazten), eta zentzu arruntaren ezagutza gehienen forma azpisinbolikoa (jendeak dakienaren zati handi bat ez da ahoz adieraz litezkeen "gertakari" edo "adierazpen" gisa irudikatuta)<a href="#cite_note-Psychological_evidence_of_sub-symbolic_reasoning-19">[18]</a>. Ezagutza eskuratzea AA aplikazioetarako, ezagutza lortzea da arazorik larriena<a href="#cite_note-33">[b]</a>. AA modernoak ezagutzak Interneten biltzen ditu (Wikipedia barne). Ezagutza bera informazioa argitaratu zuten boluntarioek eta profesionalek bildu zuten (bere lana AA enpresei ematea adostuta edo ez)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGertner2023-34">[32]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">Iturri kolektibo</a> teknika horrek ez du bermatzen ezagutza zuzena edo fidagarria denik. Hizkuntz eredu handien ezagutza (adibidez, <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">Chat-GPT</a>) ez da oso fidagarria, desinformazioa eta faltsukeriak ematen baititu (haluzinazio hitzez ezagutua). AA aplikazio moderno hauetarako, ezagutza zehatza ematea konpondu gabeko arazoa da. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plangintza_eta_erabakiak_hartzea">Plangintza eta erabakiak hartzea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Plangintza eta erabakiak hartzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Plangintza eta erabakiak hartzea">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> Agentea munduan ekintzak hautematen eta egiten dituen edozer da. Agente arrazionalak helburuak edo lehentasunak ditu, eta horiek gauzatzeko ekintzak egiten ditu<a href="#cite_note-35">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021528-36">[33]</a>. Plangintza automatizatuan, agenteak helburu zehatz bat du<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a>. Erabakiak hartzeko modu automatizatuan, agenteak lehentasunak ditu: egon nahiko lukeen egoera batzuk daude, eta saihestu nahiko lituzkeen egoera batzuk daude. Erabakiak hartzen duen agenteak egoera bakoitzari (erabilgarritasuna deitzen zaio) zenbaki bat esleitzen dio agenteak zenbat nahiago duen neurtzen duena. Ekintza posible bakoitzerako, «<a href="/wiki/Baliagarritasun_(ekonomia)" title="Baliagarritasun (ekonomia)">espero den erabilgarritasuna</a>» kalkula dezake: ekintzaren emaitza posible guztien erabilgarritasuna, emaitza gertatzeko probabilitatearen arabera haztatuta. Ondoren, espero den erabilgarritasun handiena duen ekintza aukera dezake<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a>. Plangintza klasikoan, agenteak badaki zehatz-mehatz zein izango den edozein ekintzaren eragina<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a>. Mundu errealeko arazo gehienetan, ordea, litekeena da agentea ziur ez izatea zein egoeratan dagoen (ezezaguna edo behatu ezina da) eta litekeena da ziur ez jakitea zer gertatuko den ekintza posible bakoitzaren ondoren (ez da determinista). Ekintza bat aukeratu behar du probabilitatezko asmakizun bat eginez, eta, ondoren, egoera berriro ebaluatu, ekintzak funtzionatu duen ikusteko<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a>. Arazo batzuetan, agentearen hobespenak zalantzazkoak izan daitezke, batez ere tartean dauden beste agente edo gizaki batzuk badaude. Horiek ikas daitezke (adibidez, alderantzizko errefortzuaren ikaskuntzarekin) edo agenteak informazioa bilatu dezake bere lehentasunak hobetzeko<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a>. Informazio-balioaren teoria esplorazio- edo esperimentazio-ekintzen balioa neurtzeko erabil daiteke<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a>. Etorkizuneko ekintzen eta egoeren espazioa ezinezkoa da normalean, beraz, eragileek ekintzak egin, eta egoerak ebaluatu behar dituzte azken emaitza zein izango den ziur egon gabe. Markov-en erabaki-prozesu batek ekintza jakin batek egoera modu jakin batean aldatzeko probabilitatea deskribatzen duen <a href="/wiki/Automata_finitu" title="Automata finitu">trantsizio-eredu</a> bat du, eta egoera bakoitzaren erabilgarritasuna eta ekintza bakoitzaren kostua ematen dituen sari-funtzioa. Politika batek erabaki bat egoera posible bakoitzarekin lotzen du. Politika kalkula liteke (adibidez, iterazio bidez); <a href="/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika">heuristikoa</a> izan daiteke, edo ikasi daiteke<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a>. Jokoen teoriak elkarreraginean dauden hainbat agenteren jokaera arrazionala deskribatzen du, eta beste agente batzuk inplikatzen dituzten erabakiak hartzen dituzten AA programetan erabiltzen da<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ikaskuntza">Ikaskuntza</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikaskuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ikaskuntza">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Ikasketa_automatikoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikasketa automatikoa">Ikasketa automatikoa</a>»</div> <a href="/wiki/Ikasketa_automatiko" title="Ikasketa automatiko">Ikasketa automatikoa</a> zeregin jakin batean beren errendimendua automatikoki hobetu dezaketen programen azterketa da<a href="#cite_note-machine_learning-45">[42]</a>. AAren parte izan da hasieratik<a href="#cite_note-48">[d]</a>. Ikaskuntza automatikoko hainbat mota daude. Gainbegiratu gabeko ikaskuntzak datu-jario bat aztertzen du; ereduak aurkitzen ditu, eta iragarpenak egiten ditu beste inongo orientaziorik gabe<a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a>. Gainbegiratutako ikaskuntzak gizaki batek sarrerako datuak etiketatu behar ditu lehenik, eta bi mota nagusitan daude: sailkapena (non programak sarrera zein kategoriari dagokion iragartzen ikasi behar duen) eta <a href="/wiki/Erregresio-analisi" title="Erregresio-analisi">erregresioa</a> (non programak zenbakizko sarreran oinarritutako funtzio numeriko bat ondorioztatu behar duen)<a href="#cite_note-Supervised_learning-50">[46]</a>. Indartze-ikaskuntzan, agentea erantzun onengatik saritzen da, eta txarengatik zigortzen da. Agenteak onak gisa sailkatutako erantzunak aukeratzen ikasten du<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a>. Transferentzia ikaskuntza arazo batetik lortutako ezagutza arazo berri bati aplikatzen zaionean da<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ikaskuntza_sakon" title="Ikaskuntza sakon">Ikaskuntza sakonak</a> <a href="/wiki/Neurona-sare_artifizial" title="Neurona-sare artifizial">neurona-sare artifizialak</a> erabiltzen ditu ikaskuntza mota guztietarako. Ikaskuntza konputazionalaren teoriak ikasleak konplexutasun konputazionalaren arabera ebalua ditzake, laginaren konplexutasunaren arabera (zenbat datu behar diren) edo beste <a href="/wiki/Optimizazio_(matematika)" title="Optimizazio (matematika)">optimizazio</a> nozio batzuen arabera<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm/220px-seek%3D13-Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="273" data-mwtitle="Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm/Ikusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIkusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm&lang=bn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bn" label="বাংলা ‪(bn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIkusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIkusgela-Hizkuntza_prozesamendua.webm&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela" title="Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu hemen klik eginez gero."><img alt="Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/40px-Ikusgela-logoa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/60px-Ikusgela-logoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/80px-Ikusgela-logoa.png 2x" data-file-width="3334" data-file-height="3334" /></a><figcaption>Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu hemen klik eginez gero.</figcaption></figure>Hizkuntza prozesamendu naturala: komunikazioaren iraultza?</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hizkuntza_naturalaren_prozesamendua">Hizkuntza naturalaren prozesamendua</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hizkuntza naturalaren prozesamendua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Hizkuntza naturalaren prozesamendua">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Lengoaia_naturalen_prozesamendua" class="mw-redirect" title="Lengoaia naturalen prozesamendua">Lengoaia naturalen prozesamendua</a>»</div> Arlo honetan sartzen dira: <ul><li>Hizkuntza idatzia ezagutzen duten sistemak, adibidez <a href="/wiki/Datu-base" title="Datu-base">datu-baseak</a> kontsultatzeko</li> <li>Ahozko hizkuntza jaso eta idazten duten sistemak</li> <li>Ahozko hizkuntzen bat-bateko itzulpen sistemak. Hauek oraindik ez daude hain aurreratuta.</li></ul> Pertsonek euren artean hitz egiterakoan, mezuaz gain beste hainbat ezagutza komun dituzte: ingurukoena. <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzaren_prozesamendu" title="Hizkuntzaren prozesamendu">Lengoaia naturalaren prozesamenduak</a> (NLP)<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> programak <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesa</a> moduko giza hizkuntzetan irakurtzeko, idazteko eta komunikatzeko aukera ematen du. Arazo zehatzak honako hauek dira: <a href="/wiki/Ahotsaren_ezagupena" title="Ahotsaren ezagupena">hizketa-ezagutzea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hizketaren_sintesi" title="Hizketaren sintesi">hizketa-sintesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itzulpengintza_automatiko" title="Itzulpengintza automatiko">itzulpen automatikoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Informazio_erauzketa" title="Informazio erauzketa">informazioa ateratzea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Informazioaren_berreskurapen" title="Informazioaren berreskurapen">informazioa berreskuratzea</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Galdera-erantzun_sistemak" title="Galdera-erantzun sistemak">galderei erantzutea</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a>. Hasierako lanek, <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomskyren</a> <a href="/wiki/Gramatika_sortzaile" title="Gramatika sortzaile">gramatika generatibo</a> eta sare semantikoetan oinarrituta, zailtasunak izan zituzten <a href="/wiki/Hitzen_adiera-desanbiguazioa" title="Hitzen adiera-desanbiguazioa">hitz-zentzua desanbiguatzeko</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[e]</a> mikro-mundu izeneko domeinu txikietara mugatu ezean (zentzu komunaren ezagutzaren arazoa dela eta<a href="#cite_note-Breadth_of_commonsense_knowledge-32">[31]</a>). NLPrako <a href="/wiki/Ikaskuntza_sakon" title="Ikaskuntza sakon">ikaskuntza sakoneko</a> teknika modernoak <a href="/wiki/Hitz-bektoreak" title="Hitz-bektoreak">hitzen barneratzea</a> (hitz bat bestearen ondoan zenbat maiz agertzen den)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021856–858-57">[52]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transformer_(ikasketa_automatikoko_eredua)" title="Transformer (ikasketa automatikoko eredua)">transformatzaileak</a> (testuan ereduak aurkitzen dituena)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021868–871-58">[53]</a> eta beste batzuk dira<a href="#cite_note-59">[54]</a>. 2019an, aurrez prestatutako eraldatzaile sortzaileak (edo GPT ingelesez) hizkuntza-ereduak testu koherentea sortzen hasi ziren<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVincent2019-60">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021875–878-61">[56]</a>, eta 2023rako eredu horiek giza-mailako puntuazioak lortu ahal izan zituzten barraren azterketan, SAT, GRE, eta mundu errealeko beste hainbat aplikaziotan<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBushwick2023-62">[57]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pertzepzioa">Pertzepzioa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Pertzepzioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Pertzepzioa">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> Makinen pertzepzioa sentsoreen (adibidez, kamerak, mikrofonoak, hari gabeko seinaleak, lidar aktiboa, sonarra, radarra eta ukimenezko sentsoreak) munduaren alderdiak ondorioztatzeko gaitasuna da. Ordenagailu bidezko ikusmena ikusizko sarrera aztertzeko gaitasuna da<a href="#cite_note-63">[58]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ikusmen_artifiziala">Ikusmen artifiziala</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikusmen artifiziala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Ikusmen artifiziala">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Ikusmen_artifizial" title="Ikusmen artifizial">Ikusmen artifizialaren</a> helburua formak eta objektuak identifikatzeko gai diren sistema batzuk garatzea da. Bi dimentsioetako arloan arrakasta batzuk lortu izan dira, baina zailtasun handiagoak daude 3D kasuan. Bere aplikazioa batez ere robotikan ematen da. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robotika">Robotika</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Robotika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Robotika">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">Robotak</a> osatzen dituzten sistemen ikasketa alde batetik, eta beste alde batetik, euren <a href="/wiki/Adimena" class="mw-redirect" title="Adimena">adimenarena</a>. Robot bat bere inguruko egoera identifikatu eta uneko egoera beste egoera objektibo batera pasatzeko gai den sistema bat da, horretarako zeregin batzuk planifikatzen. Oso konplexuak dira bai identifikazioa bai zereginen planifikazioa egoeraz aldatzeko. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistema_adituak">Sistema adituak</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sistema adituak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Sistema adituak">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Sistema_aditu" title="Sistema aditu">Sistema adituek</a> normalean gizaki adituek ebazten dituen problemak ebazten dituzte, etekin antzekoaz. Horretarako ezagupen basea handia behar dute eremuari buruz, mekanismo bat ezagupen horiek aplikatzeko eta beste bat erabiltzaileari azaltzeko zer egin den. Jakintza berria sistemara gehitzeko kapaz izan behar dute, eta baita ere lan egiteko nahiz eta jakintza osoa ez izan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Irakaskuntza">Irakaskuntza</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Irakaskuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Irakaskuntza">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> Zaila da aurreikustea adimen artifizialak zelako ekarpenak ekarriko dituen datozen urteotan gizakion ikaskuntza bideetan<a href="#cite_note-64">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[61]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oharrak">Oharrak</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Oharrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Oharrak">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Problems_of_AI-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Problems_of_AI_15-0">↑</a> Ezaugarri adimentsuen zerrenda hau AA testu-liburu nagusiek landutako gaietan oinarritzen da, besteak beste: (<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>), (<a href="#CITEREFLugerStubblefield2004">Luger & Stubblefield 2004</a>), (<a href="#CITEREFPooleMackworthGoebel1998">Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998</a>) and (<a href="#CITEREFNilsson1998">Nilsson 1998</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> Sistema adituek ezagutza atzemateko eraginkorrak ez zirela frogatu zuten arrazoien artean dago </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> Agente arrazionala <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia">ekonomian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofian</a> eta adimen artifizial teorikoan erabiltzen den termino orokorra da. Bere jokabidea helburuak betetzera bideratzen duen edozeri erreferentzia egin diezaioke, hala nola pertsona bati, animaliei, korporazio bati, nazio bati edo, AAren kasuan, programa informatiko bati. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a> discussed the centrality of learning as early as 1950, in his classic paper "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Computing_Machinery_and_Intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Computing Machinery and Intelligence (sortu gabe)">Computing Machinery and Intelligence</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuring1950-46">[43]</a> 1956an, Dartmouth AA jatorrizko udako konferentzian, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Solomonoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray Solomonoff (sortu gabe)">Ray Solomonoff</a>-ek gainbegiratu gabeko ikaskuntza automatiko probabilistikoari buruzko txosten bat idatzi zuen: An Inductive Inference Machine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomonoff1956-47">[44]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> See <a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Section_link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi:Section link (sortu gabe)">Txantiloi:Section link</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> 31eskutik. (2023-12-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://31eskutik.eus/2023/12/13/sigla-lexikalizatuak/">«Sigla lexikalizatuak»</a> 31 eskutik (Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-12-15). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCorduck2004204-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCorduck2004204_2-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcCorduck2004">McCorduck 2004</a>, 204 orr. . </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchank199138-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchank199138_3-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchank1991">Schank 1991</a>, 38 orr. . </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrevier1993109-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrevier1993109_4-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrevier1993">Crevier 1993</a>, 109 orr. . </li> <li id="cite_note-AI_in_the_80s-5"><a href="#cite_ref-AI_in_the_80s_5-0">↑</a> 1980ko hamarkadaren hasieran garatu ziren lehenengo proiektuak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifth_Generation_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fifth Generation Project (sortu gabe)">Fifth Generation Project</a> (Japonia), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alvey (sortu gabe)">Alvey</a> (Erresuma Batua), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microelectronics_and_Computer_Technology_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (sortu gabe)">Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation</a> (AEB), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Computing_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategic Computing Initiative (sortu gabe)">Strategic Computing Initiative</a> (AEB): <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFMcCorduck2004">McCorduck 2004</a>, 426–441 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFCrevier1993">Crevier 1993</a>, 161–162,197–203, 211, 240 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2003">Russell & Norvig 2003</a>, 24 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFNRC1999">NRC 1999</a>, 210–211 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFNewquist1994">Newquist 1994</a>, 235–248 orr. )</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2015b-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2015b_6-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFClark2015b">Clark 2015b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig20092-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig20092_7-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2009">, Russell & Norvig 2009</a>, 2 orr. . </li> <li id="cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Z4-1-8">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Z4-1_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-1ž7Z4-1_8-1">b</a> (Ingelesez) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181121191205/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681318301393">«Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence - ScienceDirect»</a> web.archive.org 2018-11-21 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-02-05). </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> Arruabarrena, Isabel Jaurena-Mikel P. Ansa- Jone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berria.eus/albisteak/226747/fikziotik-errealitatera.htm">«FIKZIOTIK ERREALITATERA»</a> Berria (Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-16). </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> Schank, Roger C. (1991). «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/download/917/835">Where's the AI</a>» (PDF). AI Magazine 12 (4): 38 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> (Gaztelaniaz) Ingelek. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/BibliotecaBasicaInformatica28InteligenciaArtificial">Biblioteca Basica Informatica 28 Inteligencia Artificial. </a> (Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-02-05). </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> (Gaztelaniaz)Rouhiainen, Lasse (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static0planetadelibroscom.cdnstatics.com/libros_contenido_extra/40/39308_Inteligencia_artificial.pdf">Inteligencia Artificial 101 cosas que debes saber hoy sobre nuestro futuro</a>. Alienta. 2021ean begiratua </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> (Gaztelaniaz)López Takeyas, Bruno. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220809083044/http://itnuevolaredo.edu.mx/takeyas/Articulos/Inteligencia%20Artificial/ARTICULO%20Introduccion%20a%20la%20Inteligencia%20Artificial.pdf">Introducción a la Inteligencia Artificial</a>» </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> (Ingelesez) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html">«Basic Questions»</a> www-formal.stanford.edu (Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-02-05). </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> Arazoak ebaztea, puzzleak ebaztea, jolasa eta dedukzioa: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 3–5)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 6) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Constraint_satisfaction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constraint satisfaction (sortu gabe)">constraint satisfaction</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFPooleMackworthGoebel1998">Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998</a>, chpt. 2,3,7,9)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFLugerStubblefield2004">Luger & Stubblefield 2004</a>, chpt. 3,4,6,8)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFNilsson1998">Nilsson 1998</a>, chpt. 7–12)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> Arrazoiketa ziurgabea: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 12–18)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFPooleMackworthGoebel1998">Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998</a>, 345–395 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFLugerStubblefield2004">Luger & Stubblefield 2004</a>, 333–381 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFNilsson1998">Nilsson 1998</a>, chpt. 7–12)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Intractability-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Intractability_18-0">↑</a> Trataezintasuna eta eraginkortasuna eta leherketa konbinatorioa: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 21 orr. )</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Psychological_evidence_of_sub-symbolic_reasoning-19">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Psychological_evidence_of_sub-symbolic_reasoning_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Psychological_evidence_of_sub-symbolic_reasoning_19-1">b</a> Prebalentziaren arrazonamendu eta ezagutza azpisinbolikoaren froga psikologikoak: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFKahneman2011">Kahneman 2011</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFDreyfusDreyfus1986">Dreyfus & Dreyfus 1986</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFWasonShapiro1966">Wason & Shapiro 1966</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFKahnemanSlovicTversky1982">Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky 1982</a>)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> Ezagutzaren irudikapena eta ezagutzaren ingeniaritza: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 10)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFPooleMackworthGoebel1998">Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998</a>, 23–46, 69–81, 169–233, 235–277, 281–298, 319–345 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFLugerStubblefield2004">Luger & Stubblefield 2004</a>, 227–243 orr. ),</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFNilsson1998">Nilsson 1998</a>, chpt. 17.1–17.4, 18)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmoliarZhang1994-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmoliarZhang1994_21-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmoliarZhang1994">Smoliar & Zhang 1994</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeumannMöller2008-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeumannMöller2008_22-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNeumannMöller2008">Neumann & Möller 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKupermanReichleyBailey2006-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKupermanReichleyBailey2006_23-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKupermanReichleyBailey2006">Kuperman, Reichley & Bailey 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGarry2005-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGarry2005_24-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcGarry2005">McGarry 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertiniDel_BimboTorniai2006-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertiniDel_BimboTorniai2006_25-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBertiniDel_BimboTorniai2006">Bertini, Del Bimbo & Torniai 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021272-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021272_26-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 272 orr. . </li> <li id="cite_note-Representing_categories_and_relations-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Representing_categories_and_relations_27-0">↑</a> Kategoriak eta erlazioak irudikatzea: Semantika sareak, <a href="/wiki/Deskribapen_logika" title="Deskribapen logika">Deskribapen logika</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herentzia_(informatika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herentzia (informatika) (sortu gabe)">herentzia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Markoa_(adimen_artifizial)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Markoa (adimen artifizial) (sortu gabe)">markoa</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gidoiaren_teoria_(adimen_artifizial)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gidoiaren teoria (adimen artifizial) (sortu gabe)">gidoia</a> barne): <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, §10.2 & 10.5),</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFPooleMackworthGoebel1998">Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998</a>, 174–177 orr. ),</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFLugerStubblefield2004">Luger & Stubblefield 2004</a>, 248–258 orr. ),</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFNilsson1998">Nilsson 1998</a>, chpt. 18.3)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Representing_time-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Representing_time_28-0">↑</a> Gertaerak eta denbora irudikatzea:Egoeraren kalkuluak, gertaeren kalkuluak, kalkulu arinak (marko arazoak konpontzea barne): <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, §10.3),</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFPooleMackworthGoebel1998">Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998</a>, 281–298 orr. ),</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFNilsson1998">Nilsson 1998</a>, chpt. 18.2)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Representing_causation-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Representing_causation_29-0">↑</a> Kalkulu kausala: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFPooleMackworthGoebel1998">Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998</a>, 335–337 orr. )</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Representing_knowledge_about_knowledge-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Representing_knowledge_about_knowledge_30-0">↑</a> Ezagutzaren inguruko ezagutzak irudikatzea: Sinesmen-kalkulua, logika modalak: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, §10.4),</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFPooleMackworthGoebel1998">Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998</a>, 275–277 orr. )</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Default_reasoning_and_non-monotonic_logic-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Default_reasoning_and_non-monotonic_logic_31-0">↑</a> Arrazoibide lehenetsia, marko arazoa, logika lehenetsia, logika ez monotonikoa, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zirkunskripzioa_(logika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zirkunskripzioa (logika) (sortu gabe)">zirkunskripzioa</a>, Mundu itxiaren suposizioa, arrazoibide abduktiboa: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, §10.6)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFPooleMackworthGoebel1998">Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998</a>, 248–256, 323–335 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFLugerStubblefield2004">Luger & Stubblefield 2004</a>, 335–363 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFNilsson1998">Nilsson 1998</a>, ~18.3.3)</li></ul> (Poolek abdukzioa arrazoimendu lehenetsiaren pean jartzen du. Lugerrek, berriz, hori arrazoiketa ziurgabearen pean jartzen du). </li> <li id="cite_note-Breadth_of_commonsense_knowledge-32">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Breadth_of_commonsense_knowledge_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breadth_of_commonsense_knowledge_32-1">b</a> Zentzu komunaren ezagutza zabala: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFLenatGuha1989">Lenat & Guha 1989</a>, Introduction)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFCrevier1993">Crevier 1993</a>, 113–114 orr. ),</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFMoravec1988">Moravec 1988</a>, 13 orr. ),</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 241, 385, 982 orr. ) (arazoen kualifikazioa)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGertner2023-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGertner2023_34-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGertner2023">Gertner 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021528-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021528_36-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 528 orr. . </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> Plangintza eta programazio automatizatua: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 11)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> Erabaki automatizatua, Erabakien teoria: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 16–18)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> Plangintza klasikoa: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, Section 11.2)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> Sentsorerik gabe edo konforme plangintza, planifikazio kontingentea, birplanifikazioa: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, Section 11.5)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> Hobespen ziurgabeak: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, Section 16.7)</li></ul> Indartze alderantzizko ikaskuntza: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, Section 22.6)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> Informazioaren balioaren teoria: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, Section 16.6)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> Markov-en erabaki prozesua: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 17)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <a href="/wiki/Joko-teoria" title="Joko-teoria">Jokoen teoria</a> eta eragile anitzeko erabakien teoria: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 18)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-machine_learning-45"><a href="#cite_ref-machine_learning_45-0">↑</a> <a href="/wiki/Ikasketa_automatiko" title="Ikasketa automatiko">Ikasketa automatikoa</a>: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 19–22)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFPooleMackworthGoebel1998">Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998</a>, 397–438 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFLugerStubblefield2004">Luger & Stubblefield 2004</a>, 385–542 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFNilsson1998">Nilsson 1998</a>, chpt. 3.3, 10.3, 17.5, 20)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuring1950-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuring1950_46-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTuring1950">Turing 1950</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomonoff1956-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomonoff1956_47-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSolomonoff1956">Solomonoff 1956</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> Gainbegiratu gabeko ikaskuntza: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 653 orr. ) (definizioa)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 738–740 orr. ) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kluster_azterketa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kluster azterketa (sortu gabe)">kluster azterketa</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 846–860 orr. ) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hitz_txertatzea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hitz txertatzea (sortu gabe)">hitz txertatzea</a>)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Supervised_learning-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Supervised_learning_50-0">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supervised_learning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supervised learning (sortu gabe)">Supervised learning</a>: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, §19.2) (Definizioa)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, Chpt. 19–20) (Teknikoak)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indartze_ikaskuntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indartze ikaskuntza (sortu gabe)">Indartze ikaskuntza</a>: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 22)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFLugerStubblefield2004">Luger & Stubblefield 2004</a>, 442–449 orr. )</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transferentzia_ikaskuntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transferentzia ikaskuntza (sortu gabe)">Transferentzia ikaskuntza</a>: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 281 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFThe_Economist2016">The Economist 2016</a>)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikaskuntza_konputazionalaren_teoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikaskuntza konputazionalaren teoria (sortu gabe)">Ikaskuntza konputazionalaren teoria</a>: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 672–674 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFJordanMitchell2015">Jordan & Mitchell 2015</a>)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lengoaia_naturalaren_prozesamendua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lengoaia naturalaren prozesamendua (sortu gabe)">Lengoaia naturalaren prozesamendua</a> (NLP): <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell, Norvig & 20 21</a>, chpt. 23–24)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFPooleMackworthGoebel1998">Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998</a>, 91–104 orr. )</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFLugerStubblefield2004">Luger & Stubblefield 2004</a>, 591–632 orr. )</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> Hizkuntza naturalaren prozesamenduaren azpiarazoak (NLP): <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 849–850 orr. )</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021856–858-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021856–858_57-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 856–858 orr. . </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021868–871-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021868–871_58-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 868–871 orr. . </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> [[Hizkuntza naturalaren prozesamenduari buruzko ikuspegi estatistiko eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lengoaiaren_prozesamendua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lengoaiaren prozesamendua (sortu gabe)">lengoaiaren prozesamendu</a> modernoak|NLP]]: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 24)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFCambriaWhite2014">Cambria & White 2014</a>)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVincent2019-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVincent2019_60-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFVincent2019">Vincent 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021875–878-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussellNorvig2021875–878_61-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, 875–878 orr. . </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBushwick2023-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBushwick2023_62-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBushwick2023">Bushwick 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <a href="/wiki/Ordenagailu_bidezko_ikusmena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordenagailu bidezko ikusmena">Ordenagailu bidezko ikusmena</a>: <ul><li>(<a href="#CITEREFRussellNorvig2021">Russell & Norvig 2021</a>, chpt. 25)</li> <li>(<a href="#CITEREFNilsson1998">Nilsson 1998</a>, chpt. 6)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> (Ingelesez) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://internethealthreport.org/2019/lets-ask-more-of-ai/">«Spotlight: Let's ask more of AI»</a> The Internet Health Report 2019 2019-03-13 (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-05-04). </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> (Ingelesez) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anatomyof.ai/">«Anatomy of an AI System»</a> Anatomy of an AI System (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-05-04). </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> (Ingelesez) Johnson, Eric. (2019-04-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/podcasts/2019/4/8/18299736/artificial-intelligence-ai-meredith-whittaker-kate-crawford-kara-swisher-decode-podcast-interview">«How will AI change your life? AI Now Institute founders Kate Crawford and Meredith Whittaker explain.»</a> Vox podcasts (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-05-04). </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bibliografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AA_testu-liburuak">AA testu-liburuak</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «AA testu-liburuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: AA testu-liburuak">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> 2023an gehien erabiltzen diren bi testuliburuak (Ikus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.opensyllabus.org/result/field?id=Computer+Science">Programa Irekia</a>) dira: <ul><li> (Ingelesez) Russell, Stuart J; Norvig, Peter. (2021). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4. ed.. Pearson, Hoboken <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0134610993" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0134610993">978-0134610993</a>.. LCCN 20190474</li> <li> (Ingelesez) Rich, Elaine; Knight, Kevin; Nair, Shivashankar B. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artificialintell0000kevi">Artificial Intelligence. </a> (3.. argitaraldia) Tata McGraw Hill India (New Delhi) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0070087705" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0070087705">978-0070087705</a>..</li></ul> Hauek izan ziren 2008an gehien erabili ziren lau AA testu-liburuak: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8009455">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li> Luger, George; Stubblefield, William. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artificialintell0000luge">Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving. </a> Benjamin/Cummings <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-8053-4780-7" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-8053-4780-7">978-0-8053-4780-7</a>..</li> <li> Nilsson, Nils. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artificialintell0000nils">Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis. </a> Morgan Kaufmann <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-55860-467-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-55860-467-4">978-1-55860-467-4</a>..</li> <li> Russell, Stuart J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artificialintell0000russ_f6n5">Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. </a> Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0137903952" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-13-790395-2</a>.</li> <li> Poole, David; Mackworth, Alan; Goebel, Randy. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/computationalint00pool">Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach. </a> Oxford University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-19-510270-3" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-19-510270-3">978-0-19-510270-3</a>..</li></ul> Ondorengo edizioak. Poole, David; Mackworth, Alan. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artint.info/index.html">Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents. </a> Cambridge University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-107-19539-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-107-19539-4">978-1-107-19539-4</a>.. </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AAren_historia">AAren historia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «AAren historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: AAren historia">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8009455"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li> Newquist, HP. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brainmakers0000newq">The Brain Makers: Genius, Ego, And Greed In The Quest For Machines That Think. </a> Macmillan/SAMS <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-672-30412-5" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-672-30412-5">978-0-672-30412-5</a>..</li> <li> Nilsson, Nils. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/questforartifici0000nils">The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements. </a> Cambridge University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-521-12293-1" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-521-12293-1">978-0-521-12293-1</a>..</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beste_iturri_batzuk">Beste iturri batzuk</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Beste iturri batzuk»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Beste iturri batzuk">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8009455"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li> Urbina, Fabio; Lentzos, Filippa; Invernizzi, Cédric; Ekins, Sean. (7 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=9544280">«Dual use of artificial-intelligence-powered drug discovery»</a> Nature Machine Intelligence: 189–191.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42256-022-00465-9">10.1038/s42256-022-00465-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36211133">36211133</a>..</li> <li> Rose, Steve. (11 July 2023). «AI Utopia or dystopia?» <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Guardian_Weekly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Guardian Weekly (sortu gabe)">The Guardian Weekly</a>: 42–43..</li> <li> Grant, Nico; Hill, Kashmir. (May 22, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/22/technology/ai-photo-labels-google-apple.html">«Google's Photo App Still Can't Find Gorillas. And Neither Can Apple's.»</a> The New York Times.</li> <li> (Ingelesez) Berdahl, Carl Thomas; Baker, Lawrence; Mann, Sean; Osoba, Osonde; Girosi, Federico. (7 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ai.jmir.org/2023/1/e42936">«Strategies to Improve the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Health Equity: Scoping Review»</a> JMIR AI: e42936.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2196%2F42936">10.2196/42936</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2817-1705">2817-1705</a>..</li> <li> Dockrill, Peter. (27 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/robots-with-flawed-ai-make-sexist-racist-and-toxic-decisions-experiment-shows">Robots With Flawed AI Make Sexist And Racist Decisions, Experiment Shows. </a>.</li> <li> Ustun, B.; Rudin, C.. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-015-5528-6">«Supersparse linear integer models for optimized medical scoring systems.»</a> Machine Learning: 349–391.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10994-015-5528-6">10.1007/s10994-015-5528-6</a>..</li> <li> Schmidhuber, Jürgen. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.idsia.ch/~juergen/">Annotated History of Modern AI and Deep Learning. </a>.</li> <li> Chen, Stephen. (25 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2157223/artificial-intelligence-immune-fear-or-favour-helping-make">Artificial intelligence, immune to fear or favour, is helping to make China's foreign policy | South China Morning Post. </a>.</li> <li> Vogels, Emily A.. (24 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/24/a-majority-of-americans-have-heard-of-chatgpt-but-few-have-tried-it-themselves/">«A majority of Americans have heard of ChatGPT, but few have tried it themselves»</a> Pew Research Center.</li> <li> (Ingelesez) Kobielus, James. (27 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informationweek.com/ai-or-machine-learning/gpus-continue-to-dominate-the-ai-accelerator-market-for-now">«GPUs Continue to Dominate the AI Accelerator Market for Now»</a> InformationWeek.</li> <li> Gertner, Jon. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/18/magazine/wikipedia-ai-chatgpt.html">«Wikipedia's Moment of Truth – Can the online encyclopedia help teach A.I. chatbots to get their facts right — without destroying itself in the process? + comment»</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</li> <li> Hornik, Kurt; Stinchcombe, Maxwell; White, Halbert. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cognitivemedium.com/magic_paper/assets/Hornik.pdf">«Multilayer Feedforward Netlanas are Universal Approximators»</a> Neural Netlanas (Pergamon Press): 359–366..</li> <li> Cybenko, G.. (1988). Continuous valued neural netlanas with two hidden layers are sufficient. Department of Computer Science, Tufts University.</li> <li> Good, I. J.. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exhibits.stanford.edu/feigenbaum/catalog/gz727rg3869">Speculations Concerning the izena Ultraintelligent Machine. </a>.</li> <li> Wong, Matteo. (19 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/05/ai-advancements-multimodal-models/674113/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=atlantic-daily-newsletter&utm_content=20230519&utm_term=The%20Atlantic%20Daily">ChatGPT Is Already Obsolete. </a>.</li> <li> Christian, Brian. (2020). <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Alignment_Problem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Alignment Problem (sortu gabe)">The Alignment Problem</a>: Machine learning and human values. W. W. Norton & Company <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-393-86833-3" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-393-86833-3">978-0-393-86833-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1233266753">.1233266753</a>.</li> <li> DiFeliciantonio, Chase. (3 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/tech/article/ai-artificial-intelligence-report-stanford-17869558.php">«AI has already changed the world. This report shows how»</a> San Francisco Chronicle.</li> <li> (Ingelesez) Goswami, Rohan. (5 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/05/ai-jobs-see-the-state-by-state-data-from-a-stanford-study.html">«Here's where the A.I. jobs are»</a> CNBC.</li> <li> Nilsson, Nils. 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Introduced <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deep_Q-learning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deep Q-learning (sortu gabe)">DQN</a>, which produced human-level performance on some Atari games.</li> <li>Eka Roivainen, "AI's IQ: <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a> aced a [standard intelligence] test but showed that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelligence (sortu gabe)">intelligence</a> cannot be measured by <a href="/w/index.php?title=IQ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IQ (sortu gabe)">IQ</a> alone", <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>, vol. 329, no. 1 (July/August 2023), p. 7. "Despite its high IQ, <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a> fails at tasks that require real humanlike reasoning or an understanding of the physical and social world.... ChatGPT seemed unable to reason logically and tried to rely on its vast database of... facts derived from online texts."</li> <li> Serenko, Alexander. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aserenko.com/papers/JOI_AI_egunkaria_Ranking_Serenko.pdf">«Comparing the expert survey and erreferentzia impact egunkaria ranking methods: Example from the field of Artificial Intelligence»</a> egunkaria of Informetrics: 629–49.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.joi.2011.06.002">10.1016/j.joi.2011.06.002</a>..[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia">Betiko hautsitako esteka</a>]</li> <li> Silver, David; Huang, Aja; Maddison, Chris J.; Guez, Arthur; Sifre, Laurent; van den Driessche, George; Schrittwieser, Julian; Antonoglou, Ioannis et al.. (28 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16961">«Mastering the game of Go with deep neural netlanas and tree search»</a> Nature: 484–489.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature16961">10.1038/nature16961</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26819042">26819042</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Natur.529..484S">2016Natur.529..484S</a>..</li> <li>Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar et al. "Attention is all you need." Advances in neural information processing systems 30 (2017). Seminal paper on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transformer_(machine_learning_model)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transformer (machine learning model) (sortu gabe)">transformers</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera">Ikus, gainera</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">aldatu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera">aldatu iturburu kodea</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neurona-sare_artifizial" title="Neurona-sare artifizial">Neurona-sare artifizial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konputazio_kuantiko" title="Konputazio kuantiko">Konputazio kuantiko</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adimen_artifizial&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo 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