CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91458db3cf88ce55',cH: 'MOOO4TpEAMxRh5HLCZ.mxSMgYuE2Ix4T0g4L4xYYqbg-1739960732-1.2.1.1-08DBbVodGLSZtnScSJXLEgZYPx1jiNrfdxWUj8EDZn3sGcUC5U34HB1ZmpArkvMD',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=political%20culture&__cf_chl_tk=pBvygRsaIdSv.D5LXJ5CqRWj.4J7pgKes0h_OWsTb4Y-1739960732-1.0.1.1-RtJ1rVd_jN6DAvkn3aWjPIdVPdpFQZ8Tnu2NhzXFl9E",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739960732',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=political%20culture&__cf_chl_f_tk=pBvygRsaIdSv.D5LXJ5CqRWj.4J7pgKes0h_OWsTb4Y-1739960732-1.0.1.1-RtJ1rVd_jN6DAvkn3aWjPIdVPdpFQZ8Tnu2NhzXFl9E",md: "zMwI0P1z.fbx6sWC31W5qZ7JEBMdROpuOrOhPmsWsOc-1739960732-1.2.1.1-SzHnlZSAPKWOeMVdoZqRr3ENzY9W14i1eDN5kLad.7a.NGtQaFjAWKVvgtcHs4peA0Z3TgmbPnBLNIeovBZ5HqkfQ3Jb.ZBhXGAWJgoTtVOrv.0NwdlHuRwUpMgkB.reoDc.DqLRfsWH9HSCTq3pTEdNX7Qvn6T7YyaTXdrNulGOyjGGkblYDqw4W_KjMvxIDuqt.sUWkK.r_MDwbxzyNuVI5bdhvCfYo57aBmIlkaIHWeQa_IJN.SvtptfncFx3RTD1Tuuw9KWnM7hGnrJCe08DE65zozqUAe0hdSgcacjjzjg0KZuNFTLRozXfS04e56Q3W.xGJDugYGZJmzL8EVh.DEO44XfeY0ogr917Z3d_P3iMuULTKtzAS0CmT.TAIMbE74bk0eBKViustTWx7ULqTIEv3P1GACXlxAP78d0Cfx8VTRh4Rwj8XE7svCSZmU2v6QJUfjE8.0EdnWgtefKtkZbHMcnDLJ9Ebv8NYk71nv8MSFiiOnMa8tB9k4DMBdZhXJoID0U6k693VcRB8WPW6xn6vzv6xQTtetLIR3QbeP_l.Ry5iShBAUvxIZMCMlGUvjQTjjErvEV5K14HIKoUcOFY7TftNhSYv5BfsVivrxVyBsBHhQgGRD3E6nUzxT9pmgkmSR08QFNIlUSwNgxo277KhTOkN35DNXmCCAE.SNj.pzrxZrZUmsz9czt4Y_lE.A92kWtHa6w7vRSxJ5l6RQWIcfju9XQFV0HCg_3UYWYtvCJL3aQSz.cQwWlZwFQzBCyzt6gvMTK11e60ylYiTqmf1pWC6go2bySBtgx8TWg9.NW1y_8irvpZdfocd9RUS_1qwgvH5qsC8FdX7SLMVXN.8Ym0DsyQU5J5nDK2SSqu.ZZavQgMDNoe6NcpTtSuCl_BVrh0LoAxMvykJk2XbB38ZxdEC0z3NGsCMmN2bITtamTlpm81qJdS67o87mSWB.Jm80lRpDmzS1x.t9BNUrJ5c4WP4oEsVQeaX6htjvpX.jCcfKnigj0dG8e1sxet2zZTZu12qYRWiu8FcdSwvJ9idc6NGsmyAgC.3Ij7kKc5cJj0J.mAByiArm6WfOMGnderyBLD_MlVnivKUPcoBDOpaFSb9IXvVj.Z9G2d_dA8HbIhjXwOQbDpuzjR7ozynE8EiSPnmM80dnCqW7haSUc8wi1dM6mrHYWKAVK5pONrI2CbEy2h17tt34iqvs2l6srULt55ytd1C6h3pPKs8i3fFrcZfb4vFCOo_VRVxSxHQttJEyHko0InkJHIqBhw7ScyhwQR6eRsjeqbirsD4uPd0Uq.bb2AiDh3adPZ_D9lLByMfBNtnDDdFos0PjAvzCf_pUWqxCX_80PwduReKJYGJmG0rQHLN2Vf7uxieXlVgvKEMO0h31e7Fgk3gtB4uHVv1Bbl7rV6iF9I.fjge.78kbvIPIQuqawtLxmaBaYEvwMx.NbC7eaG7PWHcimOZ6xontdo1_4vN8OzuY1Ftpu5sjrYCmrRYBi1sIB0wnyuUa4hStC_9vQZu1sqWQSVITNyWoWuaysNYQWQm9M54qtwjwq.inWUvyxY9uKWnfP.rHOS.ZBfbe5xVkmNVx2aAbQnWACLsxfE7KYFlp2yKvIOvczkjFqC3dVFsCEkN.gZljxgmbfiSBCmPksqXlo7C.i8QhmFaUkZ49OHhYbKiVL7AD6JIRHeRv_MnouEphQRe5YG_BxNEalATTKu5LOIn.o1yzoHyRzhlCeJXEKtWLFWLqlaj86TVgeSvEYp19UoKnhtURl2pW0KgOytRPmrH27CeXXRULEd94EwYGEw14TgdminmCXHYOYqRJF37Y0_fpJxdTyyCRmuPwvr.iPiMPfJNrMusaMLoh2073odzsX4Q8_v9Yd86C5anJ1d_IJdFqOZIrjUeYsa_B6AJEfOl1v1H_bsPV1OaLScE1PEZ6t.rVDNGxRCTuJR3JM",mdrd: "9zIXzi.C3twHNoQWOkcygOvhOW6ASAnE8DT3D4e3Txw-1739960732-1.2.1.1-vUoG5WpDj0S4hFCmjENnzLfjBbgs61ZK6fD1sC25Hgo.4NECD2X71v4niwaleFz8Ko7R7pBEOlXmVNuYLUHMvEj2PuqS0DuXFFDJByEltaJmqf.Q1RwHMxqL.M9EZTnyCaOBCf64GrAQiJbtEw_zCAj1BjFxV3K0zr20BOfPfi1ovF_bqHIQVRFjlonZIFoUJarGieSi5.rSJvKJHtEnfbkCipLIKKMOfvX3i70UOgdDhARh_sG7yb0iKua4b10iSbFzuMFcalusYOrhulVvWepfKdLTfhReWkskFF7UTKAz2z3yeLSRqSDc7pgKj6M91Cw1ZGbved9CJSRlUPonxrSa49JWBqsKg3ZyigW8XeJ.8QH5SnlaJ8L3TNW9UEWfl70ZksgIbL2dVb7rONql70sAdByDgd1OZrKhgzIrfhbH765trpVLe7b8pnJzWJ0E0CudT.5BbkLaVvEiYbjUmzgItwdIDdfVVjUbYpYaq8hHCO.xQRz_mNBhMHUKu151D3N2lsPZ2FwXmpwCLoIXhBuYRAR.vi3uhTT7uFJDZEcyj0M9NV8dJQ2qdz.uQEQBHfHG1cNlP.oXPy94qsDtuklSlVsjlNscaUxPQBKQQbleNmqAKq9T3B_yBJnm94rSed8HeFv5iePoWdJB5iOaAkQa_P0CSF22mJsM4grq7BtPgrIca13ltPLsJ_7sWUknnj9kDkwzpO60xbkNPOOxEnluJ1M6eyUeU3DtcZAvro5u5UVUXm_6RerhgQ_eEm0geVjcyxMsvJ_S50LDaBaRHUlE8kH81G0EsTgbL4rNxFtlyHPjdYRGsg4YCcPaEYJqrXxRKUp9xZ6.Lqy3WhQG.FvXAZJC1QzkkQpPVKaSxwM1.vZkB1fwhdbjT2lj3W6pDW1kz9ufNGUrG9Lt1cJnEr4eLgy_d21PR4bJBT5wodSagKs3.eZq0lLVpwTRWwy_O4m24X1hVPMH9iX06nkIa9FqXzYZ1al5ptKrrenLmpy5iZYJiaxea45hVpEGTERlXhcxAd.oojUSd76oSzt0AD1orJ5cH2wQsA2VvLI8iAzcPvpYNiY3deh0UMFzh00H2P0mes8ZG7znw8f5Ai3rhlDs42iaK6r7VFzT.jupNja1Ypqe92tyTxHoquqrpMruxQkONfR15J7FVgHSspz9r8Y5f0f3ey.2Pdhpv.LyaiVcAfwZSnBCULzmsaNcfLqEzjMvbpfU4EDsRg7zaDcsv8JqoX3mHv1Eyho2aFUI8BykiBKGDPeryMadaXTm2frSCI3oZV8T5vFoCy9M75vEoLerN5OGxZBegK335S8uWEN5sMIkTuTmBBPzzH9fYvmM5xWuv2QpkZMqzgcyiHjvW1aSyGvfITINVup15iN_2tLm9W73tWw8Bb9_4ySwnmj1R7Q83UkKgB9IWG1jf_lw_hO3mQQ1kqRpNedv3lYuhAl2wag8qO3l.evxTRevUybMc57j8v9UuyReo6GiWpfrA4jzoqJhxR.jFIw4Af5H9G7zEsnVr57SrkOmuSbziuxmVo93QEDu6DjeuGCZWjqPVK0Fhjs2ImYp_8GYcW5OZjjKDmcRpToPthSpr.PqM7k9A6tMJ6SVJPiAKT7nCGiDE_LRRcs6q4HpFhn4NoOdJTBtHm2hO.nrJ0AtX.yxd62mqzl_.fxh_jukjD7_F2kuRQNSYcUCZe5FuO4J0XhWKbH7_yStpOk2Pb9eQTOdtzxDvkLBCL9CYVyrO44vqMfyFop1k98pM4r11LI1aspGoVSc207ny.lo09ttx2991pYRVAndCP4KQgJY0e5QV94p24XjOB0ld6omyQkjibGVCZv9oVq4ziLKi3Vsln64Gaw5mo9TTmfiWuKoCTXawEapu05r6nlUvnJ93zqacWV1pX2X4.g93sXhB56d9uILNyBo1Fqli1nL.nqNRTctkO2rr_JTG8rQnVKqJvA7azH26YXBbYZcaNBeocLAJfFDgaDkCvrYNyL8l8xIqnsBkUn7TA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91458db3cf88ce55';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=political%20culture&__cf_chl_rt_tk=pBvygRsaIdSv.D5LXJ5CqRWj.4J7pgKes0h_OWsTb4Y-1739960732-1.0.1.1-RtJ1rVd_jN6DAvkn3aWjPIdVPdpFQZ8Tnu2NhzXFl9E" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>