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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-WIMP_interface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-WIMP_interface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Post-WIMP interface</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-WIMP_interface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Interaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Early efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Popularization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_to_other_interfaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_to_other_interfaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Comparison to other interfaces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comparison_to_other_interfaces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Comparison to other interfaces subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Comparison_to_other_interfaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Command-line_interfaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command-line_interfaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Command-line interfaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Command-line_interfaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GUI_wrappers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GUI_wrappers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>GUI wrappers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GUI_wrappers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Three-dimensional_graphical_user_interface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three-dimensional_graphical_user_interface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Three-dimensional graphical user interface</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Three-dimensional_graphical_user_interface-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Three-dimensional graphical user interface subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Three-dimensional_graphical_user_interface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_science_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_science_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>In science fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_science_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Graphical user interface</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="واجهة مستخدم رسومية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واجهة مستخدم رسومية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfaz_gr%C3%A1fica_d%27usuariu" title="Interfaz gráfica d'usuariu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Interfaz gráfica d'usuariu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrafik_istifad%C9%99%C3%A7i_interfeysi" title="Qrafik istifadəçi interfeysi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrafik istifadəçi interfeysi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B7%DB%8C" title="قرافیکی ایشلدن واسیطی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قرافیکی ایشلدن واسیطی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="গ্রাফিক্যাল ইউজার ইন্টারফেস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রাফিক্যাল ইউজার ইন্টারফেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Графічны інтэрфейс карыстальніка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Графічны інтэрфейс карыстальніка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Графичен потребителски интерфейс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Графичен потребителски интерфейс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafi%C4%8Dki_korisni%C4%8Dki_interfejs" title="Grafički korisnički interfejs – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grafički korisnički interfejs" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interf%C3%ADcie_gr%C3%A0fica_d%27usuari" title="Interfície gràfica d'usuari – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Interfície gràfica d'usuari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafick%C3%A9_u%C5%BEivatelsk%C3%A9_rozhran%C3%AD" title="Grafické uživatelské rozhraní – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Grafické uživatelské rozhraní" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafisk_brugerflade" title="Grafisk brugerflade – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grafisk brugerflade" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafische_Benutzeroberfl%C3%A4che" title="Grafische Benutzeroberfläche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grafische Benutzeroberfläche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graafiline_kasutajaliides" title="Graafiline kasutajaliides – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Graafiline kasutajaliides" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CF%87%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Γραφικό περιβάλλον χρήστη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραφικό περιβάλλον χρήστη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfaz_gr%C3%A1fica_de_usuario" title="Interfaz gráfica de usuario – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Interfaz gráfica de usuario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafika_uzantinterfaco" title="Grafika uzantinterfaco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grafika uzantinterfaco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI" title="GUI – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="GUI" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="رابط کاربری گرافیکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابط کاربری گرافیکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_graphique" title="Interface graphique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interface graphique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comh%C3%A9adan_grafach_%C3%BAs%C3%A1ideora" title="Comhéadan grafach úsáideora – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhéadan grafach úsáideora" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_gr%C3%A1fica_de_usuario" title="Interface gráfica de usuario – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Interface gráfica de usuario" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%94%BD_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90_%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="그래픽 사용자 인터페이스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그래픽 사용자 인터페이스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="चित्रितोप योजक सम्पर्क साधन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चित्रितोप योजक सम्पर्क साधन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafi%C4%8Dko_korisni%C4%8Dko_su%C4%8Delje" title="Grafičko korisničko sučelje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grafičko korisničko sučelje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafikala_uzer-interkonekto" title="Grafikala uzer-interkonekto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Grafikala uzer-interkonekto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarmuka_pengguna_grafis" title="Antarmuka pengguna grafis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antarmuka pengguna grafis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfacie_graphic_de_usator" title="Interfacie graphic de usator – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Interfacie graphic de usator" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myndr%C3%A6nt_vi%C3%B0m%C3%B3t" title="Myndrænt viðmót – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Myndrænt viðmót" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfaccia_grafica" title="Interfaccia grafica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interfaccia grafica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99" title="ממשק משתמש גרפי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממשק משתמש גרפי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მომხმარებლის გრაფიკული ინტერფეისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მომხმარებლის გრაფიკული ინტერფეისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%96" title="Пайдаланушының графикалық интерфейсі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пайдаланушының графикалық интерфейсі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiolesura_michoro_cha_mtumiaji" title="Kiolesura michoro cha mtumiaji – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiolesura michoro cha mtumiaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI" title="GUI – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="GUI" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafisk%C4%81_lietot%C4%81ja_saskarne" title="Grafiskā lietotāja saskarne – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grafiskā lietotāja saskarne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafin%C4%97_s%C4%85saja" title="Grafinė sąsaja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Grafinė sąsaja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfacia_grafica" title="Interfacia grafica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Interfacia grafica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafikus_felhaszn%C3%A1l%C3%B3i_fel%C3%BClet" title="Grafikus felhasználói felület – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Grafikus felhasználói felület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗ്രാഫിക്കൽ യൂസർ ഇന്റർഫേസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രാഫിക്കൽ യൂസർ ഇന്റർഫേസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antara_muka_grafik_pengguna" title="Antara muka grafik pengguna – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antara muka grafik pengguna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Хэрэглэгчийн график интерфейс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хэрэглэгчийн график интерфейс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafische_gebruikersomgeving" title="Grafische gebruikersomgeving – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grafische gebruikersomgeving" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="グラフィカルユーザインタフェース – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グラフィカルユーザインタフェース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafisk_brukergrensesnitt" title="Grafisk brukergrensesnitt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grafisk brukergrensesnitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Графике интерфейс – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Графике интерфейс" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8" title="ਗਰਾਫੀਕਲ ਯੂਜ਼ਰ ਇੰਟਰਫੇਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਰਾਫੀਕਲ ਯੂਜ਼ਰ ਇੰਟਰਫੇਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="گرافیکل یوزر انٹرفیس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گرافیکل یوزر انٹرفیس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6verflach_(Reekner)" title="Böverflach (Reekner) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Böverflach (Reekner)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graficzny_interfejs_u%C5%BCytkownika" title="Graficzny interfejs użytkownika – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Graficzny interfejs użytkownika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_gr%C3%A1fica_do_utilizador" title="Interface gráfica do utilizador – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Interface gráfica do utilizador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafikal%C4%B1q_paydalan%C4%B1wsh%C4%B1_interfeysi" title="Grafikalıq paydalanıwshı interfeysi – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Grafikalıq paydalanıwshı interfeysi" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfa%C8%9B%C4%83_grafic%C4%83" title="Interfață grafică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Interfață grafică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Графический интерфейс пользователя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Графический интерфейс пользователя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_uiser_interface" title="Graphical uiser interface – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Graphical uiser interface" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nd%C3%ABrfaqja_grafike_e_p%C3%ABrdoruesit" title="Ndërfaqja grafike e përdoruesit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndërfaqja grafike e përdoruesit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfaces_and_consoles" title="Graphical user interfaces and consoles – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Graphical user interfaces and consoles" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafick%C3%A9_pou%C5%BE%C3%ADvate%C4%BEsk%C3%A9_rozhranie" title="Grafické používateľské rozhranie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grafické používateľské rozhranie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafi%C4%8Dni_uporabni%C5%A1ki_vmesnik" title="Grafični uporabniški vmesnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grafični uporabniški vmesnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1" title="نێوانەڕووی نیگارەیی بەکارھێنەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نێوانەڕووی نیگارەیی بەکارھێنەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafi%C4%8Dki_korisni%C4%8Dki_interfejs" title="Grafički korisnički interfejs – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Grafički korisnički interfejs" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafi%C4%8Dki_korisni%C4%8Dki_interfejs" title="Grafički korisnički interfejs – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grafički korisnički interfejs" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graafinen_k%C3%A4ytt%C3%B6liittym%C3%A4" title="Graafinen käyttöliittymä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Graafinen käyttöliittymä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiskt_anv%C3%A4ndargr%C3%A4nssnitt" title="Grafiskt användargränssnitt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grafiskt användargränssnitt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Graphical user interface" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வரைகலை பயனர் இடைமுகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வரைகலை பயனர் இடைமுகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="గ్రాఫికల్ యూజర్ ఇంటర్ ఫేస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రాఫికల్ యూజర్ ఇంటర్ ఫేస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89" title="ส่วนต่อประสานกราฟิกกับผู้ใช้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ส่วนต่อประสานกราฟิกกับผู้ใช้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Восити нигораии корбар – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Восити нигораии корбар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiksel_kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1_aray%C3%BCz%C3%BC" title="Grafiksel kullanıcı arayüzü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Grafiksel kullanıcı arayüzü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Графічний інтерфейс користувача – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Графічний інтерфейс користувача" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giao_di%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_h%E1%BB%8Da_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_d%C3%B9ng" title="Giao diện đồ họa người dùng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giao diện đồ họa người dùng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="图形用户界面 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="图形用户界面" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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graphical icons and visual indicators</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"GUI" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gui_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gui (disambiguation)">Gui (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Graphical_user_interface" title="Special:EditPage/Graphical user interface">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Graphical+user+interface%22">"Graphical user interface"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Graphical+user+interface%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Graphical+user+interface%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Graphical+user+interface%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Graphical+user+interface%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Graphical+user+interface%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Example_of_a_GUI.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Example_of_a_GUI.png/240px-Example_of_a_GUI.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Example_of_a_GUI.png/360px-Example_of_a_GUI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Example_of_a_GUI.png 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>A graphical user interface (GUI) showing various elements: radio buttons, checkboxes, and other elements</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>graphical user interface</b>, or <b>GUI</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, is a form of <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> that allows <a href="/wiki/User_(computing)" title="User (computing)">users</a> to <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">interact with electronic devices</a> through <a href="/wiki/Graphics" title="Graphics">graphical</a> <a href="/wiki/Icon_(computing)" title="Icon (computing)">icons</a> and visual indicators such as <a href="/wiki/Secondary_notation" title="Secondary notation">secondary notation</a>. In many applications, GUIs are used instead of <a href="/wiki/Text-based_user_interface" title="Text-based user interface">text-based UIs</a>, which are based on typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in reaction to the perceived steep <a href="/wiki/Learning_curve" title="Learning curve">learning curve</a> of <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interfaces</a> (CLIs),<sup id="cite_ref-computerhope.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerhope.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which require commands to be typed on a <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">computer keyboard</a>. </p><p>The actions in a GUI are usually performed through <a href="/wiki/Direct_manipulation_interface" title="Direct manipulation interface">direct manipulation</a> of the graphical elements.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond computers, GUIs are used in many handheld <a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile devices</a> such as <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> players, portable media players, gaming devices, <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> and smaller household, office and <a href="/wiki/Distributed_control_system" title="Distributed control system">industrial controls</a>. The term <i>GUI</i> tends not to be applied to other lower-<a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">display resolution</a> <a href="/wiki/User_interface#Types" title="User interface">types of interfaces</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a> (where <a href="/wiki/Heads-up_display_(video_games)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads-up display (video games)">head-up displays</a> (<i>HUDs</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are preferred), or not including flat screens like <a href="/wiki/Volumetric_display" title="Volumetric display">volumetric displays</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because the term is restricted to the scope of <a href="/wiki/Two-dimensional_Euclidean_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-dimensional Euclidean space">2D</a> display screens able to describe generic information, in the tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> research at the <a href="/wiki/PARC_(company)" title="PARC (company)">Xerox Palo Alto Research Center</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GUI_and_interaction_design">GUI and interaction design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: GUI and interaction design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linux_kernel_INPUT_OUPUT_evdev_gem_USB_framebuffer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Linux_kernel_INPUT_OUPUT_evdev_gem_USB_framebuffer.svg/350px-Linux_kernel_INPUT_OUPUT_evdev_gem_USB_framebuffer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Linux_kernel_INPUT_OUPUT_evdev_gem_USB_framebuffer.svg/525px-Linux_kernel_INPUT_OUPUT_evdev_gem_USB_framebuffer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Linux_kernel_INPUT_OUPUT_evdev_gem_USB_framebuffer.svg/700px-Linux_kernel_INPUT_OUPUT_evdev_gem_USB_framebuffer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>The GUI is presented (displayed) on the computer screen. It is the result of processed user input and usually the main interface for human-machine interaction. The <a href="/wiki/Touch_user_interface" title="Touch user interface">touch UIs</a> popular on small mobile devices are an overlay of the visual output to the visual input.</figcaption></figure> <p>Designing the visual composition and temporal behavior of a GUI is an important part of <a href="/wiki/Software_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Software application">software application</a> programming in the area of <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">human–computer interaction</a>. Its goal is to enhance the efficiency and ease of use for the underlying logical design of a stored <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">program</a>, a design discipline named <i><a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">usability</a></i>. Methods of user-centered design are used to ensure that the visual language introduced in the design is well-tailored to the tasks. </p><p>The visible graphical interface features of an application are sometimes referred to as <i>chrome</i> or <i>GUI</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, users interact with information by manipulating visual <a href="/wiki/Widget_(GUI)" class="mw-redirect" title="Widget (GUI)">widgets</a> that allow for interactions appropriate to the kind of data they hold. The widgets of a well-designed interface are selected to support the actions necessary to achieve the goals of users. A <a href="/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller" title="Model–view–controller">model–view–controller</a> allows flexible structures in which the interface is independent of and indirectly linked to application functions, so the GUI can be customized easily. This allows users to select or design a different <i>skin</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Theme_(computing)" title="Theme (computing)">theme</a></i> at will, and eases the designer's work to change the interface as user needs evolve. Good GUI design relates to users more, and to system architecture less. Large widgets, such as <a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)" title="Window (computing)">windows</a>, usually provide a frame or container for the main presentation content such as a web page, email message, or drawing. Smaller ones usually act as a user-input tool. </p><p>A GUI may be designed for the requirements of a <a href="/wiki/Vertical_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical market">vertical market</a> as application-specific GUIs. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">automated teller machines</a> (ATM), <a href="/wiki/Point_of_sale" title="Point of sale">point of sale</a> (POS) touchscreens at restaurants,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Self-checkout" title="Self-checkout">self-service checkouts</a> used in a retail store, airline self-ticket and check-in, information kiosks in a public space, like a train station or a museum, and monitors or control screens in an embedded industrial application which employ a <a href="/wiki/Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">real-time operating system</a> (RTOS). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Cell phones</a> and handheld game systems also employ application specific touchscreen GUIs. Newer automobiles use GUIs in their navigation systems and multimedia centers, or navigation multimedia center combinations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerycaption">Sample graphical environments</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_Shell.png" class="mw-file-description" title="GNOME Shell"><img alt="GNOME Shell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/GNOME_Shell.png/250px-GNOME_Shell.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/GNOME_Shell.png/330px-GNOME_Shell.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/GNOME_Shell.png/500px-GNOME_Shell.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Shell" title="GNOME Shell">GNOME Shell</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KDE_Plasma_6.3_desktop_screenshot.webp" class="mw-file-description" title="KDE Plasma 6"><img alt="KDE Plasma 6" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/KDE_Plasma_6.3_desktop_screenshot.webp/250px-KDE_Plasma_6.3_desktop_screenshot.webp.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/KDE_Plasma_6.3_desktop_screenshot.webp/330px-KDE_Plasma_6.3_desktop_screenshot.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/KDE_Plasma_6.3_desktop_screenshot.webp/500px-KDE_Plasma_6.3_desktop_screenshot.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_6" title="KDE Plasma 6">KDE Plasma 6</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="MATE"><img alt="MATE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png/250px-Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png/330px-Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png/500px-Ubuntu_Mate_18.04.1_with_MATE_1.20.1.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/MATE_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="MATE (software)">MATE</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayland_demo_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Windows on an example Wayland compositor"><img alt="Windows on an example Wayland compositor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Wayland_demo_2.png/250px-Wayland_demo_2.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Wayland_demo_2.png/330px-Wayland_demo_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Wayland_demo_2.png/500px-Wayland_demo_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Windows on an example <a href="/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)#Wayland_compositors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland (display server protocol)">Wayland compositor</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Xfce"><img alt="Xfce" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png/250px-XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png/330px-XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png/500px-XFCE-4.12-Desktop-standard.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:E17_bw_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Enlightenment"><img alt="Enlightenment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/E17_bw_screenshot.png/250px-E17_bw_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/E17_bw_screenshot.png/330px-E17_bw_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/E17_bw_screenshot.png/500px-E17_bw_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlightenment (software)">Enlightenment</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sugar"><img alt="Sugar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg/250px-Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg/330px-Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg/500px-Sugar-home-view-0.82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sugar_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar (software)">Sugar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:X-Window-System.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A twm X Window System environment"><img alt="A twm X Window System environment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/X-Window-System.png/180px-X-Window-System.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/X-Window-System.png/270px-X-Window-System.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/X-Window-System.png/360px-X-Window-System.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Twm" title="Twm">twm</a> <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> environment</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwm-shot.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The dwm tiling window manager"><img alt="The dwm tiling window manager" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dwm-shot.png/180px-Dwm-shot.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dwm-shot.png/270px-Dwm-shot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dwm-shot.png/360px-Dwm-shot.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Dwm" title="Dwm">dwm</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiling_window_manager" title="Tiling window manager">tiling window manager</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linux_Mint_19.1_%22Tessa%22_(Cinnamon).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cinnamon"><img alt="Cinnamon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Linux_Mint_19.1_%22Tessa%22_%28Cinnamon%29.png/180px-Linux_Mint_19.1_%22Tessa%22_%28Cinnamon%29.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Linux_Mint_19.1_%22Tessa%22_%28Cinnamon%29.png/270px-Linux_Mint_19.1_%22Tessa%22_%28Cinnamon%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Linux_Mint_19.1_%22Tessa%22_%28Cinnamon%29.png/360px-Linux_Mint_19.1_%22Tessa%22_%28Cinnamon%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_(desktop_environment)" title="Cinnamon (desktop environment)">Cinnamon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phosh_0.14.0.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phosh"><img alt="Phosh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Phosh_0.14.0.png/90px-Phosh_0.14.0.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Phosh_0.14.0.png/135px-Phosh_0.14.0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Phosh_0.14.0.png/180px-Phosh_0.14.0.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Phosh" title="Phosh">Phosh</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg/330px-Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg/500px-Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg/600px-Schema_of_the_layers_of_the_graphical_user_interface.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Layers of a GUI based on a <a href="/wiki/Windowing_system" title="Windowing system">windowing system</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_graphical_user_interface_elements" title="List of graphical user interface elements">List of graphical user interface elements</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">WIMP (computing)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Window_manager" title="Window manager">Window manager</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">Desktop environment</a></div> <p>A GUI uses a combination of technologies and devices to provide a platform that users can interact with, for the tasks of gathering and producing information. </p><p>A series of elements conforming a <a href="/wiki/Visual_language" title="Visual language">visual language</a> have evolved to represent information stored in computers. This makes it easier for people with few computer skills to work with and use computer software. The most common combination of such elements in GUIs is the <i>windows, icons, text fields, canvases, menus, pointer</i> (<a href="/wiki/WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">WIMP</a>) paradigm, especially in <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The WIMP style of interaction uses a virtual <a href="/wiki/Input_device" title="Input device">input device</a> to represent the position of a <a href="/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">pointing device's interface</a>, most often a <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a>, and presents <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a> organized in windows and represented with <a href="/wiki/Icon_(computing)" title="Icon (computing)">icons</a>. Available commands are compiled together in menus, and actions are performed making gestures with the pointing device. A <a href="/wiki/Window_manager" title="Window manager">window manager</a> facilitates the interactions between windows, <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">applications</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Windowing_system" title="Windowing system">windowing system</a>. The windowing system handles hardware devices such as pointing devices, graphics hardware, and positioning of the pointer. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a>, all these elements are modeled through a <a href="/wiki/Desktop_metaphor" title="Desktop metaphor">desktop metaphor</a> to produce a simulation called a <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">desktop environment</a> in which the display represents a desktop, on which documents and folders of documents can be placed. Window managers and other software combine to simulate the desktop environment with varying degrees of realism. </p><p>Entries may appear in a list to make space for text and details, or in a grid for compactness and larger icons with little space underneath for text. Variations in between exist, such as a list with multiple columns of items and a grid of items with rows of text extending sideways from the icon.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multi-row and multi-column layouts commonly found on the web are "shelf" and "waterfall". The former is found on <a href="/wiki/Image_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Image search engine">image search engines</a>, where images appear with a fixed height but variable length, and is typically implemented with the CSS property and parameter <code>display: inline-block;</code>. A waterfall layout found on <a href="/wiki/Imgur" title="Imgur">Imgur</a> and <a href="/wiki/TweetDeck" title="TweetDeck">TweetDeck</a> with fixed width but variable height per item is usually implemented by specifying <code>column-width:</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-WIMP_interface">Post-WIMP interface</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-WIMP interface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Post-WIMP" title="Post-WIMP">Post-WIMP</a></div> <p>Smaller app mobile devices such as <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">personal digital assistants</a> (PDAs) and <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> typically use the WIMP elements with different unifying metaphors, due to constraints in space and available input devices. Applications for which WIMP is not well suited may use newer <a href="/wiki/Interaction_technique" title="Interaction technique">interaction techniques</a>, collectively termed <i><a href="/wiki/Post-WIMP" title="Post-WIMP">post-WIMP</a></i> UIs.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2011, some touchscreen-based operating systems such as Apple's <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> (<a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> use the class of GUIs named post-WIMP. These support styles of interaction using more than one finger in contact with a display, which allows actions such as pinching and rotating, which are unsupported by one pointer and mouse.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interaction">Interaction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Interaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Human_interface_device" title="Human interface device">Human interface devices</a>, for the efficient interaction with a GUI include a <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">computer keyboard</a>, especially used together with <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_shortcut" title="Keyboard shortcut">keyboard shortcuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">pointing devices</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Cursor_(user_interface)" title="Cursor (user interface)">cursor</a> (or rather <a href="/wiki/Pointer_(user_interface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointer (user interface)">pointer</a>) control: <a href="/wiki/Mouse_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse (computing)">mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pointing_stick" title="Pointing stick">pointing stick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Touchpad" title="Touchpad">touchpad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trackball" title="Trackball">trackball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick">joystick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virtual_keyboard" title="Virtual keyboard">virtual keyboards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">head-up displays</a> (translucent information devices at the eye level). </p><p>There are also actions performed by programs that affect the GUI. For example, there are components like <a href="/wiki/Inotify" title="Inotify">inotify</a> or <a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a> to facilitate communication between computer programs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_graphical_user_interface" title="History of the graphical user interface">History of the graphical user interface</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_efforts">Early efforts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a> developed <a href="/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad">Sketchpad</a> in 1963, widely held as the first graphical <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">computer-aided design</a> program. It used a <a href="/wiki/Light_pen" title="Light pen">light pen</a> to create and manipulate objects in engineering drawings in realtime with coordinated graphics. In the late 1960s, researchers at the <a href="/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">Stanford Research Institute</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a>, developed the <a href="/wiki/NLS_(computer_system)" title="NLS (computer system)">On-Line System</a> (NLS), which used text-based <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlinks</a> manipulated with a then-new device: the <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a>. (A 1968 demonstration of NLS became known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Mother_of_All_Demos" title="The Mother of All Demos">The Mother of All Demos</a>".) In the 1970s, Engelbart's ideas were further refined and extended to graphics by researchers at <a href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox PARC">Xerox PARC</a> and specifically <a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay</a>, who went beyond text-based hyperlinks and used a GUI as the main interface for the <a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk programming language</a>, which ran on the <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">Xerox Alto</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>, released in 1973. Most modern general-purpose GUIs are derived from this system. </p><p>The Xerox PARC GUI consisted of graphical elements such as <a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)" title="Window (computing)">windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menu_(computing)" title="Menu (computing)">menus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_button" title="Radio button">radio buttons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Check_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Check box">check boxes</a>. The concept of <a href="/wiki/Icon_(computing)" title="Icon (computing)">icons</a> was later introduced by <a href="/wiki/David_Canfield_Smith" title="David Canfield Smith">David Canfield Smith</a>, who had written a thesis on the subject under the guidance of Kay.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nader_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nader-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pygmalion_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pygmalion-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PARC GUI employs a <a href="/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">pointing device</a> along with a keyboard. These aspects can be emphasized by using the alternative term and acronym for <i>windows, icons, menus, <a href="/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">pointing device</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">WIMP</a>). This effort culminated in the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">Xerox Alto</a>, the first computer with a GUI, though the system never reached commercial production. </p><p>The first commercially available computer with a GUI was the 1979 <a href="/wiki/PERQ" title="PERQ">PERQ workstation</a>, manufactured by Three Rivers Computer Corporation. Its design was heavily influenced by the work at Xerox PARC. In 1981, Xerox eventually commercialized the ideas from the Alto in the form of a new and enhanced system – the Xerox 8010 Information System – more commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Star" title="Xerox Star">Xerox Star</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These early systems spurred many other GUI efforts, including <a href="/wiki/Lisp_machine" title="Lisp machine">Lisp machines</a> by <a href="/wiki/Symbolics" title="Symbolics">Symbolics</a> and other manufacturers, the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a> (which presented the concept of <a href="/wiki/Menu_bar" title="Menu bar">menu bar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Window_manager" title="Window manager">window controls</a>) in 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Computer">Apple</a> <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh 128K</a> in 1984, and the <a href="/wiki/Atari_ST" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a> with <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Environment_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics Environment Manager">GEM</a>, and Commodore <a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a> in 1985. <a href="/wiki/Visi_On" title="Visi On">Visi On</a> was released in 1983 for the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatible</a> computers, but was never popular due to its high hardware demands.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, it was a crucial influence on the contemporary development of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apple, Digital Research, IBM and Microsoft used many of Xerox's ideas to develop products, and IBM's <a href="/wiki/IBM_Common_User_Access" title="IBM Common User Access">Common User Access</a> specifications formed the basis of the GUIs used in Microsoft Windows, IBM <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> <a href="/wiki/Presentation_Manager" title="Presentation Manager">Presentation Manager</a>, and the Unix <a href="/wiki/Motif_(software)" title="Motif (software)">Motif</a> toolkit and <a href="/wiki/Window_manager" title="Window manager">window manager</a>. These ideas evolved to create the interface found in current versions of Microsoft Windows, and in various <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">desktop environments</a> for <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>, such as macOS and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>. Thus most current GUIs have largely common idioms. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Lisa_Computer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Apple_Lisa_Computer.jpg/250px-Apple_Lisa_Computer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Apple_Lisa_Computer.jpg/330px-Apple_Lisa_Computer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Apple_Lisa_Computer.jpg/500px-Apple_Lisa_Computer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>An Apple Lisa (1983) demonstrating the Lisa Office System (LisaOS), which featured Apple Computer's first commercially available GUI</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularization">Popularization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Popularization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hewlett_Packard_200LX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hewlett_Packard_200LX.jpg/220px-Hewlett_Packard_200LX.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hewlett_Packard_200LX.jpg/330px-Hewlett_Packard_200LX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hewlett_Packard_200LX.jpg/440px-Hewlett_Packard_200LX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/System_Manager_(HP_LX)" title="System Manager (HP LX)">HP LX System Manager</a> running on a <a href="/wiki/HP_200LX" title="HP 200LX">HP 200LX</a></figcaption></figure> <p>GUIs were a hot topic in the early 1980s. The <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a> was released in 1983, and various windowing systems existed for <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> operating systems (including <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Environment_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics Environment Manager">PC GEM</a> and <a href="/wiki/GEOS_(16-bit_operating_system)" title="GEOS (16-bit operating system)">PC/GEOS</a>). Individual applications for many platforms presented their own GUI variants.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the GUI's advantages, many reviewers questioned the value of the entire concept,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> citing hardware limits and problems in finding compatible software. </p><p>In 1984, Apple <a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">released a television commercial</a> which introduced the Apple Macintosh during the telecast of <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVIII" title="Super Bowl XVIII">Super Bowl XVIII</a> by <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Allusion" title="Allusion">allusions</a> to <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s noted novel <i><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a></i>. The goal of the commercial was to make people think about computers, identifying the user-friendly interface as a personal computer which departed from prior business-oriented systems,<sup id="cite_ref-friedman_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-friedman-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and becoming a signature representation of Apple products.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1985, <a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a> released the <a href="/wiki/Amiga_1000" title="Amiga 1000">Amiga 1000</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Workbench_(AmigaOS)#Workbench_1.x" title="Workbench (AmigaOS)">Workbench</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kickstart_(Amiga)#Versions" title="Kickstart (Amiga)">Kickstart 1.0</a> (which contained <a href="/wiki/Intuition_(Amiga)" title="Intuition (Amiga)">Intuition</a>). This interface ran as a separate task, meaning it was very responsive and, unlike other GUIs of the time, it didn't freeze up when a program was busy. Additionally, it was the first GUI to introduce something resembling <a href="/wiki/Virtual_desktop#Amiga" title="Virtual desktop">Virtual Desktops</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, accompanied by an extensive marketing campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-WinHype_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WinHype-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a major success in the marketplace at launch and shortly became the most popular desktop operating system.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, with the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later in 2010 with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apple popularized the post-WIMP style of interaction for <a href="/wiki/Multi-touch" title="Multi-touch">multi-touch</a> screens, and those devices were considered to be milestones in the development of <a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile devices</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BallStillDoesnt2010_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BallStillDoesnt2010-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-infoworld_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoworld-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GUIs familiar to most people as of the mid-late 2010s are <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> interfaces for desktop and laptop computers, and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, Apple's <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_OS" title="BlackBerry OS">BlackBerry OS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a>/<a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a>, <a href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">WebOS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a> for handheld (<a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>) devices.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_to_other_interfaces">Comparison to other interfaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Comparison to other interfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>People said it's more of a right-brain machine and all that—I think there is some truth to that. I think there is something to dealing in a graphical interface and a more kinetic interface—you're really <i>moving</i> information around, you're seeing it move as though it had substance. And you don't see that on a PC. The PC is very much of a conceptual machine; you move information around the way you move formulas, elements on either side of an equation. I think there's a difference.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fluegelman" title="Andrew Fluegelman">Andrew Fluegelman</a> on the Macintosh, 1985<sup id="cite_ref-microtimes198505_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microtimes198505-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Command-line_interfaces">Command-line interfaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Command-line interfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bash_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bash_screenshot.png/220px-Bash_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bash_screenshot.png/330px-Bash_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bash_screenshot.png/440px-Bash_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption>A modern Command-Line Interface (CLI)</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the commands available in command line interfaces can be many, complex operations can be performed using a short sequence of words and symbols. Custom functions may be used to facilitate access to frequent actions. Command-line interfaces are more <a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(computing)" title="Minimalism (computing)">lightweight</a>, as they only recall information necessary for a task; for example, no preview thumbnails or graphical rendering of web pages. This allows greater efficiency and productivity once many commands are learned.<sup id="cite_ref-computerhope.com_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerhope.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But reaching this level takes some time because the command words may not be easily discoverable or <a href="/wiki/Mnemonic" title="Mnemonic">mnemonic</a>. Also, using the command line can become slow and error-prone when users must enter long commands comprising many parameters or several different filenames at once. However, <i>windows, icons, menus, pointer</i> (<a href="/wiki/WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">WIMP</a>) interfaces present users with many <a href="/wiki/Widget_(GUI)" class="mw-redirect" title="Widget (GUI)">widgets</a> that represent and can trigger some of the system's available commands. </p><p>GUIs can be made quite hard when dialogs are buried deep in a system or moved about to different places during redesigns. Also, icons and dialog boxes are usually harder for users to script. </p><p>WIMPs extensively use <a href="/wiki/Mode_(user_interface)" title="Mode (user interface)">modes</a>, as the meaning of all keys and clicks on specific positions on the screen are redefined all the time. Command-line interfaces use modes only in limited forms, such as for current directory and <a href="/wiki/Environment_variable" title="Environment variable">environment variables</a>. </p><p>Most modern <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> provide both a GUI and some level of a CLI, although the GUIs usually receive more attention. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GUI_wrappers">GUI wrappers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: GUI wrappers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GUI wrappers find a way around the <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> versions (CLI) of (typically) <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> software applications and their <a href="/wiki/Text-based_user_interface" title="Text-based user interface">text-based UIs</a> or typed command labels. While command-line or text-based applications allow users to run a program non-interactively, GUI wrappers atop them avoid the steep <a href="/wiki/Learning_curve" title="Learning curve">learning curve</a> of the command-line, which requires commands to be typed on the <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">keyboard</a>. By starting a GUI wrapper, <a href="/wiki/User_(computing)" title="User (computing)">users</a> can intuitively <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">interact</a> with, start, stop, and change its working parameters, through graphical <a href="/wiki/Icon_(computing)" title="Icon (computing)">icons</a> and visual indicators of a <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">desktop environment</a>, for example. Applications may also provide both interfaces, and when they do the GUI is usually a WIMP wrapper around the command-line version. This is especially common with applications designed for <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> operating systems. The latter used to be implemented first because it allowed the developers to focus exclusively on their product's functionality without bothering about interface details such as designing icons and placing buttons. Designing programs this way also allows users to run the program in a <a href="/wiki/Shell_script" title="Shell script">shell script</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Three-dimensional_graphical_user_interface">Three-dimensional graphical user interface</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Three-dimensional graphical user interface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This section is about uniquely software 3D UIs. For both software and hardware 3D input/output devices, see <a href="/wiki/3D_UIs" class="mw-redirect" title="3D UIs">3D UIs</a>.</div> <p>Many environments and games use the methods of <a href="/wiki/3D_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="3D graphics">3D graphics</a> to project 3D GUI objects onto the screen. The use of 3D graphics has become increasingly common in mainstream operating systems (ex. <a href="/wiki/Windows_Aero" title="Windows Aero">Windows Aero</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aqua_(user_interface)" title="Aqua (user interface)">Aqua</a> (MacOS)) to create attractive interfaces, termed eye candy (which includes, for example, the use of <a href="/wiki/Drop_shadow" title="Drop shadow">drop shadows</a> underneath windows and the <a href="/wiki/Cursor_(user_interface)" title="Cursor (user interface)">cursor</a>), or for functional purposes only possible using three dimensions. For example, user switching is represented by rotating a cube with faces representing each user's workspace, and window management is represented via a <a href="/wiki/Rolodex" title="Rolodex">Rolodex</a>-style flipping mechanism in <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Windows_Flip_3D" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Flip 3D">Windows Flip 3D</a>). In both cases, the operating system transforms windows on-the-fly while continuing to update the content of those windows. </p><p>The GUI is usually WIMP-based, although occasionally other metaphors surface, such as those used in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bob" title="Microsoft Bob">Microsoft Bob</a>, 3dwm, File System Navigator, <a href="/wiki/File_System_Visualizer" title="File System Visualizer">File System Visualizer</a>, 3D Mailbox,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/GopherVR" title="GopherVR">GopherVR</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zooming_user_interface" title="Zooming user interface">Zooming</a> (ZUI) is a related technology that promises to deliver the representation benefits of 3D environments without their usability drawbacks of orientation problems and hidden objects. In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_Labs" title="Hillcrest Labs">Hillcrest Labs</a> introduced the first ZUI for television.<sup id="cite_ref-Moren_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moren-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other innovations include the menus on the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a>, the menus on the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a>, Sun's <a href="/wiki/Project_Looking_Glass" title="Project Looking Glass">Project Looking Glass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metisse" title="Metisse">Metisse</a>, which was similar to Project Looking Glass,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/BumpTop" title="BumpTop">BumpTop</a>, where users can manipulate documents and windows with realistic movement and physics as if they were physical documents, <a href="/wiki/Croquet_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Croquet OS">Croquet OS</a>, which is built for collaboration,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Compositing_window_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Compositing window manager">compositing window managers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlightenment (software)">Enlightenment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compiz" title="Compiz">Compiz</a>. <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a> also make use of 3D GUI elements.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_science_fiction">In science fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In science fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>3D GUIs have appeared in <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> literature and <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">films</a>, even before certain technologies were feasible or in common use.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>In prose fiction, 3D GUIs have been portrayed as immersible environments, <a href="/wiki/Coined_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Coined term">coined</a> as <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Cyberspace" title="Cyberspace">cyberspace</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">metaverse</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">avatars</a>".</li> <li>The 1993 American film <i><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a></i> features <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a>' 3D file manager File System Navigator, a real-life file manager for <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> operating systems.</li> <li>The film <a href="/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)" title="Minority Report (film)"><i>Minority Report</i></a> has scenes of police officers using specialized 3D data systems.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer,_Inc._v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.">Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_user_interface" title="Console user interface">Console user interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_icon" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer icon">Computer icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distinguishable_interfaces" title="Distinguishable interfaces">Distinguishable interfaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Graphics_Interface" title="General Graphics Interface">General Graphics Interface</a> (software project)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUI_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI tree">GUI tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Human factors and ergonomics">Human factors and ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_and_feel" title="Look and feel">Look and feel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_user_interface" title="Natural user interface">Natural user interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ncurses" title="Ncurses">Ncurses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_user_interface" title="Object-oriented user interface">Object-oriented user interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_user_interface" title="Organic user interface">Organic user interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_web_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Rich web application">Rich web application</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph" title="Skeuomorph">Skeuomorph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theme_(computing)" title="Theme (computing)">Theme (computing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_entry_interface" title="Text entry interface">Text entry interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportable_Applications_Environment" title="Transportable Applications Environment">Transportable Applications Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_experience_design" title="User experience design">User experience design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector-based_graphical_user_interface" title="Vector-based graphical user interface">Vector-based graphical user interface</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GOO</span>-ee</i></a>; <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">JEE</span>-<span style="font-size:90%">YOO</span>-<span style="font-size:90%">AI</span></i></a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenMCT+Blog&rft.atitle=Object-Oriented+GUIs+are+the+Future&rft.aulast=Dayton&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenmct.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F08%2Fobject-oriented-guis-are-future.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraphical+user+interface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphical_user_interface&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/graphical_user_interface" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Graphical_user_interfaces" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Graphical user interfaces">Graphical user interfaces</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/rajeshlal/evolution-of-user-interface-26414802">Evolution of Graphical User Interface in last 50 years</a> by Raj Lal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816031619/http://www.computeractive.co.uk/pcw/pc-help/1925325/the-invented-gui">The men who really invented the GUI</a> by Clive Akass</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toastytech.com/guis/index.html">Graphical User Interface Gallery</a>, screenshots of various GUIs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidebookgallery.org/">Marcin Wichary's GUIdebook</a>, Graphical User Interface gallery: over 5500 screenshots of GUI, application and icon history</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040309225129/http://www.sitepoint.com/article/real-history-gui">The Real History of the GUI</a> by Mike Tuck</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090605174302/http://www.nealstephenson.com/command/">In The Beginning Was The Command Line</a> by Neal Stephenson</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.103.5038&rep=rep1&type=pdf">3D Graphical User Interfaces</a> (PDF) by Farid BenHajji and Erik Dybner, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10045/51725">Topological Analysis of the Gibbs Energy Function (Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Correlation Data). Including a Thermodinamic Review and a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for Surfaces/Tie-lines/Hessian matrix analysis</a> – University of Alicante (Reyes-Labarta et al. 2015–18)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cllax.com/innovative-ways-to-use-information-visualization-across-a-variety-of-fields.html">Innovative Ways to Use Information Visualization across a Variety of Fields</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240620150613/https://cllax.com/innovative-ways-to-use-information-visualization-across-a-variety-of-fields.html">Archived</a> 2024-06-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Ryan Erwin Digital marketing specialist (CLLAX) (2022-05)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Graphical user interface</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>74 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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