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« Expérience utilisateur » : différence entre les versions — Wikipédia
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class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Visuel</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert"></span></a></span><span class="oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget oo-ui-buttonElement-active"><a role="button" tabindex="0" rel="nofollow" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-wikiText oo-ui-image-invert"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Wikicode</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert"></span></a></span></span> </div> </div> <table class="diff diff-type-inline diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <colgroup> <col class="diff-marker"> <col class="diff-content"> <col class="diff-marker"> <col class="diff-content"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr class="diff-title" lang="fr"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"> <div id="mw-diff-otitle1"> <strong><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&oldid=192663948&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expérience utilisateur">Version du 7 avril 2022 à 12:16</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&action=edit&oldid=192663948&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expérience utilisateur">modifier</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2022-04-07T11:16:02Z"></span></strong> </div> <div id="mw-diff-otitle2"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utilisateur:Simans9093?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-userlink" title="Utilisateur:Simans9093" data-mw-revid="192663948"><bdi>Simans9093</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discussion_utilisateur:Simans9093?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Discussion utilisateur:Simans9093">discuter</a> | <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Contributions/Simans9093?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Spécial:Contributions/Simans9093">contributions</a>)</span> <div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"> <div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div> <div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"> <span>45 508</span> modifications </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <abbr class="minoredit" title="Cette modification est mineure.">m</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Correction syntaxique : règles relatives aux appels de note et à la ponctuation (cas des guillemets). La référence est placée avant le point final et le guillemet fermant</span> </div> <div id="mw-diff-otitle5"> <span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Balises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Balises">Balise</a> : <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-visualeditor"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89diteurVisuel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Éditeur visuel</a></span></span> </div> <div id="mw-diff-otitle4"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&diff=prev&oldid=192663948&diffonly=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expérience utilisateur" id="differences-prevlink">← Modification précédente</a> </div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"> <div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"> <strong><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&oldid=192664122&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expérience utilisateur">Version du 7 avril 2022 à 12:22</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&action=edit&oldid=192664122&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expérience utilisateur">modifier</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2022-04-07T11:22:37Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&action=edit&undoafter=192663948&undo=192664122&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="« Annuler » rétablit la modification précédente et ouvre la fenêtre de modification en mode prévisualisation. Il est possible d’ajouter une raison dans le résumé.">annuler</a></span></strong> </div> <div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utilisateur:Simans9093?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-userlink" title="Utilisateur:Simans9093" data-mw-revid="192664122"><bdi>Simans9093</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discussion_utilisateur:Simans9093?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Discussion utilisateur:Simans9093">discuter</a> | <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Contributions/Simans9093?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Spécial:Contributions/Simans9093">contributions</a>)</span> <div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"> <div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div> <div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"> <span>45 508</span> modifications </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <abbr class="minoredit" title="Cette modification est mineure.">m</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Relecture : corrections mineures</span> </div> <div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"> <span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Balises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Balises">Balise</a> : <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-visualeditor"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89diteurVisuel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Éditeur visuel</a></span></span> </div> <div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&diff=next&oldid=192664122&diffonly=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expérience utilisateur" id="differences-nextlink">Modification suivante →</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"> <div class="mw-diff-inline-header"> Ligne 14 : </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> Popularisée dans les années 2000, l'UX a été abordée de diverses manières et de nombreuses définitions ont été suggérées, sans donner lieu à un réel consensus<ref name="Barcenilla" />. Cette absence de consensus a été soulignée par Barcenilla et Bastien, de l'[[Université de Metz]] : </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-changed"> {{citation bloc|La notion d’expérience utilisateur peut être envisagée dans un premier temps comme un cadre intégrateur, inclusif et holistique des différentes composantes relatives à l’interaction utilisateur/produit qui constituent autant de variables permettant de rendre compte de l’expérience subjective de l’utilisateur. Cependant, il n’y a pas une approche « expérience de l’utilisateur » mais des approches, étant donné la diversité de points de vue disciplinaires, méthodologiques et conceptuels sur le sujet. Il est donc difficile de trouver un consensus permettant d’arriver à une définition unique de ce qu’on peut entendre par « expérience de l’utilisateur <ins title="Contenu ajouté"></ins>»<ref name="Barcenilla" />.}} </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-changed"> Une première définition a été proposée par Lauralee Alben en 1996, pour qui l'UX regroupe {{Citation|tous les aspects liés à la manière dont les gens utilisent un produit interactif : la sensation du produit dans leurs mains, la compréhension de son fonctionnement, le ressenti durant l’usage, l’accomplissement de leurs buts mais également son adéquation avec le contexte global dans lequel ils l’utilisent<ref>{{Article |langue=en |prénom1=Lauralee|nom1=Alben |titre=Quality of experience: defining the criteria for effective interaction design|périodique=interactions|volume=3|numéro=3|date=1996-05-01|issn=1072-5520|doi=10.1145/235008.235010|lire en ligne=https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/235008.235010 |consulté le=2019-01-05 |pages=11–15}}.</ref>.}} En 2003, Arhippainen et Tähti proposent de définir l'UX comme le {{Citation|résultat de l'interaction de cinq catégories de facteurs : sociaux, culturels, ceux liés aux caractéristiques de l'utilisateur, ceux liés au contexte et ceux liés aux caractéristiques du produit<ref>{{en}}L. Archippainen et M. Tähti, « Empirical evaluation of user experience in two adaptative mobile application prototypes », ''Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia'' (MUM), Norrköping, Sweden, 2003.</ref>.}} Cette définition suggère la prise en considération du contexte et de la motivation du sujet. Semblablement, en 2006, Hassenzahl et Tractinsky définissent l'UX comme {{Citation|la conséquence de l'état interne de l'utilisateur (prédispositions, attentes, besoins, motivations, humeur{{etc.}}), des caractéristiques du système ( <del title="Contenu supprimé">par</del> <ins title="Contenu ajouté">exemple</ins> <del title="Contenu supprimé">ex.</del> <ins title="Contenu ajouté">:</ins> complexité, objectif, utilisabilité, fonctionnalité{{etc.}}) et du contexte (ou environnement) dans lequel ont lieu les interactions<ref name=":1">{{Article|langue=anglais|auteur1=M. Hassenzahl|auteur2=N. Tractinsky|titre=User experience - a research agenda|périodique=Behavior & Information Technology|volume=25|date=2006|issn=|lire en ligne=|pages=91-97}}.</ref>.}} Mahlke identifie lui trois dimensions à l'UX : la perception des qualités instrumentales (utilisabilité) ; la perception des qualités non instrumentales (esthétique, valeur véhiculées, facteurs motivationnels{{etc.}}) ; et les réactions émotionnelles (sentiments subjectifs, expressions motrices et comportementales, réactions physiologiques, évaluation cognitives{{etc.}})<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en |auteur1=S. Mahlke|titre=User experience of interaction with technical system |passage=<!-- Pages ? --> |lieu=Saarbrücken |éditeur=VDM|date=2008|pages totales=|isbn=|lire en ligne=}}.</ref>{{refinc|date=avril 2021}}. </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> La littérature plus récente souligne que les interactions personne-système dépendent de deux composantes : une composante non expérientielle, qui se rattache à la fonction utilitaire, et une composante expérientielle, qui renvoie au ressenti et aux réponses cognitives et émotionnelles de la situation d’interaction. Ces deux interactions dépendent des conditions cognitives et sociales de la situation dans laquelle intervient l’UX. Cette double articulation implique par conséquent des champs théoriques relevant de l’ergonomie cognitive et d’autres liés à la psychologie sociale<ref>{{Article |prénom1=Alexandra |nom1=Nemery |prénom2=Eric |nom2=Brangier |prénom3=Steve |nom3=Kopp |titre=Proposition d'une grille de critères d'analyse ergonomiques des formes de persuasion interactive |périodique=Conférence internationale francophone sur l'interaction homme-machine (IHM '10) |éditeur=ACM Press |date=09/2010 |pages=153-156 |isbn=9781450304108 |doi=10.1145/1941007.1941034 |lire en ligne=https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1941007.1941034 |consulté le=2019-01-07}}.</ref>. </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-header"> Ligne 27 : </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> === Le modèle d’Hassenzahl : de la perspective du concepteur à la perspective de l’utilisateur === </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-changed"> Le modèle d’Hassenzahl (2003) souligne la différence prépondérante existant entre la perspective du concepteur et la perspective de l’utilisateur. <del title="Contenu supprimé"></del> Le concepteur, ou le producteur <del title="Contenu supprimé"></del> par son degré d’expertise ou ses connaissances va élaborer les dispositifs sans pouvoir se projeter objectivement à la place de l’utilisateur. Son jugement et a fortiori sa production peut être biaisée par ses propres représentations. Le concepteur choisit et combine des éléments (contenu, graphisme, design, fonctionnalités, modalités d’interaction) pour donner au produit un caractère particulier. Cependant, celui-ci est subjectif et traduit seulement l’intention du [[concepteur]]. Il n’est pas assuré que l’utilisateur perçoive et apprécie le produit de la manière souhaitée. C’est justement l’étude UX qui va garantir l’adéquation entre les points de vue du concepteur et de l’utilisateur<ref name="Lallemand">{{Ouvrage|langue=Français|auteur1=Lallemand & al|titre=Méthodes de design UX: 30 méthodes fondamentales pour concevoir et évaluer les systèmes interactifs|passage=|lieu=FR|éditeur=Éditions Eyrolles.|date=2015|pages totales=|isbn=|lire en ligne=}}</ref>. (Lallemand, Gronier, 2015). </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> === Le modèle de Mahlke : un cadre d’analyse global === </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-changed"> Ce modèle propose d’intégrer les différents aspects de l’expérience de l’utilisateur qu’on retrouve éparpillés dans la littérature, en les étayant par des données expérimentales. En effet partant d’une revue de littérature et de résultats de recherches [[Empirisme|empiriques]] Malke <del title="Contenu supprimé"></del> propose un cadre <del title="Contenu supprimé"></del> d’analyse plus global qui intègre la plupart des composantes de l’expérience utilisateur que l’on trouve dans les différentes approches<ref>{{Article|langue=Anglais|auteur1=Thüring, M., & Mahlke, S.|titre=Usability, aesthetics and emotions in human–technology interaction|périodique=International Journal of Psychology|date=2007|issn=|lire en ligne=|pages=42(4), 253-264.}}</ref> (Thuring et Mahlke, 2007 ; Malke, 2008) , notamment de deux <del title="Contenu supprimé"></del> dimensions caractéristiques : la perception des qualités instrumentales qui correspondent à l’utilité perçue et à la notion d’utilisabilité (dimension1) et la perception des qualités non instrumentales comme l’esthétique, les <del title="Contenu supprimé"></del> facteurs motivation réels <del title="Contenu supprimé"></del> (dimension2) <del title="Contenu supprimé"></del>. Cependant le modèle se distingue par une troisième dimension (dimension 3) soulignant le rôle des [[Émotion|émotions]] en tant que fonction médiatrice entre les caractéristiques perçues d’un système et les conséquences de son usage. </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-changed"> Les caractéristiques de l’utilisateur et les paramètres du contexte ont une influence sur les [[Interactions homme-machine|interactions]] entre les trois dimensions de l’expérience utilisateur évoquées plus haut, ainsi que sur les conséquences de l’expérience de l’utilisateur (jugements et comportements). Les qualités instrumentales et non instrumentales sont perçues par les utilisateurs comme étant indépendantes, bien que les réactions émotionnelles soient influencées par ces deux catégories de facteurs. Bien que cela ne soit pas mentionné de manière explicite, ce modèle intègre également des composantes des approches dites de l’ acceptabilité <del title="Contenu supprimé"></del> qui se sont développées, indépendamment des approches de l’utilisabilité, plutôt dans une perspective [[Épistémologie|épistémologique]] socio-cognitiviste<ref>{{Article|langue=Français|auteur1=Barcenilla, J., & Bastien, J.M|titre=L'acceptabilité des nouvelles technologies : quelles relations avec l'ergonomie, l'utilisabilité et l'expérience utilisateur ?|périodique=Le Travail Humain|date=2009|issn=|lire en ligne=|pages=72 (4), 311-331.}}</ref> <ins title="Contenu ajouté"></ins>(Barcenilla, Bastien 2009) </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-changed"> === Le modèle de Karapanos : la <del title="Contenu supprimé"></del> temporalité comme quatrième dimension de l’UX === </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> Les modèles ci-dessus ne font pas état de la dimension temporelle de l’activité. Si l’expérience en temps réel vécue par un sujet pendant l’interaction avec un système est généralement considérée comme le cœur de l’UX, {{Style à revoir|il semble important de se préoccuper|date=avril 2021}} des différentes étapes chronologiques du cours d’action dans lequel le sujet est inscrit. Aux trois composantes classiques que sont le système, l’utilisateur et le contexte, Lallemand proposent en 2015 d’inclure la dimension temporelle<ref name="Lallemand" />. En effet, les attentes et les cognitions d’un utilisateur peuvent être reliées aux étapes antérieures, alors que le comportement final attendu est lié à des étapes ultérieures. La prise en considération des phases temporelles de l’UX a fait l’objet de travaux de recherche notamment via le cadre d’analyse de E. Karapanos, qui propose d’aborder l’expérience utilisateur de la phase d’anticipation (attentes de l’utilisateur) jusqu’à une phase à plus long terme d’attachement émotionnel<ref>{{Article |langue=en |auteur1=Karapanos, E. |auteur2=Zimmerman, J. |auteur3=Forlizzi, J. |auteur4=Martens, J. B. |titre=User experience over time: an initial framework |périodique=Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems|date=2009|issn=|lire en ligne=https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1518814 |pages=729-738}}.</ref>. </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> [[Fichier:Geoffrey-crofte-experience-utilisateur-globale-temporelle-@2x.png|alt=Avant l'utilisation ou la réutilisation, l'utilisateur en a un souvenir ou un a priori fourni par l'aspect social (ses amis) ; pendant, il s'agit de l'utilisation de l'interface ; et après, il s'agit du souvenir que vous conserverez de son utilisation, et le partage que vous en ferez.|vignette|Une expérience utilisateur globale incluant la temporalité et le souvenir, proposée par Geoffrey Crofte<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |prénom=Quentin |nom=Kuntzmann |titre=La place de la Psychologie dans le Design UX |url=https://medium.com/design-ux-francophone/place-psychologie-design-ux-beeb62351cb0 |site=Medium |date=2021-02-26 |consulté le=2021-04-01}}.</ref>.]] </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-header"> Ligne 69 : </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> == Concepts voisins == </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-changed"> L'[[interface utilisateur]] est un concept voisin mais différent de l'expérience utilisateur. <del title="Contenu supprimé"></del> En effet, l'interface utilisateur est pour l'utilisateur le moyen d'interagir avec un produit informatique, alors que l'expérience utilisateur est le résultat de cette interaction. Une analogie illustrant cette différence est celle de la cuillère (interface) et du bol de céréales (produit), l'expérience utilisateur étant ce que l'utilisateur éprouve lorsqu'il mange les céréales avec la cuillère<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|nom1=Platt, David S.,|titre=The Joy of UX|sous-titre=User Experience and Interactive Design for Developers|éditeur=|année=2016|pages totales=240|passage=3|isbn=978-0-13-427780-6|isbn2=0134277805|oclc=949043596|lire en ligne=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/949043596|consulté le=2019-10-09}}.</ref>. </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> </div> <div class="mw-diff-inline-context"> == Notes et références == </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur">https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expérience_utilisateur</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"></ul> <p>Cette page n’est pas disponible dans les autres langues.</p> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; 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