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荷蘭共和國 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>經濟</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經濟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>政治</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-政治-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关政治子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-憲政體制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#憲政體制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>憲政體制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-憲政體制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-軍事" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#軍事"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>軍事</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-軍事-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衰落" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衰落"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>衰落</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-衰落-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">荷蘭共和國</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。79种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_van_die_Sewe_Verenigde_Nederlande" title="Republiek van die Sewe Verenigde Nederlande – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Republiek van die Sewe Verenigde Nederlande" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="جمهورية هولندا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية هولندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جمهورية نيديرلاند – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جمهورية نيديرلاند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincies_Xun%C3%ADes_de_los_Pa%C3%ADses_Baxos" title="Provincies Xuníes de los Países Baxos – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Provincies Xuníes de los Países Baxos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeddi_Birl%C9%99%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_%C6%8Fyal%C9%99t_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Yeddi Birləşmiş Əyalət Respublikası – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yeddi Birləşmiş Əyalət Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="یئددی بیرلشمیش ایالت جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئددی بیرلشمیش ایالت جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Рэспубліка Злучаных правінцый – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэспубліка Злучаных правінцый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Съединени провинции – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съединени провинции" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provi%C3%B1so%C3%B9-Unanet" title="Proviñsoù-Unanet – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Proviñsoù-Unanet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncies_Unides" title="Províncies Unides – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Províncies Unides" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="کۆماری ھۆڵەندا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری ھۆڵەندا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_provincie_nizozemsk%C3%A9" title="Spojené provincie nizozemské – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spojené provincie nizozemské" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweriniaeth_yr_Iseldiroedd" title="Gweriniaeth yr Iseldiroedd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweriniaeth yr Iseldiroedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Forenede_Nederlande" title="De Forenede Nederlande – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="De Forenede Nederlande" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_der_Vereinigten_Niederlande" title="Republik der Vereinigten Niederlande – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Republik der Vereinigten Niederlande" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ολλανδική Δημοκρατία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ολλανδική Δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dutch Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respubliko_de_la_Sep_Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Provincoj" title="Respubliko de la Sep Unuiĝintaj Provincoj – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Respubliko de la Sep Unuiĝintaj Provincoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincias_Unidas_de_los_Pa%C3%ADses_Bajos" title="Provincias Unidas de los Países Bajos – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincias Unidas de los Países Bajos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollandi_Vabariik" title="Hollandi Vabariik – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hollandi Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zazpi_Herbehere_Batuen_Errepublika" title="Zazpi Herbehere Batuen Errepublika – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zazpi Herbehere Batuen Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جمهوری هلند – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری هلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdistyneet_provinssit" title="Yhdistyneet provinssit – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdistyneet provinssit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces-Unies" title="Provinces-Unies – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Provinces-Unies" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republyk_fan_de_S%C3%A2n_Feriene_Nederlannen" title="Republyk fan de Sân Feriene Nederlannen – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Republyk fan de Sân Feriene Nederlannen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblacht_na_Seacht_nD%C3%BAiche_Aontaithe" title="Poblacht na Seacht nDúiche Aontaithe – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Poblacht na Seacht nDúiche Aontaithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblachd_nan_Seachd_Roinnean_Aonaichte" title="Poblachd nan Seachd Roinnean Aonaichte – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Poblachd nan Seachd Roinnean Aonaichte" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincias_Unidas" title="Provincias Unidas – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Provincias Unidas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הרפובליקה ההולנדית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה ההולנדית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="डच गणराज्य – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डच गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Nizozemska" title="Republika Nizozemska – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Republika Nizozemska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyes%C3%BClt_Tartom%C3%A1nyok" title="Egyesült Tartományok – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egyesült Tartományok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Միացյալ նահանգների հանրապետություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միացյալ նահանգների հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Belanda" title="Republik Belanda – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Belanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandana_republiko" title="Nederlandana republiko – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nederlandana republiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollenska_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Hollenska lýðveldið – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hollenska lýðveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_delle_Sette_Province_Unite" title="Repubblica delle Sette Province Unite – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica delle Sette Province Unite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="ネーデルラント連邦共和国 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネーデルラント連邦共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="გაერთიანებული პროვინციების რესპუბლიკა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაერთიანებული პროვინციების რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%8D%9C%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="네덜란드 공화국 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네덜란드 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Бирикген провинцияла – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Бирикген провинцияла" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respublica_Provinciarum_Septem_Foederatarum" title="Respublica Provinciarum Septem Foederatarum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Respublica Provinciarum Septem Foederatarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_vun_de_Siwe_Vereenegte_Prov%C3%ABnzen" title="Republik vun de Siwe Vereenegte Provënzen – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Republik vun de Siwe Vereenegte Provënzen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_nederlandes" title="Republica nederlandes – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Republica nederlandes" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rippubliek_vaan_de_Zeve_Vereinegde_Nederlen" title="Rippubliek vaan de Zeve Vereinegde Nederlen – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rippubliek vaan de Zeve Vereinegde Nederlen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_de_la_Set_Provinzies_Unides" title="Republica de la Set Provinzies Unides – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Republica de la Set Provinzies Unides" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungtin%C4%97s_Nyderland%C5%B3_provincijos" title="Jungtinės Nyderlandų provincijos – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jungtinės Nyderlandų provincijos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABderlandes_Republika" title="Nīderlandes Republika – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nīderlandes Republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Холандска Република – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Холандска Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="डच प्रजासत्ताक – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डच प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Belanda" title="Republik Belanda – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Belanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="هلند جمهوری – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هلند جمهوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_der_Zeuven_Veraenigde_Nederlaanden" title="Republiek der Zeuven Veraenigde Nederlaanden – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Republiek der Zeuven Veraenigde Nederlaanden" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_der_Zeven_Verenigde_Nederlanden" title="Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_sameinte_Nederlanda" title="Dei sameinte Nederlanda – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dei sameinte Nederlanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_forente_Nederlandene" title="De forente Nederlandene – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De forente Nederlandene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncias_Unidas" title="Províncias Unidas – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Províncias Unidas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Zjednoczonych_Prowincji" title="Republika Zjednoczonych Prowincji – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Republika Zjednoczonych Prowincji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_das_Sete_Prov%C3%ADncias_Unidas_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="República das Sete Províncias Unidas dos Países Baixos – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República das Sete Províncias Unidas dos Países Baixos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinciile_Unite" title="Provinciile Unite – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Provinciile Unite" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Республика Соединённых провинций – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Республика Соединённых провинций" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Република споеных Нидерландох – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Република споеных Нидерландох" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dutch Republic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemska_Republika" title="Nizozemska Republika – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nizozemska Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dutch Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_siedmich_spojen%C3%BDch_provinci%C3%AD" title="Republika siedmich spojených provincií – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Republika siedmich spojených provincií" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Nizozemska" title="Republika Nizozemska – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Republika Nizozemska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Низоземска република – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Низоземска република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiken_F%C3%B6renade_Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Republiken Förenade Nederländerna – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Republiken Förenade Nederländerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="இடச்சுக் குடியரசு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடச்சுக் குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C" title="สาธารณรัฐดัตช์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐดัตช์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Hollanda_Cumhuriyeti" title="Birleşik Hollanda Cumhuriyeti – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birleşik Hollanda Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%B1%27%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Республіка Об'єднаних провінцій Нідерландів – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Республіка Об'єднаних провінцій Нідерландів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blega_de_%C5%82e_Sete_Province_Unie" title="Repùblega de łe Sete Province Unie – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega de łe Sete Province Unie" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_H%C3%A0_Lan" title="Cộng hòa Hà Lan – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Hà Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_der_Zeevn_Verenigde_Provinci%C3%ABn" title="Republiek der Zeevn Verenigde Provinciën – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Republiek der Zeevn Verenigde Provinciën" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰共和国 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="荷兰共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ჰოლანდიაშ რესპუბლიკა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰოლანდიაშ რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭共和國 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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.ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">尼德蘭七省联合共和国</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span lang="nl">Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1581年-1795年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statenvlag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="尼德蘭七省联合共和国国旗"><img alt="尼德蘭七省联合共和国国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/125px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/188px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/250px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰国旗">国旗</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_republic_of_the_united_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="尼德蘭七省联合共和国国徽"><img alt="尼德蘭七省联合共和国国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Coat_of_arms_of_the_republic_of_the_united_Netherlands.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_republic_of_the_united_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Coat_of_arms_of_the_republic_of_the_united_Netherlands.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_republic_of_the_united_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Coat_of_arms_of_the_republic_of_the_united_Netherlands.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_republic_of_the_united_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%BD" title="荷蘭國徽"> 国徽</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><b>格言:</b><span lang="la"><i>Concordia res parvae crescunt</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>:团结让再细微的事都会茁壮)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style=""><b>国歌:</b><span lang="nl"><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E9%A2%82" title="威廉颂">Wilhelmus van Nassouwe</a></i></span><br /><small>《拿骚威廉颂》</small><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="126" data-mwtitle="Het_Wilhelmus_(first_recording_1899).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Het_Wilhelmus_%28first_recording_1899%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Het_Wilhelmus_%28first_recording_1899%29.ogg/Het_Wilhelmus_%28first_recording_1899%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHet_Wilhelmus_%28first_recording_1899%29.ogg&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands(nl)" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption>noicon</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_of_the_Seven_United_Netherlands_(1789).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1789年荷兰共和国的领土范围。"><img alt="1789年荷兰共和国的领土范围。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Republic_of_the_Seven_United_Netherlands_%281789%29.svg/250px-Republic_of_the_Seven_United_Netherlands_%281789%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Republic_of_the_Seven_United_Netherlands_%281789%29.svg/375px-Republic_of_the_Seven_United_Netherlands_%281789%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Republic_of_the_Seven_United_Netherlands_%281789%29.svg/500px-Republic_of_the_Seven_United_Netherlands_%281789%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">1789年荷兰共和国的领土范围。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">無<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a>(<a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">事實上</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">常用语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%BD%92%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰归正宗">荷兰归正宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">信義宗</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政府</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6" title="联邦制">联邦制</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="贵族民主制">贵族民主制</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81%E7%9D%A3" title="荷兰省督">执政</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1581–1584 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B0%E6%B2%BB)" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉一世 (奥兰治)">威廉一世</a>(首任)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1751–1795 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B0%E6%B2%BB)" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉五世 (奥兰治)">威廉五世</a>(末任)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="大議長">大議长</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1581–1585 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">保卢斯·布伊斯(首任)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1787–1795 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">劳伦斯·皮特(末任)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰国会">国会</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 国务院</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">国务院</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">历史时期</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="近代史">近代</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="荷兰独立宣言">荷兰独立宣言</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1581年7月26日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="法荷战争">法荷战争</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1672年–1678年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="英荷戰爭">英荷戰爭</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1780年–1784年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84_(1783%E5%B9%B4)" title="巴黎條約 (1783年)">巴黎条约</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1784年5月20日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭德斯戰役">法蘭德斯戰役</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1793年–1795年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 巴达维亚革命 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1795年1月18日</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">人口</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1795年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1880500<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">荷兰元</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>前身</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>继承</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bandera_cruz_de_Borgo%C3%B1a_2.svg/20px-Bandera_cruz_de_Borgo%C3%B1a_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bandera_cruz_de_Borgo%C3%B1a_2.svg/30px-Bandera_cruz_de_Borgo%C3%B1a_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bandera_cruz_de_Borgo%C3%B1a_2.svg/40px-Bandera_cruz_de_Borgo%C3%B1a_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="西属尼德兰">西属尼德兰</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="巴達維亞共和國">巴達維亞共和國</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">今属于</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷蘭</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="ib-country-fn">注:实际为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a>(政府所在地),或<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>(文化和经济中心,最大城市)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; clear:right; text-align:center; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:70%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="font-size:130%;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="低地国家">欧洲低地国家</a>的历史 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF9966; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古弗里斯人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Frisii"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古弗里斯人(页面不存在)">弗里斯人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisii" class="extiw" title="en:Frisii"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Frisii</span></a></span>)</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background:#996600; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%E4%BA%BA" title="贝尔盖人"><span style="color: white;">贝尔盖人</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF9966; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡纳内菲特人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cananefates"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E5%86%85%E8%8F%B2%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡纳内菲特人(页面不存在)">卡纳内<br />菲特人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cananefates" class="extiw" title="en:Cananefates"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cananefates</span></a></span>)</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沙马维人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chamavi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E9%A9%AC%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙马维人(页面不存在)">沙马维人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamavi" class="extiw" title="en:Chamavi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chamavi</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土班特人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tubantes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土班特人(页面不存在)">土班特人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubantes" class="extiw" title="en:Tubantes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tubantes</span></a></span>)</span></span> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/20px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/30px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/40px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7" title="比利時高盧">比利时高卢</a> <small>(前55年–约公元5世纪)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="下日耳曼尼亞">下日耳曼尼亚</a> <small>(公元83年–约公元5世纪)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF9966; border-top:none; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td> <td style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="撒利法兰克人"><span style="color: white;">撒利法兰克人</span></a> </td> <td style="background:#CC6633; -align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 1px 1px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="巴达维人">巴达维人</a> </td> <td style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; -align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td style="background:#CC99FF; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em">(无人定居)<br /><small>(约4世纪–5世纪)</small> </td> <td style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E4%BA%BA" title="撒克遜人"><span style="color: white;">撒克逊人</span></a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="撒利法兰克人">撒利法兰克人</a><br /><small>(约4世纪–5世纪)</small> </td> <td style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"> </td> <td style="background:#CC99FF; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="帕拉瓦王朝">帕拉瓦王朝</a><br /><small>(约6世纪–734年)</small> </td> <td style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰克王国">法兰克王国</a> <small>(481年–843年)</small>—<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="加洛林帝国">加洛林帝国</a> <small>(800–843年)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="奥斯特拉西亚">奥斯特拉西亚</a> <small>(511年–687年)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 1px"> </td> <td style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="中法兰克王国">中法兰克王国</a> <small>(843年–855年)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="西法蘭克王國">西<br />法兰克王国</a><br /><small>(843年–)</small> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="洛塔林吉亚">洛泰尔王国</a> <small>(855年–959年)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="下洛塔林吉亚公国">下洛塔林吉亚公国</a> <small>(959年–)</small> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="弗里西亞">弗里西亞</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Friesland_(kleine_wapen).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg/20px-Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg/30px-Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg/40px-Friesland_%28kleine_wapen%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="643" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="弗里西亚自由时期">弗里西亚<br />自由时期</a><br /><small>(11世纪–16<br />世纪)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg/20px-Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg/30px-Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg/40px-Wapen_graafschap_Holland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰伯国">荷兰<br />伯国</a><br /><small>(880年–<br />1432年)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png/20px-Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png/30px-Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png/40px-Utrecht_-_coat_of_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="494" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E9%87%87%E9%82%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA" title="乌得勒支采邑主教区">乌得勒支<br />主教区</a><br /><small>(695年–1456年)</small> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Arms_of_Belgium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Royal_Arms_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Royal_Arms_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Royal_Arms_of_Belgium.svg/30px-Royal_Arms_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Royal_Arms_of_Belgium.svg/40px-Royal_Arms_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="367" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="布拉班特公国">布拉班特<br />公国</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><small>(1183年–1430年)</small></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg/20px-Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg/30px-Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg/40px-Guelders-J%C3%BClich_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="海尔德公国">海尔德<br />公国</a><br /><small>(1046年–1543年)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Comt%C3%A9_de_Flandre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Blason_Comt%C3%A9_de_Flandre.svg/20px-Blason_Comt%C3%A9_de_Flandre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Blason_Comt%C3%A9_de_Flandre.svg/30px-Blason_Comt%C3%A9_de_Flandre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Blason_Comt%C3%A9_de_Flandre.svg/40px-Blason_Comt%C3%A9_de_Flandre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="佛兰德伯国">佛兰德<br />伯国</a><br /><small>(862年–<br />1384年)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg/20px-Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg/30px-Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg/40px-Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃诺伯国" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="County of Hainaut"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%AB%BE%E4%BC%AF%E5%9C%8B" title="埃諾伯國">埃诺<br />伯国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" class="extiw" title="en:County of Hainaut"><span lang="en" dir="auto">County of Hainaut</span></a></span>)</span></span><br /><small>(1071年–<br />1432年)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Namur.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Arms_of_Namur.svg/20px-Arms_of_Namur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Arms_of_Namur.svg/30px-Arms_of_Namur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Arms_of_Namur.svg/40px-Arms_of_Namur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="468" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E6%85%95%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="那慕尔伯国">那慕尔<br />伯国</a><br /><small>(981年–<br />1421年)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg/20px-Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg/30px-Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg/40px-Armoiries_Principaut%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%97%A5%E9%87%87%E9%82%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA" title="列日采邑主教区">列日<br />主教区</a><br /><br /><small><span class="nowrap">(980年–<br />1794年)</span></small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="卢森堡公国">卢森堡<br />公国</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><small>(1059年–<br />1443年)</small></span><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 1px 1px">  </td> <td colspan="6" style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="勃艮第尼德兰">勃艮第属尼德兰</a> <small>(1384年–1482年)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em; padding:0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"> </td> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 1px 1px"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background:#efcccb; border:solid 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="哈布斯堡尼德兰">哈布斯堡尼德兰</a> <small>(1482年–1795年)</small><br />(1543年后称<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E7%9C%81" title="十七省">十七省</a>) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px">  </td> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statenvlag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/20px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/30px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/40px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">尼德兰七省共和国</a><br /><small>(1581年–1795年)</small> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Low_Countries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="西屬尼德蘭">西属尼德兰</a><br /><small>(1556年–1714年)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px">  </td> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg/20px-Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg/30px-Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg/40px-Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="奥属尼德兰">奥属尼德兰</a><br /><small>(1714年–1795年)</small> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; border-width:0 1px 0 1px"> </td> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Brabantine_Revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD" title="比利时合众国">比利时合众国</a><br /><small>(1790年)</small> </td> <td style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LuikVlag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/LuikVlag.svg/20px-LuikVlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/LuikVlag.svg/30px-LuikVlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/LuikVlag.svg/40px-LuikVlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%97%A5%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="列日共和国">列日<br />共和国</a><br /><small>(1789年–<br />1791年)</small> </td> <td style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#efcccb; border:none; padding:0.25em 0.25em"> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em">  </td> <td style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_navy_of_the_Batavian_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="巴達維亞共和國">巴达维亚共和国</a><br /><small>(法国傀儡国,1795年–1806年)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1806%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941810%E5%B9%B4)" title="荷兰王国 (1806年—1810年)">荷兰王国(法)</a> <small><br />(法国傀儡国,1806年–1810年)</small> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width:1px 1px 0 0"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br />属<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第一共和国">法兰西第一共和国</a> <small>(1795年–1804年)</small><br />属<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第一帝国">法兰西第一帝国</a> <small>(1804年–1815年)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#c1cbf2; border-width: 0 0 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td> <td colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="聯合尼德蘭主權公國">联合尼德兰主权公国</a> <small>(1813年–1815年)</small> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0px 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭聯合王國">荷蘭聯合王國</a> <small>(1815年–1830年)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2#共主邦聯時期(1815~1890)" title="卢森堡历史">卢森堡<br />大公国</a><br /><small>(1815年–)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 1px"><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰王国</a> <small>(1839年–今)</small> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时王国</a> <small>(1830年–今)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 1px 1px"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 1px 1px"> </td> <td style="background:#caf5f7; padding:0.25em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡<br />大公国</a><br /><small>(1890年–今)<br />(完全独立)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" 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.sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 200%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="共和主义">共和主义</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 2.4em;">核心概念</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%9F%E9%99%A4%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="废除君主制(页面不存在)">反君主主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="自由">自由</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83" title="人民主权">人民主权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="共和制">共和制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%97%E4%BA%8B%E7%89%A9" title="公众事物">公众事物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%A5%91%E7%B4%84" title="社會契約">社會契約</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 2.4em;">流派</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古典共和主义(页面不存在)">古典</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联邦共和主义(页面不存在)">联邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E6%9C%AB%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="凱末爾主義">凯末尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%B3%BD%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="納賽爾主義">纳赛尔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新共和主义(页面不存在)">新</a></li> <li><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土耳其共和主义(页面不存在)">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="英国共和主义">英国</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏格兰共和主义(页面不存在)">苏格兰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国共和主义(页面不存在)">美国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="日本共和主義運動">日本</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 2.4em;">相关主题</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="社群主義">社群主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自由主义">自由主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="君主主義">君主主義</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治主题</a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Template:共和主义"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:共和主义(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:共和主义"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>尼德蘭七省联合共和國</b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>:<span lang="nl">De Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden</span>),通稱<b>聯省共和國</b>,史称<b>荷蘭共和國</b>,是1581年-1795年期間,在現在的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>北部地區(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="佛兰德">佛兰德</a>地區)所存在的一個國家,這段期間也是著名的“<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰黄金时代">荷兰黄金时代</a>”。其前身是1579年成立的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%89%B9%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="烏特列支同盟">烏特列支同盟</a>。1794年9月,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國軍事">法國軍隊</a>開始入侵荷蘭,荷蘭共和國滅亡。1795年1月,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西第一共和國">法蘭西第一共和國</a>在荷蘭共和國的領土上建立了一個名為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="巴達維亞共和國">巴達維亞共和國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="傀儡政權">傀儡政權</a>。 </p><p>尼德蘭七省共和國是當時除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯共和國">威尼斯共和國</a>之外,另一個稱為「共和國」的國家,七省在脫離西班牙王國獨立後仍維持自治傳統,並由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E8%98%AD%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="奧蘭治家族">奧蘭治家族</a>作為名義上的執政統治者,領導階層為貴族與各地商會所組成的聯省議會統治。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>直到16世紀之前,低地國家-包含今日的荷蘭、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>,由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>之下的荷蘭公國統治。 </p><p>大多數的低地國家被<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%B1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="勃艮第属尼德兰">勃艮第</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈布斯堡王朝">哈布斯堡家族</a>統治,公元1549年神聖羅馬帝國皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="查理五世 (神圣罗马帝国)">查理五世</a>大舉擴張權力以保證獨裁統治,於是七省聯合起兵反抗統治而爆發革命,查理之子是為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>國王<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99)" title="腓力二世 (西班牙)">腓利普二世</a>,延續其父高額稅率的政策以及中央集權的統治方式<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,終於<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="八十年戰爭">八十年戰爭</a>爆發。 </p><p>公元1579年尼德蘭北部七大<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="行省">行省</a>簽訂條約建立<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="乌得勒支同盟">烏特勒支同盟</a>,他們受到反西班牙勢力的軍隊支持,直到1581年尼德蘭和腓利普簽訂和約而獨立。翌年,七省邀請<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%8C%B9%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5" title="安茹公爵">安茹公爵</a>來領導他們,卻在公元1583年公爵奪取<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%89%B9%E8%A1%9B%E6%99%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="安特衛普">安特衛普</a>失敗後離開尼德蘭,在次年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="七月十日">七月十日</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E8%98%AD%E6%B2%BB-%E6%8B%BF%E9%A8%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="奧蘭治-拿騷王朝">奧倫治</a>家族的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B0%E6%B2%BB)" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉一世 (奥兰治)">沉默者威廉</a>被<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E6%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="暗殺">暗殺</a>後,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="亨利三世 (法兰西)">亨利三世</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="英格蘭王國">英格蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="伊丽莎白一世 (英格兰)">伊麗莎白一世</a>聯合進攻尼德蘭,然而在戰局未果之下,荷蘭和英國簽訂條約和解。 </p><p>1648年共和國才正式承認和法國為和平狀態,然而1672年,法國對<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="法荷战争">荷蘭展開大舉入侵</a>,結束了荷蘭的黃金時代。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>後,在1795年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="拿破仑一世">拿破崙</a>征服荷蘭建立起<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="傀儡政權">傀儡政權</a>,新的共和國成立-<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="巴達維亞共和國">巴達維亞共和國</a>。 </p><p>1813年荷蘭脫離<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="拿破仑一世">拿破崙</a>統治下再次獨立,在1814年英荷條約中,確立國號為「尼德蘭聯省共和國」以及「尼德蘭聯邦」,隔年共和國聯合奧屬尼德蘭(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="南尼德蘭">南尼德蘭</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%97%A5" title="列日">列日</a>組成<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭王國">荷蘭王國</a>,加強荷蘭的力量,為的是怕法國死灰復燃,隨後<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>就在法國的鼓動下獨立,而那時<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>在歐洲的本土大致就和今日的荷蘭差不多(再扣除<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>的面積)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經濟"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F"></span>經濟</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:經濟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>從經濟的角度聯省共和國往往都超乎預期,最大的成功因素可歸因於,其他國家不外乎是以神權統治或著是家族統治,這段期間也是著名的<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="荷蘭黃金時代">荷兰黄金时代</a></b>,荷蘭在國際貿易的歷史上居於主導的地位,成為荷蘭殖民帝國(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭帝國">荷兰帝国</a>)以及造出當時世界上最大的船艦,荷蘭也是當時世界上最富有以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="都市化">都市化</a>最高的地方。 </p><p>自由貿易的精神讓荷蘭國力大增,進而邁向現代化的發展,甚至在低地國家出現股票市場<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,荷蘭擁有史上最古老的股票交易所,公元1602年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰东印度公司">荷屬東印度公司</a>成立,最初成立於<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a>,之後股票交易所遷於<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>,當時銀行體系也在低地國家演變,他們和英國的註冊系統連接關係良好,無形之中卻刺激了英國經濟成長。 </p><p>在公元1590-1712年荷蘭征服了葡萄牙在印度以及東方的大部分勢力範圍,繼承該國殖民地的資產。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB"></span>政治</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:政治"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republiek_der_Zeven_Verenigde_Nederlanden_wapen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Republiek_der_Zeven_Verenigde_Nederlanden_wapen.svg/220px-Republiek_der_Zeven_Verenigde_Nederlanden_wapen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Republiek_der_Zeven_Verenigde_Nederlanden_wapen.svg/330px-Republiek_der_Zeven_Verenigde_Nederlanden_wapen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Republiek_der_Zeven_Verenigde_Nederlanden_wapen.svg/440px-Republiek_der_Zeven_Verenigde_Nederlanden_wapen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="1288" /></a><figcaption>代表荷兰共和国的徽章</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statenleeuw_wapen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Statenleeuw_wapen.svg/220px-Statenleeuw_wapen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Statenleeuw_wapen.svg/330px-Statenleeuw_wapen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Statenleeuw_wapen.svg/440px-Statenleeuw_wapen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>代表荷兰共和国的徽章</figcaption></figure> <p>共和國時代荷蘭是屬於七省所組成的邦聯,可以說他們的政府是相互獨立,各省都有自己的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="議會">議會</a>制度,起初只是各地領主的協商會議,隨著之後城市經濟力量提升而要求派出代表,在宗教改革期間議會中教士的代表被城市代表所取代。一般而言每個省份設置單獨的宗教會議(澤蘭省除外)、議會代表、高等法院、五位海軍上將以及各省獨立的財政系統。各省<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF" title="大议长">大議長</a>負責處理議事流程。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>按照官方顺序,共和国的省份如下: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="海尔德公国">海尔德公国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰伯国">荷兰伯国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="泽兰伯国">泽兰伯国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="乌德勒支领地">乌德勒支领地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="上艾瑟尔领地">上艾瑟尔领地</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗里斯兰领地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lordship of Frisia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗里斯兰领地(页面不存在)">弗里斯兰领地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordship_of_Frisia" class="extiw" title="en:Lordship of Frisia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lordship of Frisia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%B9%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="格罗宁根领地">格罗宁根领地</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥默兰登" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ommelanden"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E9%BB%98%E5%85%B0%E7%99%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥默兰登(页面不存在)">奥默兰登</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ommelanden" class="extiw" title="en:Ommelanden"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ommelanden</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ol> <p>事實上有八個省分——<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%80%AB%E7%89%B9%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="德倫特省">德倫特省</a>也是一個省分,但是該地實在太過貧窮因而獲得免除向邦聯政府繳納稅款,所以可以推論他們是有國家議會是有代表的,平時每個省份自我管理,各省主要的自治首長(並非正式的政治領袖)即为省议会的主持人,稱做「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF" title="大议长">大议长</a>」。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="威斯特伐利亞和約">威斯特伐利亞和約</a>簽訂後,聯省共和國的疆界大致確立,確立組成分子邦(<i>Generaliteitslanden</i>)統治的地位,分子邦大致上有以下幾個:布拉班特邦(今日的北布拉班特省)、弗蘭德邦(今日的澤蘭省-佛蘭德省)、林堡邦(今日<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9" title="马斯特里赫特">馬斯垂克</a>)、高蘭登邦(今日芬洛,在公元1715年成立)。 </p><p>之後各省籌組<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" title="荷蘭國會">聯省議會</a></b>做為中央的機關,正式成為一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6" title="联邦制">聯邦</a>國家,議會會址設於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a>,每一個省在議會中都只有一票的投票權,主要議事項目有講和、條約、軍事以及稅收等事務,另外也負責共和國應該奉行的對外政策。而聯省的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF" title="大议长">大議長</a>除了負責會議的議事流程,也負責與各行政部門交流訊息,在共和國成立之初決定設立外交單位,但隨著時間的推移大議長成為反對派的領袖。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>另外議會也控制<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰东印度公司">東印度公司</a>(VOC)和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰西印度公司">西印度公司</a>(WIC),凡是任何出航等相關事宜都需要各省的同意,當中荷蘭省以及澤蘭省的決定權限最大。 </p><p>共和國中除了各省議會以及聯省議會還有第三個權力單位-<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81%E7%9D%A3" title="荷兰省督">執政</a></b>。由於該職位並未明確規定其權力範圍,使的共和國事物變得更加複雜,執政原先是奉國王<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%95%E4%BB%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="敕令">敕令</a>派駐此地的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="行政長官">行政長官</a>,隨著各省不再對國王效忠後,執政一職的地位變得更加模糊,但因為各省議會的制度並不成熟,因此執政一職被保留用以處理政務,戰時还負責统一指揮軍隊。然而在如此權力不明的狀態下,執政的權力可以無限上綱,後來執政比大議長還要更有權力,经常作为共和国的实际最高领导人。(在无执政时代,则是大议长为国家元首)之後的議會為了避免大權旁落,有些省分共設一位執政而有些甚至不設置此一職務。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>理論上各省<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81%E7%9D%A3" title="荷兰省督">執政</a>是由該省所屬的各級機關自由任命,但是在奧蘭治家族掌權之後,一切改觀,從威廉一世開始就幾乎總是被多數省選為執政,特別是澤蘭省、烏特勒支省和荷蘭省常會任命同一位執政。在共和派(即<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰联省党" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dutch States Party"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%81%94%E7%9C%81%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰联省党(页面不存在)">荷兰联省党</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_States_Party" class="extiw" title="en:Dutch States Party"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dutch States Party</span></a></span>)</span></span>)和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奧蘭治派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Orangism (Dutch Republic)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E8%98%AD%E6%B2%BB%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧蘭治派(页面不存在)">奧蘭治派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangism_(Dutch_Republic)" class="extiw" title="en:Orangism (Dutch Republic)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Orangism (Dutch Republic)</span></a></span>)</span></span>之間一直有相互較勁的鬥爭存在,有的權勢家族支持奧蘭治親王以及執政體系;有的權勢家族支持各省議會,並希望以「真正的共和體制」取代半世襲的執政體制。 </p><p>而各個城市的管理由執政指派人選,市長、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1%E5%AE%88" class="mw-redirect" title="郡守">郡守</a>、城市委員會委員等官員均由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81%E7%9D%A3" title="荷兰省督">執政</a>選任,通常執政會指派當地大家族的人選出任,久而久之城市的管理者也成為一個階級,他們甚至彼此通婚不讓外人加入管理體系,進而形成一個緊密的利益團體,而這些管理者家族被稱為「攝政」;1650年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="荷兰君主列表">奧蘭治親王</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B0%E6%B2%BB)" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉二世 (奥兰治)">威廉二世</a>過世後留下未成年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B0%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%B2%E7%8E%8B%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="奥兰治亲王威廉三世">威廉三世</a>,導致共和國內22年中沒有<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81%E7%9D%A3" title="荷兰省督">執政</a>,各省議會趁機奪取執政的權力,而城市也趁機脫離省議會的控制以爭取自治,城市委員會委員由攝政選任成員。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="憲政體制"><span id=".E6.86.B2.E6.94.BF.E9.AB.94.E5.88.B6"></span>憲政體制</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:憲政體制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>之後的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="美國憲法">美國憲法</a>深受荷蘭共和國的憲法所影響<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,依據<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="荷兰独立宣言">誓絕法案</a>也就是聯省共和國實質上的獨立宣言,跟之後美國的獨立宣言如出一轍<sup id="cite_ref-UWM06291998_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UWM06291998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。大議長處理國會議事程序、交流行政部門訊息以及處理外交事務的任務,正與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%89%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="美國副總統">美國副總統</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%BF" title="美国国务卿">國務卿</a>的職責精神相符。儘管有諸多證據指出荷蘭共和國憲政影響<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%96%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%83%E5%8B%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國開國元勛">美國開國元勛</a>訂立的這些立國原則,然而這些理論卻並非普世認可。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="軍事"><span id=".E8.BB.8D.E4.BA.8B"></span>軍事</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:軍事"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在公元1639年,荷蘭在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%8A%E5%9C%B0%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" title="泊地海戰">泊地海戰</a>後取代<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西班牙帝國">西班牙帝國</a>成為海軍霸權。1678年,荷蘭艦隊因在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="法荷战争">法荷战争</a>中被法國海軍反覆打擊,被迫讓出海軍霸權地位給法國。 </p><p>然而共和國卻遲到17世紀中葉才開始組建常備軍,為了進行普遍<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B5%E5%85%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="徵兵">徵兵</a>的工作必須先行人口普查,而上次進行普查卻是早在烏特列支同盟時,也因此常備軍從成立到17世紀都未建立,畢竟在當時<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B1%E5%82%AD%E5%85%B5" title="僱傭兵">僱傭兵</a>顯得便宜又方便,而這些傭兵直接聽命於執政調遣,而中間管理的軍官大多出身於貴族,執政也擁有軍官的人事權,這些現象都導致<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81%E7%9D%A3" title="荷兰省督">執政</a>遠比議會在軍隊受歡迎。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>除了聯省會議的常備軍以外,共和國在各個城鎮還有志願民兵組成的武裝力量,負責城市的巡邏以及維持危機時的秩序,其成員出身於市民,自備武器,需介紹人與市民身份才能進入,當時入民兵團被視為有身份的象徵。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>共和國成立後宗教事務的處理由聯省議會所決定。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>公元1579年1月20日<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="乌得勒支同盟">烏特列支同盟</a>中決定<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭省">荷蘭省</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="澤蘭省">澤蘭省</a>的居民享有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="信仰自由">信仰自由</a>,當時每個省或多或少都有宗教的問題,雖然聯盟表示人人都有宗教自由,沒有人會因其信仰而被起訴<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,奧蘭治家族的威廉一世之所以在政治上擁有強大的支持,很大一部份在於他相當支持宗教自由,他甚至希望舊教(天主教)和新教能夠團結成立一個新的教會。天主教的組織,很快就被各省解散,改成<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>後的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">归正宗</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Israels_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israels-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>由於對新教十分的友善,歐洲其他地區信奉<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>的宗教難民湧入共和國內。<sup id="cite_ref-Israels_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israels-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 共和國最初的幾年因為喀爾文宗出現相當大的爭議,而爭議的主題是關於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%90%E9%81%B8%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="預選說">預選說</a>教義,最出名的事件就是荷兰喀爾文宗于1618年发动政变,召开<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="多特會議">多特会议</a>,而後<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="加爾文主義">喀爾文主義</a>者实施对<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="阿民念主义">阿民念主义</a>者的迫害和限制。 </p><p>在共和國時代任何人想進入政府服務,就必須在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%BD%92%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰归正宗">荷兰教會</a>宣示,當時天主教徒成了教會的敵人,在十七世紀的萊頓,倘若任命舊教信徒,則會被罰款一百荷蘭盾(相當一個商人一年的收入)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,這可以看出人身以及宗教仍然不是那麼的開放, </p><p>在18世纪初情勢有所改變,從原本或多或少的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="宗教迫害">宗教迫害</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" title="國教">國教</a>政策,喀爾文宗以外的其他教派只能在暗中進行儀式,也沒有教堂可去<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="禮拜">禮拜</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="衰落"><span id=".E8.A1.B0.E8.90.BD"></span>衰落</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:衰落"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthonie_Heinsius.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Anthonie_Heinsius.JPG/200px-Anthonie_Heinsius.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Anthonie_Heinsius.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="荷蘭黃金時代">荷蘭黃金時代</a>末期的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF" title="大议长">大議長</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="安东尼·海因斯">安東尼·海因斯</a>。18世紀頭二十年的荷蘭領袖,是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%8D%E7%B9%BC%E6%89%BF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="西班牙王位繼承戰爭">西班牙王位繼承戰爭</a>的靈魂人物,任期內見證聯省共和國最後的輝煌與衰落</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>在荷蘭社會中兩大因素的相抗,一邊是共和派(<i>Staatsgezinden</i>)以及另一邊的支持奧蘭治家族的執政派,削弱了國家團結的力量,在17世纪中葉也就是「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第一次无执政时期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="First Stadtholderless Period"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%97%A0%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一次无执政时期(页面不存在)">第一次无执政时期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Stadtholderless_Period" class="extiw" title="en:First Stadtholderless Period"><span lang="en" dir="auto">First Stadtholderless Period</span></a></span>)</span></span>」(1650-1672年),<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF" title="大议长">大议长</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9" title="约翰·德·维特">约翰·德·维特</a>為首的共和派長期大權在握,一直到1672年「<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%BD%E9%9B%A3%E5%B9%B4" title="災難年">災難年</a>」爆發(英法聯手欲消滅共和國),共和派政權垮台,德·维特也被暴民殺死(1672年8月)。緊接著,奧蘭治家族的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)" title="威廉三世 (英格兰)">威廉三世</a>(1689年當上英王)出任<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81%E7%9D%A3" title="荷兰省督">執政</a>,這代表經過二十二年的無執政期,奧蘭治家族終於重獲權力。當時他面對著<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="法荷戰爭">法荷戰爭</a>(同時發生了第三次<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="英荷戰爭">英荷戰爭</a>)的嚴峻情勢,最後他成功地擊退滅荷聯盟(法國、英國以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="明斯特">明斯特</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86%E9%81%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%9C%8B" title="科隆選侯國">科隆大主教</a>都聯盟圍攻荷蘭)並光復荷蘭國土。</li> <li>在1688年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%A6%AE%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="光榮革命">光榮革命</a>之後,英荷兩國聯合起來遏止<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>擴張的戰爭。儘管1673年後的大規模戰爭都不是發生在荷蘭自己的領土上,然而共和國卻因此背負鉅額的債務。這意味著為了對抗<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>的陸權,必須把主要開支花在維持龐大的陸軍,同時減少海軍的支出,削弱荷蘭對<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>的海權競爭力。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)" title="威廉三世 (英格兰)">威廉三世</a>於1702年過世後,「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次无执政时期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second Stadtholderless Period"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%97%A0%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次无执政时期(页面不存在)">第二次无执政时期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Stadtholderless_Period" class="extiw" title="en:Second Stadtholderless Period"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second Stadtholderless Period</span></a></span>)</span></span>」(1702-1747年)開始,荷蘭人的愛國心日漸消退。當1713年<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%8D%E7%B9%BC%E6%89%BF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="西班牙王位繼承戰爭">西班牙王位繼承戰爭</a>結束時,荷蘭為了降低財政負負擔而大幅裁撤海陸軍,更象徵荷蘭結束了她的軍事<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="強權">強權</a>,蛻變為純粹的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D" title="金融">金融</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E6%AC%8A" title="霸權">霸權</a>。</li> <li>17世紀三次的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="英荷戰爭">英荷戰爭</a>以及各國<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%95%86%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="重商主義">重商主義</a>的崛起,對荷蘭的船運以及商務都造成負面影響;18世紀激烈的貿易以及殖民競爭(特別是英國),直接導致了國家的經濟停滯,因此在1780-1784年的第四次<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="英荷戰爭">英荷戰爭</a>慘敗給英國。</li> <li>1694年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭銀行">英格蘭銀行</a>的成立,造成荷蘭和法國在1694-1713年相互競爭領土勢力時,荷蘭人的資金卻源源不絕流入<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="倫敦">倫敦</a>。這是因為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>提供了避免戰禍的可靠保護,進而使歐洲的金融中心在18世紀後期易主:從荷蘭的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>,轉移到<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="倫敦">倫敦</a>。當共和國在1795年被法國消滅時,荷蘭將近兩百年的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D" title="金融">金融</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E6%AC%8A" title="霸權">霸權</a>也同時消失了。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In full <i>Concordia res parvae crescunt, discordia maximae dilabuntur</i>. Hubert de Vries, <i>Wapens van de Nederlanden. De historische ontwikkeling van de heraldische symbolen van Nederland, België, hun provincies en Luxemburg</i>. Uitgeverij Jan Mets, Amsterdam, 1995, p. 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.populstat.info/Europe/netherlc.htm">Demographics of the Netherlands</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111226211443/http://www.populstat.info/Europe/netherlc.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>), Jan Lahmeyer. Retrieved on 10 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111226211443/http://www.populstat.info/Europe/netherlc.htm">The NETHERLANDS : country population</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-08</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.populstat.info/Europe/netherlc.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2011-12-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=The+NETHERLANDS+%3A+country+population&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.populstat.info%2FEurope%2Fnetherlc.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">已忽略未知参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-state=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#parameter_ignored" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pieter Geyl, <i>History of the Dutch-Speaking Peoples, 1555-1648</i>. Phoenix Press, 2001, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arrighi, G.,(2002), <i>The Long Twentieth Century</i>,(London, New York: Verso), p.47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">荷蘭共和國興衰史,房龍著,河北教育出版社,2002年7月初版初刷,P10-14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">荷蘭共和國興衰史,房龍著,河北教育出版社,2002年7月初版初刷,P12,14,15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">荷蘭共和國興衰史,房龍著,河北教育出版社,2002年7月初版初刷,P13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">荷蘭共和國興衰史,房龍著,河北教育出版社,2002年7月初版初刷,P15-17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Alexander Hamilton, James Madison. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext91/feder16.txt">Federalist Papers no. 20</a>. 1787-12-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-01-15</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080706033719/http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext91/feder16.txt">存档</a>于2008-07-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=Alexander+Hamilton%2C+James+Madison&rft.btitle=Federalist+Papers+no.+20&rft.date=1787-12-11&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fdirs%2Fetext91%2Ffeder16.txt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UWM06291998-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UWM06291998_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Barbara Wolff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.wisc.edu/3049">Was Declaration of Independence inspired by Dutch?</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison(页面不存在)">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a>. 1998-06-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-12-14</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213022057/http://www.news.wisc.edu/3049">存档</a>于2007-12-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&rft.atitle=Was+Declaration+of+Independence+inspired+by+Dutch%3F&rft.au=Barbara+Wolff&rft.date=1998-06-29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.wisc.edu%2F3049&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">荷蘭共和國興衰史,房龍著,河北教育出版社,2002年7月初版初刷,P18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">荷蘭共和國興衰史,房龍著,河北教育出版社,2002年7月初版初刷,P18-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">荷蘭共和國興衰史,房龍著,河北教育出版社,2002年7月初版初刷,P12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://nl.wikisource.org/wiki/Unie_van_Utrecht">http://nl.wikisource.org/wiki/Unie_van_Utrecht</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110723212902/http://nl.wikisource.org/wiki/Unie_van_Utrecht">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) Text of Union of Utrecht</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Israels-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Israels_16-0"><sup><b>16.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israels_16-1"><sup><b>16.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Israël, J.I. The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477-1806 Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van Maanen, Leiden, De Geschiedenis van een Hollandse Stad, 1574-1795, Stichitng Geschiedschrijving Leiden, 2003</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Israël, J.I. <i>The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477-1806</i> Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995</li> <li>Reynolds, Clark G. <i>Navies in History</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1998</li> <li>Schama, Simon <i>The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age.</i> New York: Random House USA, 1988</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="荷蘭歷史">荷蘭歷史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="乌得勒支同盟">乌得勒支同盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="巴達維亞共和國">巴達維亞共和國</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="八十年戰爭">八十年戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="荷蘭黃金時代">荷蘭黃金時代</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="荷兰主题" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:荷兰主题"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template talk:荷兰主题"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:荷兰主题"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="荷兰主题" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>主题</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰王国">荷兰王国</a>的一部分</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="荷蘭歷史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">古代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼部落</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="羅馬統治荷蘭時代">罗马时代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B7%E5%BE%99" title="民族大遷徙">欧洲民族大迁徙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中世紀</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰克王国">法兰克领域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="中法兰克王国">中法兰克王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="勃艮第尼德兰">勃艮第尼德兰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">哈布斯堡時期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="哈布斯堡尼德兰">哈布斯堡尼德兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E7%9C%81" title="十七省">十七省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="西屬尼德蘭">西屬尼德蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="八十年戰爭">八十年戰爭</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">共和國時期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">七省共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="荷蘭黃金時代">黄金时代</a></li> <li>對外戰爭 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="英荷戰爭">英荷戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="法荷战争">法荷战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="大同盟戰爭">大同盟戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%8D%E7%B9%BC%E6%89%BF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="西班牙王位繼承戰爭">西班牙王位繼承戰爭</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">法治時期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="巴達維亞革命">巴達維亞革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="巴達維亞共和國">巴達維亞共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1806%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941810%E5%B9%B4)" title="荷兰王国 (1806年—1810年)">波拿巴王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第一帝国">法兰西第一帝国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">近現代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="聯合尼德蘭主權公國">主权公国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭聯合王國">联合王国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B" title="比利時獨立">比利時獨立</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰历史 (1900年至今)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Netherlands (1900–present)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2_(1900%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B3%E4%BB%8A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰历史 (1900年至今)(页面不存在)">1900年至今的荷兰历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands_(1900%E2%80%93present)" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Netherlands (1900–present)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Netherlands (1900–present)</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" title="第二次世界大戰中的荷蘭">第二次世界大战</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="荷蘭地理">地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD5%E8%90%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="荷蘭5萬人口以上城市列表">城市</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰防洪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flood control in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰防洪(页面不存在)">防洪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Flood control in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flood control in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰岛屿列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of islands of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰岛屿列表(页面不存在)">岛屿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of islands of the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰湖泊列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of lakes of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰湖泊列表(页面不存在)">湖泊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:List of lakes of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of lakes of the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰山丘列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of mountains and hills in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰山丘列表(页面不存在)">山丘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:List of mountains and hills in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of mountains and hills in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰火山列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of volcanoes in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰火山列表(页面不存在)">火山</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:List of volcanoes in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of volcanoes in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="水利委員會">水利委員會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="荷兰政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" title="荷蘭省份">行政区划</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="荷兰市镇列表">自治市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81%E7%B4%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="荷蘭省級政治">省</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二任吕特内阁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second Rutte cabinet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%BB%E5%90%95%E7%89%B9%E5%86%85%E9%98%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二任吕特内阁(页面不存在)">现任内阁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Rutte_cabinet" class="extiw" title="en:Second Rutte cabinet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second Rutte cabinet</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="荷兰王国宪法">宪法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰选举" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Elections in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰选举(页面不存在)">选举</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Elections in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Elections in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰外交关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰外交关系(页面不存在)">外交关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign relations of the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰人权" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Human rights in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰人权(页面不存在)">人权</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Human rights in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Human rights in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%ADLGBT%E6%AC%8A%E7%9B%8A" title="荷蘭LGBT權益">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰法律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Law of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰法律(页面不存在)">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Law of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Law of the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰执法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Law enforcement in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%89%A7%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰执法(页面不存在)">执法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Law enforcement in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Law enforcement in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰君主制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Monarchy of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰君主制(页面不存在)">君主</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Monarchy of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Monarchy of the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" title="荷蘭國會">国会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%80%E9%99%A2" title="國會一院">一院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E4%BA%8C%E9%99%A2" title="國會二院">二院</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="荷蘭政黨列表">政党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="荷兰首相">首相</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" title="荷蘭軍隊">军队</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="荷兰经济">经济</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="AEX指数" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="AEX index"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AEX%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AEX指数(页面不存在)">AEX指数</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEX_index" class="extiw" title="en:AEX index"><span lang="en" dir="auto">AEX index</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="荷兰中央银行">中央银行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰能源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰能源(页面不存在)">能源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Energy in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="泛歐交易所">泛歐交易所</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="干拓模式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polder model"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B2%E6%8B%93%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="干拓模式(页面不存在)">干拓模式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polder_model" class="extiw" title="en:Polder model"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polder model</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰税收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Taxation in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%A8%8E%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰税收(页面不存在)">税收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Taxation in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Taxation in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰电信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telecommunications in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰电信(页面不存在)">电信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Telecommunications in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telecommunications in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%A7%80%E5%85%89" title="荷蘭觀光">旅游</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰工会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trade unions in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%A5%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰工会(页面不存在)">工会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Trade unions in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trade unions in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="荷蘭交通">交通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%97%85" title="荷兰病">荷兰病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%B1%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99%E7%8B%82%E7%86%B1" title="鬱金香狂熱">鬱金香狂熱</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="Category:荷蘭社會">社会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="荷蘭人口">人口</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰毒品政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drug policy of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%AF%92%E5%93%81%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰毒品政策(页面不存在)">毒品政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Drug policy of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drug policy of the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="荷蘭人口">移民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="荷蘭教育">教育</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰医疗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Healthcare in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰医疗(页面不存在)">医疗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Healthcare in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Healthcare in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰语言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Languages of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰语言(页面不存在)">语言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Languages of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Languages of the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="荷兰文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>国歌 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E9%A2%82" title="威廉颂">威廉颂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%80%E8%84%89" title="尼德兰人的血脉">尼德兰人的血脉</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰建筑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Architecture of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰建筑(页面不存在)">建筑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Architecture of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Architecture of the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%BD" title="荷蘭國徽">国徽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="荷蘭飲食">烹饪</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰传统和礼节" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dutch customs and etiquette"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BC%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰传统和礼节(页面不存在)">传统和礼节</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_customs_and_etiquette" class="extiw" title="en:Dutch customs and etiquette"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dutch customs and etiquette</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" title="荷蘭國旗">国旗</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰媒体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰媒体(页面不存在)">媒体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Media of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media of the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰音乐" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Music of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰音乐(页面不存在)">音乐</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Music of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Music of the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼德兰 (名称)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Netherlands (toponymy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0_(%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼德兰 (名称)(页面不存在)">名称</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_(toponymy)" class="extiw" title="en:Netherlands (toponymy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Netherlands (toponymy)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰公共节日" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Public holidays in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%8A%82%E6%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰公共节日(页面不存在)">公共节日</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Public holidays in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Public holidays in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religion in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰宗教(页面不存在)">宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Religion in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religion in the Netherlands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB" title="荷蘭黃金時代繪畫">藝術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2" title="荷蘭體育">体育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="Category:荷兰">分类</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="Portal:荷兰">主题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=&#124;class=notpageimage_神聖羅馬帝國勃艮第行政圈_(1512–1797)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%88" title="Template:勃艮第行政圈"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:勃艮第行政圈(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%88" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:勃艮第行政圈"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=&#124;class=notpageimage_神聖羅馬帝國勃艮第行政圈_(1512–1797)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/22px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/33px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/44px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神聖羅馬帝國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%88" title="勃艮第行政圈">勃艮第行政圈</a> (1512–1797)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><div style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="哈布斯堡尼德兰">哈布斯堡尼德兰</a>的<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E7%9C%81" title="十七省">十七省</a></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1581年脱离</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德伦特伯国" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="County of Drenthe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%A6%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德伦特伯国(页面不存在)">德伦特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Drenthe" class="extiw" title="en:County of Drenthe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">County of Drenthe</span></a></span>)</span></span> <small>(1548年起)</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗里斯兰领地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lordship of Frisia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗里斯兰领地(页面不存在)">弗里斯兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordship_of_Frisia" class="extiw" title="en:Lordship of Frisia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lordship of Frisia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%B9%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="格罗宁根领地">格罗宁根</a> <small>(1548年起)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="海尔德公国">海尔德</a> (<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="费吕沃区" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Veluwe Quarter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B9%E5%90%95%E6%B2%83%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="费吕沃区(页面不存在)">费吕沃区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veluwe_Quarter" class="extiw" title="en:Veluwe Quarter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Veluwe Quarter</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奈梅亨区" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nijmegen Quarter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%88%E6%A2%85%E4%BA%A8%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奈梅亨区(页面不存在)">奈梅亨区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijmegen_Quarter" class="extiw" title="en:Nijmegen Quarter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nijmegen Quarter</span></a></span>)</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聚特芬伯国" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="County of Zutphen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%9A%E7%89%B9%E8%8A%AC%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聚特芬伯国(页面不存在)">聚特芬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Zutphen" class="extiw" title="en:County of Zutphen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">County of Zutphen</span></a></span>)</span></span>) <small>(1548年起)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰伯国">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="上艾瑟尔领地">上艾瑟尔</a> <small>(1548年起)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="乌德勒支领地">乌德勒支</a> <small>(1548年起)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="泽兰伯国">泽兰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">留在帝国内</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%9C%96%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%AF%E5%9C%8B" title="阿圖瓦伯國">阿图瓦</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="布拉班特公国">布拉班特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="佛兰德伯国">佛兰德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="海尔德公国">海尔德</a> (<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="上海尔德" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Upper Guelders"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上海尔德(页面不存在)">上海尔德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Guelders" class="extiw" title="en:Upper Guelders"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Upper Guelders</span></a></span>)</span></span>) <small>(1548年起)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%AB%BE%E4%BC%AF%E5%9C%8B" title="埃諾伯國">埃诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="林堡公國">林堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="卢森堡公国">卢森堡</a> <small>(1548年起)</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梅赫伦领地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lordship of Mechelen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%A6%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅赫伦领地(页面不存在)">梅赫伦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordship_of_Mechelen" class="extiw" title="en:Lordship of Mechelen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lordship of Mechelen</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E6%85%95%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="那慕尔伯国">那慕尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left:0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="神圣罗马帝国的勃艮第圈的地图"><img alt="神圣罗马帝国的勃艮第圈的地图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg/120px-Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg/180px-Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg/240px-Locator_Burgundian_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">伯国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="勃艮第伯国">勃艮第</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="帝国自由城市">自由城市</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贝桑松自由市" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Free Imperial City of Besançon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E6%A1%91%E6%9D%BE%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝桑松自由市(页面不存在)">贝桑松</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Besan%C3%A7on" class="extiw" title="en:Free Imperial City of Besançon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Free Imperial City of Besançon</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">附属领土</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安特卫普藩侯国" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Margraviate of Antwerp"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%AB%E6%99%AE%E8%97%A9%E4%BE%AF%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安特卫普藩侯国(页面不存在)">安特卫普</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margraviate_of_Antwerp" class="extiw" title="en:Margraviate of Antwerp"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Margraviate of Antwerp</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%BE%BE" title="布雷达">布雷达</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.3em 0 0.2em;"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E7%BA%A6" title="威斯特伐利亚和约">至1648年</a>;<span class="nowrap">   </span> <sup><small>2</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E7%89%9B%E6%96%AF%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="比利牛斯條約">至1659年</a>;<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>3</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E6%A2%85%E4%BA%A8%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="奈梅亨条约">至1678年</a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170072#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170072#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170072#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137255514">VIAF</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155946218">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124974432">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124974432">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Republik der Sieben Vereinigten Provinzen"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5245326-1">德国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007393269305171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81032306">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36376909">澳大利亚</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17744727?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/19274562X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐68db4b6789‐pwb8x Cached time: 20241126032954 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.125 seconds Real time usage: 1.412 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7665/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 308750/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 43289/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 30/100 Expensive parser function count: 58/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 55031/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.630/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 26783447/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1126.796 1 -total 41.53% 467.940 5 Template:Infobox 39.35% 443.362 1 Template:Infobox_Former_Country 23.58% 265.674 8 Template:Navbox 14.58% 164.276 1 Template:荷兰主题 14.30% 161.180 1 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