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FcRn also mediates vectorial transport of IgG across certain... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30038171" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Steady-state levels of IgG in the blood of adult mice, and likely all mammals, depend on IgG catabolism mediated in part by the MHC class I-related Fc receptor, FcRn (1). FcRn also mediates vectorial transport of IgG across certain epithelial barriers. In suckling mice and rats, intestinal absorption of maternal IgG from breast milk into the systemic circulation depends on FcRn (2). In humans, maternofetal transfer of IgG across the placenta also likely depends on FcRn (3). Thus, FcRn plays critical and well-documented roles in the regulation of IgG metabolism in adults and in the acquisition of humoral immunity in early life. 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disabilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_disabilities?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":151973,"name":"Seychelles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seychelles?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":243629,"name":"Lancet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lancet?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":314868,"name":"Seafood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seafood?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":570860,"name":"Food Contamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Contamination?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1030680,"name":"Mercury Poisoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercury_Poisoning?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1878977,"name":"Maternal 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gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_gland?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":135186,"name":"Colloids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colloids?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":141399,"name":"Thyroxine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroxine?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":141400,"name":"Thyroid Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_Hormones?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":207455,"name":"Peromyscus Maniculatus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peromyscus_Maniculatus?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":540313,"name":"Peromyscus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peromyscus?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":955937,"name":"Quaternary Ammonium Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quaternary_Ammonium_Compounds?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1341094,"name":"Tissue Fixation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_Fixation?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67694717" data-work_id="67694717" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67694717/_Childhood_infection_and_endothelial_dysfunction_a_potential_synergistic_link_in_atherosclerosis_">[Childhood infection and endothelial dysfunction: a potential synergistic link in atherosclerosis]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The prodromal stage of atherosclerotic lesions is already formed during human fetal development. The presence of infections during childhood may increase synergistically the progression of atherogenesis. After delivery, especially those... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67694717" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The prodromal stage of atherosclerotic lesions is already formed during human fetal development. The presence of infections during childhood may increase synergistically the progression of atherogenesis. After delivery, especially those children exposed to severe maternal hypercholesterolemia should be followed up for the onset and development of acute and chronic infections and be included in clinical and noninvasive examinations of vascular function.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67694717" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e91e1a5995cd915fa457c98e5f87629e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78424304,"asset_id":67694717,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78424304/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68165310" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OrlandoPignalosa">Orlando Pignalosa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68165310" type="text/json">{"id":68165310,"first_name":"Orlando","last_name":"Pignalosa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OrlandoPignalosa","display_name":"Orlando Pignalosa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OrlandoPignalosa?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68165310/25902355/24558871/s65_orlando.pignalosa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67694717 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67694717"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67694717, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67694717", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67694717]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67694717").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67694717").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67694717"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atherosclerosis">Atherosclerosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8015" type="text/json">{"id":8015,"name":"Atherosclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atherosclerosis?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43162" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_development">Fetal development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43162" type="text/json">{"id":43162,"name":"Fetal development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_development?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67694717]'), work: {"id":67694717,"title":"[Childhood infection and endothelial dysfunction: a potential synergistic link in atherosclerosis]","created_at":"2022-01-09T11:22:07.561-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67694717/_Childhood_infection_and_endothelial_dysfunction_a_potential_synergistic_link_in_atherosclerosis_?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_67694717","summary":"The prodromal stage of atherosclerotic lesions is already formed during human fetal development. The presence of infections during childhood may increase synergistically the progression of atherogenesis. After delivery, especially those children exposed to severe maternal hypercholesterolemia should be followed up for the onset and development of acute and chronic infections and be included in clinical and noninvasive examinations of vascular function.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78424304,"asset_id":67694717,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68165310,"first_name":"Orlando","last_name":"Pignalosa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OrlandoPignalosa","display_name":"Orlando Pignalosa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OrlandoPignalosa?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68165310/25902355/24558871/s65_orlando.pignalosa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8015,"name":"Atherosclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atherosclerosis?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":43162,"name":"Fetal development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_development?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":109739,"name":"Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":130343,"name":"Hypercholesterolemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypercholesterolemia?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":138877,"name":"Vascular endothelium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_endothelium?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":515070,"name":"Circulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circulation?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":3789879,"name":"Cardiovascular medicine and haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_medicine_and_haematology?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18835834" data-work_id="18835834" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18835834/The_effects_of_mifepristone_on_cervical_ripening_and_labor_induction_in_primigravidae">The effects of mifepristone on cervical ripening and labor induction in primigravidae</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To compare the effects of 50 mg or 200 mg of oral mifepristone with placebo on cervical ripening and induction of labor in primigravid women at term with unfavorable cervices. This was a double-blind study in which 80 primigravidae at... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18835834" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To compare the effects of 50 mg or 200 mg of oral mifepristone with placebo on cervical ripening and induction of labor in primigravid women at term with unfavorable cervices. This was a double-blind study in which 80 primigravidae at term with a modified Bishop score of 4 or less were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. They were assessed at 24-hour intervals for 72 hours, after which labor was induced if it had not occurred spontaneously. Two hundred milligrams of mifepristone resulted in a favorable cervix (with a Bishop score greater than 6 or in spontaneous labor) in significantly more women than placebo (P = .01). An improvement in cervical ripening was seen in the group given 50 mg of mifepristone, but this was not statistically significant. There were more cesarean deliveries performed for fetal distress in the group treated with 200 mg of mifepristone than placebo, but this was not statistically significant and was not associated with any differences between groups in terms of neonatal outcome. Mifepristone, a progesterone antagonist, is known to cause softening and dilation of the human early pregnant cervix and an increase in uterine activity. It is theoretically attractive for use as an adjunct in cervical priming and labor induction. In this study, 200 mg of mifepristone was significantly more likely to result in a favorable cervix than placebo.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18835834" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bcd8477038d4da4fa772601007ac4d24" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42133250,"asset_id":18835834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42133250/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38935081" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElliottCatherine">Catherine Elliott</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38935081" type="text/json">{"id":38935081,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Elliott","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElliottCatherine","display_name":"Catherine Elliott","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElliottCatherine?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18835834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18835834"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18835834, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18835834", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18835834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18835834; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18835834"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18835834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18835834"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18835834; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18835834]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18835834").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18835834").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18835834"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstetrics_Gynecology">Obstetrics Gynecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="113441" type="text/json">{"id":113441,"name":"Obstetrics Gynecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstetrics_Gynecology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="116895" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoglycemia">Hypoglycemia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="116895" type="text/json">{"id":116895,"name":"Hypoglycemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoglycemia?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18835834]'), work: {"id":18835834,"title":"The effects of mifepristone on cervical ripening and labor induction in primigravidae","created_at":"2015-11-22T22:17:53.842-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18835834/The_effects_of_mifepristone_on_cervical_ripening_and_labor_induction_in_primigravidae?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_18835834","summary":"To compare the effects of 50 mg or 200 mg of oral mifepristone with placebo on cervical ripening and induction of labor in primigravid women at term with unfavorable cervices. This was a double-blind study in which 80 primigravidae at term with a modified Bishop score of 4 or less were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. They were assessed at 24-hour intervals for 72 hours, after which labor was induced if it had not occurred spontaneously. Two hundred milligrams of mifepristone resulted in a favorable cervix (with a Bishop score greater than 6 or in spontaneous labor) in significantly more women than placebo (P = .01). An improvement in cervical ripening was seen in the group given 50 mg of mifepristone, but this was not statistically significant. There were more cesarean deliveries performed for fetal distress in the group treated with 200 mg of mifepristone than placebo, but this was not statistically significant and was not associated with any differences between groups in terms of neonatal outcome. Mifepristone, a progesterone antagonist, is known to cause softening and dilation of the human early pregnant cervix and an increase in uterine activity. It is theoretically attractive for use as an adjunct in cervical priming and labor induction. In this study, 200 mg of mifepristone was significantly more likely to result in a favorable cervix than placebo.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42133250,"asset_id":18835834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38935081,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Elliott","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElliottCatherine","display_name":"Catherine Elliott","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElliottCatherine?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":113441,"name":"Obstetrics Gynecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstetrics_Gynecology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":116895,"name":"Hypoglycemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypoglycemia?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13974087" data-work_id="13974087" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13974087/Limb_reduction_defects_in_humans_associated_with_prenatal_isotretinoin_exposure">Limb reduction defects in humans associated with prenatal isotretinoin exposure</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Retinoic acid has long been used to induce limb reductions defects in experimental animal studies. No limb malformations, however, have been reported among malformed retinoic acid-exposed human fetuses from case reports o r epidemiologic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13974087" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Retinoic acid has long been used to induce limb reductions defects in experimental animal studies. No limb malformations, however, have been reported among malformed retinoic acid-exposed human fetuses from case reports o r epidemiologic studies. We report a child and a fetus with limb reduction malformations following maternal use of isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) during the first trimester of pregnancy. The child had a unilaterally absent clavicle and nearly absent scapula, with a short humerus and short, synostotic forearm bones. He also had ventriculomegaly and developmental delay, minor dysmorphic facial features, and a short sternum with a sterno-umbilical raphe. The fetus had a unilaterally absent thumb with normal proximal bony structures. Other findings included hydrocephalus, craniofacial anomalies, thymic agenesis, supracristal ventricular septa1 defect, single umbilical artery, anal and vaginal atresia, and urethral agenesis with dysplastic, multicystic kidneys. Although the limb malformations were quite dissimilar, a number of anomalies that are frequently found among isotretinoin-exposed fetuseslinfants were present in both cases. This increases the probability that retinoic acid caused these limb defects, but a causal association cannot be conclusively drawn on the basis of these two retrospective case reports.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13974087" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1f1d75af54a416ff1bafc95f4c3c971" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44747627,"asset_id":13974087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44747627/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33020789" href="https://unict.academia.edu/RenataRizzo">Renata Rizzo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33020789" type="text/json">{"id":33020789,"first_name":"Renata","last_name":"Rizzo","domain_name":"unict","page_name":"RenataRizzo","display_name":"Renata Rizzo","profile_url":"https://unict.academia.edu/RenataRizzo?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13974087 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13974087"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13974087, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13974087", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13974087]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13974087").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13974087").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13974087"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teratology">Teratology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4906" type="text/json">{"id":4906,"name":"Teratology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teratology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrocephalus">Hydrocephalus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60974" type="text/json">{"id":60974,"name":"Hydrocephalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrocephalus?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71294" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney">Kidney</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71294" type="text/json">{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13974087]'), work: {"id":13974087,"title":"Limb reduction defects in humans associated with prenatal isotretinoin exposure","created_at":"2015-07-13T00:47:13.006-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13974087/Limb_reduction_defects_in_humans_associated_with_prenatal_isotretinoin_exposure?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_13974087","summary":"Retinoic acid has long been used to induce limb reductions defects in experimental animal studies. No limb malformations, however, have been reported among malformed retinoic acid-exposed human fetuses from case reports o r epidemiologic studies. We report a child and a fetus with limb reduction malformations following maternal use of isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) during the first trimester of pregnancy. The child had a unilaterally absent clavicle and nearly absent scapula, with a short humerus and short, synostotic forearm bones. He also had ventriculomegaly and developmental delay, minor dysmorphic facial features, and a short sternum with a sterno-umbilical raphe. The fetus had a unilaterally absent thumb with normal proximal bony structures. Other findings included hydrocephalus, craniofacial anomalies, thymic agenesis, supracristal ventricular septa1 defect, single umbilical artery, anal and vaginal atresia, and urethral agenesis with dysplastic, multicystic kidneys. Although the limb malformations were quite dissimilar, a number of anomalies that are frequently found among isotretinoin-exposed fetuseslinfants were present in both cases. This increases the probability that retinoic acid caused these limb defects, but a causal association cannot be conclusively drawn on the basis of these two retrospective case reports.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44747627,"asset_id":13974087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33020789,"first_name":"Renata","last_name":"Rizzo","domain_name":"unict","page_name":"RenataRizzo","display_name":"Renata Rizzo","profile_url":"https://unict.academia.edu/RenataRizzo?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4906,"name":"Teratology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teratology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":60974,"name":"Hydrocephalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrocephalus?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":119116,"name":"Clavicle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clavicle?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":128538,"name":"Arm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arm?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":564714,"name":"Isotretinoin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isotretinoin?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":770944,"name":"Fetus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetus?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53160292 coauthored" data-work_id="53160292" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53160292/Effects_of_dietary_mixtures_of_amino_acids_on_fetal_growth_and_maternal_and_fetal_amino_acid_pools_in_experimental_maternal_phenylketonuria">Effects of dietary mixtures of amino acids on fetal growth and maternal and fetal amino acid pools in experimental maternal phenylketonuria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Branched-chain amino acids have been reported to improve fetal brain development in a rat model in which maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) is induced by the inclusion of an inhibitor of phenylalanine hydroxylase, DL-p-chlorophenylalanine,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53160292" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Branched-chain amino acids have been reported to improve fetal brain development in a rat model in which maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) is induced by the inclusion of an inhibitor of phenylalanine hydroxylase, DL-p-chlorophenylalanine, and L-phenylalanine in the diet. We studied whether a dietary mixture of several large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) would improve fetal brain growth and normalize the fetal brain amino acid profile in a rat model of maternal PKU induced by DL-alpha-methylphenylalanine (AMPhe). Long-Evans rats were fed a basal diet or a similar diet containing 0.5% AMPhe + 3.0% L-phenylalanine (AMPhe + Phe diet) from day 11 until day 20 of gestation in experiments to test various mixtures of LNAAs. Maternal weight gains and food intakes to day 20, fetal body and brain weights at day 20, and fetal brain and fetal and maternal plasma amino acid concentrations at day 20 were measured. Concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine in fetal brain and in maternal and fetal pla...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53160292" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0653322106ff5acaa6600891518e206e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70078268,"asset_id":53160292,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70078268/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40948447" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardAustic">Richard Austic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40948447" type="text/json">{"id":40948447,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Austic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardAustic","display_name":"Richard Austic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardAustic?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-53160292">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-53160292"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cornell.academia.edu/DavidLevitsky">David Levitsky</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-53160292'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-53160292').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53160292 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53160292"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53160292, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53160292", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53160292 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53160292; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53160292"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53160292 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53160292"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53160292; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53160292]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53160292").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53160292").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53160292"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet">Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9478" type="text/json">{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53160292]'), work: {"id":53160292,"title":"Effects of dietary mixtures of amino acids on fetal growth and maternal and fetal amino acid pools in experimental maternal phenylketonuria","created_at":"2021-09-21T14:06:08.448-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53160292/Effects_of_dietary_mixtures_of_amino_acids_on_fetal_growth_and_maternal_and_fetal_amino_acid_pools_in_experimental_maternal_phenylketonuria?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_53160292","summary":"Branched-chain amino acids have been reported to improve fetal brain development in a rat model in which maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) is induced by the inclusion of an inhibitor of phenylalanine hydroxylase, DL-p-chlorophenylalanine, and L-phenylalanine in the diet. We studied whether a dietary mixture of several large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) would improve fetal brain growth and normalize the fetal brain amino acid profile in a rat model of maternal PKU induced by DL-alpha-methylphenylalanine (AMPhe). Long-Evans rats were fed a basal diet or a similar diet containing 0.5% AMPhe + 3.0% L-phenylalanine (AMPhe + Phe diet) from day 11 until day 20 of gestation in experiments to test various mixtures of LNAAs. Maternal weight gains and food intakes to day 20, fetal body and brain weights at day 20, and fetal brain and fetal and maternal plasma amino acid concentrations at day 20 were measured. Concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine in fetal brain and in maternal and fetal pla...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70078268,"asset_id":53160292,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40948447,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Austic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardAustic","display_name":"Richard Austic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardAustic?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32527436,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Levitsky","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"DavidLevitsky","display_name":"David Levitsky","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/DavidLevitsky?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32527436/140409850/129895036/s65_david.levitsky.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":382339,"name":"Phenylalanine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenylalanine?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":564878,"name":"Body Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Weight?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":981291,"name":"Brain Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Chemistry?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":3298155,"name":"Pregnancy complications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy_complications?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51446802" data-work_id="51446802" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51446802/Assessment_of_the_safety_of_antimalarial_drug_use_during_early_pregnancy_ASAP_protocol_for_a_multicenter_prospective_cohort_study_in_Burkina_Faso_Kenya_and_Mozambique">Assessment of the safety of antimalarial drug use during early pregnancy (ASAP): protocol for a multicenter prospective cohort study in Burkina Faso, Kenya and Mozambique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: A major unresolved safety concern for malaria case management is the use of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) in the first trimester of pregnancy. There is a need for human data to inform policy makers and treatment... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51446802" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: A major unresolved safety concern for malaria case management is the use of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) in the first trimester of pregnancy. There is a need for human data to inform policy makers and treatment guidelines on the safety of artemisinin combination therapies (ACT) when used during early pregnancy. Methods: The overall goal of this paper is to describe the methods and implementation of a study aimed at developing surveillance systems for identifying exposures to antimalarials during early pregnancy and for monitoring pregnancy outcomes using health and demographic surveillance platforms. This was a multi-center prospective observational cohort study involving women at health and demographic surveillance sites in three countries in Africa: Burkina Faso, Kenya and Mozambique [(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01232530)]. The study was designed to identify pregnant women with artemisinin exposure in the first trimester and compare them to: 1) pregnant women without malaria, 2) pregnant women treated for malaria, but exposed to other antimalarials, and 3) pregnant women with malaria and treated with artemisinins in the 2nd or 3rd trimesters from the same settings. Pregnant women were recruited through community-based surveys and attendance at health facilities, including antenatal care clinics and followed until delivery. Data from the three sites will be pooled for analysis at the end of the study. Results are forthcoming. Discussion: Despite few limitations, the methods described here are relevant to the development of sustainable pharmacovigilance systems for drugs used by pregnant women in the tropics using health and demographic surveillance sites to prospectively ascertain drug safety in early pregnancy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51446802" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2613b9c500b14c602d38e60500cb64a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69168772,"asset_id":51446802,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69168772/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25715775" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OrvalhoAugusto">Orvalho Augusto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25715775" type="text/json">{"id":25715775,"first_name":"Orvalho","last_name":"Augusto","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OrvalhoAugusto","display_name":"Orvalho Augusto","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OrvalhoAugusto?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25715775/7033559/7928583/s65_orvalho.augusto.jpg_oh_6e3db9607cb487b2ee62528f336b52a7_oe_555a19b4___gda___1431605291_b8672b7c2cea735f10e0ea327f121622"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51446802 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51446802"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51446802, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51446802", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51446802]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51446802").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51446802").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51446802"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design">Research Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2066" type="text/json">{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10829" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacovigilance">Pharmacovigilance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10829" type="text/json">{"id":10829,"name":"Pharmacovigilance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacovigilance?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62112" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies">Prospective studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62112" type="text/json">{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51446802]'), work: {"id":51446802,"title":"Assessment of the safety of antimalarial drug use during early pregnancy (ASAP): protocol for a multicenter prospective cohort study in Burkina Faso, Kenya and Mozambique","created_at":"2021-09-07T13:43:17.835-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51446802/Assessment_of_the_safety_of_antimalarial_drug_use_during_early_pregnancy_ASAP_protocol_for_a_multicenter_prospective_cohort_study_in_Burkina_Faso_Kenya_and_Mozambique?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_51446802","summary":"Background: A major unresolved safety concern for malaria case management is the use of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) in the first trimester of pregnancy. There is a need for human data to inform policy makers and treatment guidelines on the safety of artemisinin combination therapies (ACT) when used during early pregnancy. Methods: The overall goal of this paper is to describe the methods and implementation of a study aimed at developing surveillance systems for identifying exposures to antimalarials during early pregnancy and for monitoring pregnancy outcomes using health and demographic surveillance platforms. This was a multi-center prospective observational cohort study involving women at health and demographic surveillance sites in three countries in Africa: Burkina Faso, Kenya and Mozambique [(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01232530)]. The study was designed to identify pregnant women with artemisinin exposure in the first trimester and compare them to: 1) pregnant women without malaria, 2) pregnant women treated for malaria, but exposed to other antimalarials, and 3) pregnant women with malaria and treated with artemisinins in the 2nd or 3rd trimesters from the same settings. Pregnant women were recruited through community-based surveys and attendance at health facilities, including antenatal care clinics and followed until delivery. Data from the three sites will be pooled for analysis at the end of the study. Results are forthcoming. Discussion: Despite few limitations, the methods described here are relevant to the development of sustainable pharmacovigilance systems for drugs used by pregnant women in the tropics using health and demographic surveillance sites to prospectively ascertain drug safety in early pregnancy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69168772,"asset_id":51446802,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25715775,"first_name":"Orvalho","last_name":"Augusto","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OrvalhoAugusto","display_name":"Orvalho Augusto","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OrvalhoAugusto?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25715775/7033559/7928583/s65_orvalho.augusto.jpg_oh_6e3db9607cb487b2ee62528f336b52a7_oe_555a19b4___gda___1431605291_b8672b7c2cea735f10e0ea327f121622"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":10829,"name":"Pharmacovigilance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacovigilance?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":71104,"name":"Reproductive health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_health?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":196189,"name":"Sample Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Size?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":797418,"name":"Gestational Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestational_Age?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1011136,"name":"Clinical Protocols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Protocols?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1355491,"name":"Pregnancy Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy_Outcome?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2943594,"name":"Patient selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_selection?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66983865" data-work_id="66983865" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66983865/Managing_passively_acquired_autoimmune_neonatal_neutropenia_a_case_study">Managing passively acquired autoimmune neonatal neutropenia: a case study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pregnant women with autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) and circulating neutrophil-specific autoantibodies can deliver neutropenic neonates at risk of sepsis. We report the case of a woman who had two such pregnancies. The woman had been on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66983865" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pregnant women with autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) and circulating neutrophil-specific autoantibodies can deliver neutropenic neonates at risk of sepsis. We report the case of a woman who had two such pregnancies. The woman had been on prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment, but this was ceased prior to conception in both pregnancies. In the first pregnancy, there was no monitoring or interventions, and the neonate was neutropenic and required intensive care treatment. In the second pregnancy, the maternal neutrophil autoantibody level was monitored, and G-CSF treatment was introduced in the third trimester. The second infant had no neutropenia at delivery and an excellent Apgar score. We discuss the management strategy in the second pregnancy that included monitoring of serial titres of the maternal autoantibody and the introduction of G-CSF in the third trimester, which may have contributed to a more favourable clinical outcome. This may assist other clinicians faced with similar dilemmas in the future.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66983865" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa9fad4965230dba1d4045feca010ca5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77975299,"asset_id":66983865,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77975299/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32716167" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YokeFung">Yoke Fung</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32716167" type="text/json">{"id":32716167,"first_name":"Yoke","last_name":"Fung","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YokeFung","display_name":"Yoke Fung","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YokeFung?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66983865 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66983865"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66983865, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66983865", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66983865 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66983865; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66983865"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66983865 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66983865"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66983865; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66983865]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66983865").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66983865").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66983865"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71304" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_diseases">Autoimmune diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71304" type="text/json">{"id":71304,"name":"Autoimmune diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_diseases?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96047" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study">Case Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96047" type="text/json">{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113293" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfusion_medicine">Transfusion medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113293" type="text/json">{"id":113293,"name":"Transfusion medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfusion_medicine?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66983865]'), work: {"id":66983865,"title":"Managing passively acquired autoimmune neonatal neutropenia: a case study","created_at":"2022-01-03T14:45:34.347-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66983865/Managing_passively_acquired_autoimmune_neonatal_neutropenia_a_case_study?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_66983865","summary":"Pregnant women with autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) and circulating neutrophil-specific autoantibodies can deliver neutropenic neonates at risk of sepsis. We report the case of a woman who had two such pregnancies. The woman had been on prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment, but this was ceased prior to conception in both pregnancies. In the first pregnancy, there was no monitoring or interventions, and the neonate was neutropenic and required intensive care treatment. In the second pregnancy, the maternal neutrophil autoantibody level was monitored, and G-CSF treatment was introduced in the third trimester. The second infant had no neutropenia at delivery and an excellent Apgar score. We discuss the management strategy in the second pregnancy that included monitoring of serial titres of the maternal autoantibody and the introduction of G-CSF in the third trimester, which may have contributed to a more favourable clinical outcome. This may assist other clinicians faced with similar dilemmas in the future.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77975299,"asset_id":66983865,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32716167,"first_name":"Yoke","last_name":"Fung","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YokeFung","display_name":"Yoke Fung","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YokeFung?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":71304,"name":"Autoimmune diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_diseases?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":113293,"name":"Transfusion medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfusion_medicine?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":990417,"name":"Recombinant Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_Proteins?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2969290,"name":"neutropenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/neutropenia?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9187459" data-work_id="9187459" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9187459/Smoking_During_Pregnancy_and_Newborn_Neurobehavior">Smoking During Pregnancy and Newborn Neurobehavior</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Objective. This was a prospective study of the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on newborn neurobehavior, including dose-response relationships using self-report and a bioassay of nicotine exposure.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9187459" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f1ff03ed4a9606976ed5ae4205b1a25b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47858027,"asset_id":9187459,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47858027/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21013016" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/RaymondNiaura">Raymond Niaura</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21013016" type="text/json">{"id":21013016,"first_name":"Raymond","last_name":"Niaura","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"RaymondNiaura","display_name":"Raymond Niaura","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/RaymondNiaura?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9187459 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9187459"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9187459, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9187459", }); 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This was a prospective study of the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on newborn neurobehavior, including dose-response relationships using self-report and a bioassay of nicotine exposure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47858027,"asset_id":9187459,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21013016,"first_name":"Raymond","last_name":"Niaura","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"RaymondNiaura","display_name":"Raymond Niaura","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/RaymondNiaura?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":75318,"name":"Smoking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smoking?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":91360,"name":"Nicotine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicotine?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":110254,"name":"Alcohol Drinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":127182,"name":"Self Disclosure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Disclosure?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":147195,"name":"Central Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":162282,"name":"Mothers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mothers?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":344106,"name":"Saliva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saliva?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":375053,"name":"Dose Response Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dose_Response_Relationship?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":404129,"name":"Maternal Smoking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Smoking?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":987472,"name":"Gestation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestation?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1281259,"name":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_abstinence_syndrome?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1312754,"name":"Prospective Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_Study?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1537664,"name":"Psychomotor Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychomotor_Development?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1559335,"name":"Cotinine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cotinine?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1878977,"name":"Maternal Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Exposure?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2051024,"name":"Infant Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Behavior?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33308519" data-work_id="33308519" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33308519/Alcohol_during_Pregnancy_and_Atopic_Dermatitis_in_the_Offspring">Alcohol during Pregnancy and Atopic Dermatitis in the Offspring</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">RATIONALE: T lymphocytes accumulating in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis have a prolonged survival and are key mediators of this inflammatory disease. The anti-apoptotic bfl-1 gene is unique in that it is the only member of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33308519" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">RATIONALE: T lymphocytes accumulating in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis have a prolonged survival and are key mediators of this inflammatory disease. The anti-apoptotic bfl-1 gene is unique in that it is the only member of the Bcl-2 family, which is transcriptionally regulated by inflammatory cytokines and might therefore be important in promoting the survival of effector T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. The aim of the study was to determine whether polymorphisms in the bfl-1 gene are associated with a predisposition to atopic dermatitis. METHODS: bfl-1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied by ARMS-PCR in 83 Caucasian children with moderately severe atopic dermatitis and 110 non-atopic adult controls. RESULTS: Two known polymorphisms of exon were studied, but in addition we describe one novel polymorphism in the promoter region. No significant differences was found between individual bfl-1 SNPs and allele frequencies of children with atopic dermatitis and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms in the bfl-1 gene do not explain the genetic predisposition of certain individuals to atopic dermatitis. Funding: RATIONALE: Up to 30-60% of children who develop atopic dermatitis (AD) develop asthma. NKT cells have been shown to be essential for the development of allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR). Hence, we studied the role of NKT cells in a murine model of AD. METHODS: Wild type (WT) and NKT cell deficient CD1d-/-mice were epicutaneously sensitized (EC) with 100 microg. ovalbumin (OVA) or normal saline and then exposed to aerosolized OVA. IgG1, IgG2a and IgE OVA-specific antibody levels were determined. NKT cells were analyzed by FACS using Gal-Cer loaded CD1d dimers and a monoclonal antibody against the TCR-beta chain. IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. AHR response to methacholine was measured after OVA inhalation. RESULTS: CD1d-/-mice exhibited a normal systemic immune response to EC sensitization measured by OVA-specific antibody responses. OVAsensitized skin from CD1d-/-mice contained normal amounts of CD4+ cells and eosinophils and increased IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA expression comparable to WT mice. NKT cells were not detectable in EC sensitized skin of either WT or CD1d-/-mice. In contrast, NKT cells were present in the BAL fluid from OVA challenged sensitized WT mice, but not in the BAL fluid of CD1d-/-mice. IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA was increased in lungs of WT, but not CD1d-/-mice. The latter failed to develop AHR. RATIONALE: There is evidence that antenatal factors play a role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, little is known about the effects of maternal lifestyle factors during pregnancy on the risk of atopic dermatitis in the offspring. The aim was to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the incidence of AD in the offspring.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33308519" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b92ee9ad3a0ae6b9435bec6e2a56e132" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53372249,"asset_id":33308519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53372249/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44490598" href="https://independent.academia.edu/jape44">Jan Petersen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44490598" type="text/json">{"id":44490598,"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Petersen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jape44","display_name":"Jan Petersen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jape44?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33308519 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33308519"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33308519, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33308519", }); 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The anti-apoptotic bfl-1 gene is unique in that it is the only member of the Bcl-2 family, which is transcriptionally regulated by inflammatory cytokines and might therefore be important in promoting the survival of effector T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. The aim of the study was to determine whether polymorphisms in the bfl-1 gene are associated with a predisposition to atopic dermatitis. METHODS: bfl-1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied by ARMS-PCR in 83 Caucasian children with moderately severe atopic dermatitis and 110 non-atopic adult controls. RESULTS: Two known polymorphisms of exon were studied, but in addition we describe one novel polymorphism in the promoter region. No significant differences was found between individual bfl-1 SNPs and allele frequencies of children with atopic dermatitis and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms in the bfl-1 gene do not explain the genetic predisposition of certain individuals to atopic dermatitis. Funding: RATIONALE: Up to 30-60% of children who develop atopic dermatitis (AD) develop asthma. NKT cells have been shown to be essential for the development of allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR). Hence, we studied the role of NKT cells in a murine model of AD. METHODS: Wild type (WT) and NKT cell deficient CD1d-/-mice were epicutaneously sensitized (EC) with 100 microg. ovalbumin (OVA) or normal saline and then exposed to aerosolized OVA. IgG1, IgG2a and IgE OVA-specific antibody levels were determined. NKT cells were analyzed by FACS using Gal-Cer loaded CD1d dimers and a monoclonal antibody against the TCR-beta chain. IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. AHR response to methacholine was measured after OVA inhalation. RESULTS: CD1d-/-mice exhibited a normal systemic immune response to EC sensitization measured by OVA-specific antibody responses. OVAsensitized skin from CD1d-/-mice contained normal amounts of CD4+ cells and eosinophils and increased IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA expression comparable to WT mice. NKT cells were not detectable in EC sensitized skin of either WT or CD1d-/-mice. In contrast, NKT cells were present in the BAL fluid from OVA challenged sensitized WT mice, but not in the BAL fluid of CD1d-/-mice. IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA was increased in lungs of WT, but not CD1d-/-mice. The latter failed to develop AHR. RATIONALE: There is evidence that antenatal factors play a role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, little is known about the effects of maternal lifestyle factors during pregnancy on the risk of atopic dermatitis in the offspring. The aim was to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the incidence of AD in the offspring.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53372249,"asset_id":33308519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44490598,"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Petersen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jape44","display_name":"Jan Petersen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jape44?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":54085,"name":"Denmark","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Denmark?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":110254,"name":"Alcohol Drinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":591601,"name":"Atopic Dermatitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atopic_Dermatitis?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1826493,"name":"Clinical Allergy and Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Allergy_and_Immunology?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2345130,"name":"Socioeconomic Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Factors?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6179139" data-work_id="6179139" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6179139/Methylenetetrahydrofolate_reductase_MTHFR_c677t_gene_variant_modulates_the_homocysteine_folate_correlation_in_a_mild_folate_deficient_population">Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) c677t gene variant modulates the homocysteine folate correlation in a mild folate-deficient population</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Small size at birth continues to be a problem worldwide and many factors, including reduced folate intake and Pb exposure, are associated with it. However, single factors rarely explain the variability in birth weight, suggesting a need... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6179139" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Small size at birth continues to be a problem worldwide and many factors, including reduced folate intake and Pb exposure, are associated with it. However, single factors rarely explain the variability in birth weight, suggesting a need for more complex explanatory models. We investigated environment-gene interactions to understand whether folate intake and maternal Pb exposure were associated with smaller newborn size in 474 women with uncomplicated pregnancies delivering term infants in Mexico City. We examined if folate intake modified the negative effects of maternal Pb burden on birth size. We also asked if maternal and infant methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotypes (C677T, A1298C and G1793A) modified the effects of folate intake or Pb exposure on birth size. Women were aged 24·6 (SD 5·1) years; 43·5 % were primiparous. Maternal blood Pb at delivery was 86 (SD 42) μg/l, with 26·7 % having levels ≥100 μg/l. Tibia Pb level was 9·9 (SD 9·8) μg/g. Of the women, 35·3 % had folate intakes <400 μg/d. Birth weight was 3170 (SD 422) g. In covariate-adjusted regressions, higher folate intake was associated with higher birth weight (β 0·04; P<0·05). Higher bone Pb was associated with lower birth weight (β −4·9; P<0·05). Folate intake did not modify the effects of Pb on birth size, nor did MTHFR modify the association between Pb or folate intake on birth size. Although modest, the relationship between maternal nutrition, Pb burden and birth size does underscore the importance of environmental exposures to child health because patterns of fetal growth may affect health outcomes well into adulthood.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6179139" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7579d595d90dfa78bdbdc92241afa0d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48981741,"asset_id":6179139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48981741/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9418872" href="https://coimbra.academia.edu/AlexandrePereira">Alexandre Pereira</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9418872" type="text/json">{"id":9418872,"first_name":"Alexandre","last_name":"Pereira","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"AlexandrePereira","display_name":"Alexandre Pereira","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/AlexandrePereira?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9418872/2999655/3522199/s65_alexandre.pereira.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6179139 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6179139"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6179139, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6179139", }); 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However, single factors rarely explain the variability in birth weight, suggesting a need for more complex explanatory models. We investigated environment-gene interactions to understand whether folate intake and maternal Pb exposure were associated with smaller newborn size in 474 women with uncomplicated pregnancies delivering term infants in Mexico City. We examined if folate intake modified the negative effects of maternal Pb burden on birth size. We also asked if maternal and infant methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotypes (C677T, A1298C and G1793A) modified the effects of folate intake or Pb exposure on birth size. Women were aged 24·6 (SD 5·1) years; 43·5 % were primiparous. Maternal blood Pb at delivery was 86 (SD 42) μg/l, with 26·7 % having levels ≥100 μg/l. Tibia Pb level was 9·9 (SD 9·8) μg/g. Of the women, 35·3 % had folate intakes \u003c400 μg/d. Birth weight was 3170 (SD 422) g. In covariate-adjusted regressions, higher folate intake was associated with higher birth weight (β 0·04; P\u003c0·05). Higher bone Pb was associated with lower birth weight (β −4·9; P\u003c0·05). Folate intake did not modify the effects of Pb on birth size, nor did MTHFR modify the association between Pb or folate intake on birth size. Although modest, the relationship between maternal nutrition, Pb burden and birth size does underscore the importance of environmental exposures to child health because patterns of fetal growth may affect health outcomes well into adulthood.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48981741,"asset_id":6179139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9418872,"first_name":"Alexandre","last_name":"Pereira","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"AlexandrePereira","display_name":"Alexandre Pereira","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/AlexandrePereira?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9418872/2999655/3522199/s65_alexandre.pereira.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11686056" data-work_id="11686056" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11686056/Reproductive_transfer_and_variation_of_body_load_of_organochlorine_pollutants_with_age_in_fin_whales_Balaenoptera_physalus_">Reproductive transfer and variation of body load of organochlorine pollutants with age in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The body load of tDDT (p,p'DDT + o,p'DDT + p,p'DDE + p,p'TDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (sum of congeners) was estimated for 169 fin whales to study age and sex-related variation and to calculate the quantity of these compounds... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11686056" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The body load of tDDT (p,p'DDT + o,p'DDT + p,p'DDE + p,p'TDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (sum of congeners) was estimated for 169 fin whales to study age and sex-related variation and to calculate the quantity of these compounds transferred to offspring through reproduction. Blubber was the body compartment containing the greatest quantities of organochlorines, but its relative contribution to total load was lower than in other cetaceans because in fin whales muscle and bone are also significant lipid reserve sites. In male fin whales, organochlorine body loads increased with age but tended to reach a plateau in fully grown individuals. In adult females, loads decreased with age because of transfer to offspring canceling the rise in loads associated with body growth; as a consequence, the amount of organochlorines transferred during a reproductive cycle also declined with age. This transfer is lower than that found for other cetaceans because fin whales have a shorter lactation period. According to the calculations, the first offspring of a female fin whale receives about 1 g of PCB and about 1.5 g of tDDT. These amounts will. progressively decrease in subsequent reproductive cycles to reach a minimum of 0.2 g PCB and 0.3 g tDDT in an old female. Therefore, the first calf delivered is the one most likely to be affected by pollutants.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11686056" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c087b272c5eba20fa524d3b9094ffb5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46575075,"asset_id":11686056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46575075/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28602639" href="https://ub.academia.edu/Asunci%C3%B3nBorrell">Asunción Borrell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28602639" type="text/json">{"id":28602639,"first_name":"Asunción","last_name":"Borrell","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"AsunciónBorrell","display_name":"Asunción Borrell","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/Asunci%C3%B3nBorrell?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11686056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11686056"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11686056, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11686056", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11686056]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11686056").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11686056").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11686056"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction">Reproduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4559" type="text/json">{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DDT">DDT</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52974" type="text/json">{"id":52974,"name":"DDT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DDT?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11686056]'), work: {"id":11686056,"title":"Reproductive transfer and variation of body load of organochlorine pollutants with age in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus)","created_at":"2015-03-27T08:27:18.854-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11686056/Reproductive_transfer_and_variation_of_body_load_of_organochlorine_pollutants_with_age_in_fin_whales_Balaenoptera_physalus_?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_11686056","summary":"The body load of tDDT (p,p'DDT + o,p'DDT + p,p'DDE + p,p'TDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (sum of congeners) was estimated for 169 fin whales to study age and sex-related variation and to calculate the quantity of these compounds transferred to offspring through reproduction. Blubber was the body compartment containing the greatest quantities of organochlorines, but its relative contribution to total load was lower than in other cetaceans because in fin whales muscle and bone are also significant lipid reserve sites. In male fin whales, organochlorine body loads increased with age but tended to reach a plateau in fully grown individuals. In adult females, loads decreased with age because of transfer to offspring canceling the rise in loads associated with body growth; as a consequence, the amount of organochlorines transferred during a reproductive cycle also declined with age. This transfer is lower than that found for other cetaceans because fin whales have a shorter lactation period. According to the calculations, the first offspring of a female fin whale receives about 1 g of PCB and about 1.5 g of tDDT. These amounts will. progressively decrease in subsequent reproductive cycles to reach a minimum of 0.2 g PCB and 0.3 g tDDT in an old female. Therefore, the first calf delivered is the one most likely to be affected by pollutants.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46575075,"asset_id":11686056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28602639,"first_name":"Asunción","last_name":"Borrell","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"AsunciónBorrell","display_name":"Asunción Borrell","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/Asunci%C3%B3nBorrell?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":52974,"name":"DDT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DDT?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":75056,"name":"Whales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whales?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":149539,"name":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polychlorinated_Biphenyls?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":242478,"name":"Polychlorinated Biphenyl","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polychlorinated_Biphenyl?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":333080,"name":"Reproductive cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_cycle?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18971043" data-work_id="18971043" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18971043/Does_maternal_saliva_contain_fetal_DNA_usable_for_prenatal_diagnostics">Does maternal saliva contain fetal DNA usable for prenatal diagnostics?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Non-invasive molecular analysis of fetal DNA is the diagnostic goal of prenatal medicine. Circulating fetal DNA can be detected in maternal plasma. Recently, it has been detected in the urine of pregnant women. We hypothesize that fetal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18971043" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Non-invasive molecular analysis of fetal DNA is the diagnostic goal of prenatal medicine. Circulating fetal DNA can be detected in maternal plasma. Recently, it has been detected in the urine of pregnant women. We hypothesize that fetal DNA is present also in maternal saliva and that advances in stabilization and isolation of nucleic acids from saliva enable non-invasive and repeated sampling for prenatal diagnostics. The hypothesis is testable using saliva samples of pregnant women with confirmed male fetuses. Y-specific sequences should be detectable in salivary DNA. Caution must be given to the prevention of contamination. If proved in large studies, the presence of fetal DNA fragments in maternal saliva would enable a wide range of applications in prenatal medicine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18971043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="120ff683cb83527f0777afed031696c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42123738,"asset_id":18971043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42123738/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39115905" href="https://independent.academia.edu/J%C3%A1nTur%C5%88a">Ján Turňa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39115905" type="text/json">{"id":39115905,"first_name":"Ján","last_name":"Turňa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JánTurňa","display_name":"Ján Turňa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/J%C3%A1nTur%C5%88a?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18971043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18971043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18971043, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18971043", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18971043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18971043; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18971043"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18971043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18971043"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18971043; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18971043]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18971043").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18971043").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18971043"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA">DNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48057" type="text/json">{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73153" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Testing">Genetic Testing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73153" type="text/json">{"id":73153,"name":"Genetic Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Testing?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="344106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saliva">Saliva</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="344106" type="text/json">{"id":344106,"name":"Saliva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saliva?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18971043]'), work: {"id":18971043,"title":"Does maternal saliva contain fetal DNA usable for prenatal diagnostics?","created_at":"2015-11-25T01:26:28.677-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18971043/Does_maternal_saliva_contain_fetal_DNA_usable_for_prenatal_diagnostics?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_18971043","summary":"Non-invasive molecular analysis of fetal DNA is the diagnostic goal of prenatal medicine. Circulating fetal DNA can be detected in maternal plasma. Recently, it has been detected in the urine of pregnant women. We hypothesize that fetal DNA is present also in maternal saliva and that advances in stabilization and isolation of nucleic acids from saliva enable non-invasive and repeated sampling for prenatal diagnostics. The hypothesis is testable using saliva samples of pregnant women with confirmed male fetuses. Y-specific sequences should be detectable in salivary DNA. Caution must be given to the prevention of contamination. If proved in large studies, the presence of fetal DNA fragments in maternal saliva would enable a wide range of applications in prenatal medicine.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42123738,"asset_id":18971043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39115905,"first_name":"Ján","last_name":"Turňa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JánTurňa","display_name":"Ján Turňa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/J%C3%A1nTur%C5%88a?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":73153,"name":"Genetic Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Testing?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":344106,"name":"Saliva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saliva?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":554768,"name":"Prenatal Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenatal_Diagnosis?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47083770" data-work_id="47083770" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47083770/Maternal_Stress_HPA_Activity_and_Fetal_Infant_Outcome">Maternal Stress, HPA Activity, and Fetal/Infant Outcome</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The consequences of perinatal stress and/or exposure to neuropeptides on the developing organism can include permanent influences on the brain and behavior. In human subjects, infant and early childhood separation stress is associated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47083770" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The consequences of perinatal stress and/or exposure to neuropeptides on the developing organism can include permanent influences on the brain and behavior. In human subjects, infant and early childhood separation stress is associated with a significant increase in adult psychopathology and permanent elevation in plasma P-endorphin (PE) and cortisol.' A study of over 3,000 patients2 reported that the type of anteor intrapartum stress significantly predicted the category of selfdestructive behavior exhibited among adults. For instance, perinatal hypoxia was associated with significant tendencies to attempt suicide by asphyxic means such as suffocation. Intrapartum "mechanical" trauma (e.g., use of forceps) was associated with significant tendencies to self-destruct with instruments such as guns. Some less severe forms of self-injurious behavior related to developmental compromise observed among mentally retarded and autistic individuals can be attenuated by centrally acting drug^.^-^ In these individuals the best predictor of a positive response to drugs is a history of perinatal These studies in clinical populations suggest that perinatal stress is strongly associated with developmental patterns and with influences on the central nervous system.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47083770" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51d736b2ea9753a1fdc0119e67de0575" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66366518,"asset_id":47083770,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66366518/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38119469" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChrisSchetter">Chris Schetter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38119469" type="text/json">{"id":38119469,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Schetter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChrisSchetter","display_name":"Chris Schetter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChrisSchetter?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47083770 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47083770"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47083770, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47083770", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47083770 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47083770; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47083770"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47083770 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47083770"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47083770; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47083770]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47083770").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47083770").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47083770"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corticotropin_Releasing_Hormone">Corticotropin Releasing Hormone</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31276" type="text/json">{"id":31276,"name":"Corticotropin Releasing Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corticotropin_Releasing_Hormone?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38676" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety">Anxiety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38676" type="text/json">{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47083770]'), work: {"id":47083770,"title":"Maternal Stress, HPA Activity, and Fetal/Infant Outcome","created_at":"2021-04-20T17:49:28.899-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47083770/Maternal_Stress_HPA_Activity_and_Fetal_Infant_Outcome?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_47083770","summary":"The consequences of perinatal stress and/or exposure to neuropeptides on the developing organism can include permanent influences on the brain and behavior. In human subjects, infant and early childhood separation stress is associated with a significant increase in adult psychopathology and permanent elevation in plasma P-endorphin (PE) and cortisol.' A study of over 3,000 patients2 reported that the type of anteor intrapartum stress significantly predicted the category of selfdestructive behavior exhibited among adults. For instance, perinatal hypoxia was associated with significant tendencies to attempt suicide by asphyxic means such as suffocation. Intrapartum \"mechanical\" trauma (e.g., use of forceps) was associated with significant tendencies to self-destruct with instruments such as guns. Some less severe forms of self-injurious behavior related to developmental compromise observed among mentally retarded and autistic individuals can be attenuated by centrally acting drug^.^-^ In these individuals the best predictor of a positive response to drugs is a history of perinatal These studies in clinical populations suggest that perinatal stress is strongly associated with developmental patterns and with influences on the central nervous system.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66366518,"asset_id":47083770,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38119469,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Schetter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChrisSchetter","display_name":"Chris Schetter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChrisSchetter?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":31276,"name":"Corticotropin Releasing Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corticotropin_Releasing_Hormone?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":564888,"name":"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adrenocorticotropic_Hormone?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":623821,"name":"ANXIETY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANXIETY-1?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1201074,"name":"Psychological Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Stress?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1355491,"name":"Pregnancy Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy_Outcome?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1849503,"name":"Fetal Heart Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_Heart_Rate?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2563554,"name":"Beta-endorphin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beta-endorphin?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":3298155,"name":"Pregnancy complications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy_complications?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":3359206,"name":"hydrocortisone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/hydrocortisone?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22782270" data-work_id="22782270" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22782270/Placental_Transfer_and_Maternal_Midazolam_Kinetics">Placental Transfer and Maternal Midazolam Kinetics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Midazolam was given in a single 15-mg oral dose as a sedative the evening before elective cesarean section. Twelve hours later, levels of this new benzodiazepine were measureable in the fetomaternal entity in only one of 13 cases. After... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22782270" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Midazolam was given in a single 15-mg oral dose as a sedative the evening before elective cesarean section. Twelve hours later, levels of this new benzodiazepine were measureable in the fetomaternal entity in only one of 13 cases. After 15 mg midazolam orally or 0.05 mg /kg midazolam intramuscularly 15 to 60 min before elective cesarean section, there was evident transfer of drug into the placenta, but transfer took place more slowly than with diazepam. On the basis of kinetics derived from maternal serum concentrations after oral, intramuscular, or intravenous dosing, midazolam appears to have a rapid onset and short duration of action, which was also evident from subjective assessments by the patients. There was wide interindividual variation in the gastrointestinal absorption of midazolam in full-term pregnant women. Clinically, midazolam nevertheless seemed to be very useful for nocturnal sedation before elective cesarean section; it ensures a mean duration of sleep of about 6 hr and there are virtually no detectable levels of drug in the fetomaternal entity the next morning.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22782270" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad26ca779db71056028869557656b7f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43337604,"asset_id":22782270,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43337604/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44328599" href="https://utu.academia.edu/LKangas">L. Kangas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44328599" type="text/json">{"id":44328599,"first_name":"L.","last_name":"Kangas","domain_name":"utu","page_name":"LKangas","display_name":"L. Kangas","profile_url":"https://utu.academia.edu/LKangas?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22782270 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22782270"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22782270, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22782270", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22782270 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22782270; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22782270"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22782270 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22782270"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22782270; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22782270]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22782270").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22782270").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22782270"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics">Kinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4987" type="text/json">{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133351" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benzodiazepines">Benzodiazepines</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="133351" type="text/json">{"id":133351,"name":"Benzodiazepines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benzodiazepines?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22782270]'), work: {"id":22782270,"title":"Placental Transfer and Maternal Midazolam Kinetics","created_at":"2016-03-03T21:27:31.627-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22782270/Placental_Transfer_and_Maternal_Midazolam_Kinetics?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_22782270","summary":"Midazolam was given in a single 15-mg oral dose as a sedative the evening before elective cesarean section. Twelve hours later, levels of this new benzodiazepine were measureable in the fetomaternal entity in only one of 13 cases. After 15 mg midazolam orally or 0.05 mg /kg midazolam intramuscularly 15 to 60 min before elective cesarean section, there was evident transfer of drug into the placenta, but transfer took place more slowly than with diazepam. On the basis of kinetics derived from maternal serum concentrations after oral, intramuscular, or intravenous dosing, midazolam appears to have a rapid onset and short duration of action, which was also evident from subjective assessments by the patients. There was wide interindividual variation in the gastrointestinal absorption of midazolam in full-term pregnant women. Clinically, midazolam nevertheless seemed to be very useful for nocturnal sedation before elective cesarean section; it ensures a mean duration of sleep of about 6 hr and there are virtually no detectable levels of drug in the fetomaternal entity the next morning.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43337604,"asset_id":22782270,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44328599,"first_name":"L.","last_name":"Kangas","domain_name":"utu","page_name":"LKangas","display_name":"L. Kangas","profile_url":"https://utu.academia.edu/LKangas?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":133351,"name":"Benzodiazepines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benzodiazepines?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":161719,"name":"Amniotic Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amniotic_Fluid?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":514011,"name":"Cesarean Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cesarean_Section?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1619781,"name":"Midazolam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Midazolam?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81244163" data-work_id="81244163" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81244163/Assessment_of_the_safety_of_antimalarial_drug_use_during_early_pregnancy_ASAP_protocol_for_a_multicenter_prospective_cohort_study_in_Burkina_Faso_Kenya_and_Mozambique">Assessment of the safety of antimalarial drug use during early pregnancy (ASAP): protocol for a multicenter prospective cohort study in Burkina Faso, Kenya and Mozambique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: A major unresolved safety concern for malaria case management is the use of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) in the first trimester of pregnancy. There is a need for human data to inform policy makers and treatment... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81244163" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: A major unresolved safety concern for malaria case management is the use of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) in the first trimester of pregnancy. There is a need for human data to inform policy makers and treatment guidelines on the safety of artemisinin combination therapies (ACT) when used during early pregnancy. Methods: The overall goal of this paper is to describe the methods and implementation of a study aimed at developing surveillance systems for identifying exposures to antimalarials during early pregnancy and for monitoring pregnancy outcomes using health and demographic surveillance platforms. This was a multi-center prospective observational cohort study involving women at health and demographic surveillance sites in three countries in Africa: Burkina Faso, Kenya and Mozambique [(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01232530)]. The study was designed to identify pregnant women with artemisinin exposure in the first trimester and compare them to: 1) pregnant women without malaria, 2) pregnant women treated for malaria, but exposed to other antimalarials, and 3) pregnant women with malaria and treated with artemisinins in the 2nd or 3rd trimesters from the same settings. Pregnant women were recruited through community-based surveys and attendance at health facilities, including antenatal care clinics and followed until delivery. Data from the three sites will be pooled for analysis at the end of the study. Results are forthcoming. Discussion: Despite few limitations, the methods described here are relevant to the development of sustainable pharmacovigilance systems for drugs used by pregnant women in the tropics using health and demographic surveillance sites to prospectively ascertain drug safety in early pregnancy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81244163" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6aee83017bee21093e93fd4d008e96fa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87356693,"asset_id":81244163,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87356693/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="109318567" href="https://eduardo-mondlane.academia.edu/EsperancaSevene">Esperanca Sevene</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="109318567" type="text/json">{"id":109318567,"first_name":"Esperanca","last_name":"Sevene","domain_name":"eduardo-mondlane","page_name":"EsperancaSevene","display_name":"Esperanca Sevene","profile_url":"https://eduardo-mondlane.academia.edu/EsperancaSevene?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81244163 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81244163"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81244163, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81244163", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_81244163 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81244163; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_81244163"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_81244163 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81244163"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81244163; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81244163]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81244163").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81244163").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81244163"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design">Research Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2066" type="text/json">{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10829" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacovigilance">Pharmacovigilance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10829" type="text/json">{"id":10829,"name":"Pharmacovigilance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacovigilance?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81244163]'), work: {"id":81244163,"title":"Assessment of the safety of antimalarial drug use during early pregnancy (ASAP): protocol for a multicenter prospective cohort study in Burkina Faso, Kenya and Mozambique","created_at":"2022-06-11T09:49:34.172-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81244163/Assessment_of_the_safety_of_antimalarial_drug_use_during_early_pregnancy_ASAP_protocol_for_a_multicenter_prospective_cohort_study_in_Burkina_Faso_Kenya_and_Mozambique?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_81244163","summary":"Background: A major unresolved safety concern for malaria case management is the use of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) in the first trimester of pregnancy. There is a need for human data to inform policy makers and treatment guidelines on the safety of artemisinin combination therapies (ACT) when used during early pregnancy. Methods: The overall goal of this paper is to describe the methods and implementation of a study aimed at developing surveillance systems for identifying exposures to antimalarials during early pregnancy and for monitoring pregnancy outcomes using health and demographic surveillance platforms. This was a multi-center prospective observational cohort study involving women at health and demographic surveillance sites in three countries in Africa: Burkina Faso, Kenya and Mozambique [(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01232530)]. The study was designed to identify pregnant women with artemisinin exposure in the first trimester and compare them to: 1) pregnant women without malaria, 2) pregnant women treated for malaria, but exposed to other antimalarials, and 3) pregnant women with malaria and treated with artemisinins in the 2nd or 3rd trimesters from the same settings. Pregnant women were recruited through community-based surveys and attendance at health facilities, including antenatal care clinics and followed until delivery. Data from the three sites will be pooled for analysis at the end of the study. Results are forthcoming. Discussion: Despite few limitations, the methods described here are relevant to the development of sustainable pharmacovigilance systems for drugs used by pregnant women in the tropics using health and demographic surveillance sites to prospectively ascertain drug safety in early pregnancy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87356693,"asset_id":81244163,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":109318567,"first_name":"Esperanca","last_name":"Sevene","domain_name":"eduardo-mondlane","page_name":"EsperancaSevene","display_name":"Esperanca Sevene","profile_url":"https://eduardo-mondlane.academia.edu/EsperancaSevene?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":10829,"name":"Pharmacovigilance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacovigilance?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":71104,"name":"Reproductive health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_health?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":196189,"name":"Sample Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Size?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":797418,"name":"Gestational Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestational_Age?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1011136,"name":"Clinical Protocols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Protocols?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1355491,"name":"Pregnancy Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy_Outcome?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2943594,"name":"Patient selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_selection?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12691699" data-work_id="12691699" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12691699/Fetal_Growth_and_Development">Fetal Growth and Development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">and post-exposure are rapidly updated. Already new guidelines exist. To deal with this, the The Obstetrician authors have provided useful website addresses 8i Gynaecologist where new revision of guidelines can be accessed. Useful... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12691699" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">and post-exposure are rapidly updated. Already new guidelines exist. To deal with this, the The Obstetrician authors have provided useful website addresses 8i Gynaecologist where new revision of guidelines can be accessed. Useful references are also provided.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12691699" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7ffb6d3e8517e3cfa6667328ea826d96" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46004405,"asset_id":12691699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46004405/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31703525" href="https://uib.academia.edu/TorvidKiserud">Torvid Kiserud</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31703525" type="text/json">{"id":31703525,"first_name":"Torvid","last_name":"Kiserud","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"TorvidKiserud","display_name":"Torvid Kiserud","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/TorvidKiserud?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12691699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12691699"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12691699, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12691699", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12691699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12691699; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12691699"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12691699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12691699"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12691699; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12691699]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12691699").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12691699").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12691699"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6779" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science">Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6779" type="text/json">{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71289" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucose">Glucose</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71289" type="text/json">{"id":71289,"name":"Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucose?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12691699]'), work: {"id":12691699,"title":"Fetal Growth and Development","created_at":"2015-05-30T13:31:14.945-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12691699/Fetal_Growth_and_Development?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_12691699","summary":"and post-exposure are rapidly updated. Already new guidelines exist. To deal with this, the The Obstetrician authors have provided useful website addresses 8i Gynaecologist where new revision of guidelines can be accessed. Useful references are also provided.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46004405,"asset_id":12691699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31703525,"first_name":"Torvid","last_name":"Kiserud","domain_name":"uib","page_name":"TorvidKiserud","display_name":"Torvid Kiserud","profile_url":"https://uib.academia.edu/TorvidKiserud?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":71289,"name":"Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucose?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":76061,"name":"Placenta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placenta?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":321566,"name":"Behavioral and Developmental Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_and_Developmental_Pediatrics?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5649364" data-work_id="5649364" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5649364/Is_meconium_from_healthy_newborns_actually_sterile">Is meconium from healthy newborns actually sterile</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In a previous study, bacteria were able to be isolated from umbilical cord blood of healthy neonates and from murine amniotic fluid obtained by caesarean section. This suggested that term fetuses are not completely sterile and that a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5649364" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In a previous study, bacteria were able to be isolated from umbilical cord blood of healthy neonates and from murine amniotic fluid obtained by caesarean section. This suggested that term fetuses are not completely sterile and that a prenatal mother-to-child efflux of commensal bacteria may exist. Therefore, the presence of such bacteria in meconium of 21 healthy neonates was investigated. The identified isolates belonged predominantly to the genuses Enterococcus and Staphylococcus. Later, a group of pregnant mice were orally inoculated with a genetically labelled E. fecium strain previously isolated from breast milk of a healthy woman. The labelled strain could be isolated and PCR-detected from meconium of the inoculated animals obtained by caesarean section one day before the predicted date of labor. In contrast, it could not be detected in samples obtained from a non-inoculated control group.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5649364" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ee433119dac391e5339356daab78e75" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49198245,"asset_id":5649364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49198245/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8127926" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/LeonidesFern%C3%A1ndez">Leonides Fernández</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8127926" type="text/json">{"id":8127926,"first_name":"Leonides","last_name":"Fernández","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"LeonidesFernández","display_name":"Leonides Fernández","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/LeonidesFern%C3%A1ndez?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5649364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5649364"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5649364, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5649364", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5649364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5649364").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5649364").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5649364"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17825" type="text/json">{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5649364]'), work: {"id":5649364,"title":"Is meconium from healthy newborns actually sterile","created_at":"2014-01-08T16:40:26.754-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5649364/Is_meconium_from_healthy_newborns_actually_sterile?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_5649364","summary":"In a previous study, bacteria were able to be isolated from umbilical cord blood of healthy neonates and from murine amniotic fluid obtained by caesarean section. This suggested that term fetuses are not completely sterile and that a prenatal mother-to-child efflux of commensal bacteria may exist. Therefore, the presence of such bacteria in meconium of 21 healthy neonates was investigated. The identified isolates belonged predominantly to the genuses Enterococcus and Staphylococcus. Later, a group of pregnant mice were orally inoculated with a genetically labelled E. fecium strain previously isolated from breast milk of a healthy woman. The labelled strain could be isolated and PCR-detected from meconium of the inoculated animals obtained by caesarean section one day before the predicted date of labor. In contrast, it could not be detected in samples obtained from a non-inoculated control group.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49198245,"asset_id":5649364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8127926,"first_name":"Leonides","last_name":"Fernández","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"LeonidesFernández","display_name":"Leonides Fernández","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/LeonidesFern%C3%A1ndez?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":58429,"name":"Caesarean Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caesarean_Section?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":161719,"name":"Amniotic Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amniotic_Fluid?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":177876,"name":"Sterilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":232443,"name":"Umbilical Cord Blood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Umbilical_Cord_Blood?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":443582,"name":"Breast milk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_milk?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":537769,"name":"Enterococcus faecium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterococcus_faecium?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2000438,"name":"Meconium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meconium?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26325172" data-work_id="26325172" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26325172/Avoidance_of_bioflavonoid_supplements_during_pregnancy_a_pathway_to_infant_leukemia">Avoidance of bioflavonoid supplements during pregnancy: a pathway to infant leukemia?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bioflavonoids are a diverse group of phenolic secondary metabolites that occur naturally in plants forming an integral component of human diet. Over 5000 compounds have been described and classified into flavonols, flavones, flavanones,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26325172" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bioflavonoids are a diverse group of phenolic secondary metabolites that occur naturally in plants forming an integral component of human diet. Over 5000 compounds have been described and classified into flavonols, flavones, flavanones, catechins, anthocyanins, isoflavonoids, dihydroflavonols and stilbenes. Many are conjugated to sugar molecules and are commonly located in the upper epidermal layers of leaves [1], but also occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds and flowers, with the aim to protect plants against UV-B radiation, pathogen attack, or to act as attractants to pollinating insects, and as signal compounds for the initiation of symbiotic relationships .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26325172" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d60e8141e21e8877bac15d2d943fe52" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46637146,"asset_id":26325172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46637146/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32322978" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaurizioClementi">Maurizio Clementi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32322978" type="text/json">{"id":32322978,"first_name":"Maurizio","last_name":"Clementi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaurizioClementi","display_name":"Maurizio Clementi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MaurizioClementi?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26325172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26325172"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26325172, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26325172", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26325172]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26325172").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26325172").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26325172"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14109" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leukemia">Leukemia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14109" type="text/json">{"id":14109,"name":"Leukemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leukemia?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22052" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flavonoids">Flavonoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22052" type="text/json">{"id":22052,"name":"Flavonoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flavonoids?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74780" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation">Mutation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="74780" type="text/json">{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26325172]'), work: {"id":26325172,"title":"Avoidance of bioflavonoid supplements during pregnancy: a pathway to infant leukemia?","created_at":"2016-06-20T00:54:32.897-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26325172/Avoidance_of_bioflavonoid_supplements_during_pregnancy_a_pathway_to_infant_leukemia?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_26325172","summary":"Bioflavonoids are a diverse group of phenolic secondary metabolites that occur naturally in plants forming an integral component of human diet. Over 5000 compounds have been described and classified into flavonols, flavones, flavanones, catechins, anthocyanins, isoflavonoids, dihydroflavonols and stilbenes. Many are conjugated to sugar molecules and are commonly located in the upper epidermal layers of leaves [1], but also occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds and flowers, with the aim to protect plants against UV-B radiation, pathogen attack, or to act as attractants to pollinating insects, and as signal compounds for the initiation of symbiotic relationships .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46637146,"asset_id":26325172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32322978,"first_name":"Maurizio","last_name":"Clementi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaurizioClementi","display_name":"Maurizio Clementi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MaurizioClementi?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14109,"name":"Leukemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leukemia?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":22052,"name":"Flavonoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flavonoids?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":152562,"name":"Dietary Supplements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietary_Supplements?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23230973" data-work_id="23230973" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23230973/Diethylstilbestrol_DES_Related_Endocrine_Disturbances_in_Women">Diethylstilbestrol (DES)-Related Endocrine Disturbances in Women</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23230973" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13e3b2d15f482adcdb666e56cf550a1c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43716660,"asset_id":23230973,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43716660/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poland">Poland</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27363" type="text/json">{"id":27363,"name":"Poland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poland?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43162" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_development">Fetal development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43162" type="text/json">{"id":43162,"name":"Fetal development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_development?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="141400" 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auspicjami","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77888652,"asset_id":66853514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35176636,"first_name":"Krzysztof","last_name":"Sworczak","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KrzysztofSworczak","display_name":"Krzysztof Sworczak","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KrzysztofSworczak?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27363,"name":"Poland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poland?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":43162,"name":"Fetal development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_development?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":141400,"name":"Thyroid Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_Hormones?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":532052,"name":"Thyroid Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_Diseases?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":3298155,"name":"Pregnancy complications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy_complications?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19314249" data-work_id="19314249" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19314249/Prenatal_diagnosis_using_cell_free_nucleic_acids_in_maternal_body_fluids_A_decade_of_progress">Prenatal diagnosis using cell-free nucleic acids in maternal body fluids: A decade of progress</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The ability to detect cell-free fetal nucleic acids in pregnant women has greatly evolved over the past decade. Dozens of papers have explored the biology, kinetics, and clinical significance of both cell-free fetal DNA and mRNA in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19314249" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The ability to detect cell-free fetal nucleic acids in pregnant women has greatly evolved over the past decade. Dozens of papers have explored the biology, kinetics, and clinical significance of both cell-free fetal DNA and mRNA in the maternal circulation. As a result, our overall understanding of fetal nucleic acid trafficking has expanded. To date, two applications, gender determination and fetal RhD status, have translated into clinical medicine. However, with advanced molecular techniques such as mass spectrometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and gene expression arrays, the ease with which fetal genes can be detected within the mother has greatly improved. Newly identified placental and fetal mRNA transcripts as well as an epigenetically modified placental DNA marker, maspin, have universal applicability. Global expression analyses of fetal mRNA in both amniotic fluid and blood provide new insights into fetal development and pathology. Prenatal diagnosis is poised to evolve from detection of aneuploidy to detection of deviation from normal development, which should provide novel opportunities for fetal treatment. ß 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19314249" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e1e0f683f1f5fa4e4c616dac74272f0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40551513,"asset_id":19314249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40551513/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39571083" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JillMaron">Jill Maron</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39571083" type="text/json">{"id":39571083,"first_name":"Jill","last_name":"Maron","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JillMaron","display_name":"Jill Maron","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JillMaron?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19314249 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19314249"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19314249, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19314249", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19314249]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19314249").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19314249").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19314249"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA">DNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48057" type="text/json">{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73153" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Testing">Genetic Testing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73153" type="text/json">{"id":73153,"name":"Genetic Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Testing?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19314249]'), work: {"id":19314249,"title":"Prenatal diagnosis using cell-free nucleic acids in maternal body fluids: A decade of progress","created_at":"2015-12-01T12:34:03.335-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19314249/Prenatal_diagnosis_using_cell_free_nucleic_acids_in_maternal_body_fluids_A_decade_of_progress?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_19314249","summary":"The ability to detect cell-free fetal nucleic acids in pregnant women has greatly evolved over the past decade. Dozens of papers have explored the biology, kinetics, and clinical significance of both cell-free fetal DNA and mRNA in the maternal circulation. As a result, our overall understanding of fetal nucleic acid trafficking has expanded. To date, two applications, gender determination and fetal RhD status, have translated into clinical medicine. However, with advanced molecular techniques such as mass spectrometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and gene expression arrays, the ease with which fetal genes can be detected within the mother has greatly improved. Newly identified placental and fetal mRNA transcripts as well as an epigenetically modified placental DNA marker, maspin, have universal applicability. Global expression analyses of fetal mRNA in both amniotic fluid and blood provide new insights into fetal development and pathology. Prenatal diagnosis is poised to evolve from detection of aneuploidy to detection of deviation from normal development, which should provide novel opportunities for fetal treatment. ß 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40551513,"asset_id":19314249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39571083,"first_name":"Jill","last_name":"Maron","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JillMaron","display_name":"Jill Maron","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JillMaron?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":73153,"name":"Genetic Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Testing?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":161719,"name":"Amniotic Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amniotic_Fluid?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":554768,"name":"Prenatal Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenatal_Diagnosis?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":770944,"name":"Fetus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetus?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1146508,"name":"Body Fluids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Fluids?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26875168" data-work_id="26875168" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26875168/The_Influence_of_Corticosteroids_on_Fetal_Heart_Rate_Variability">The Influence of Corticosteroids on Fetal Heart Rate Variability</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Corticosteroids play an important role in the clinical management of threatened preterm delivery between 24 and 34 weeks of gestational age. It is known that corticosteroids have a direct, transient effect on fetal heart rate (fHR)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26875168" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Corticosteroids play an important role in the clinical management of threatened preterm delivery between 24 and 34 weeks of gestational age. It is known that corticosteroids have a direct, transient effect on fetal heart rate (fHR) parameters. Fetal heart rate variability is a reflection of autonomic nervous system activity and a useful marker for fetal well-being. Therefore, it is important to interpret the changes that occur in fHR parameters during corticosteroid treatment correctly, to avoid unnecessary iatrogenic preterm delivery. We performed a systematic review of the literature in CENTRAL, PubMed, and EMBASE, including 15 articles. In this review, we discuss the influence of corticosteroids on fHR parameters, in particular fHR variability, and fetal behavior. Furthermore, we explain possible mechanisms of action and confounding factors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26875168" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72d688d6879e30ce93c3351c03e9767c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47139475,"asset_id":26875168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47139475/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50877484" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KimVerdurmen">Kim Verdurmen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50877484" type="text/json">{"id":50877484,"first_name":"Kim","last_name":"Verdurmen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KimVerdurmen","display_name":"Kim Verdurmen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KimVerdurmen?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26875168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26875168"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26875168, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26875168", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26875168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26875168; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26875168"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26875168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26875168"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26875168; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26875168]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26875168").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26875168").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26875168"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="192721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors">Risk factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="192721" type="text/json">{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="413195" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors">Time Factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="413195" type="text/json">{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="620049" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1">Risk Factors</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="620049" type="text/json">{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26875168]'), work: {"id":26875168,"title":"The Influence of Corticosteroids on Fetal Heart Rate Variability","created_at":"2016-07-10T11:20:06.837-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26875168/The_Influence_of_Corticosteroids_on_Fetal_Heart_Rate_Variability?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_26875168","summary":"Corticosteroids play an important role in the clinical management of threatened preterm delivery between 24 and 34 weeks of gestational age. It is known that corticosteroids have a direct, transient effect on fetal heart rate (fHR) parameters. Fetal heart rate variability is a reflection of autonomic nervous system activity and a useful marker for fetal well-being. Therefore, it is important to interpret the changes that occur in fHR parameters during corticosteroid treatment correctly, to avoid unnecessary iatrogenic preterm delivery. We performed a systematic review of the literature in CENTRAL, PubMed, and EMBASE, including 15 articles. In this review, we discuss the influence of corticosteroids on fHR parameters, in particular fHR variability, and fetal behavior. Furthermore, we explain possible mechanisms of action and confounding factors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47139475,"asset_id":26875168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50877484,"first_name":"Kim","last_name":"Verdurmen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KimVerdurmen","display_name":"Kim Verdurmen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KimVerdurmen?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":797418,"name":"Gestational Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestational_Age?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1293308,"name":"Glucocorticoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucocorticoids?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15000537" data-work_id="15000537" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15000537/SAFE_TheSpecial_Non_invasiveAdvances_inFetal_and_NeonatalEvaluation_Network_aims_and_achievements">SAFE—TheSpecial Non-invasiveAdvances inFetal and NeonatalEvaluation Network: aims and achievements</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this short review, the objectives and work of SAFE-the Special Non-invasive Advances in Fetal and Neonatal Evaluation Network, a European Union Framework VI network of excellence is described. We demonstrate how this network... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15000537" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this short review, the objectives and work of SAFE-the Special Non-invasive Advances in Fetal and Neonatal Evaluation Network, a European Union Framework VI network of excellence is described. We demonstrate how this network facilitates the implementation of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for single gene disorders, fetal rhesus typing, aneuploidy and pregnancy complications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15000537" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98828438f5c42367807736d6aacf6a07" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43664625,"asset_id":15000537,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43664625/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34003143" href="https://unibasel.academia.edu/SinuheHahn">Sinuhe Hahn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34003143" type="text/json">{"id":34003143,"first_name":"Sinuhe","last_name":"Hahn","domain_name":"unibasel","page_name":"SinuheHahn","display_name":"Sinuhe Hahn","profile_url":"https://unibasel.academia.edu/SinuheHahn?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15000537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15000537"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15000537, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15000537", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15000537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15000537; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15000537"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15000537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15000537"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15000537; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15000537]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15000537").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15000537").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15000537"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA">DNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48057" type="text/json">{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112824" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenatal">Prenatal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112824" type="text/json">{"id":112824,"name":"Prenatal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenatal?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15000537]'), work: {"id":15000537,"title":"SAFE—TheSpecial Non-invasiveAdvances inFetal and NeonatalEvaluation Network: aims and achievements","created_at":"2015-08-18T01:39:07.705-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15000537/SAFE_TheSpecial_Non_invasiveAdvances_inFetal_and_NeonatalEvaluation_Network_aims_and_achievements?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_15000537","summary":"In this short review, the objectives and work of SAFE-the Special Non-invasive Advances in Fetal and Neonatal Evaluation Network, a European Union Framework VI network of excellence is described. We demonstrate how this network facilitates the implementation of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for single gene disorders, fetal rhesus typing, aneuploidy and pregnancy complications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43664625,"asset_id":15000537,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34003143,"first_name":"Sinuhe","last_name":"Hahn","domain_name":"unibasel","page_name":"SinuheHahn","display_name":"Sinuhe Hahn","profile_url":"https://unibasel.academia.edu/SinuheHahn?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":112824,"name":"Prenatal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenatal?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":554768,"name":"Prenatal Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenatal_Diagnosis?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27692137" data-work_id="27692137" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27692137/Smoking_During_Pregnancy_and_Newborn_Neurobehavior">Smoking During Pregnancy and Newborn Neurobehavior</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Objective. This was a prospective study of the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on newborn neurobehavior, including dose-response relationships using self-report and a bioassay of nicotine exposure.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27692137" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9068cc91be0b346590647378b951acee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47957284,"asset_id":27692137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47957284/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51926000" href="https://brown.academia.edu/LauraStroud">Laura R Stroud</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51926000" type="text/json">{"id":51926000,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Stroud","domain_name":"brown","page_name":"LauraStroud","display_name":"Laura R Stroud","profile_url":"https://brown.academia.edu/LauraStroud?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27692137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27692137"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27692137, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27692137", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27692137]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27692137").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27692137").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27692137"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="631" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="631" type="text/json">{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development">Child Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4583" type="text/json">{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26879" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class">Social Class</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26879" type="text/json">{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27692137]'), work: {"id":27692137,"title":"Smoking During Pregnancy and Newborn Neurobehavior","created_at":"2016-08-10T15:52:20.563-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27692137/Smoking_During_Pregnancy_and_Newborn_Neurobehavior?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_27692137","summary":"Objective. This was a prospective study of the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on newborn neurobehavior, including dose-response relationships using self-report and a bioassay of nicotine exposure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47957284,"asset_id":27692137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51926000,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Stroud","domain_name":"brown","page_name":"LauraStroud","display_name":"Laura R Stroud","profile_url":"https://brown.academia.edu/LauraStroud?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":75318,"name":"Smoking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smoking?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":91360,"name":"Nicotine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicotine?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":110254,"name":"Alcohol Drinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":127182,"name":"Self Disclosure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Disclosure?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":147195,"name":"Central Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":162282,"name":"Mothers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mothers?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":344106,"name":"Saliva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saliva?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":375053,"name":"Dose Response Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dose_Response_Relationship?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":404129,"name":"Maternal Smoking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Smoking?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":987472,"name":"Gestation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestation?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1281259,"name":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_abstinence_syndrome?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1312754,"name":"Prospective Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_Study?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1537664,"name":"Psychomotor Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychomotor_Development?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1559335,"name":"Cotinine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cotinine?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1878977,"name":"Maternal Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Exposure?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2051024,"name":"Infant Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Behavior?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27977041" data-work_id="27977041" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27977041/Aids_acquired_by_drug_consumption_and_other_noncontagious_risk_factors">Aids acquired by drug consumption and other noncontagious risk factors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The hypothesis that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a new, sexually transmitted virus that causes AIDS has been entirely unproductive in terms of public health benefits. Moreover, it fails to predict the epidemiology of AIDS, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27977041" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The hypothesis that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a new, sexually transmitted virus that causes AIDS has been entirely unproductive in terms of public health benefits. Moreover, it fails to predict the epidemiology of AIDS, the annual AIDS risk and the very heterogeneous AIDS diseases of infected persons. The correct hypothesis must explain why: (1) AIDS includes 25 previously known diseases and two clinically and epidemiologically very different epidemics, one in America and Europe, the other in Africa;</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27977041" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66dea3498e5377205532b1eeedfb918f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48279927,"asset_id":27977041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48279927/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5666432" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterDuesberg">Peter Duesberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5666432" type="text/json">{"id":5666432,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Duesberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterDuesberg","display_name":"Peter Duesberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterDuesberg?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27977041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27977041"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27977041, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27977041", }); 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Moreover, it fails to predict the epidemiology of AIDS, the annual AIDS risk and the very heterogeneous AIDS diseases of infected persons. The correct hypothesis must explain why: (1) AIDS includes 25 previously known diseases and two clinically and epidemiologically very different epidemics, one in America and Europe, the other in Africa;","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48279927,"asset_id":27977041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5666432,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Duesberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterDuesberg","display_name":"Peter Duesberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterDuesberg?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16288,"name":"Public 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4822036/Prenatal_maternal_stress_effects_on_pregnancy_and_the_unborn_child">Prenatal maternal stress: effects on pregnancy and the (unborn) child</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Animal experiments have convincingly demonstrated that prenatal maternal stress affects pregnancy outcome and results in early programming of brain functions with permanent changes in neuroendocrine regulation and behaviour in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4822036" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Animal experiments have convincingly demonstrated that prenatal maternal stress affects pregnancy outcome and results in early programming of brain functions with permanent changes in neuroendocrine regulation and behaviour in offspring. Aim: To evaluate the existing evidence of comparable effects of prenatal stress on human pregnancy and child development. Study design: Data sources used included a computerized literature search of PUBMED (1966PUBMED ( -2001 Psychlit (1987 Psychlit ( -2001; and manual search of bibliographies of pertinent articles. Results: Recent well-controlled human studies indicate that pregnant women with high stress and anxiety levels are at increased risk for spontaneous abortion and preterm labour and for having a malformed or growth-retarded baby (reduced head circumference in particular). Evidence of long-term functional disorders after prenatal exposure to stress is limited, but retrospective studies and two prospective studies support the possibility of such effects. A comprehensive model of putative interrelationships between maternal, placental, and fetal factors is presented. Conclusions: Apart from the well-known negative effects of biomedical risks, maternal psychological factors may significantly contribute to pregnancy complications and unfavourable development of the (unborn) child. These problems might be 0378-3782/02/$ -see front matter D 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 7 8 -3 7 8 2 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 7 5 -0 (E.J.H. Mulder). <a href="http://www.elsevier.com/locate/earlhumdev" rel="nofollow">www.elsevier.com/locate/earlhumdev</a> Early Human Development 70 (2002) 3 -14</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4822036" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f83a24908a174668506ab4ca548e4744" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35708150,"asset_id":4822036,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35708150/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3880899" href="https://tilburguniversity.academia.edu/BeaVandenBergh">Bea Van den Bergh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3880899" type="text/json">{"id":3880899,"first_name":"Bea","last_name":"Van den Bergh","domain_name":"tilburguniversity","page_name":"BeaVandenBergh","display_name":"Bea Van den Bergh","profile_url":"https://tilburguniversity.academia.edu/BeaVandenBergh?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3880899/2838637/3314049/s65_bea.van_den_bergh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4822036 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4822036"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4822036, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4822036", }); 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Aim: To evaluate the existing evidence of comparable effects of prenatal stress on human pregnancy and child development. Study design: Data sources used included a computerized literature search of PUBMED (1966PUBMED ( -2001 Psychlit (1987 Psychlit ( -2001; and manual search of bibliographies of pertinent articles. Results: Recent well-controlled human studies indicate that pregnant women with high stress and anxiety levels are at increased risk for spontaneous abortion and preterm labour and for having a malformed or growth-retarded baby (reduced head circumference in particular). Evidence of long-term functional disorders after prenatal exposure to stress is limited, but retrospective studies and two prospective studies support the possibility of such effects. A comprehensive model of putative interrelationships between maternal, placental, and fetal factors is presented. Conclusions: Apart from the well-known negative effects of biomedical risks, maternal psychological factors may significantly contribute to pregnancy complications and unfavourable development of the (unborn) child. These problems might be 0378-3782/02/$ -see front matter D 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 7 8 -3 7 8 2 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 7 5 -0 (E.J.H. Mulder). www.elsevier.com/locate/earlhumdev Early Human Development 70 (2002) 3 -14","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35708150,"asset_id":4822036,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3880899,"first_name":"Bea","last_name":"Van den Bergh","domain_name":"tilburguniversity","page_name":"BeaVandenBergh","display_name":"Bea Van den Bergh","profile_url":"https://tilburguniversity.academia.edu/BeaVandenBergh?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3880899/2838637/3314049/s65_bea.van_den_bergh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":214054,"name":"Bibliographic Databases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bibliographic_Databases?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":293783,"name":"Early human dispersal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_human_dispersal?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":469111,"name":"Pregnancy Complication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy_Complication?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":486566,"name":"Pregnant Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnant_Women?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":535184,"name":"Maternal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Behavior?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":538554,"name":"Study design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Study_design?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":623821,"name":"ANXIETY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANXIETY-1?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":722449,"name":"Physiological Stress Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiological_Stress_Markers?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":916211,"name":"Literature Search","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature_Search?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":968358,"name":"Brain Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Function?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":990198,"name":"Retrospective Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Study?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1010725,"name":"Protein Binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Binding?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1161416,"name":"Congenital abnormalities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_abnormalities?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1312754,"name":"Prospective Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_Study?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1355491,"name":"Pregnancy Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy_Outcome?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1361003,"name":"Growth Retardation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Retardation?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3668650" data-work_id="3668650" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3668650/Iodine_Supplementation_During_Pregnancy_and_Infant_Neuropsychological_Development_INMA_Mother_and_Child_Cohort_Study">Iodine Supplementation During Pregnancy and Infant Neuropsychological Development: INMA Mother and Child Cohort Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Iodine supplementation during pregnancy is a common practice in developed countries. However, scant evidence is available regarding the safety and effectiveness of maternal iodine supplementation with regard to child neuropsychological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3668650" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Iodine supplementation during pregnancy is a common practice in developed countries. However, scant evidence is available regarding the safety and effectiveness of maternal iodine supplementation with regard to child neuropsychological development. We previously reported an inverse association between iodine supplementation and the psychomotor development of infants in a birth cohort from Valencia, Spain. In the present study, we assessed this association in a wider sample of mother and child pairs from 3 other regions in Spain. Neuropsychological development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development in 1,519 infants (median age, 16 months) between 2006 and 2009. In multivariate analyses, maternal consumption of 150 μg/day or more of iodine from supplements was related to a 1.5-fold increase in the odds of a psychomotor score less than 85 (95% confidence interval: 0.8, 2.9) and to a 1.7-fold increase in the odds of a mental score less than 85 (95% confidence interval: 0.9, 3.0). Findings previously reported in the Valencia cohort were only partially verified. The results of the present study suggest that, at least in these regions, iodine supplementation does not improve infant neuropsychological development at 1 year of age. Further research is needed on the risks and benefits of supplementary iodine for both maternal thyroid function and child neurodevelopment. child development; dietary supplements; fetal development; iodine; prenatal nutritional physiological phenomena Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; INMA, Infancia y Medio Ambiente-Childhood and Environment; MS, mental scale; PS, psychomotor scale; UIC, urinary iodine concentration. 944 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 American Journal of Epidemiology Iodine Supplementation and Infant Neurodevelopment 945 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 by guest on November 8, 2016 <a href="http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/" rel="nofollow">http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/</a> Downloaded from Iodine Supplementation and Infant Neurodevelopment 947 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 by guest on November 8, 2016 <a href="http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/" rel="nofollow">http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/</a> Downloaded from Iodine Supplementation and Infant Neurodevelopment 949 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 by guest on November 8, 2016 <a href="http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/" rel="nofollow">http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/</a> Downloaded from Iodine Supplementation and Infant Neurodevelopment 951 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 by guest on November 8, 2016 <a href="http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/" rel="nofollow">http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/</a> Downloaded from Iodine Supplementation and Infant Neurodevelopment 953 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 by guest on</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3668650" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b82d6a8fda31ff7111d4c862b62bb781" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50184052,"asset_id":3668650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50184052/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="725199" href="https://umh-es.academia.edu/EvaMariaNavarreteMu%C3%B1oz">Eva Maria Navarrete Muñoz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="725199" type="text/json">{"id":725199,"first_name":"Eva Maria","last_name":"Navarrete Muñoz","domain_name":"umh-es","page_name":"EvaMariaNavarreteMuñoz","display_name":"Eva Maria Navarrete Muñoz","profile_url":"https://umh-es.academia.edu/EvaMariaNavarreteMu%C3%B1oz?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725199/247930/293054/s65_eva_maria.navarrete_mu_oz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3668650 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3668650"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3668650, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3668650", }); 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However, scant evidence is available regarding the safety and effectiveness of maternal iodine supplementation with regard to child neuropsychological development. We previously reported an inverse association between iodine supplementation and the psychomotor development of infants in a birth cohort from Valencia, Spain. In the present study, we assessed this association in a wider sample of mother and child pairs from 3 other regions in Spain. Neuropsychological development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development in 1,519 infants (median age, 16 months) between 2006 and 2009. In multivariate analyses, maternal consumption of 150 μg/day or more of iodine from supplements was related to a 1.5-fold increase in the odds of a psychomotor score less than 85 (95% confidence interval: 0.8, 2.9) and to a 1.7-fold increase in the odds of a mental score less than 85 (95% confidence interval: 0.9, 3.0). Findings previously reported in the Valencia cohort were only partially verified. The results of the present study suggest that, at least in these regions, iodine supplementation does not improve infant neuropsychological development at 1 year of age. Further research is needed on the risks and benefits of supplementary iodine for both maternal thyroid function and child neurodevelopment. child development; dietary supplements; fetal development; iodine; prenatal nutritional physiological phenomena Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; INMA, Infancia y Medio Ambiente-Childhood and Environment; MS, mental scale; PS, psychomotor scale; UIC, urinary iodine concentration. 944 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 American Journal of Epidemiology Iodine Supplementation and Infant Neurodevelopment 945 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 by guest on November 8, 2016 http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from Iodine Supplementation and Infant Neurodevelopment 947 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 by guest on November 8, 2016 http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from Iodine Supplementation and Infant Neurodevelopment 949 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 by guest on November 8, 2016 http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from Iodine Supplementation and Infant Neurodevelopment 951 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 by guest on November 8, 2016 http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from Iodine Supplementation and Infant Neurodevelopment 953 Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(9):944-953 by guest on","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50184052,"asset_id":3668650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":725199,"first_name":"Eva Maria","last_name":"Navarrete Muñoz","domain_name":"umh-es","page_name":"EvaMariaNavarreteMuñoz","display_name":"Eva Maria Navarrete Muñoz","profile_url":"https://umh-es.academia.edu/EvaMariaNavarreteMu%C3%B1oz?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725199/247930/293054/s65_eva_maria.navarrete_mu_oz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":39719,"name":"Food Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Analysis?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":43162,"name":"Fetal development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_development?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":98355,"name":"Iodine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iodine?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":152562,"name":"Dietary Supplements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietary_Supplements?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1294607,"name":"Logistic Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Models?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2444775,"name":"Psychomotor Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychomotor_Performance?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2471457,"name":"Multicenter Studies as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multicenter_Studies_as_Topic?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23637787" data-work_id="23637787" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23637787/Prenatal_effects_of_sex_hormones_on_human_male_behavior_medroxyprogesterone_acetate_MPA_">Prenatal effects of sex hormones on human male behavior: medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1) Results of clinical research on the effects of prenatal sex hormone exposure in man on sex-dimorphic behavior are compatible with the androgen organization hypothesis. (2) Results of similar studies on the effects of prenatal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23637787" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1) Results of clinical research on the effects of prenatal sex hormone exposure in man on sex-dimorphic behavior are compatible with the androgen organization hypothesis. (2) Results of similar studies on the effects of prenatal progestogens in males suggest a demasculinizing effect which, however, could not be separated from the confounding effects of maternal disease states. (3) A new study on the effects of prenatal hormone exposure in man is outlined. (4) Preliminary results of this study on a subsample of 13 boys and their matched controls show only insignificant effects of prenatal MPA-exposure on sex-dimorphic behavior as assessed by interview.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23637787" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a09fccdf3f22f991b6d6936d7c66659" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44048321,"asset_id":23637787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44048321/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45691781" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnkeEhrhardt">Anke Ehrhardt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45691781" type="text/json">{"id":45691781,"first_name":"Anke","last_name":"Ehrhardt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnkeEhrhardt","display_name":"Anke Ehrhardt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnkeEhrhardt?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23637787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23637787"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23637787, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23637787", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23637787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23637787").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23637787").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23637787"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2065" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology">Research Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2065" type="text/json">{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4307" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior">Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4307" type="text/json">{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction">Reproduction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4559" type="text/json">{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23637787]'), work: {"id":23637787,"title":"Prenatal effects of sex hormones on human male behavior: medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)","created_at":"2016-03-23T17:20:27.294-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23637787/Prenatal_effects_of_sex_hormones_on_human_male_behavior_medroxyprogesterone_acetate_MPA_?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_23637787","summary":"1) Results of clinical research on the effects of prenatal sex hormone exposure in man on sex-dimorphic behavior are compatible with the androgen organization hypothesis. (2) Results of similar studies on the effects of prenatal progestogens in males suggest a demasculinizing effect which, however, could not be separated from the confounding effects of maternal disease states. (3) A new study on the effects of prenatal hormone exposure in man is outlined. (4) Preliminary results of this study on a subsample of 13 boys and their matched controls show only insignificant effects of prenatal MPA-exposure on sex-dimorphic behavior as assessed by interview.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44048321,"asset_id":23637787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45691781,"first_name":"Anke","last_name":"Ehrhardt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnkeEhrhardt","display_name":"Anke Ehrhardt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnkeEhrhardt?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":2065,"name":"Research 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Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Identity?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":53331,"name":"Social behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":57810,"name":"Child Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Behavior?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":64336,"name":"Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":80657,"name":"Surveys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveys?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":104853,"name":"Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":133761,"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoneuroendocrinology?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":311522,"name":"Developed Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developed_Countries?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":477086,"name":"The Endocrine System Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Endocrine_System_Function?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":628583,"name":"Social Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Behavior-1?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":644084,"name":"Intelligence tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence_tests?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2343288,"name":"Medroxyprogesterone Acetate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medroxyprogesterone_Acetate?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12160240" data-work_id="12160240" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12160240/The_disposition_and_metabolism_of_captopril">The disposition and metabolism of captopril</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12160240" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a9000887c4f751c5d2135a653a1ad6f" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":30540650,"first_name":"Olaf","last_name":"Drummer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlafDrummer","display_name":"Olaf Drummer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlafDrummer?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12160240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12160240"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12160240, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12160240", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12160240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12160240; 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$(".js-view-count-work_12160240").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12160240"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3770" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolism">Metabolism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3770" type="text/json">{"id":3770,"name":"Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolism?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics">Kinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4987" type="text/json">{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11111" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11111" type="text/json">{"id":11111,"name":"Pharmacokinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacokinetics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_Failure">Heart Failure</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49633" type="text/json">{"id":49633,"name":"Heart Failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_Failure?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12160240]'), work: {"id":12160240,"title":"The disposition and metabolism of captopril","created_at":"2015-04-29T22:09:04.313-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12160240/The_disposition_and_metabolism_of_captopril?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_12160240","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46328018,"asset_id":12160240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30540650,"first_name":"Olaf","last_name":"Drummer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlafDrummer","display_name":"Olaf Drummer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlafDrummer?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3770,"name":"Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolism?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":11111,"name":"Pharmacokinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacokinetics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":49633,"name":"Heart Failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_Failure?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":76061,"name":"Placenta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placenta?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":288383,"name":"Intestinal absorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestinal_absorption?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":537751,"name":"Human Milk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Milk?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":719604,"name":"Angiotensin Converting Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angiotensin_Converting_Enzyme?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1106287,"name":"Chronic Kidney Failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Kidney_Failure?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1227768,"name":"Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angiotensin_Converting_Enzyme_Inhibitors?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1776587,"name":"Captopril","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Captopril?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2061395,"name":"Bile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bile-6?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21525976" data-work_id="21525976" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21525976/New_aids_for_the_non_invasive_prenatal_diagnosis_of_achondroplasia_dysmorphic_features_charts_of_fetal_size_and_molecular_confirmation_using_cell_free_fetal_DNA_in_maternal_plasma">New aids for the non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia: dysmorphic features, charts of fetal size and molecular confirmation using cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives To improve the prenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia by constructing charts of fetal size, defining frequency of sonographic features and exploring the role of non-invasive molecular diagnosis based on cell-free fetal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21525976" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives To improve the prenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia by constructing charts of fetal size, defining frequency of sonographic features and exploring the role of non-invasive molecular diagnosis based on cell-free fetal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in maternal plasma.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21525976" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="42bd1a3790ee89b02744970a03a0e6a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41987864,"asset_id":21525976,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41987864/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" 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data-has-card-for-ri="15639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound">Ultrasound</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15639" type="text/json">{"id":15639,"name":"Ultrasound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21525976]'), work: {"id":21525976,"title":"New aids for the non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia: dysmorphic features, charts of fetal size and molecular confirmation using cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma","created_at":"2016-02-03T15:05:18.699-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21525976/New_aids_for_the_non_invasive_prenatal_diagnosis_of_achondroplasia_dysmorphic_features_charts_of_fetal_size_and_molecular_confirmation_using_cell_free_fetal_DNA_in_maternal_plasma?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_21525976","summary":"Objectives To improve the prenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia by constructing charts of fetal size, defining frequency of sonographic features and exploring the role of non-invasive molecular diagnosis based on cell-free fetal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in maternal plasma.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41987864,"asset_id":21525976,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42626116,"first_name":"Asma","last_name":"Khalil","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AsmaKhalil1","display_name":"Asma Khalil","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AsmaKhalil1?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":625,"name":"Obstetrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstetrics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":5018,"name":"Anthropometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropometry?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":15639,"name":"Ultrasound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":107533,"name":"Cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":339107,"name":"Gynecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gynecology?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":377395,"name":"Foetus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foetus?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":492043,"name":"Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Size?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":554768,"name":"Prenatal 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Boyon","profile_url":"https://univ-lille2.academia.edu/CBoyon?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8863,"name":"Cell Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Migration?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":34021,"name":"T cell receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/T_cell_receptor?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":66613,"name":"Autoimmune Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_Disease?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":76061,"name":"Placenta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placenta?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":214902,"name":"Chimerism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chimerism?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":770944,"name":"Fetus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetus?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11001802" data-work_id="11001802" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11001802/Ultrastructure_of_the_materno_embryonic_interface_in_the_first_trimester_of_pregnancy">Ultrastructure of the materno-embryonic interface in the first trimester of pregnancy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During early pregnancy, the absence of fully developed internal organs means that the embryo is dependent on highly differentiated adnexal structures such as the secondary yolk sac and free-floating amniotic membrane as well as the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11001802" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During early pregnancy, the absence of fully developed internal organs means that the embryo is dependent on highly differentiated adnexal structures such as the secondary yolk sac and free-floating amniotic membrane as well as the placental trophoblast. In this review, we describe and illustrate the ultrastructural characteristics of these different cellular barriers which separate maternal and embryonic tissues during the first trimester of pregnancy. Samples of chorionic plate, umbilical cord, secondary yolk sac and amniotic membrane have been obtained from intact gestational sacs of pregnancies between 6 and 11 weeks and examined at the ultrastructural level. Features indicating intense biosynthetic activity were found in the syncytiotrophoblast of the chorionic plate, the endoderm of the secondary yolk sac and mesenchymal cells of the amniotic membrane. Barriers in the form of a well-developed basal lamina were present between the trophoblast and mesenchyme of the chorionic plate and beneath the epithelium of the amniotic membrane and umbilical cord, but were incomplete between the mesenchymal tissues of the yolk sac and mesothelial and endodermal layers, and also around the capillaries of the cborionic plate. Basement membrane thickening and interactions with the underlying stroma were observed with increasing gestational age in connection with amniotic epithelial differentiation and development of basal foot processes. After 9 weeks, the yolk sac showed a marked degeneration of surface cells, accompanied by increased fibrosis of the mesenehyme. These findings are discussed with reference to the biological functions of the adnexal structures in the development of the growing embryo, and their possible role is assessed in the physiology of exchange during the first trimester of pregnancy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11001802" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e1f1b9f9e2e217de5261251508c44a61" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46972538,"asset_id":11001802,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46972538/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26638461" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarolynJones9">Carolyn Jones</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26638461" type="text/json">{"id":26638461,"first_name":"Carolyn","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CarolynJones9","display_name":"Carolyn Jones","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarolynJones9?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11001802 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11001802"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11001802, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11001802", }); 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In this review, we describe and illustrate the ultrastructural characteristics of these different cellular barriers which separate maternal and embryonic tissues during the first trimester of pregnancy. Samples of chorionic plate, umbilical cord, secondary yolk sac and amniotic membrane have been obtained from intact gestational sacs of pregnancies between 6 and 11 weeks and examined at the ultrastructural level. Features indicating intense biosynthetic activity were found in the syncytiotrophoblast of the chorionic plate, the endoderm of the secondary yolk sac and mesenchymal cells of the amniotic membrane. Barriers in the form of a well-developed basal lamina were present between the trophoblast and mesenchyme of the chorionic plate and beneath the epithelium of the amniotic membrane and umbilical cord, but were incomplete between the mesenchymal tissues of the yolk sac and mesothelial and endodermal layers, and also around the capillaries of the cborionic plate. Basement membrane thickening and interactions with the underlying stroma were observed with increasing gestational age in connection with amniotic epithelial differentiation and development of basal foot processes. After 9 weeks, the yolk sac showed a marked degeneration of surface cells, accompanied by increased fibrosis of the mesenehyme. These findings are discussed with reference to the biological functions of the adnexal structures in the development of the growing embryo, and their possible role is assessed in the physiology of exchange during the first trimester of pregnancy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46972538,"asset_id":11001802,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26638461,"first_name":"Carolyn","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CarolynJones9","display_name":"Carolyn Jones","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarolynJones9?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":505,"name":"Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":2184,"name":"Electron 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Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestational_Age?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1014746,"name":"Amnion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amnion?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1027717,"name":"Embryos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryos?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1112003,"name":"Umbilical Cord","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Umbilical_Cord?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2056468,"name":"Micron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Micron?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":2222626,"name":"Amniotic Membrane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amniotic_Membrane?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24865255 coauthored" data-work_id="24865255" itemscope="itemscope" 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class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10639739/Congenital_transmission_of_experimental_leishmaniasis_in_a_hamster_model">Congenital transmission of experimental leishmaniasis in a hamster model</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Little information is available on transplacental transmission of Leishmania spp. We determined the frequency and impact of congenital infection caused by Leishmania panamensis or L. donovani in experimentally infected hamsters. A... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10639739" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Little information is available on transplacental transmission of Leishmania spp. We determined the frequency and impact of congenital infection caused by Leishmania panamensis or L. donovani in experimentally infected hamsters. A polymerase chain reaction showed that congenital transmission occurred in 25.8% (24 of 93) of offspring born to L. panamensis-infected hamsters and 14.6% (11 of 75) offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters. Mortality during lactation was higher in offspring born to L. panamensis-infected hamsters and offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters than controls, and lymphoproliferation to Leishmania was more frequent in offspring born to L. panamensisinfected hamsters (17.4%, 11 of 63) than in offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters (8.5%, 3 of 35). After weaning, only offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters had lower weight gain (P 0.001) and hematocrit levels (P = 0.0045) than controls. Challenge of offspring born to L. panamensis-infected hamsters with L. panamensis showed no differences in lesion evolution, and offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters were more susceptible to L. donovani challenge than controls. Consequently, prenatal exposure of hamsters to L. donovani significantly increased the mortality risk and susceptibility to secondary homologous infection.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10639739" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87a015f1741a3da358a3b415c68b2229" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47242647,"asset_id":10639739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47242647/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26006432" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OsorioYaneth">Yaneth Osorio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26006432" type="text/json">{"id":26006432,"first_name":"Yaneth","last_name":"Osorio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OsorioYaneth","display_name":"Yaneth Osorio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OsorioYaneth?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10639739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10639739"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10639739, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10639739", }); 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A polymerase chain reaction showed that congenital transmission occurred in 25.8% (24 of 93) of offspring born to L. panamensis-infected hamsters and 14.6% (11 of 75) offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters. Mortality during lactation was higher in offspring born to L. panamensis-infected hamsters and offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters than controls, and lymphoproliferation to Leishmania was more frequent in offspring born to L. panamensisinfected hamsters (17.4%, 11 of 63) than in offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters (8.5%, 3 of 35). After weaning, only offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters had lower weight gain (P 0.001) and hematocrit levels (P = 0.0045) than controls. Challenge of offspring born to L. panamensis-infected hamsters with L. panamensis showed no differences in lesion evolution, and offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters were more susceptible to L. donovani challenge than controls. Consequently, prenatal exposure of hamsters to L. donovani significantly increased the mortality risk and susceptibility to secondary homologous infection.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47242647,"asset_id":10639739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26006432,"first_name":"Yaneth","last_name":"Osorio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OsorioYaneth","display_name":"Yaneth Osorio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OsorioYaneth?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":49018,"name":"Spleen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spleen?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":84924,"name":"Immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunity?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":128004,"name":"Visceral Leishmaniasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visceral_Leishmaniasis?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18430201" data-work_id="18430201" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18430201/The_Placenta_as_Witness">The Placenta as Witness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18430201" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae87e716dbd874ae068d5761eacb647e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40059466,"asset_id":18430201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40059466/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38212178" href="https://weillcornell.academia.edu/RebeccaBaergen">Rebecca Baergen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38212178" type="text/json">{"id":38212178,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Baergen","domain_name":"weillcornell","page_name":"RebeccaBaergen","display_name":"Rebecca Baergen","profile_url":"https://weillcornell.academia.edu/RebeccaBaergen?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18430201 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18430201"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18430201, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18430201", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18430201]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18430201").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18430201").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18430201"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76061" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placenta">Placenta</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="76061" type="text/json">{"id":76061,"name":"Placenta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placenta?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="253560" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant">Newborn Infant</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="253560" type="text/json">{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18430201]'), work: {"id":18430201,"title":"The Placenta as Witness","created_at":"2015-11-16T03:22:21.148-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18430201/The_Placenta_as_Witness?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_18430201","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40059466,"asset_id":18430201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38212178,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Baergen","domain_name":"weillcornell","page_name":"RebeccaBaergen","display_name":"Rebecca Baergen","profile_url":"https://weillcornell.academia.edu/RebeccaBaergen?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":76061,"name":"Placenta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placenta?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":1355491,"name":"Pregnancy Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy_Outcome?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13386470" data-work_id="13386470" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13386470/Nutritional_programming_of_gastrointestinal_tract_development_Is_the_pig_a_good_model_for_man">Nutritional programming of gastrointestinal tract development. Is the pig a good model for man?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The consequences of early-life nutritional programming in man and other mammalian species have been studied chiefly at the metabolic level. Very few studies, if any, have been performed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as the target... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13386470" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The consequences of early-life nutritional programming in man and other mammalian species have been studied chiefly at the metabolic level. Very few studies, if any, have been performed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as the target organ, but extensive GIT studies are needed since the GIT plays a key role in nutrient supply and has an impact on functions of the entire organism. The possible deleterious effects of nutritional programming at the metabolic level were discovered following epidemiological studies in human subjects, and confirmed in animal models. Investigating the impact of programming on GIT structure and function would need appropriate animal models due to ethical restrictions in the use of human subjects. The aim of the present review is to discuss the use of pigs as an animal model as a compromise between ethically acceptable animal studies and the requirement of data which can be interpolated to the human situation. In nutritional programming studies, rodents are the most frequently used model for man, but GIT development and digestive function in rodents are considerably different from those in man. In that aspect, the pig GIT is much closer to the human than that of rodents. The swine species is closely comparable with man in many nutritional and digestive aspects, and thus provides ample opportunity to be used in investigations on the consequences of nutritional programming for the GIT. In particular, the 'sow -piglets' dyad could be a useful tool to simulate the 'human mother-infant' dyad in studies which examine short-, middle-and long-term effects and is suggested as the reference model.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13386470" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f847a21a2018f723d376cfdd57cc9d3d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45397770,"asset_id":13386470,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45397770/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32612944" href="https://129nowoursynowskastr.academia.edu/RomualdZabielski">Romuald Zabielski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32612944" type="text/json">{"id":32612944,"first_name":"Romuald","last_name":"Zabielski","domain_name":"129nowoursynowskastr","page_name":"RomualdZabielski","display_name":"Romuald Zabielski","profile_url":"https://129nowoursynowskastr.academia.edu/RomualdZabielski?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13386470 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13386470"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13386470, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13386470", }); 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Is the pig a good model for man?","created_at":"2015-06-28T11:12:29.841-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13386470/Nutritional_programming_of_gastrointestinal_tract_development_Is_the_pig_a_good_model_for_man?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_13386470","summary":"The consequences of early-life nutritional programming in man and other mammalian species have been studied chiefly at the metabolic level. Very few studies, if any, have been performed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as the target organ, but extensive GIT studies are needed since the GIT plays a key role in nutrient supply and has an impact on functions of the entire organism. The possible deleterious effects of nutritional programming at the metabolic level were discovered following epidemiological studies in human subjects, and confirmed in animal models. Investigating the impact of programming on GIT structure and function would need appropriate animal models due to ethical restrictions in the use of human subjects. The aim of the present review is to discuss the use of pigs as an animal model as a compromise between ethically acceptable animal studies and the requirement of data which can be interpolated to the human situation. In nutritional programming studies, rodents are the most frequently used model for man, but GIT development and digestive function in rodents are considerably different from those in man. In that aspect, the pig GIT is much closer to the human than that of rodents. The swine species is closely comparable with man in many nutritional and digestive aspects, and thus provides ample opportunity to be used in investigations on the consequences of nutritional programming for the GIT. In particular, the 'sow -piglets' dyad could be a useful tool to simulate the 'human mother-infant' dyad in studies which examine short-, middle-and long-term effects and is suggested as the reference model.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45397770,"asset_id":13386470,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32612944,"first_name":"Romuald","last_name":"Zabielski","domain_name":"129nowoursynowskastr","page_name":"RomualdZabielski","display_name":"Romuald Zabielski","profile_url":"https://129nowoursynowskastr.academia.edu/RomualdZabielski?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":43162,"name":"Fetal development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_development?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":55163,"name":"Enzymes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzymes?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":84924,"name":"Immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunity?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":100713,"name":"Digestion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digestion?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":235677,"name":"Behavioral Animal Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Animal_Models?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":238368,"name":"Milk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Milk?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":288383,"name":"Intestinal absorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestinal_absorption?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":419370,"name":"Swine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swine?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":537751,"name":"Human Milk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Milk?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":537759,"name":"Gastrointestinal Tract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastrointestinal_Tract?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":550383,"name":"Gastrointestinal motility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastrointestinal_motility?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1312083,"name":"Colostrum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colostrum?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32668630" data-work_id="32668630" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32668630/Maternal_diets_nutritional_status_and_zinc_in_contemporary_Mexican_infants_teeth_Implications_for_reconstructing_paleodiets">Maternal diets, nutritional status, and zinc in contemporary Mexican infants' teeth: Implications for reconstructing paleodiets</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite attempts to use zinc (Zn) concentrations in hard tissues to comment upon the degree of carnivory in past populations, zinc has yielded inconsistent trophic level effects. The question of what, if anything, zinc in human enamel... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32668630" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite attempts to use zinc (Zn) concentrations in hard tissues to comment upon the degree of carnivory in past populations, zinc has yielded inconsistent trophic level effects. The question of what, if anything, zinc in human enamel reveals regarding past diets is the focus of this research. We test whether the zinc content of deciduous tooth enamel from contemporary Mexican infants varies by maternal dietary variables such as zinc intake, proportion of animal products consumed, and dietary components that are known to impact zinc absorption. Deciduous teeth were collected from former participants in a longitudinal study of maternal and infant diet and function in highland Mexico. The Zn/Ca ratios of both prenatal and postnatal regions of 37 anterior teeth representing 26 individuals were assessed via laser ablation-inductively coupled</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32668630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccb19a9c3418e417f84457deca6a16fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52835553,"asset_id":32668630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52835553/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2552487" href="https://hampshire.academia.edu/AlanGoodman">Alan Goodman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2552487" type="text/json">{"id":2552487,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Goodman","domain_name":"hampshire","page_name":"AlanGoodman","display_name":"Alan Goodman","profile_url":"https://hampshire.academia.edu/AlanGoodman?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2552487/796081/990662/s65_alan.goodman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32668630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32668630"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32668630, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32668630", }); 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The question of what, if anything, zinc in human enamel reveals regarding past diets is the focus of this research. We test whether the zinc content of deciduous tooth enamel from contemporary Mexican infants varies by maternal dietary variables such as zinc intake, proportion of animal products consumed, and dietary components that are known to impact zinc absorption. Deciduous teeth were collected from former participants in a longitudinal study of maternal and infant diet and function in highland Mexico. The Zn/Ca ratios of both prenatal and postnatal regions of 37 anterior teeth representing 26 individuals were assessed via laser ablation-inductively coupled","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52835553,"asset_id":32668630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2552487,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Goodman","domain_name":"hampshire","page_name":"AlanGoodman","display_name":"Alan Goodman","profile_url":"https://hampshire.academia.edu/AlanGoodman?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2552487/796081/990662/s65_alan.goodman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":9534,"name":"Calcium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":42996,"name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":43881,"name":"Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":158165,"name":"Zinc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zinc?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":192551,"name":"Nutritional Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutritional_Status?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":205461,"name":"Bioavailability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioavailability?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":224577,"name":"Trace Elements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trace_Elements?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":617771,"name":"MEXICO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MEXICO-2015?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":709300,"name":"Trace element","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trace_element?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":804094,"name":"Tooth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tooth?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1485895,"name":"Maternal Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Effect?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1929419,"name":"Nino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nino?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21220482 coauthored" data-work_id="21220482" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21220482/Evolution_of_Maternofetal_Transport_of_Immunoglobulins_During_Human_Pregnancy">Evolution of Maternofetal Transport of Immunoglobulins During Human Pregnancy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Nicoluides KH, Schneider H. Evolution of maternofetul transport of immunoglobulins during human pregnancy. AJRl1996; 36248-255.0 Munksgaard, Copenhagen PROBLEM:</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21220482" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2ca39d6895124491bbfd745a3ab67040" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41768582,"asset_id":21220482,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41768582/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42363549" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntoineMalek">Antoine Malek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42363549" type="text/json">{"id":42363549,"first_name":"Antoine","last_name":"Malek","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntoineMalek","display_name":"Antoine Malek","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntoineMalek?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-21220482">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-21220482"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://bern.academia.edu/HSchneider">Henning Schneider</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-21220482'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-21220482').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21220482 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21220482"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21220482; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21220482]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21220482").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21220482").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21220482"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis">Regression Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123230" type="text/json">{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151448" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American">American</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="151448" type="text/json">{"id":151448,"name":"American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21220482]'), work: {"id":21220482,"title":"Evolution of Maternofetal Transport of Immunoglobulins During Human Pregnancy","created_at":"2016-01-30T02:32:50.934-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21220482/Evolution_of_Maternofetal_Transport_of_Immunoglobulins_During_Human_Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_21220482","summary":"Nicoluides KH, Schneider H. Evolution of maternofetul transport of immunoglobulins during human pregnancy. AJRl1996; 36248-255.0 Munksgaard, Copenhagen PROBLEM:","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41768582,"asset_id":21220482,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42363549,"first_name":"Antoine","last_name":"Malek","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntoineMalek","display_name":"Antoine Malek","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntoineMalek?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":35683146,"first_name":"Henning","last_name":"Schneider","domain_name":"bern","page_name":"HSchneider","display_name":"Henning Schneider","profile_url":"https://bern.academia.edu/HSchneider?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":151448,"name":"American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":797418,"name":"Gestational Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestational_Age?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1312086,"name":"Immunoglobulins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulins?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1716403,"name":"immunoglobulin G","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/immunoglobulin_G?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18604615 coauthored" data-work_id="18604615" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18604615/REVIEW_ARTICLE_Fetomaternal_Immunotolerance">REVIEW ARTICLE: Fetomaternal Immunotolerance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Trophoblast is the primary fetal tissue in contact with maternal immune system. The basic contact surfaces of the fetus and maternal tissues are (i) the intervillous space, where the syncytiotrophoblast contacts with maternal blood, (ii)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18604615" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Trophoblast is the primary fetal tissue in contact with maternal immune system. The basic contact surfaces of the fetus and maternal tissues are (i) the intervillous space, where the syncytiotrophoblast contacts with maternal blood, (ii) the extravillous trophoblast, that migrates into the decidua and contacts with maternal cells mostly natural killer (NK), T cells and macrophages, and (iii) the endovascular trophoblast, that invades maternal decidua and</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18604615" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d2a7a4dba2765457c716e9cd73c5bdb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40153296,"asset_id":18604615,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40153296/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38648367" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArisAntsaklis">Aris Antsaklis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38648367" type="text/json">{"id":38648367,"first_name":"Aris","last_name":"Antsaklis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArisAntsaklis","display_name":"Aris Antsaklis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArisAntsaklis?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18604615">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18604615"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PDrakakis">P. Drakakis</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18604615'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18604615').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18604615 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18604615"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18604615, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18604615", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18604615 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18604615; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18604615"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18604615 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18604615"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18604615; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18604615]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18604615").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18604615").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18604615"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1290" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology">Immunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1290" type="text/json">{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151448" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American">American</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="151448" type="text/json">{"id":151448,"name":"American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18604615]'), work: {"id":18604615,"title":"REVIEW ARTICLE: Fetomaternal Immunotolerance","created_at":"2015-11-18T13:02:08.295-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18604615/REVIEW_ARTICLE_Fetomaternal_Immunotolerance?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_18604615","summary":"Trophoblast is the primary fetal tissue in contact with maternal immune system. The basic contact surfaces of the fetus and maternal tissues are (i) the intervillous space, where the syncytiotrophoblast contacts with maternal blood, (ii) the extravillous trophoblast, that migrates into the decidua and contacts with maternal cells mostly natural killer (NK), T cells and macrophages, and (iii) the endovascular trophoblast, that invades maternal decidua and","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40153296,"asset_id":18604615,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38648367,"first_name":"Aris","last_name":"Antsaklis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArisAntsaklis","display_name":"Aris Antsaklis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArisAntsaklis?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":38874083,"first_name":"P.","last_name":"Drakakis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PDrakakis","display_name":"P. Drakakis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PDrakakis?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":151448,"name":"American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":770944,"name":"Fetus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetus?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":894787,"name":"Immune Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_Tolerance?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34753536" data-work_id="34753536" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34753536/Proteomic_analysis_of_bovine_conceptus_fluids_during_early_pregnancy">Proteomic analysis of bovine conceptus fluids during early pregnancy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A proteomic analysis of bovine amniotic and allantoic fluids collected around Day 45 of gestation was performed using gel-based and LC-based MS workflows. A depletion/enrichment protocol using ultrafiltration under denaturing and reducing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34753536" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A proteomic analysis of bovine amniotic and allantoic fluids collected around Day 45 of gestation was performed using gel-based and LC-based MS workflows. A depletion/enrichment protocol using ultrafiltration under denaturing and reducing conditions produced an enriched fraction containing protein species predominantly between 5 and 50 kDa molecular weight. The analyses of conceptus fluid proteins were performed using two strategies; first, 2-DE coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of individual protein spots and second, a global protein snapshot of the enriched 5-50 kDa protein fraction by LC-ESI-MS/MS and LC-MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. Allocation of bovine specific protein identities was achieved by searching the Interactive Bovine In Silico SNP (IBISS) and NCBInr protein sequence databases resulting in the confident PMF identification and MS/MS confirmation of .200 2-DE generated allantoic fluids protein spots (74 individual protein species identified) and the MS/MS peptide identification of 105 LC-ESI-MS/MS generated protein identities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34753536" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3c6195631ac64d08013347b25a32c50" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54613615,"asset_id":34753536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54613615/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14490253" href="https://ucd.academia.edu/AlunJones">Alun Jones</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14490253" type="text/json">{"id":14490253,"first_name":"Alun","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"ucd","page_name":"AlunJones","display_name":"Alun Jones","profile_url":"https://ucd.academia.edu/AlunJones?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14490253/36344967/31163260/s65_alun.jones.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34753536 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34753536"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34753536, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34753536", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34753536]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34753536").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34753536").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34753536"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9786" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics">Proteomics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9786" type="text/json">{"id":9786,"name":"Proteomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161719" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amniotic_Fluid">Amniotic Fluid</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="161719" type="text/json">{"id":161719,"name":"Amniotic Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amniotic_Fluid?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34753536]'), work: {"id":34753536,"title":"Proteomic analysis of bovine conceptus fluids during early pregnancy","created_at":"2017-10-03T09:39:19.712-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34753536/Proteomic_analysis_of_bovine_conceptus_fluids_during_early_pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_34753536","summary":"A proteomic analysis of bovine amniotic and allantoic fluids collected around Day 45 of gestation was performed using gel-based and LC-based MS workflows. A depletion/enrichment protocol using ultrafiltration under denaturing and reducing conditions produced an enriched fraction containing protein species predominantly between 5 and 50 kDa molecular weight. The analyses of conceptus fluid proteins were performed using two strategies; first, 2-DE coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of individual protein spots and second, a global protein snapshot of the enriched 5-50 kDa protein fraction by LC-ESI-MS/MS and LC-MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. Allocation of bovine specific protein identities was achieved by searching the Interactive Bovine In Silico SNP (IBISS) and NCBInr protein sequence databases resulting in the confident PMF identification and MS/MS confirmation of .200 2-DE generated allantoic fluids protein spots (74 individual protein species identified) and the MS/MS peptide identification of 105 LC-ESI-MS/MS generated protein identities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54613615,"asset_id":34753536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14490253,"first_name":"Alun","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"ucd","page_name":"AlunJones","display_name":"Alun Jones","profile_url":"https://ucd.academia.edu/AlunJones?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14490253/36344967/31163260/s65_alun.jones.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9786,"name":"Proteomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":161719,"name":"Amniotic Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amniotic_Fluid?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":225787,"name":"High Performance Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":260829,"name":"Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":326380,"name":"Liquid Chromatography / Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Chromatography_Electrospray_Ionization_Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":599392,"name":"Proteome analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteome_analysis?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":766010,"name":"Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Two-Dimensional_Gel_Electrophoresis?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21960699" data-work_id="21960699" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21960699/Circadian_rhythms_in_the_fetus">Circadian rhythms in the fetus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Throughout gestation, the close relationship between mothers and their progeny ensures adequate development and a successful transition to postnatal life. By living inside the maternal compartment, the fetus is inevitably exposed to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21960699" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Throughout gestation, the close relationship between mothers and their progeny ensures adequate development and a successful transition to postnatal life. By living inside the maternal compartment, the fetus is inevitably exposed to rhythms of the maternal internal milieu such as temperature; rhythms originated by maternal food intake and maternal melatonin, one of the few maternal hormones that cross the placenta unaltered. The fetus, immature by adult standards, is however perfectly fit to accomplish the dual functions of living in the uterine environment and developing the necessary tools to ''mature'' for the next step, i.e. to be a competent newborn. In the fetal physiological context, organ function differs from the same organ's function in the newborn and adult. This may also extend to the developing circadian system. The information reviewed here suggests that the fetal circadian system is organized differently from that of the adult. Moreover, the fetal circadian rhythm is not just present simply as the initial immature expression of a mechanism that has function in the postnatal animal only. We propose that the fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and fetal organs are peripheral maternal circadian oscillators, entrained by different maternal signals. Conceptually, the arrangement produces internal temporal order during fetal life, inside the maternal compartment. Following birth, it will allow for postnatal integration of the scattered fetal circadian clocks into an adult-like circadian system commanded by the SCN.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21960699" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c15831f7547b632b047409087698d477" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42678406,"asset_id":21960699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42678406/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43211919" href="https://utem-cl.academia.edu/FranciscoValenzuela">Francisco Valenzuela</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43211919" type="text/json">{"id":43211919,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Valenzuela","domain_name":"utem-cl","page_name":"FranciscoValenzuela","display_name":"Francisco Valenzuela","profile_url":"https://utem-cl.academia.edu/FranciscoValenzuela?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43211919/113796736/103070279/s65_francisco.valenzuela.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21960699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21960699"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21960699, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21960699", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21960699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21960699; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21960699"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21960699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21960699"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21960699; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21960699]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21960699").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21960699").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21960699"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51570" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melatonin">Melatonin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51570" type="text/json">{"id":51570,"name":"Melatonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melatonin?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63067" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_cellular_biology">Molecular and cellular biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63067" type="text/json">{"id":63067,"name":"Molecular and cellular biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_cellular_biology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21960699]'), work: {"id":21960699,"title":"Circadian rhythms in the fetus","created_at":"2016-02-14T12:00:46.407-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21960699/Circadian_rhythms_in_the_fetus?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_21960699","summary":"Throughout gestation, the close relationship between mothers and their progeny ensures adequate development and a successful transition to postnatal life. By living inside the maternal compartment, the fetus is inevitably exposed to rhythms of the maternal internal milieu such as temperature; rhythms originated by maternal food intake and maternal melatonin, one of the few maternal hormones that cross the placenta unaltered. The fetus, immature by adult standards, is however perfectly fit to accomplish the dual functions of living in the uterine environment and developing the necessary tools to ''mature'' for the next step, i.e. to be a competent newborn. In the fetal physiological context, organ function differs from the same organ's function in the newborn and adult. This may also extend to the developing circadian system. The information reviewed here suggests that the fetal circadian system is organized differently from that of the adult. Moreover, the fetal circadian rhythm is not just present simply as the initial immature expression of a mechanism that has function in the postnatal animal only. We propose that the fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and fetal organs are peripheral maternal circadian oscillators, entrained by different maternal signals. Conceptually, the arrangement produces internal temporal order during fetal life, inside the maternal compartment. Following birth, it will allow for postnatal integration of the scattered fetal circadian clocks into an adult-like circadian system commanded by the SCN.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42678406,"asset_id":21960699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43211919,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Valenzuela","domain_name":"utem-cl","page_name":"FranciscoValenzuela","display_name":"Francisco Valenzuela","profile_url":"https://utem-cl.academia.edu/FranciscoValenzuela?f_ri=1653420","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43211919/113796736/103070279/s65_francisco.valenzuela.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":51570,"name":"Melatonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melatonin?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":63067,"name":"Molecular and cellular biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_and_cellular_biology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":82270,"name":"Close relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Close_relationships?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":89121,"name":"Circadian Rhythm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circadian_Rhythm?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":174781,"name":"Oscillations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oscillations?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":207737,"name":"Fetal Programming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetal_Programming?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":241044,"name":"Food intake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_intake?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":770944,"name":"Fetus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetus?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1035362,"name":"Circadian Clock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circadian_Clock?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1035364,"name":"Suprachiasmatic Nucleus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suprachiasmatic_Nucleus?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25146883 coauthored" data-work_id="25146883" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25146883/Use_of_Glucocorticoids_in_Pregnancy">Use of Glucocorticoids in Pregnancy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25146883" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb52bd3ce89549c7b015086261f623ce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45468344,"asset_id":25146883,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45468344/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48436918" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatellaA">A. Patella</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48436918" type="text/json">{"id":48436918,"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Patella","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatellaA","display_name":"A. Patella","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatellaA?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-25146883">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-25146883"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ValerioAlessandra">Alessandra Valerio</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-25146883'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-25146883').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25146883 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25146883"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25146883, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25146883", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25146883 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25146883; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25146883"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25146883 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25146883"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25146883; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25146883]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25146883").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25146883").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25146883"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389152" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Current">Current</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389152" type="text/json">{"id":389152,"name":"Current","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Current?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="725563" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teratogens">Teratogens</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="725563" type="text/json">{"id":725563,"name":"Teratogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teratogens?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1293308" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucocorticoids">Glucocorticoids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1293308" type="text/json">{"id":1293308,"name":"Glucocorticoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucocorticoids?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25146883]'), work: {"id":25146883,"title":"Use of Glucocorticoids in Pregnancy","created_at":"2016-05-08T23:25:47.475-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25146883/Use_of_Glucocorticoids_in_Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_25146883","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45468344,"asset_id":25146883,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48436918,"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Patella","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatellaA","display_name":"A. Patella","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatellaA?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":48518360,"first_name":"Alessandra","last_name":"Valerio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ValerioAlessandra","display_name":"Alessandra Valerio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ValerioAlessandra?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":389152,"name":"Current","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Current?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":725563,"name":"Teratogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teratogens?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":1293308,"name":"Glucocorticoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucocorticoids?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22457473" data-work_id="22457473" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22457473/Fetal_maternal_communication_The_role_of_Notch_signalling_in_embryo_implantation">Fetal-maternal communication: The role of Notch signalling in embryo implantation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The establishment of a successful pregnancy requires the implantation of a competent blastocyst into a &#39;receptive&#39; endometrium, facilitating the formation of a functional placenta. Inadequate or inappropriate implantation and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22457473" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The establishment of a successful pregnancy requires the implantation of a competent blastocyst into a &#39;receptive&#39; endometrium, facilitating the formation of a functional placenta. Inadequate or inappropriate implantation and placentation is a major reason for infertility and is thought to lead to first trimester miscarriage, placental insufficiency and other obstetric complications. Blastocyst-endometrial interactions are critical for implantation and placental formation.The Notch signalling family is a receptor-ligand family that regulates cellular processes as diverse as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, invasion and adhesion. Notch signalling is achieved via cell-cell interaction, thus, via Notch, cells can have direct effects on the fate of their neighbours. Recently, a number of studies have identified Notch receptors and ligands in the endometrium, blastocyst and placenta. This review collates current knowledge of this large receptor-ligand family and explore...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22457473" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e687b9790327700b4b81c26448ebcf94" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43074686,"asset_id":22457473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43074686/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36038578" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EllenMenkhorst">Ellen Menkhorst</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36038578" type="text/json">{"id":36038578,"first_name":"Ellen","last_name":"Menkhorst","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EllenMenkhorst","display_name":"Ellen Menkhorst","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EllenMenkhorst?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22457473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22457473"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22457473, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22457473", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22457473]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22457473").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22457473").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22457473"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction">Reproduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4559" type="text/json">{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38831" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction">Signal Transduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38831" type="text/json">{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22457473]'), work: {"id":22457473,"title":"Fetal-maternal communication: The role of Notch signalling in embryo implantation","created_at":"2016-02-25T16:41:43.496-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22457473/Fetal_maternal_communication_The_role_of_Notch_signalling_in_embryo_implantation?f_ri=1653420","dom_id":"work_22457473","summary":"The establishment of a successful pregnancy requires the implantation of a competent blastocyst into a \u0026#39;receptive\u0026#39; endometrium, facilitating the formation of a functional placenta. Inadequate or inappropriate implantation and placentation is a major reason for infertility and is thought to lead to first trimester miscarriage, placental insufficiency and other obstetric complications. Blastocyst-endometrial interactions are critical for implantation and placental formation.The Notch signalling family is a receptor-ligand family that regulates cellular processes as diverse as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, invasion and adhesion. Notch signalling is achieved via cell-cell interaction, thus, via Notch, cells can have direct effects on the fate of their neighbours. Recently, a number of studies have identified Notch receptors and ligands in the endometrium, blastocyst and placenta. This review collates current knowledge of this large receptor-ligand family and explore...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43074686,"asset_id":22457473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36038578,"first_name":"Ellen","last_name":"Menkhorst","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EllenMenkhorst","display_name":"Ellen Menkhorst","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EllenMenkhorst?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=1653420","nofollow":true},{"id":76061,"name":"Placenta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placenta?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1246876,"name":"Endometrium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endometrium?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1462383,"name":"Placentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placentation?f_ri=1653420"},{"id":1653420,"name":"Maternal-fetal exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal-fetal_exchange?f_ri=1653420"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19315750" data-work_id="19315750" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19315750/Relation_of_childhood_brain_tumors_to_exposure_of_parents_and_children_to_tobacco_smoke_The_Search_international_case_control_study">Relation of childhood brain tumors to exposure of parents and children to tobacco smoke: The Search international case-control study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The etiology of childhood brain tumors (CBTs) remains unknown. Tobacco smoke contains several known carcinogens and can induce DNA adducts in human placenta and hemoglobin adducts in fetuses. We present the results of an international... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19315750" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The etiology of childhood brain tumors (CBTs) remains unknown. Tobacco smoke contains several known carcinogens and can induce DNA adducts in human placenta and hemoglobin adducts in fetuses. We present the results of an international case-control study to evaluate the association between CBTs and exposure of parents and children to cigarette smoke. The study was undertaken as part of the SEARCH program of the IARC. Nine centers in 7 countries were involved. The studies mainly covered the 1980s and early 1990s. Cases (1,218, ages 0 -19 years) were children newly diagnosed with a primary brain tumor; there were 2,223 population-based controls. Most mothers who agreed to participate were interviewed in person at home. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex and center, for all types of CBT combined, 4 CBT histotypes, 5 age groups and each center. There was no association between the risk of brain tumors in the child and parental smoking prior to pregnancy, maternal smoking or regular exposure to others' cigarette smoke during pregnancy at home or at work, or passive smoking by the child during the first year of life. These results did not change considering the child's age at diagnosis, the histologic type of tumor or center.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19315750" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c8f2de7c530517e33beebaae63010f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40552270,"asset_id":19315750,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40552270/download_file?st=MTczOTkxNzkyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39572339" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusanPrestonmartin">Susan Preston-martin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39572339" type="text/json">{"id":39572339,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Preston-martin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusanPrestonmartin","display_name":"Susan Preston-martin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusanPrestonmartin?f_ri=1653420","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19315750 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19315750"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19315750, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19315750", }); 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Tobacco smoke contains several known carcinogens and can induce DNA adducts in human placenta and hemoglobin adducts in fetuses. We present the results of an international case-control study to evaluate the association between CBTs and exposure of parents and children to cigarette smoke. The study was undertaken as part of the SEARCH program of the IARC. Nine centers in 7 countries were involved. The studies mainly covered the 1980s and early 1990s. Cases (1,218, ages 0 -19 years) were children newly diagnosed with a primary brain tumor; there were 2,223 population-based controls. Most mothers who agreed to participate were interviewed in person at home. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex and center, for all types of CBT combined, 4 CBT histotypes, 5 age groups and each center. 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