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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">3rd millennium BC</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_3_%D9%82.%D9%85" title="ألفية 3 ق.م – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفية 3 ق.م" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileniu_III_e.C." title="Mileniu III e.C. – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mileniu III e.C." data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%C9%99._III_minillik" title="E.ə. III minillik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="E.ə. III minillik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD.%D1%8D." title="3 тысячагоддзе да н.э. – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="3 тысячагоддзе да н.э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="III тысячагодзьдзе да н. э. – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="III тысячагодзьдзе да н. э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80.%D0%BD.%D0%B5." title="3 хилядолетие пр.н.е. – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="3 хилядолетие пр.н.е." data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._milenij_p._n._e." title="3. milenij p. n. e. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="3. milenij p. n. e." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil%C2%B7lenni_III_aC" title="Mil·lenni III aC – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mil·lenni III aC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F._%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%87._3-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="П. эрч. 3-мĕш пинçуллăх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="П. эрч. 3-мĕш пинçуллăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._tis%C3%ADcilet%C3%AD_p%C5%99._n._l." title="3. tisíciletí př. n. l. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="3. tisíciletí př. n. l." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._%C3%A5rtusinde_f.Kr." title="3. årtusinde f.Kr. – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="3. årtusinde f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_3_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="لألفية 3 قبل لميلاد – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لألفية 3 قبل لميلاد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._Jahrtausend_v._Chr." title="3. Jahrtausend v. Chr. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="3. Jahrtausend v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._aastatuhat_eKr" title="3. aastatuhat eKr – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="3. aastatuhat eKr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%CE%B7_%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%80.%CE%A7." title="3η χιλιετία π.Χ. – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="3η χιλιετία π.Χ." data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_milenio_a._C." title="III milenio a. C. – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="III milenio a. C." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-a_jarmilo_a.K." title="3-a jarmilo a.K. – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="3-a jarmilo a.K." data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.a._3._milurtekoa" title="K.a. 3. milurtekoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="K.a. 3. milurtekoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85_(%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="هزاره سوم (پیش از میلاد) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هزاره سوم (پیش از میلاد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._%C3%A1rat%C3%BAsund_f.Kr." title="3. áratúsund f.Kr. – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="3. áratúsund f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="IIIe millénaire av. J.-C. – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IIIe millénaire av. J.-C." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/3e_milennium_f.Kr." title="3e milennium f.Kr. – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="3e milennium f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/3mh_m%C3%ACle-bliadhna_RC" title="3mh mìle-bliadhna RC – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="3mh mìle-bliadhna RC" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_milenio_a._C." title="III milenio a. C. – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="III milenio a. C." data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_%EC%A0%9C3%EC%B2%9C%EB%85%84%EA%B8%B0" title="기원전 제3천년기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기원전 제3천년기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84.%D5%A9.%D5%A1._3-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Մ.թ.ա. 3-րդ հազարամյակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մ.թ.ա. 3-րդ հազարամյակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._tisu%C4%87lje%C4%87e_pr._Kr." title="3. tisućljeće pr. Kr. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="3. tisućljeće pr. Kr." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/3ma_yarmilo_aK" title="3ma yarmilo aK – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="3ma yarmilo aK" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium_ke-3_SM" title="Milenium ke-3 SM – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Milenium ke-3 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._%C3%A1r%C3%BE%C3%BAsundi%C3%B0_f.Kr." title="3. árþúsundið f.Kr. – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="3. árþúsundið f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_millennio_a.C." title="III millennio a.C. – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="III millennio a.C." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A3_%D7%94-3_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%94%22%D7%A1" title="האלף ה-3 לפנה"ס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האלף ה-3 לפנה"ס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._III_%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ძვ. წ. III ათასწლეული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძვ. წ. III ათასწლეული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenia_ya_3_KK" title="Milenia ya 3 KK – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Milenia ya 3 KK" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIIy%C3%A8_milen%C3%A8_anv._J.-K." title="IIIyè milenè anv. J.-K. – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="IIIyè milenè anv. J.-K." data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_3_a.C.n." title="Millennium 3 a.C.n. – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Millennium 3 a.C.n." data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._t%C5%ABksto%C5%A1gade_p.m.%C4%93." title="3. tūkstošgade p.m.ē. – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="3. tūkstošgade p.m.ē." data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._Joerdausend_v._Chr." title="3. Joerdausend v. Chr. – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="3. Joerdausend v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_t%C5%ABkstantmetis_pr._m._e." title="3 tūkstantmetis pr. m. e. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="3 tūkstantmetis pr. m. e." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_millennio_a.C." title="III millennio a.C. – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="III millennio a.C." data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._e._3._%C3%A9vezred" title="I. e. 3. évezred – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. e. 3. évezred" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A9_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.पू.चे ३ रे सहस्रक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.पू.चे ३ रे सहस्रक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._III_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ჯვ. წ. III ვითოშწანურა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვ. წ. III ვითოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium_ke-3_SM" title="Milenium ke-3 SM – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Milenium ke-3 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceiro_mil%C3%A9nio_antes_de_Cristo" title="Terceiro milénio antes de Cristo – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Terceiro milénio antes de Cristo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/3e_millennium_v.Chr." title="3e millennium v.Chr. – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="3e millennium v.Chr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D3%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前3千年紀 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紀元前3千年紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_millennio_AC" title="III millennio AC – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="III millennio AC" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._juard%C3%BC%C3%BCsen_f.Kr." title="3. juardüüsen f.Kr. – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="3. juardüüsen f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._%C3%A5rtusen_f.Kr." title="3. årtusen f.Kr. – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="3. årtusen f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millenni_III_abC" title="Millenni III abC – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Millenni III abC" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_tysi%C4%85clecie_p.n.e." title="III tysiąclecie p.n.e. – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="III tysiąclecie p.n.e." data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceiro_mil%C3%A9nio_a.C." title="Terceiro milénio a.C. – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terceiro milénio a.C." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileniul_al_III-lea_%C3%AE.Hr." title="Mileniul al III-lea î.Hr. – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mileniul al III-lea î.Hr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="3-е тысячелетие до н. э. – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="3-е тысячелетие до н. э." data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_%D0%B1._%D1%8D._%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD._%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%BB%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="3 б. э. инн. тыһыынча сыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="3 б. э. инн. тыһыынча сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_millennium_BC" title="3rd millennium BC – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="3rd millennium BC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Die_pred_Kr." title="3. tisícročie pred Kr. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="3. tisícročie pred Kr." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._tiso%C4%8Dletje_pr._n._%C5%A1t." title="3. tisočletje pr. n. št. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="3. tisočletje pr. n. št." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BF._%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="3. миленијум п. н. е. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="3. миленијум п. н. е." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._milenijum_pne." title="3. milenijum pne. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="3. milenijum pne." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmas_vuosituhat_eaa." title="Kolmas vuosituhat eaa. – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kolmas vuosituhat eaa." data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000-talet_f.Kr._(millennium)" title="2000-talet f.Kr. (millennium) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="2000-talet f.Kr. (millennium)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81_3%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கிமு 3ஆம் ஆயிரமாண்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிமு 3ஆம் ஆயிரமாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-%D1%82%D1%94_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="3-тє тисячоліття до н. е. – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="3-тє тисячоліття до н. е." data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7_%DB%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="تیسرا ہزارہ قبل مسیح – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تیسرا ہزارہ قبل مسیح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_ni%C3%AAn_k%E1%BB%B7_3_TCN" title="Thiên niên kỷ 3 TCN – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên niên kỷ 3 TCN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-3_nga_yukottuig_UC" title="Ika-3 nga yukottuig UC – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-3 nga yukottuig UC" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D3%E5%8D%83%E7%BA%AA" title="前3千纪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="前3千纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D3%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4" title="前3千年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="前3千年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC">4th millennium BC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3rd millennium BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC" title="2nd millennium BC">2nd millennium BC</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><small><a href="/wiki/Centuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Centuries">Centuries</a>:</small> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30th_century_BC" title="30th century BC">30th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_century_BC" title="29th century BC">29th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_century_BC" title="28th century BC">28th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_century_BC" title="27th century BC">27th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_century_BC" title="26th century BC">26th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_century_BC" title="25th century BC">25th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_century_BC" title="24th century BC">24th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_century_BC" title="23rd century BC">23rd century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_century_BC" title="22nd century BC">22nd century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century_BC" title="21st century BC">21st century BC</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/3rd_millennium_BC_montage.jpg/400px-3rd_millennium_BC_montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/3rd_millennium_BC_montage.jpg/600px-3rd_millennium_BC_montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/3rd_millennium_BC_montage.jpg/800px-3rd_millennium_BC_montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" usemap="#ImageMap_b96ee1873a33dd57" resource="/wiki/File:3rd_millennium_BC_montage.jpg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_b96ee1873a33dd57"><area href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Djoser" shape="rect" coords="11,8,148,100" alt="Pyramid of Djoser" title="Pyramid of Djoser" /><area href="/wiki/Khufu" shape="rect" coords="169,18,251,85" alt="Khufu" title="Khufu" /><area href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza" shape="rect" coords="258,9,395,93" alt="Great Pyramid of Giza" title="Great Pyramid of Giza" /><area href="/wiki/Cuneiform" shape="rect" coords="25,110,125,205" alt="Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform" /><area href="/wiki/Enheduana" shape="rect" coords="179,97,241,208" alt="Enheduana" title="Enheduana" /><area href="/wiki/Gudea" shape="rect" coords="288,100,362,211" alt="Gudea" title="Gudea" /><area href="/wiki/Standard_of_Ur" shape="rect" coords="0,0,400,225" alt="Standard of Ur" title="Standard of Ur" /></map><figcaption>From top left clockwise: <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Djoser" title="Pyramid of Djoser">Pyramid of Djoser</a>; <a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a>; <a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza" title="Great Pyramid of Giza">Great Pyramid of Giza</a>, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a>, a contract for the sale of a field and a house; <a href="/wiki/Enheduana" class="mw-redirect" title="Enheduana">Enheduana</a>, a high priestess and one of the earliest known authors in history; <a href="/wiki/Gudea" title="Gudea">Gudea</a> (Background: <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_Ur" title="Standard of Ur">Standard of Ur</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>3rd millennium BC</b> spanned the years 3000 to 2001 BC. This period of time corresponds to the Early to Middle <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, characterized by the early <a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">empires</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic Period</a> is followed by the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a>. In Mesopotamia, the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)">Early Dynastic Period</a> is followed by the <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a>. In what is now <a href="/wiki/Northwest_India" title="Northwest India">Northwest India</a> and Pakistan, the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilization">Indus Valley civilization</a> developed a state society. </p><p><a href="/wiki/World_population_estimates" class="mw-redirect" title="World population estimates">World population</a> growth relaxed after the burst due to the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a>. World population was largely stable, at roughly 60 million, with a slow overall growth rate at roughly 0.03% p.a.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_millennium_BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:285px;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> ↑ <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Africa, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Near East</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3300</span>–1200 BC)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age Levant">Levant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiroft_culture" title="Jiroft culture">Sistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> <a href="/wiki/Late_Bronze_Age_collapse" title="Late Bronze Age collapse">Late Bronze Age collapse</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">East Asia <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 3100–300 BC)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Erlitou_culture" title="Erlitou culture">Erlitou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erligang_culture" title="Erligang culture">Erligang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gojoseon" title="Gojoseon">Gojoseon</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jomon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majiayao_culture" title="Majiayao culture">Majiayao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumun_pottery_period" title="Mumun pottery period">Mumun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qijia_culture" title="Qijia culture">Qijia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siwa_culture" title="Siwa culture">Siwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wucheng_culture" title="Wucheng culture">Wucheng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xindian_culture" title="Xindian culture">Xindian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yueshi_culture" title="Yueshi culture">Yueshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Eurasia and Siberia <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 2700–700 BC)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Poltavka_culture" title="Poltavka culture">Poltavka culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abashevo_culture" title="Abashevo culture">Abashevo culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sintashta_culture" title="Sintashta culture">Sintashta culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andronovo_culture" title="Andronovo culture">Andronovo culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mezhovskaya_culture" title="Mezhovskaya culture">Mezhovskaya culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherkaskul_culture" title="Cherkaskul culture">Cherkaskul culture</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">Europe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 3200–900 BC)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegean Bronze Age">Aegean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cycladic_culture" title="Cycladic culture">Cycladic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catacomb_culture" title="Catacomb culture">Catacomb culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srubnaya_culture" title="Srubnaya culture">Srubnaya culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Beaker_culture" title="Bell Beaker culture">Bell Beaker culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9An%C4%9Btice_culture" title="Únětice culture">Únětice culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tumulus_culture" title="Tumulus culture">Tumulus culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urnfield_culture" title="Urnfield culture">Urnfield culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proto-Villanovan_culture" title="Proto-Villanovan culture">Proto-Villanovan culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golasecca_culture" title="Golasecca culture">Golasecca culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argaric_culture" title="Argaric culture">Argaric culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Bronze_Age" title="Atlantic Bronze Age">Atlantic Bronze Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Britain" title="Bronze Age Britain">Bronze Age Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_India" title="Bronze Age India">Indian subcontinent</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 3300–1200 BC)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_India" title="Bronze Age India">Bronze Age India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ochre_Coloured_Pottery_culture" title="Ochre Coloured Pottery culture">Ochre Coloured Pottery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cemetery_H_culture" title="Cemetery H culture">Cemetery H</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Arsenical_bronze" title="Arsenical bronze">Arsenical bronze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age writing">writing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_sword" title="Bronze Age sword">Sword</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">Chariot</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;"> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bronze_Age" title="Template:Bronze Age"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bronze_Age" title="Template talk:Bronze Age"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bronze_Age" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bronze Age"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> began in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a> roughly between 3000 BC and 2500 BC. The previous millennium had seen the emergence of advanced, urbanized civilizations, new <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a> extending the productivity of agricultural work, and highly developed ways of communication in the form of <a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">writing</a>. In the 3rd millennium BC, the growth of these riches, both intellectually and physically, became a source of contention on a political stage, and rulers sought the accumulation of more wealth and more power. Along with this came the first appearances of monumental architecture, <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a>, organized absolutism and internal revolution. </p><p>The civilizations of <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akkad_(city)" title="Akkad (city)">Akkad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> became a collection of volatile <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-states</a> in which warfare was common. Uninterrupted conflicts drained all available resources, energies and populations. In this millennium, larger empires succeeded the last, and conquerors grew in stature until the great <a href="/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkad" title="Sargon of Akkad">Sargon of Akkad</a> pushed his empire to the whole of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> and beyond. It would not be surpassed in size until <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> times 1,500 years later. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Egyptian pyramids</a> were constructed and would remain the tallest and largest human constructions for thousands of years. Also in Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaohs</a> began to posture themselves as living <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">gods</a> made of an essence different from that of other <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> beings. In <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, which was still largely <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">neolithic</a> during the same period, the builders of <a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megaliths</a> were constructing giant monuments of their own. In the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Occident</a> during the 3rd millennium BC, limits were being pushed by architects and rulers. </p><p>Towards the close of the millennium, Egypt became the stage of the first popular revolution recorded in history. After lengthy wars, the Sumerians recognized the benefits of unification into a stable form of national government and became a relatively peaceful, well-organized, complex technocratic state called the <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="Third Dynasty of Ur">3rd Dynasty of Ur</a>. This dynasty was later to become involved with a wave of <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomadic</a> invaders known as the <a href="/wiki/Amorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorite">Amorites</a>, who were to play a major role in the region during the following centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultures">Cultures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_millennium_BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cultures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snake_Goddess_-_Heraklion_Achaeological_Museum_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Snake_Goddess_-_Heraklion_Achaeological_Museum_retouched.jpg/200px-Snake_Goddess_-_Heraklion_Achaeological_Museum_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Snake_Goddess_-_Heraklion_Achaeological_Museum_retouched.jpg/300px-Snake_Goddess_-_Heraklion_Achaeological_Museum_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Snake_Goddess_-_Heraklion_Achaeological_Museum_retouched.jpg/400px-Snake_Goddess_-_Heraklion_Achaeological_Museum_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2364" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>Minoan Snake Goddess.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Near East</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Early_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Bronze Age">Early Bronze Age</a></div> <ul><li>c. <a href="/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC">4th millennium BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/5th_century_BC" title="5th century BC">5th century BC</a>: Old <a href="/wiki/Dilmun" title="Dilmun">Dilmun</a> period.</li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2900</span>–2350 BC: <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)">Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)</a></li> <li>c. 2334–2154 BC: <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a></li> <li>3100–2686 BC: <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)</a></li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2700_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2700 BC">2700 BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/1600_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="1600 BC">1600 BC</a>: Old <a href="/wiki/Elamite_language" title="Elamite language">Elamite</a> period.</li> <li>2686–2181 BC <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom of Egypt</a></li> <li>2181–2055 BC <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period of Egypt</a></li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/3000_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3000 BC">3000 BC</a>: Nubian <a href="/wiki/A-Group" class="mw-redirect" title="A-Group">A-Group</a> Culture comes to an end.</li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/2300_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2300 BC">2300 BC</a></span>: Nubian <a href="/wiki/C-Group" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Group">C-Group</a> culture.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Europe</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic Europe</a></div> <ul><li>c. <a href="/wiki/3200_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3200 BC">3200 BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cycladic_culture" title="Cycladic culture">Cycladic culture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aegean_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegean islands">Aegean islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/3200_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3200 BC">3200 BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/3100_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3100 BC">3100 BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helladic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Helladic period">Helladic culture</a> in mainland <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/3200_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3200 BC">3200 BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/2800_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2800 BC">2800 BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ozieri_culture" title="Ozieri culture">Ozieri culture</a>.</li> <li>Founding of Europe's oldest civilization, the <a href="/wiki/Minoan_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan Civilization">Minoan Civilization</a> in 3000 BC.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a> (also Battle-axe culture, or Single Grave culture).<sup id="cite_ref-dynamic_changes_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dynamic_changes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Late <a href="/wiki/Maikop_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Maikop culture">Maikop culture</a>.</li> <li>Late <a href="/wiki/Vinca_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinca culture">Vinca culture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globular_Amphora_culture" title="Globular Amphora culture">Globular Amphora culture</a>.</li> <li>Early <a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catacomb_culture" title="Catacomb culture">Catacomb culture</a>, likely loci of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Indo-European</a> <a href="/wiki/Satemization" class="mw-redirect" title="Satemization">Satemization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Indo-European_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indo-European-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sintashta-Petrovka-Arkaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sintashta-Petrovka-Arkaim">Sintashta-Petrovka-Arkaim</a> culture emerges from the <a href="/wiki/Catacomb_culture" title="Catacomb culture">Catacomb culture</a> from about <a href="/wiki/2200_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2200 BC">2200 BC</a>, likely locus of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butmir_culture" title="Butmir culture">Butmir culture</a>.</li> <li>Late <a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker culture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden_culture" title="Baden culture">Baden culture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudo_culture" title="Gaudo culture">Gaudo culture</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>South Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li>2800 BC–2600 BC: <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Harappan 2</a>.</li> <li>2600 BC–1900 BC: <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Harappan 3</a> (Mature Harappan).</li></ul> <dl><dt>East and Southeast Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longshan_culture" title="Longshan culture">Longshan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baodun_culture" title="Baodun culture">Baodun culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiahe_culture" title="Shijiahe culture">Shijiahe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangzhu_culture" title="Liangzhu culture">Liangzhu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majiayao_culture" title="Majiayao culture">Majiayao culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Xiajiadian_culture" title="Lower Xiajiadian culture">Lower Xiajiadian culture</a></li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2500 BC</span>: Austronesian peoples from Formosa colonize Luzon in northern Philippines.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Americas</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Archaic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican Archaic period">Mesoamerican Archaic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Copper_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Copper Complex">Old Copper Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte_Chico_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Chico civilization">Caral/Norte Chico civilization</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Sub-Saharan Africa</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Savanna_Pastoral_Neolithic" title="Savanna Pastoral Neolithic">Savanna Pastoral Neolithic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_millennium_BC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg/220px-Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg/330px-Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg/440px-Los_Millares_recreacion_cuadro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption>A model of the prehistoric town of <a href="/wiki/Los_Millares" title="Los Millares">Los Millares</a>, with its walls.</figcaption></figure> <p>Certain <a href="/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC">4th millennium BC</a> events were precursors to the 3rd millennium BC: </p> <ul><li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3700</span>-1800 BC: <a href="/wiki/Norte_Chico_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Chico civilization">Caral-Supe</a> flourished between the fourth and second millennia BC, with the formation of the first city generally dated to around 3500 BC, at <a href="/wiki/Huaricanga" title="Huaricanga">Huaricanga</a>, in the Fortaleza area. It is from 3100 BC onward that large-scale human settlement and communal construction become clearly apparent, which lasted until a period of decline around 1800 BC.</li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3500 BC</span>-3000 BC <a href="/wiki/Huaricanga" title="Huaricanga">Huaricanga</a> is the earliest city of the Norte Chico civilization, called Caral or Caral-Supe in Peru and Spanish language sources. "It existed around 3500 BC and was the oldest city in the Americas and one of the earliest cities in the world." It is located in the arid Fortaleza Valley on Peru's north central coast and is 14 mi (23 km) inland from the Pacific Ocean. The site covers a total area of 100 hectares, and is the largest Late Archaic construction in the Norte Chico region. The three earthwork mounds on the large site are believed to be remains of pyramidal-shaped structures. Two standing stones, known as huancas, also survive. Excavation in 2007 revealed a structure believed to be a temple, of a design similar to, but predating, the Mito architectural tradition seen in the Peruvian highlands. In addition, later research in the Fortaleza and Pativilca valleys has found evidence of maize cultivation, as well as fourteen other domesticated species of fruits and vegetables. This suggests that agriculture may have been more important to the development of Caral-Supe civilization than previously thought, as it was for other independent civilizations of the world, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and India.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/3700_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3700 BC">3700 BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lothal" title="Lothal">Lothal</a>: Indus Valley trade-port city in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/3650_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3650 BC">3650 BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/3000_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3000 BC">3000 BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Minoan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan culture">Minoan culture</a> appeared on <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/3200_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3200 BC">3200 BC</a>/<a href="/wiki/3100_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3100 BC">3100 BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helladic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Helladic culture">Helladic culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cycladic_culture" title="Cycladic culture">Cycladic culture</a> both emerge in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P1150890_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_de_victoire_Akkad_AO2678_rwk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/P1150890_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_de_victoire_Akkad_AO2678_rwk.jpg/220px-P1150890_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_de_victoire_Akkad_AO2678_rwk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/P1150890_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_de_victoire_Akkad_AO2678_rwk.jpg/330px-P1150890_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_de_victoire_Akkad_AO2678_rwk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/P1150890_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_de_victoire_Akkad_AO2678_rwk.jpg/440px-P1150890_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_de_victoire_Akkad_AO2678_rwk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1873" /></a><figcaption>Detail of a victory stele of <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Rimush" title="Rimush">Rimush</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The 3rd millennium BC included the following key events: </p> <ul><li>c. <a href="/wiki/3000_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3000 BC">3000 BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Upper_and_Lower_Egypt#Unification" title="Upper and Lower Egypt">Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.</a></li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/3000_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3000 BC">3000 BC</a>: First evidence of gold being used in the Middle East.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/3000_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3000 BC">3000 BC</a>: Nubian <a href="/wiki/A-Group" class="mw-redirect" title="A-Group">A-Group</a>, Ta-Seeti "kingdom" came to an end, possibly due to raids by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/3000_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3000 BC">3000 BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/2000_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 BC">2000 BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marine_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine vessel">Vessels</a> from <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> are made; they are now at <a href="/wiki/National_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum">National Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2890_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2890 BC">2890 BC</a>: Second Dynasty of Egypt, reign of <a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>: Foundation of the city of <a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a> (<a href="/wiki/29th_century_BC" title="29th century BC">29th century BC</a>).</li> <li>Semitic tribes occupy Assyria in northern part of the plain of Shinar and Akkad.</li> <li>Phoenicians settle on Syrian coast, with centers at <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>.</li> <li>Beginning of the period of the mythical <a href="/wiki/Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors" title="Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors">Sage Kings</a> in China, also known as the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2879_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2879 BC">2879 BC</a>: Rise of the <a href="/wiki/X%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BB%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Xích Quỷ">Xích Quỷ</a> Kingdom and the <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_B%C3%A0ng_dynasty" title="Hồng Bàng dynasty">Hồng Bàng dynasty</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Viet_Nam" class="mw-redirect" title="Viet Nam">Viet Nam</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marble_seated_harp_player_MET_DP256380.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Marble_seated_harp_player_MET_DP256380.jpg/220px-Marble_seated_harp_player_MET_DP256380.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Marble_seated_harp_player_MET_DP256380.jpg/330px-Marble_seated_harp_player_MET_DP256380.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Marble_seated_harp_player_MET_DP256380.jpg/440px-Marble_seated_harp_player_MET_DP256380.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1515" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Harp Player from the island of <a href="/wiki/Keros" title="Keros">Keros</a>, made by the <a href="/wiki/Cycladic_culture" title="Cycladic culture">Cycladic culture</a> sometime in the 28th century BC.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2800 BC</span>–2700 BC: Harp Player, from <a href="/wiki/Keros" title="Keros">Keros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a>, was made. It is now at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>: Creation of the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Elamite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Elamite Empire">Elam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">Germination</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bristlecone_pine" title="Bristlecone pine">Bristlecone pine</a> tree "<a href="/wiki/Methuselah_(pine_tree)" title="Methuselah (pine tree)">Methuselah</a>" about <a href="/wiki/2700_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2700 BC">2700 BC</a>, one of the oldest known <a href="/wiki/Trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Trees">trees</a> still living now.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2686_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2686 BC">2686 BC</a>: Third Dynasty of Egypt, reign of <a href="/wiki/Sanakhte" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanakhte">Sanakhte</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2613_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2613 BC">2613 BC</a>: Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, reign of <a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Sneferu</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2600_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2600 BC">2600 BC</a>: Founding of the Chalcolithic Iberian civilizations of <a href="/wiki/Los_Millares" title="Los Millares">Los Millares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vila_Nova_de_S%C3%A3o_Pedro" class="mw-redirect" title="Vila Nova de São Pedro">Zambujal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2600_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2600 BC">2600 BC</a>: Unified <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2500_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2500 BC">2500 BC</a>: The state of <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> is established.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2500_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2500 BC">2500 BC</a>: Excavation and development of the <a href="/wiki/Hypogeum_of_%C4%A6al-Saflieni" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni">Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni</a> at <a href="/wiki/Paola,_Malta" title="Paola, Malta">Paola, Malta</a>, a subterranean temple complex subsequently used as a <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2500_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2500 BC">2500 BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/2200_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2200 BC">2200 BC</a>: Incised panel <a href="/wiki/Frying_pan_(NAMA_4974)" title="Frying pan (NAMA 4974)">"Frying pan"</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Syros" title="Syros">Syros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a> is made; it is now at the <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>.</li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2500 BC</span>–2200 BC: Two figures of women, from the <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a>, are made; they are now at <a href="/wiki/Goulandris_Museum_of_Cycladic_Art" title="Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art">Museum of Cycladic Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>.</li> <li>Dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Lagash" title="Lagash">Lagash</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2474_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2474 BC">2474 BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/2398_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2398 BC">2398 BC</a>: Golden age of <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>c. <a href="/wiki/2498_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2498 BC">2498 BC</a>: Fifth Dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>, reign of <a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2492_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2492 BC">2492 BC</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenian</a> patriarch <a href="/wiki/Hayk" title="Hayk">Hayk</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> king Bel (legendary account).</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2345_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2345 BC">2345 BC</a>: Sixth Dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>, reign of <a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a>.</li> <li>2334 BC: <a href="/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkad" title="Sargon of Akkad">Sargon of Akkad</a> conquers Mesopotamia, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a>.</li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/2300_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2300 BC">2300 BC</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/C-Group" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Group">C-Group</a> pastoralists arrive in Nubia.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2181_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2181 BC">2181 BC</a>: Seventh and Eighth Dynasty of Egypt (2181–2160).</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2160_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2160 BC">2160 BC</a>: Ninth Dynasty of Egypt, reign of <a href="/wiki/Akhtoy_Meryibtowe" class="mw-redirect" title="Akhtoy Meryibtowe">Akhtoy Meryibtowe</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2130_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2130 BC">2130 BC</a>: Tenth Dynasty of Egypt, reign of <a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a>.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2134_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2134 BC">2134 BC</a>: Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt, reign of <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indo-European_migrations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Indo-European_migrations.jpg/290px-Indo-European_migrations.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Indo-European_migrations.jpg/435px-Indo-European_migrations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Indo-European_migrations.jpg/580px-Indo-European_migrations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3326" data-file-height="1372" /></a><figcaption>Early <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_migrations" title="Indo-European migrations">Indo-European migrations</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Pontic_steppes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontic steppes">Pontic steppes</a> and across Central Asia</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">Megalithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Beaker_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker people">Beaker</a> flourish in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dynamic_changes_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dynamic_changes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sumerian poetry, lamenting the death of <a href="/wiki/Tammuz_(deity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tammuz (deity)">Tammuz</a>, the shepherd god.</li> <li>Sumerian cuneiform writing (reduces pictographs still in use to about 550 BC).</li> <li>Major religious festival in Sumeria celebrates victory of god of spring over goddess of chaos.</li> <li>Earliest <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Trojan</a> culture.</li> <li>Glass beads in Egypt.</li> <li>The world's last surviving <a href="/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth">mammoth</a> population, on <a href="/wiki/Wrangel_Island" title="Wrangel Island">Wrangel Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a>, goes extinct, sometime between 2500 and 2000 BC.</li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2070 BC</span>–1600 BC: The first dynasty in traditional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">Chinese historiography</a>--<a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia dynasty</a> begins in China.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inventions,_discoveries,_introductions"><span id="Inventions.2C_discoveries.2C_introductions"></span>Inventions, discoveries, introductions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_millennium_BC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inventions, discoveries, introductions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Great_Pyramid_of_Giza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Great_Pyramid_of_Giza.jpg/200px-The_Great_Pyramid_of_Giza.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Great_Pyramid_of_Giza.jpg/300px-The_Great_Pyramid_of_Giza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Great_Pyramid_of_Giza.jpg/400px-The_Great_Pyramid_of_Giza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza" title="Great Pyramid of Giza">Great Pyramid of Giza</a>, Kheops.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MedicineWheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/MedicineWheel.jpg/200px-MedicineWheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/MedicineWheel.jpg/300px-MedicineWheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/MedicineWheel.jpg/400px-MedicineWheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="1592" /></a><figcaption>The Medicine Wheel in <a href="/wiki/Bighorn_National_Forest" title="Bighorn National Forest">Bighorn National Forest</a>, Wyoming, United States.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The oldest documented evidence of the practice of <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> are wall arts in the <a href="/wiki/Mohenjodaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohenjodaro">Mohenjodaro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepwell" title="Stepwell">Stepwell</a>: Earliest clear evidence of the origins of the stepwell is found in the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a>'s archaeological site at <a href="/wiki/Mohenjodaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohenjodaro">Mohenjodaro</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.</li> <li>Toilet platforms above <a href="/wiki/Drain_(plumbing)" title="Drain (plumbing)">drains</a>, in the proximity of wells, are found in several houses of the cities of <a href="/wiki/Mohenjodaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohenjodaro">Mohenjodaro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a>.</li> <li>Pottery develops in <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> (<a href="/wiki/30th_century_BC" title="30th century BC">30th century BC</a>).</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/3000_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3000 BC">3000 BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Potter%27s_wheel" title="Potter's wheel">Potter's wheel</a> appears in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2900_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2900 BC">2900 BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/2400_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2400 BC">2400 BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerians</a> invent phonogram (linguistics).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2650_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2650 BC">2650 BC</a>: Reservoirs, script, metals and pottery used in the city of <a href="/wiki/Dholavira" title="Dholavira">Dholavira</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilization">Indus Valley civilization</a>.</li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/2300_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2300 BC">2300 BC</a></span>: Metals are used in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> record a <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a>.</li> <li>Building of the Great <a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a> of <a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a> (<a href="/wiki/26th_century_BC" title="26th century BC">26th century BC</a>).</li> <li>Sails used on <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ships</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_century_BC" title="20th century BC">20th century BC</a>).</li> <li>First <a href="/wiki/Ziggurat" title="Ziggurat">ziggurats</a> built in <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a> civilizations enter <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> around 3000 BC.</li> <li>Oldest known <a href="/wiki/Medicine_wheel" title="Medicine wheel">medicine wheel</a> constructed in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>.</li> <li>First <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a> (~2500 BC) and then <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a> (~2000 BC) and other types of <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a> are introduced to <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kunga_(equid)" title="Kunga (equid)">kunga</a> was first bred in Ancient Syria and Mesopotamia by hybridizing captured now-extinct <a href="/wiki/Syrian_wild_ass" title="Syrian wild ass">Syrian wild ass</a> males with <a href="/wiki/Domestic_donkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic donkey">domestic donkey</a> females between 2600 and 2000 BCE. It later fell out of favor when both <a href="/wiki/Domestic_horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic horse">domestic horses</a> and their donkey hybrids, <a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mules</a>, arrived in the ancient Near East at the end of the millennium.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">Domestication of the horse</a> with the coming of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Indo-Europeans</a> in central Eurasia.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a> emerges in Eurasian Steppe just before 2000 BC.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dromedary" title="Dromedary">dromedary</a>) domesticated (though widespread use took until mid-to-late <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC" title="2nd millennium BC">2nd millennium BC</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Indoor plumbing and sewage in the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilization">Indus Valley civilization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ur_chariot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ur_chariot.jpg/200px-Ur_chariot.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ur_chariot.jpg/300px-Ur_chariot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ur_chariot.jpg/400px-Ur_chariot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2660" data-file-height="1356" /></a><figcaption>Chariot depicted on the <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_Ur" title="Standard of Ur">Standard of Ur</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> city-state of <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2600 BC</span></figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> medicine discovers the healing qualities of mineral springs.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Weaving loom known in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ornamental <a href="/wiki/Button" title="Button">buttons</a>—made from seashell—were used in the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a> for ornamental purposes by 2000 BCE.</li> <li>Sumerian numerical system based on multiples of 6 and 12.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Egyptians begin use of papyrus.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a> peoples have developed lateen sail, and the out-rigger as well as extensive development of celestial navigation systems.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Oldest known evidence of the <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_smoking" title="Cannabis smoking">inhalation of cannabis smoke</a>, as indicated by <a href="/wiki/Charred" class="mw-redirect" title="Charred">charred</a> cannabis <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a> found in a <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">ritual</a> <a href="/wiki/Brazier" title="Brazier">brazier</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Burial_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Burial site">burial site</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_landmarks">Cultural landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_millennium_BC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cultural landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg/220px-Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg/330px-Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg/440px-Stonehenge2007_07_30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Stonehenge.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>c. <a href="/wiki/3000_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="3000 BC">3000 BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/2500_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2500 BC">2500 BC</a>: Tomb, <a href="/wiki/Newgrange" title="Newgrange">Newgrange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, was built.</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/2750_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="2750 BC">2750 BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/1500_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="1500 BC">1500 BC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Plain" title="Salisbury Plain">Salisbury Plain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>, England, is built.</li> <li>Completion of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza" title="Great Pyramid of Giza">Great Pyramid of Giza</a>.</li> <li>Completion of first phase of <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a> monument in England.</li> <li>Era of <a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista,_Peru" title="Buena Vista, Peru">Buena Vista</a> pyramid/observatory in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sydney_rock_engravings" title="Sydney rock engravings">Sydney rock engravings</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, which are examples of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_rock_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal rock art">Aboriginal rock art</a>, date from around 3000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Centuries">Centuries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_millennium_BC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30th_century_BC" title="30th century BC">30th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_century_BC" title="29th century BC">29th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_century_BC" title="28th century BC">28th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_century_BC" title="27th century BC">27th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_century_BC" title="26th century BC">26th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_century_BC" title="25th century BC">25th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_century_BC" title="24th century BC">24th century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_century_BC" title="23rd century BC">23rd century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_century_BC" title="22nd century BC">22nd century BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century_BC" title="21st century BC">21st century BC</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_millennium_BC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean-Noël Biraben, "Essai sur l'évolution du nombre des hommes", <i>Population</i> 34-1 (1979), 13–25, estimates 40 million at 5000 BC and 100 million at 1600 BC, for an average growth rate of 0.027% p.a. over the Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze Age.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/02/mainland/en/eh/intro/eb1/index.html">"The Bronze Age on the Greek Mainland: Early Bronze Age – Early Helladic I"</a>. Athens: Foundation of the Hellenic World. 1999–2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bronze+Age+on+the+Greek+Mainland%3A+Early+Bronze+Age+%E2%80%93+Early+Helladic+I&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Foundation+of+the+Hellenic+World&rft.date=1999%2F2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhw.gr%2Fchronos%2F02%2Fmainland%2Fen%2Feh%2Fintro%2Feb1%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+millennium+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dynamic_changes-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dynamic_changes_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dynamic_changes_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021" class="citation journal cs1">Papac, Luka; et al. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8386934">"Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BC central Europe"</a>. <i>Science Advances</i>. <b>7</b> (35): eabi6941. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021SciA....7.6941P">2021SciA....7.6941P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abi6941">10.1126/sciadv.abi6941</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2375-2548">2375-2548</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8386934">8386934</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34433570">34433570</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=Dynamic+changes+in+genomic+and+social+structures+in+third+millennium+BC+central+Europe&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=eabi6941&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8386934%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021SciA....7.6941P&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34433570&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.abi6941&rft.issn=2375-2548&rft.aulast=Papac&rft.aufirst=Luka&rft.au=Ern%C3%A9e%2C+Michal&rft.au=Dobe%C5%A1%2C+Miroslav&rft.au=Langov%C3%A1%2C+Michaela&rft.au=Rohrlach%2C+Adam+B.&rft.au=Aron%2C+Franziska&rft.au=Neumann%2C+Gunnar+U.&rft.au=Spyrou%2C+Maria+A.&rft.au=Rohland%2C+Nadin&rft.au=Velem%C3%ADnsk%C3%BD%2C+Petr&rft.au=Kuna%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8386934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+millennium+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archaeology.org/news/9963-210830-bohemia-genome-migration">"Genetic Study Reveals Bohemia's Dynamic Prehistory"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_(magazine)" title="Archaeology (magazine)">Archaeology</a></i>. Archaeological Institute of America. 30 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeology&rft.atitle=Genetic+Study+Reveals+Bohemia%27s+Dynamic+Prehistory&rft.date=2021-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.org%2Fnews%2F9963-210830-bohemia-genome-migration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+millennium+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indo-European-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Indo-European_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015" class="citation journal cs1">Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei (11 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5048219">"Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>522</b> (7555): 207–211. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.02783">1502.02783</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.522..207H">2015Natur.522..207H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature14317">10.1038/nature14317</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5048219">5048219</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25731166">25731166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Massive+migration+from+the+steppe+was+a+source+for+Indo-European+languages+in+Europe&rft.volume=522&rft.issue=7555&rft.pages=207-211&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5048219%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Natur.522..207H&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1502.02783&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature14317&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25731166&rft.aulast=Haak&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.au=Lazaridis%2C+Iosif&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Nick&rft.au=Rohland%2C+Nadin&rft.au=Mallick%2C+Swapan&rft.au=Llamas%2C+Bastien&rft.au=Brandt%2C+Guido&rft.au=Nordenfelt%2C+Susanne&rft.au=Harney%2C+Eadaoin&rft.au=Stewardson%2C+Kristin&rft.au=Fu%2C+Qiaomei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5048219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+millennium+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScarre1993" class="citation book cs1">Scarre, Chris (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yy3VngEACAAJ"><i>Smithsonian Timelines of the Ancient World</i></a>. Smithsonian Institution. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56458-305-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56458-305-5"><bdi>978-1-56458-305-5</bdi></a>. <q>Both the dromedary (the one-humped camel of Arabia) and the Bactrian camel (the two-humped camel of Central Asia) had been domesticated since before 2000 BC.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smithsonian+Timelines+of+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-56458-305-5&rft.aulast=Scarre&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYy3VngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+millennium+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulliet1990" class="citation book cs1">Bulliet, Richard W. (1990) [1975]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vnf74PlZ7Z8C"><i>The Camel and the Wheel</i></a>. Morningside Book Series. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07235-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07235-9"><bdi>978-0-231-07235-9</bdi></a>. <q>As has already been mentioned, this type of utilization [camels pulling wagons] goes back to the earliest known period of two-humped camel domestication in the third millennium BC.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Camel+and+the+Wheel&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Morningside+Book+Series&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-231-07235-9&rft.aulast=Bulliet&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVnf74PlZ7Z8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+millennium+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Saifullah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/5937322">"Chapter 2 Sanitation and wastewater technologies in Harappa/Indus valley civilization (ca. 2600-1900 BC"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+2+Sanitation+and+wastewater+technologies+in+Harappa%2FIndus+valley+civilization+%28ca.+2600-1900+BC&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Saifullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F5937322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+millennium+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2008" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, Douglas M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=99H_tpN_iVkC&dq=sumerian+mineral+springs&pg=PA147"><i>The Historical Foundations of World Order: The Tower and the Arena</i></a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16167-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16167-2"><bdi>978-90-04-16167-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Foundations+of+World+Order%3A+The+Tower+and+the+Arena&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16167-2&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Douglas+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D99H_tpN_iVkC%26dq%3Dsumerian%2Bmineral%2Bsprings%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+millennium+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/loom">"Loom | weaving"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Loom+%7C+weaving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftechnology%2Floom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+millennium+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapua" class="citation web cs1">Capua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pyma/hd_pyma.htm">"Papyrus-Making in Egypt"</a>. <i>www.metmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Papyrus-Making+in+Egypt&rft.au=Capua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fpyma%2Fhd_pyma.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+millennium+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudgley2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rudgley" title="Richard Rudgley">Rudgley, Richard</a> (2000) [1999]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vhSHn-B89A0C"><i>Lost Civilisations of the Stone Age</i></a>. New York: Touchstone (Simon and Schuster). p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85580-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85580-6"><bdi>978-0-684-85580-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Civilisations+of+the+Stone+Age&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Touchstone+%28Simon+and+Schuster%29&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-684-85580-6&rft.aulast=Rudgley&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvhSHn-B89A0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+millennium+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-culture/2016/03/top-7-aboriginal-rock-art-sites/">Australia's top 7 Aboriginal rock art sites by Australian Geographic</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_millennium" title="3rd millennium">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_far_future" title="Timeline of the far future">4th and later</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Before_Common_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Common Era">BCE</a> / <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium_BC" title="1st millennium BC">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC" title="2nd millennium BC">2nd</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_millennium_BC" title="5th millennium BC">5th</a></li> <li><a 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