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id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz" class=""><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Luba+%28xalq%29" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi." class=""><span>Hisob yaratish</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Luba+%28xalq%29" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Kirish</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Shaxsiy uskunalar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Shaxsiy uskunalar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Foydalanuvchi menyusi" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz"><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Luba+%28xalq%29" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hisob yaratish</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Luba+%28xalq%29" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kirish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chiqishni amalga oshirgan tahrirchilar uchun sahifalar <a href="/wiki/Yordam:Mundarija" aria-label="Tahrirlash haqida batafsil maʼlumot"><span>batafsil maʼlumot</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyContributions" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar roʻyxati [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Qoʻshilgan hissa</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyTalk" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar munozarasi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mundarija" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mundarija</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tarkib" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarkib"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tarkib</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarkib-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Til" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Til"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Til</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Til-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarixi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarixi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tarixi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarixi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tarixi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tarixi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Luba_imperiyasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luba_imperiyasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Luba imperiyasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luba_imperiyasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kongo_erkin_davlati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kongo_erkin_davlati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kongo erkin davlati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kongo_erkin_davlati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mustaqillik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mustaqillik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mustaqillik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mustaqillik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Din</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anʼanaviy_turmush_tarzi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anʼanaviy_turmush_tarzi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Anʼanaviy turmush tarzi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anʼanaviy_turmush_tarzi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Anʼanaviy turmush tarzi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anʼanaviy_turmush_tarzi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aholi_punktlari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aholi_punktlari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Aholi punktlari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aholi_punktlari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hunarmandchilik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunarmandchilik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Hunarmandchilik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunarmandchilik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marosimlar,_marosimlar,_urf-odatlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marosimlar,_marosimlar,_urf-odatlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Marosimlar, marosimlar, urf-odatlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marosimlar,_marosimlar,_urf-odatlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luba_xalqining_mashhur_vakillari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luba_xalqining_mashhur_vakillari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Luba xalqining mashhur vakillari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luba_xalqining_mashhur_vakillari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Havolalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Havolalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Havolalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Havolalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adabiyot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adabiyot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Adabiyot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adabiyot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Luba (xalq)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 34 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="شعب لوبا – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب لوبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="شعب لوبا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شعب لوبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Луба (народ) – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Луба (народ)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba_(grup_hum%C3%A0)" title="Luba (grup humà) – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Luba (grup humà)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubov%C3%A9" title="Lubové – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lubové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluba" title="Baluba – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baluba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba_people" title="Luba people – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Luba people" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luboj" title="Luboj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Luboj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba_(etnia)" title="Luba (etnia) – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luba (etnia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba_(peuple)" title="Luba (peuple) – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Luba (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_luba" title="Pobo luba – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo luba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutanen_Luba" title="Mutanen Luba – xausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mutanen Luba" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="xausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_(%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="לובה (קבוצה אתנית) – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לובה (קבוצה אתנית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Luba" title="Suku Luba – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Luba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluba" title="Baluba – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Baluba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E6%97%8F" title="ルバ族 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルバ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluba" title="Baluba – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Baluba" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Луба – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Луба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%B0%94%EC%A1%B1" title="루바족 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루바족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%BAba" title="Balúba – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Balúba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balubai" title="Balubai – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Balubai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loba_(vahoaka)" title="Loba (vahoaka) – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Loba (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC" title="ലൂബ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലൂബ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba_(volk)" title="Luba (volk) – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luba (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba_(lud)" title="Luba (lud) – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Luba (lud)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubas" title="Lubas – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lubas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Луба (народ) – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Луба (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba_(narod)" title="Luba (narod) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Luba (narod)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba_(folkslag)" title="Luba (folkslag) – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luba (folkslag)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81" title="லூபா இனக்குழு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லூபா இனக்குழு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balubalar" title="Balubalar – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Balubalar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Луба – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Луба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luba" title="Luba – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Luba" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%B7%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="盧巴人 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="盧巴人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q805841#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Qiyofa</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><p><b>Luba</b> (baluba) — <a href="/wiki/Kongo_Demokratik_Respublikasi" title="Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi">Kongo Demokratik Respublikasining</a> (sobiq Zair) janubi-sharqidagi etnik jamoa boʻlib, bu davlatdagi eng yirik aholi sanaladi. Ular asosan <a href="/wiki/Kasai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasai">Kasai</a>, Lulua, Sharqiy Kasai, Lomami, Yuqori Lomami, Maniema, Tanganyika, Yuqori Katanga va <a href="/wiki/Kongo_(daryo)" title="Kongo (daryo)">Lualaba</a> viloyatlar hududlarida isteqomat qilishadi. </p><p>Luba qabilasining 11 millionga yaqin. Diniga koʻra — <a href="/wiki/Xristianlik" title="Xristianlik">xristianlar</a> (katoliklar, presviterianlar va boshqalar), baʼzilari sunniy musulmonlar, ammo qadimgi eʼtiqodlar (<a href="/wiki/Ajdodlarga_sig%CA%BBinish" title="Ajdodlarga sigʻinish">ajdodlarga sigʻinish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animizm" title="Animizm">animizm</a> va boshqalar), sinkretik sektalar tarafdorlari ham mavjud. </p><p><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrta_asr" title="Oʻrta asr">Oʻrta asrlarda</a> Luba oʻzlarining Luba davlatini yaratdilar. Qadim zamonlardan buyon qoʻlda dehqonchilik (makkajoʻxori, tariq, manok, <a href="/wiki/Yams" title="Yams">yams</a>) bilan shugʻullanganlar. Amaliy sanʼat, ayniqsa, badiiy yogʻoch oʻymakorligi rivojlangan edi. </p><p>Anʼanaviy ijtimoiy tashkilot matrilineal qabila tuzilmalari bilan tavsiflanadi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarkib">Tarkib</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tarkib" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tarkib"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luba qabilasi quyidagi guruhlarni oʻz ichiga oladi. </p><p>Gʻarbiy bast (luba-kasai, lulua, luva) — taxminan. 7 million kishini tashkil etgan. Kuba-katanga (shaba) esa — 2 million kishi boʻlgan. Janubiy bast (sanga) — 720 ming kishini tashkil etgan yana bir oʻtmon hududlarda keng yashovchi guruhlardan biri boʻlgan Kanoelar esa soni— 340 ming kishini tashkil etgan. Sharqona bast (hemba) — 230 ming kishi va Lvalu — 65 ming kishini tashkil etgan guruhlar hisoblangan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Til">Til</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Til" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Til"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luba tillarida soʻzlashadi: Luba-Kasai (Chiluba), Luba-Katanga (Shaba), Kanyok, Hemba, Sanga va Lvalu kabi tillarda soʻzlashadilar Luba-Kasai Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi va butun <a href="/wiki/Markaziy_Afrika" title="Markaziy Afrika">Markaziy Afrikaning</a> eng keng tarqalgan tillaridan biri boʻlib, <a href="/wiki/Lotin_alifbosi" title="Lotin alifbosi">lotin yozuviga</a> asoslangan til hisoblanadi. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Suaxili_tili" title="Suaxili tili">Suahili</a> tilining gʻarbiy lahjasi ham keng tarqalgan.. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarixi">Tarixi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tarixi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tarixi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Baluba_natives-1908.jpg/300px-Baluba_natives-1908.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fayl:Baluba_natives-1908.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Baluba_natives-1908.jpg/300px-Baluba_natives-1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Baluba_natives-1908.jpg/450px-Baluba_natives-1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Baluba_natives-1908.jpg/600px-Baluba_natives-1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption> Luba, 1908-yil.</figcaption></figure> <p>Miloddan avvalgi V asrga kelib Bantu xalqlarining koʻchishi paytida zamonaviy <a href="/wiki/Kongo_Demokratik_Respublikasi" title="Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi">Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi</a> hududining janubi-sharqidagi Upemba vodiysining botqoqli hududlariga yetib bordi. Hududda toʻgʻon va drenaj ariqlarini qurish va ularga xizmat koʻrsatishda yuqori darajadagi tashkiliylik talab qilingan edi. Qurilgan toʻgʻonlar tufayli qurgʻoqchilik mavsumida baliq saqlash imkoniyati paydo boʻldi. VI asrda basta temirni qayta ishlay boshladi. Luba aholi punktlarini <i>kilololar</i> boshqargan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luba_imperiyasi">Luba imperiyasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Luba imperiyasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Luba imperiyasi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1500—yilga kelib, ehtimol undan oldinroq, Luba urugʻlarining monarx, „ilohiy himoya“ boshqaruvi ostida yagona qirollikka birlashishi boshlanadi. Qirol <i>Mulopve</i> odamlar dunyosi va ruhlar dunyosi oʻrtasida vositachi boʻlgan <i>Balopve</i> urugʻidan edi. <i>Mulopwe</i> har hil vazifalarni bajargan, jumladan. </p><p>Dunyoviy boshqaruv hokimiyat rahbari vazifasini bajargan. Shuningdek, mahalliy rahbarlardan soliq yigʻish. Qabul qilingan narsalar monarxiyaning sodiq izdoshlari oʻrtasida sovgʻalar shaklida qayta taqsimlandi. Amalda bu soliq tizimi davlat tomonidan boshqariladigan savdo tarmogʻining asosini tashkil etar edi. Luba qabilasining <i>Bambudiyyaning boshligʻi,</i> shohlar, boshliqlar va boshqa amaldorlarni, ham erkaklar, ham ayollarni oʻz ichiga olgan yashirin marosim jamiyati tuzar edi. Ular saltanatning yaxlitligini saqlashni nazorat qilib, qabila urf-odatlarini, shu jumladan ogʻzaki urf-odatlarni saqlovchilar edilar. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585-</a>yildan boshlab Luba qirolligining taʼsiri tez oʻsishni boshladi. XVIII asrning boshlarida ular <a href="/wiki/Portugallar" title="Portugallar">portugallar</a> tomonidan <a href="/wiki/Yangi_dunyo" title="Yangi dunyo">Yangi Dunyodan</a> olib kelingan manokok va <a href="/wiki/Makkajo%CA%BBxori" title="Makkajoʻxori">makkajoʻxori</a> yetishtirishdi. Doimiy oziq-ovqat manbasining mavjudligi demografik va iqtisodiy oʻsishga sabab boʻldi. </p><p>Qirollik Ilung Sung (1780—1810), uning oʻgʻli Kumvimbe Ngombe (1810—1840) va Ilunga Kabal (1840—1874) hukmdorlari davrida eng yuqori gullab-yashnagan davr edi. Portugallarning vositachiligida Lubalar <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> hududidagi forpostlarda savdo qilishgan. Savdo tarmogʻida xoch shaklidagi mis quyma va toʻqilgan rafiya gazlamalari aylanma vositasi boʻlib xizmat qilgan, bu yerda oʻqlar uchun zaharlar, hayvonlarning terilari, fil suyagi va quritilgan baliqlar qoramol, paxta, munchoq, temir va asboblarga savdo almashuv vositalridan foydalanishgan. </p><p>Taxminan 1870-yilda Luba davlatining tanazzulga uchrashi boshlandi, u asta-sekin oʻz oʻrnini yoʻqota boshladi. Bundan tashqari, Luba <a href="/wiki/Tanganika" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanganika">Tanganika</a> koʻli yoʻnalishidan koʻchib oʻtadigan Nyamwezi qabilasi va <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikaning</a> sharqiy qirgʻogʻidan ichkariga koʻchgan <a href="/wiki/Arablar" title="Arablar">arab koʻchmanchilari tomonidan</a> bostirib kirish xavfi ostida edi. Hal qiluvchi omil ikkala <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBtochar_qurol" title="Oʻtochar qurol">oʻqotar qurolning</a> mavjudligi edi. Luba zabt etilmadi, ammo arablar shimoliy savdo yoʻllarini, Nyamwezi — janubiy savdo yoʻllarini toʻsib qoʻyishdi va shtat iqtisodiyotiga jiddiy zarar yetkazila boshlandi. Zararni qoplash va qurol-yarog 'qoʻlga kiritish uchun Luba aholini qullikka sotishni boshlashga majbur boʻldi, bu esa qulashni tezlashtirdi. Qullarning narxi pasayib, xalq orasida norozilik kuchaydi. 1874-yilda Ilunga Kabale oʻldirildi. Uning vafotidan keyin saltanatda sulolaviy nizolar boshlandi. 1880-yilda Kongoning sharqiy qismi Hamed bin Muhammad al-Marjebi boshchiligida arablar nazoratiga oʻtdi. Bundan tashqari, arablar Luba hududiga <a href="/wiki/Chechak" title="Chechak">chechak kasalliklarni</a> olib kelishdi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kongo_erkin_davlati">Kongo erkin davlati</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Kongo erkin davlati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kongo erkin davlati"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahalliy qabilalar temir yoʻllar, shaharlar va konlar qurilishida erkin mehnat qilganlar. Mehnatga xizmat koʻrsatish va resurslar bilan taʼminlashdan bosh tortganlik uchun jazo choralari — aholini qirib tashlash, qishloqlarni vayron qilish kabilar foydalanilgan. Luba bir nechta qoʻzgʻolonlarni koʻtardi, ammo ular bostirildi va ishtirokchilar mis konlariga surgun qilindi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mustaqillik">Mustaqillik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Mustaqillik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Mustaqillik"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Faqat <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960-</a>yilda milliy ozodlik harakati kuchayishidan qoʻrqib, belgiyaliklar KDRga mustaqillik berdilar. Oʻsha yili togʻ-kon sanoati markazi Katanga provinsiyasi oʻz taqdirini oʻzi belgilash huquqini eʼlon qildi. Luba ikki lagerga boʻlingan — Emanuel Ndaye boshchiligidagi Katanga boʻlinishi tarafdorlari va markaziy hukumat tarafdorlari, ularning rahbari Kisula Ngoye edi. <a href="/wiki/Separatizm" title="Separatizm">Ayirmachilar</a> magʻlub boʻlgach, Kisula Ngoye Luba xalqining eng obroʻli rahbariga aylandi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Din">Din</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Din" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Din"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tatoveret_Baluba-Mand.png/90px-Tatoveret_Baluba-Mand.png"><img resource="/wiki/Fayl:Tatoveret_Baluba-Mand.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tatoveret_Baluba-Mand.png/90px-Tatoveret_Baluba-Mand.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tatoveret_Baluba-Mand.png/135px-Tatoveret_Baluba-Mand.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tatoveret_Baluba-Mand.png/179px-Tatoveret_Baluba-Mand.png 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="2833" /></a><figcaption> Anʼanaviy luba tatuirovkalari, 1898-yil.</figcaption></figure> <p>Luba dini — <a href="/wiki/Xristianlik" title="Xristianlik">nasroniylik</a> hisoblanadi, uni portugal missionerlari targʻib qilgan edi. Qadimgi eʼtiqodlar ham saqlanib qolgan: <a href="/wiki/Ajdodlarga_sig%CA%BBinish" title="Ajdodlarga sigʻinish">ajdodlarga sigʻinish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animizm" title="Animizm">animizm</a> va boshqalar. </p><p>Lubaning yaratuvchisi xudosining ismi — Kabezya-Mpungu sanaladi. Dunyoning yaratilishi haqidagi afsona Xudoning koʻrinmasligi va Kabezya-Mpunguga tegishli boʻlgan ilohiy tarkibiy qism boʻlgan odamlarning iqtidorliligi oʻrtasidagi bogʻliqlikni tushuntirar edi. Afsonaga koʻra, dunyo va hali yuragi boʻlmagan odamlar yaratilgandan soʻng, Kabezya-Mpungu koʻrinmas boʻlishga qaror qiladi. Yomgʻir, quyosh, oy va zulmat oʻrtasidagi muvozanatni oʻrnatgandan soʻng, u gʻoyib boʻladi, lekin oʻzini koʻrinadigan oʻrnini egallash uchun u odamlarga <i>Mutshima</i> yuboradi deb faraziyalar qilishadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anʼanaviy_turmush_tarzi"><span id="An.CA.BCanaviy_turmush_tarzi"></span>Anʼanaviy turmush tarzi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Anʼanaviy turmush tarzi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Anʼanaviy turmush tarzi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aholi_punktlari">Aholi punktlari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Aholi punktlari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Aholi punktlari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luba qishlogʻi bitta yoʻl boʻylab qurilgan toʻrtburchaklar uylarndan tashkil topgan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hunarmandchilik">Hunarmandchilik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Hunarmandchilik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Hunarmandchilik"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luba xalqi vakillari mohir yogʻoch oʻymakorlari sifatida tanilgan. Ular tomonidan tayyorlangan niqoblar, pichoqlar, bilaguzuklar va boltalar qimmat hisoblanadi. Luba xalqida sanoat mahsulotlarining mavjud boʻlmaganligi shuningdek iqlimiy jihatdan nisbatan oʻrmon hududlarining borligi va oʻrmonlardagi daraxtlar asosiy hunarmandchilik vositalarining hom ashyosi vazifasini bajarar edi. Mahalliy hunarmandchilik Luba xalqining tarixiy kelib chiqishi va geografik xususiyatlariga bogʻliq holatda rivojlangan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marosimlar,_marosimlar,_urf-odatlar"><span id="Marosimlar.2C_marosimlar.2C_urf-odatlar"></span>Marosimlar, marosimlar, urf-odatlar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Marosimlar, marosimlar, urf-odatlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Marosimlar, marosimlar, urf-odatlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tabouret_luba-Mus%C3%A9e_ethnologique_de_Berlin.jpg/200px-Tabouret_luba-Mus%C3%A9e_ethnologique_de_Berlin.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fayl:Tabouret_luba-Mus%C3%A9e_ethnologique_de_Berlin.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tabouret_luba-Mus%C3%A9e_ethnologique_de_Berlin.jpg/200px-Tabouret_luba-Mus%C3%A9e_ethnologique_de_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tabouret_luba-Mus%C3%A9e_ethnologique_de_Berlin.jpg/300px-Tabouret_luba-Mus%C3%A9e_ethnologique_de_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tabouret_luba-Mus%C3%A9e_ethnologique_de_Berlin.jpg/400px-Tabouret_luba-Mus%C3%A9e_ethnologique_de_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="2328" /></a><figcaption> Tabure shaklida bast karyatid, yogʻoch, XIX asr.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Kibbut</i> folbinligi Luba xalqi orasida qoʻllangan. <i>Bilumbu</i>, folbin-medium, ichi tantanali narsalar boʻlgan <i>mbokoslarga</i>, muqaddas savatlarga yoki qovoqlarga qarab taxminlar qilar edi. Ularning fikricha, <i>Mbokolarning</i> pastki qismida bu narsalarni tartibga solish orqali ruhlar oʻz irodasini folbinga yetkazishar edi. </p><p><i>Bambudiya</i> maxfiy jamiyati aʼzolari Luba xalqining tarixi va marosimlarini saqlash va eslab qolishga yordam beradigan qurilmaga ega edilar. U <i>lukasa</i>, „esdalik lavhasi“ deb nomlangan. </p><p>Tananing ranglanishida bezak, marosim, ramziy xabar paydo boʻladi. Bastdagi oq rang kasal, oʻliklarning ramzi, motam va qaygʻu belgisi hisoblanadi. Dafn marosimida bast murdani oq rangga boʻyadi. Oq boʻyoq oq loyni suyultirish orqali olinadi. Qizil rang hayot, sogʻliq, quvonch, kuch, boylik, odamlar yoki taqiqlangan narsalarni bildirar edi. Luba ayollari emizish paytida ikki-uch yil davomida qizil rangga boʻyashadi va ayollar jinsiy aloqa qila olishmaydi. </p><p>Baʼzi yashirin luba birlashmalarining raqslarida shaxslar oʻrtasidagi alohida munosabatlarni ifodalash uchun rang berish ham sodir boʻlishi mumkin: tun boshlanishi bilan erkak va ayol bir-biriga rangli dogʻlar yordamida raqsni tark etish istagining belgilarini berishi mumkin. tananing biron bir joyida<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Luba_xalqining_mashhur_vakillari">Luba xalqining mashhur vakillari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Luba xalqining mashhur vakillari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Luba xalqining mashhur vakillari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Félix Tshisekedi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Feliks Tshisekedi</a> — DRC prezidenti.</li> <li>Mutombo, Dikembe — NBA professional basketbolchisi.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pirsio-Biroli, D.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pirsio-Biroli, D., str. 134—135</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Havolalar">Havolalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Havolalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Havolalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gateway-africa.com/tribe/luba_tribe.html">Afrika darvozasi.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gateway-africa.com/tribe/luba_tribe.html">Com Luba haqida maʼlumot.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gateway-africa.com/tribe/luba_tribe.html">Kristofer D. Roy</a></li> <li>Luba: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060214141207/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/oldworld/africa/luba.html">[1]</a></li> <li>Maurer toʻplami, Amherst universiteti: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.amherst.edu/~jpembert/p3.html">[2]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> saytida 2006-02-25 sanasida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060225033057/http://www.amherst.edu/~jpembert/p3.html">arxivlangan</a>) Slit gongs & Musical Oracles</li> <li>Afrika xalqlarining soch turmagi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/vs/article/3905/">[3]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224328/http://cuar.in.ua/cuar/Tribes/Luba/Luba-a.htm">Baluba qabilasi</a> sanʼati Mirimanov V. B. Tropik Afrika sanʼati</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyot">Adabiyot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyot" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyot"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tropik Afrikaning qadimgi davrlardan 1870-yilgacha boʻlgan tarixi / Ed. ed. Olderoge D. A. / Perev. Matveeva G. A., Kalshchikova E. N. M.: „Fan“, 1984-yil.</li> <li>Korochantsev V.A. Tomtamlar jangi tushni uygʻotadi // Gʻarbiy va Markaziy Afrika xalqlari haqida. M.: 1987-yil.</li> <li>Lvova E. S. Luba // Dunyo xalqlari va dinlari / Bob. ed. V. A. Tishkov . M.: Buyuk rus entsiklopediyasi, 1999. S. 295.</li> <li>Orlova A.S., Lvova E.S. Buyuk Savanna tarixi sahifalari. M., 1978-yil.</li> <li>Pirsio Biroli, Tafsilot. Tropik Afrikaning madaniy antropologiyasi. M .: „Sharq adabiyoti“, 2001-yil</li> <li>Karl Eynshteyn (Tahr.) 1925: Afrikanische Märchen va Legenden; Rovolt, 1925-yil. Neuausgabe (1980) MEDUSA Verlag Wölk + Schmid, Berlin.<sup><span title="olmoncha" style="font-size:90%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-progressive, #36c);">(olm.)</span></sup> <small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на немецком языке">)</small></li> <li>Gohung X. Baluba. Studien zur Selbszuordnung und Herrschaftsstuktur der Baluba. Meisenxaym a. Glans, 1970-yil.<sup><span title="olmoncha" style="font-size:90%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-progressive, #36c);">(olm.)</span></sup> <small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на немецком языке">)</small></li> <li>Leslau, Sharlotta; Boʻri Leslau (Tahr.): Afrika xalq ertaklari; Vernon togʻi. NY: Piter Pauper Press, 1963-yil.</li> <li>Fage, JD va Oliver, Roland (umumiy muharrirlar). Afrikaning Kembrij tarixi. V va VI jildlar. Kembrij: Kembrij universiteti nashriyoti, 1976-yil.</li> <li>Rif T. Kamalak va qirollar. Nyu-York, 1995-yil.</li> <li>Roberts MN va A.F. Luba. 1997-yil.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&oldid=5191990">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luba_(xalq)&oldid=5191990</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Categories" title="Maxsus:Categories">Turkum</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Etnos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Etnos (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Etnos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Afrika_xalqlari" title="Turkum:Afrika xalqlari">Afrika xalqlari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Afrika" title="Turkum:Afrika">Afrika</a></li><li><a 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