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id="toc-Post_mortem_Eduardi_IV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emancipatio_democratica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emancipatio_democratica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Emancipatio democratica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emancipatio_democratica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_externi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_externi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nexus externi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_externi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bella Rosarum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose-oorlo%C3%AB" title="Rose-oorloë – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rose-oorloë" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="حرب الوردتين – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب الوردتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="حروب الوردتين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حروب الوردتين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_les_Dos_Roses" title="Guerra de les Dos Roses – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guerra de les Dos Roses" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_v%C9%99_a%C4%9F_q%C4%B1z%C4%B1lg%C3%BCl_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="Al və ağ qızılgül müharibələri – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Al və ağ qızılgül müharibələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84_%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%BA_%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آل قیزیل گول و آغ قیزیل گول ساواش‌لاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آل قیزیل گول و آغ قیزیل گول ساواش‌لاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%90%D2%A1_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Ал һәм Аҡ раузалар һуғышы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ал һәм Аҡ раузалар һуғышы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B" title="Вайна пунсовай і белай ружы – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вайна пунсовай і белай ружы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B" title="Вайна Пунсовай і Белай ружы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вайна Пунсовай і Белай ружы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Война на розите – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Война на розите" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezel_an_Div_Rozenn" title="Brezel an Div Rozenn – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brezel an Div Rozenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratovi_dviju_ru%C5%BEa" title="Ratovi dviju ruža – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ratovi dviju ruža" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_les_Dues_Roses" title="Guerra de les Dues Roses – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra de les Dues Roses" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lky_r%C5%AF%C5%BE%C3%AD" title="Války růží – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Války růží" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%C4%83%D0%BC_%D0%A5%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%95_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83_%D0%9A%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%C3%A7%D0%B8" title="Йăм Хĕрлĕ тата Шурă Кĕлчечексен вăрçи – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йăм Хĕрлĕ тата Шурă Кĕлчечексен вăрçи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyfeloedd_y_Rhosynnau" title="Rhyfeloedd y Rhosynnau – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyfeloedd y Rhosynnau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosekrigene" title="Rosekrigene – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rosekrigene" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenkriege" title="Rosenkriege – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rosenkriege" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%B4%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Πόλεμος των Ρόδων – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόλεμος των Ρόδων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wars of the Roses" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militoj_de_rozoj" title="Militoj de rozoj – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Militoj de rozoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_las_Dos_Rosas" title="Guerra de las Dos Rosas – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra de las Dos Rosas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooside_s%C3%B5da" title="Rooside sõda – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rooside sõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi_Arrosen_Gerra" title="Bi Arrosen Gerra – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bi Arrosen Gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7" title="جنگ رزها – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ رزها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusujen_sota" title="Ruusujen sota – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruusujen sota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_des_Deux-Roses" title="Guerre des Deux-Roses – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre des Deux-Roses" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogadh_na_R%C3%B3sanna" title="Cogadh na Rósanna – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cogadh na Rósanna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_das_D%C3%BAas_Rosas" title="Guerra das Dúas Rosas – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Guerra das Dúas Rosas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מלחמות השושנים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמות השושנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="गुलाबों का युद्ध – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुलाबों का युद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratovi_dviju_ru%C5%BEa" title="Ratovi dviju ruža – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ratovi dviju ruža" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3zs%C3%A1k_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BAja" title="Rózsák háborúja – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rózsák háborúja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D6%87_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Սպիտակ և կարմիր վարդերի պատերազմ – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպիտակ և կարմիր վարդերի պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_del_duo_Rosas" title="Guerra del duo Rosas – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Guerra del duo Rosas" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Mawar" title="Perang Mawar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Mawar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milito_di_la_du_Rozi" title="Milito di la du Rozi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Milito di la du Rozi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3sastr%C3%AD%C3%B0in" title="Rósastríðin – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rósastríðin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_delle_due_rose" title="Guerra delle due rose – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra delle due rose" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%94%E8%96%87%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="薔薇戦争 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="薔薇戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ვარდების ომი – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვარდების ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%90%D2%9B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Алқызыл мен Ақ раушан соғысы – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алқызыл мен Ақ раушан соғысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%AF%B8_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="장미 전쟁 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장미 전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_li_Do_R%C5%93se" title="Guerra de li Do Rœse – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Guerra de li Do Rœse" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%BEi%C5%B3_karai" title="Rožių karai – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rožių karai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkan%C4%81s_un_Balt%C4%81s_rozes_kar%C5%A1" title="Sarkanās un Baltās rozes karš – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sarkanās un Baltās rozes karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Војна на розите – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Војна на розите" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Bunga_Mawar" title="Perang Bunga Mawar – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Bunga Mawar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozenoorlogen" title="Rozenoorlogen – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rozenoorlogen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosekrigane" title="Rosekrigane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rosekrigane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosekrigene" title="Rosekrigene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rosekrigene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_las_Doas_R%C3%B2sas" title="Guèrra de las Doas Ròsas – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guèrra de las Doas Ròsas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_Dw%C3%B3ch_R%C3%B3%C5%BC" title="Wojna Dwóch Róż – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wojna Dwóch Róż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%DB%90" title="د ګلابونو جګړې – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ګلابونو جګړې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_das_Rosas" title="Guerra das Rosas – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra das Rosas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_celor_Dou%C4%83_Roze" title="Războiul celor Două Roze – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Războiul celor Două Roze" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Война Алой и Белой розы – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Война Алой и Белой розы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratovi_dviju_ru%C5%BEa" title="Ratovi dviju ruža – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ratovi dviju ruža" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wars of the Roses" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojna_ru%C5%BE%C3%AD" title="Vojna ruží – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vojna ruží" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojna_dveh_ro%C5%BE" title="Vojna dveh rož – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vojna dveh rož" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luft%C3%ABrat_e_Tr%C3%ABndafilave" title="Luftërat e Trëndafilave – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Luftërat e Trëndafilave" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Ратови ружа – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ратови ружа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosornas_krig" title="Rosornas krig – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rosornas krig" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="ரோசாப்பூப் போர்கள் – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரோசாப்பூப் போர்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A" title="สงครามดอกกุหลาบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามดอกกุหลาบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCller_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Güller Savaşı – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güller Savaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%87%D3%99%D1%87%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Ак һәм Ал гөлчәчәге сугышы – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ак һәм Ал гөлчәчәге сугышы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Війна Червоної та Білої троянд – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Війна Червоної та Білої троянд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="جنگ گلاباں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنگ گلاباں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qizil_va_oq_gullar_urushi" title="Qizil va oq gullar urushi – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qizil va oq gullar urushi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_Hoa_H%E1%BB%93ng" title="Chiến tranh Hoa Hồng – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh Hoa Hồng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="玫瑰战争 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="玫瑰战争" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="玫瑰战争 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="玫瑰战争" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="玫瑰戰爭 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="玫瑰戰爭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%C3%BB%E2%81%BF-b%C3%AE_Chi%C3%A0n-cheng" title="Chhiûⁿ-bî Chiàn-cheng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhiûⁿ-bî Chiàn-cheng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="玫瑰戰爭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="玫瑰戰爭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q127751#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bella_Rosarum" title="Videre paginam [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Res</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Bella_Rosarum" rel="discussion" title="Disputatio de hac pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Disputatio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td style="padding: .7em 1em .7em .55em;"> <p><b>Suadetur ut haec commentatio ad "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Factio_albae_et_rubrae_rosae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Factio albae et rubrae rosae (non est haec pagina)">Factio albae et rubrae rosae</a>" <a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Movere" title="Vicipaedia:Movere">moveatur</a>.</b> </p><p>Sententiam tuam, quaesumus, profer in <a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Bella_Rosarum" title="Disputatio:Bella Rosarum">pagina disputationis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin: 0; border: 1px dashed #d2d4d8; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: both; border-radius: .25em; background-color: rgba(0, 32, 255, .01666); padding: 0 .25em;"><div style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; background-color: rgba(0, 32, 255, .01666); padding: .1em; text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:English_language.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="English language"><img alt="English language" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/English_language.svg/24px-English_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/English_language.svg/36px-English_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/English_language.svg/48px-English_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>English language</figcaption></figure> English</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="padding: 0 .5em;"> <p>It is proposed to move this page to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Factio_albae_et_rubrae_rosae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Factio albae et rubrae rosae (non est haec pagina)">Factio albae et rubrae rosae</a>. Please give your opinion on the <a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Bella_Rosarum" title="Disputatio:Bella Rosarum">talk page</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin: 0; border: 1px dashed #d2d4d8; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: both; border-radius: .25em; background-color: rgba(0, 32, 255, .01666); padding: 0 .25em;"><div style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; background-color: rgba(0, 32, 255, .01666); padding: .1em; text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:German-Language-Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deutsch"><img alt="Deutsch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/German-Language-Flag.svg/24px-German-Language-Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/German-Language-Flag.svg/36px-German-Language-Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/German-Language-Flag.svg/48px-German-Language-Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Deutsch</figcaption></figure> Deutsch</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="padding: 0 .5em;"> <p>Es wurde vorgeschlagen, diese Seite nach <a href="/w/index.php?title=Factio_albae_et_rubrae_rosae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Factio albae et rubrae rosae (non est haec pagina)">Factio albae et rubrae rosae</a> zu verschieben. Um Stellungnahme auf der <a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Bella_Rosarum" title="Disputatio:Bella Rosarum">Diskussionsseite</a> wird gebeten. </p> </div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin: 0; border: 1px dashed #d2d4d8; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: both; border-radius: .25em; background-color: rgba(0, 32, 255, .01666); padding: 0 .25em;"><div style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; background-color: rgba(0, 32, 255, .01666); padding: .1em; text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Esperanto.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esperanto"><img alt="Esperanto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/24px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/36px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Esperanto.svg/48px-Flag_of_Esperanto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Esperanto</figcaption></figure> Esperanto</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="padding: 0 .5em;"> <p>Rekomendatas la movo de tiu ĉi paĝo al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Factio_albae_et_rubrae_rosae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Factio albae et rubrae rosae (non est haec pagina)">Factio albae et rubrae rosae</a>. Vi estas petata komenti prie en la <a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Bella_Rosarum" title="Disputatio:Bella Rosarum">diskutejo</a>. </p> </div></div> <div style="text-align: center; margin: 1em auto; padding: 0 2em;"><span style="padding: 1em; border: 5px #ffc107 double; border-radius: 12px; display: inline-block;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Icons8_flat_expired.svg/30px-Icons8_flat_expired.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Icons8_flat_expired.svg/45px-Icons8_flat_expired.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Icons8_flat_expired.svg/60px-Icons8_flat_expired.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> Haec formula ({{<a href="/wiki/Formula:Movenda" title="Formula:Movenda">Movenda</a>}}) plus quam 30 dies sine recensionibus in pagina mansit.</span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Plucking_the_Red_and_White_Roses,_by_Henry_Payne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Plucking_the_Red_and_White_Roses%2C_by_Henry_Payne.jpg/260px-Plucking_the_Red_and_White_Roses%2C_by_Henry_Payne.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Plucking_the_Red_and_White_Roses%2C_by_Henry_Payne.jpg/390px-Plucking_the_Red_and_White_Roses%2C_by_Henry_Payne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Plucking_the_Red_and_White_Roses%2C_by_Henry_Payne.jpg/520px-Plucking_the_Red_and_White_Roses%2C_by_Henry_Payne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="1011" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosae_Rubrae_et_Albae_in_Hortis_Templi_Veteris_Carptae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosae Rubrae et Albae in Hortis Templi Veteris Carptae (non est haec pagina)">Rosae Rubrae et Albae in Hortis Templi Veteris Carptae</a>,</i> <a href="/wiki/Impressio" title="Impressio">impressio</a> ex <a href="/wiki/Pictura" title="Pictura">pictura</a> ab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henricus_Payne_(artifex)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henricus Payne (artifex) (non est haec pagina)">Henrico Payne</a> anno <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> picta, scaenam in <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_part_I" title="Henry VI part I">Henry VI part I</a>,</i> <a href="/wiki/Ludus_scaenicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludus scaenicus">ludo</a> <a href="/wiki/Shakesperius" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakesperius">Shakespearii</a>, pingit, ubi fautores factionum aemularum <a href="/wiki/Rosa" title="Rosa">rosas</a> aut <a href="/wiki/Ruber" title="Ruber">rubras</a> aut <a href="/wiki/Albus" title="Albus">albas</a> carpiunt.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Factio albae et rubrae rosae</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sive <b>Eboracensium et Lancastrensium</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fuit <a href="/wiki/Bellum_civile" title="Bellum civile">bellum civile</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglicum</a> ab anno <a href="/wiki/1455" title="1455">1455</a> usque in <a href="/wiki/1487" title="1487">1487</a> gestum inter duos domus regnatricis <a href="/wiki/Plantagenistae" title="Plantagenistae">Plantagenistae</a> ramos, videlicet <a href="/wiki/Eboracum_(domus_regnatrix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eboracum (domus regnatrix)">Eboracenses</a>, quorum insigne <a href="/wiki/Rosa" title="Rosa">rosa</a> <a href="/wiki/Albus" title="Albus">alba</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Lancastria_(domus_regnatrix)" title="Lancastria (domus regnatrix)">Lancastrenses</a>, quorum rosa <a href="/wiki/Ruber" title="Ruber">rubra</a> erat. Unde <a href="/wiki/Anglice" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglice">Anglice</a> compendiose <i>Wars of the Roses</i> scilicet "Bella Rosarum" nuncupantur.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Henry4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Henry4.JPG/110px-Henry4.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Henry4.JPG/165px-Henry4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Henry4.JPG/220px-Henry4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1465" data-file-height="1579" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henricus_IV_(rex_Angliae)" title="Henricus IV (rex Angliae)">Henricus IV</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Henry5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Henry5.JPG/110px-Henry5.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Henry5.JPG/165px-Henry5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Henry5.JPG/220px-Henry5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="2256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henricus_V" class="mw-disambig" title="Henricus V">Henricus V</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cum rectio <a href="/wiki/Henricus_VI_(rex_Angliae)" title="Henricus VI (rex Angliae)">Henrici VI</a> <a href="/wiki/Rex" title="Rex">regis</a> multis non placeret, <a href="/wiki/Ricardus_Plantagenista_(dux_Eboracensis)" title="Ricardus Plantagenista (dux Eboracensis)">Ricardus Plantagenista (dux Eboracensis)</a> familiaris regius seditionem incohatus est anno <a href="/wiki/1452" title="1452">1452</a>. Rixae istae inter domos <a href="/wiki/Lancastria_(domus_regnatrix)" title="Lancastria (domus regnatrix)">Lancastriae</a> et <a href="/wiki/Eboracum_(domus_regnatrix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eboracum (domus regnatrix)">Eboraci</a> secundum insignia etiam querelae rosarum nuncupantur. <a href="/wiki/Bellum" title="Bellum">Bellum</a> autem in <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francos</a>, ubi Angli tantummodo <a href="/wiki/Calesium" title="Calesium">Calesium</a> obtinebant, sine pace terminatum est. Post litigationes minores die <a href="/wiki/21_Maii" title="21 Maii">21 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/1455" title="1455">1455</a>, proelium ad <a href="/wiki/Villa_Sancti_Albani" title="Villa Sancti Albani">Villam Sancti Albani</a> inter Richardum et regem commissum est. Ibi Henricus captus est et Edmundus Beaufort dux Somerset mortem obiit. Denique regi generose anno <a href="/wiki/1456" title="1456">1456</a> potentia politica reddita est. Novae inimicitiae autem anno <a href="/wiki/1459" title="1459">1459</a> ortae sunt, et copiae regiae die <a href="/wiki/12_Octobris" title="12 Octobris">12 Octobris</a> <a href="/wiki/1459" title="1459">1459</a> apud Ludlow in <a href="/wiki/Salopiensis_comitatus" title="Salopiensis comitatus">Salopiensi comitatu</a> victoriam pepererunt. Sectator Richardi quidam, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_IV.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard IV. (non est haec pagina)">dux Warwick</a> Calesium confugit unde cum amicis ad Angliam rursus appulit et exercitum regium apud <a href="/wiki/Northamptonia" title="Northamptonia">Northamptoniam</a> superavit. Iterum rex captivus factus est et Eboracenses coram publico declararunt se thronum Anglicum aspirare. Parlamentum igitur die <a href="/wiki/25_Octobris" title="25 Octobris">25 Octobris</a> <a href="/wiki/1460" title="1460">1460</a> concilium cepit successorem Henrici VI Eboracensem fore. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Westall_MargaretAnjou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Westall_MargaretAnjou.jpg/150px-Westall_MargaretAnjou.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Westall_MargaretAnjou.jpg/225px-Westall_MargaretAnjou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Westall_MargaretAnjou.jpg/300px-Westall_MargaretAnjou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1221" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Margareta_Andegavensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Margareta Andegavensis">Margareta Andegavensis</a> et Eduardus filius esurientes.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Henry_at_Towton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Henry_at_Towton.jpg/220px-Henry_at_Towton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Henry_at_Towton.jpg/330px-Henry_at_Towton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Henry_at_Towton.jpg/440px-Henry_at_Towton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Henricus VI apud Towton</figcaption></figure> <p>Regina <a href="/wiki/Margarita_Andegavensis" title="Margarita Andegavensis">Margarita Andegavensis</a> pugnas pergens die <a href="/wiki/30_Decembris" title="30 Decembris">30 Decembris</a> <a href="/wiki/1460" title="1460">1460</a> apud <a href="/wiki/Wakefield" title="Wakefield">Wakefield</a> victoria splendida gavisa est. Ricardus captus decollatus est. <a href="/wiki/Ius" title="Ius">Iura</a> eius transierunt ad heredem Eduardum, qui revera die <a href="/wiki/2_Martii" title="2 Martii">2 Martii</a> <a href="/wiki/1461" title="1461">1461</a> rex proclamatus est. Qui Margaritam die <a href="/wiki/28_Martii" title="28 Martii">28 Martii</a> <a href="/wiki/1461" title="1461">1461</a> apud Towton in <a href="/wiki/Isuria" title="Isuria">Isuria</a> vicit, quae in Franciam iit antequam mense Octobri 1462 reveniret. Inde nova fuga necessaria fuit. </p><p>Tentamen ultimum regis Henrici reinstallandi pugnis apud Hedgley Moor in <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> et <a href="/wiki/Hagastaldunum" title="Hagastaldunum">Hagastalduni</a> ad irritum ductum est. Brevi post Henricus VI rex captus et usque annum <a href="/wiki/1470" title="1470">1470</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carcer" title="Carcer">carcerem</a> <a href="/wiki/Turris_Londinii" title="Turris Londinii">Turris Londinii</a> coniectus est. Eduardus, qui libenter in plebe fulciebatur, anno <a href="/wiki/1465" title="1465">1465</a> in matrimonium duxit <a href="/wiki/Elisabetha_Woodville" title="Elisabetha Woodville">Elisabetham Woodville</a>, Ioannis Grey viduam. Elisabethanorum familiarium favor invidiam apud familiam Neville genuit, qua origine etiam Richard Neville baro Warwick XVI atque Eduardi consiliarius. Neville indignans anno <a href="/wiki/1469" title="1469">1469</a> Franciam adire coactus est, ubi in Margaritam placabatur et cum militibus mercennariis in Angliam revenit atque anno <a href="/wiki/1470" title="1470">1470</a> Henrico thronum reddere potuit. Eduardus in <a href="/wiki/Batavia" class="mw-disambig" title="Batavia">Bataviam</a> profugit, unde cum auxiliis <a href="/wiki/Burgundia" class="mw-disambig" title="Burgundia">Burgundiensibus</a> patriam reingressus est. Ad <a href="/wiki/Barnetum_(burgus)" title="Barnetum (burgus)">Barnetum</a> die <a href="/wiki/14_Aprilis" title="14 Aprilis">14 Aprilis</a> <a href="/wiki/1471" title="1471">1471</a> vicit, quo proelio Warwick vita defunctus est. Henricus iterum captus est, et Margareta in Angliam reversa <a href="/wiki/Theoci_Curia" title="Theoci Curia">Theoci Curiae</a> die <a href="/wiki/4_Maii" title="4 Maii">4 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/1471" title="1471">1471</a> superata est; cum filio capta est, qui statim clavis necatus est. Tunc Eduardus in asseclas rosae rubrae nimium saeviebat; Henricus die <a href="/wiki/21_Maii" title="21 Maii">21 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/1471" title="1471">1471</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carcer" title="Carcer">carcere</a> Londiniensi mortuus est. Sunt qui dicant Eduardi IV fratrem regem Henricum interfecisse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post_mortem_Eduardi_IV">Post mortem Eduardi IV</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Post mortem Eduardi IV" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Post mortem Eduardi IV"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:King_Henry_VI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/King_Henry_VI.jpg/110px-King_Henry_VI.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/King_Henry_VI.jpg/165px-King_Henry_VI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/King_Henry_VI.jpg/220px-King_Henry_VI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2979" data-file-height="3857" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henricus_VI_(rex_Angliae)" title="Henricus VI (rex Angliae)">Henricus VI</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg/110px-EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg/165px-EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg/220px-EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="772" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eduardus_IV_(rex_Angliae)" title="Eduardus IV (rex Angliae)">Eduardus IV</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Eduardo IV mortuo Richardus <a href="/wiki/Glevum" title="Glevum">Glevensis</a> principem <a href="/wiki/Cambria" title="Cambria">Cambriae</a> annos XII natum regem Eduardum V proclamans se ipsum regni protectorem fecit. Hinc filium Eduardi IV alterum, ducem Richardum Eboracensem annos IX natum, cepit et fratri in Turri Londiniensi degenti associavit. Postquam reginae Elisabethae amicos interfecit, connubium eius cum Eduardo IV et infantium postulationes politicas haud legitima esse declaravit. Die <a href="/wiki/26_Augusti" title="26 Augusti">26 Augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/1483" title="1483">1483</a> ipse proclamatus est rex <a href="/wiki/Ricardus_III_(rex_Angliae)" title="Ricardus III (rex Angliae)">Ricardus III</a>; barbarus iste principes iuvenes aestate sive autumno 1483 necari iussit. Terrore regimen suum duxit usque seditionem ducis Buckinghamiensis, qui olim usurpationem fovebat. Dux die <a href="/wiki/2_Novembris" title="2 Novembris">2 Novembris</a> <a href="/wiki/1483" title="1483">eiusdem anni</a> decollatus est. <a href="/wiki/Aestas" title="Aestas">Aestate</a> anni <a href="/wiki/1485" title="1485">1485</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henricus_VII_(rex_Angliae)" title="Henricus VII (rex Angliae)">Henricus Tudor comes Richmond</a> Angliam petivit ubi die <a href="/wiki/22_Augusti" title="22 Augusti">22 Augusti</a> apud Bosworth in <a href="/wiki/Leicestriensis_comitatus" title="Leicestriensis comitatus">Leicestriensi comitatu</a> Richardum vicit. Qui a militibus desertus fortiter in acie mortuus est. Itaque querelae longae inter Rosas finitae sunt et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Domus_Tudor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domus Tudor (non est haec pagina)">Domus Tudor</a> in Anglia regere coepit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emancipatio_democratica">Emancipatio democratica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Emancipatio democratica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Emancipatio democratica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg/110px-King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg/165px-King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg/220px-King_Richard_III_from_NPG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3443" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ricardus_III_(rex_Angliae)" title="Ricardus III (rex Angliae)">Ricardus III</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Henry7England.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Henry7England.jpg/110px-Henry7England.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Henry7England.jpg/165px-Henry7England.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Henry7England.jpg/220px-Henry7England.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henricus_VII_(rex_Angliae)" title="Henricus VII (rex Angliae)">Henricus VII</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>Quamvis parlamentarii in pugnis ipsis partes magnas non egissent, numquam parlamentum abolitum est. Bis camerae superior et inferior de regibus decisiones tribunalicias fecerunt. Vectigalium protectio erga plebem et eius momentum in legibus accipiendis non iam removeri potuerunt. Libertas sermonis quoque valde confirmata est in senatoribus inferioribus qui vel immunitatem sibi promittere potuerunt. Henrico VI rege suffragium ordinatum est, quo in camera inferiore magis magisque vox populi audiretur; nobilitas vetusta autem bellis rosarum valde diminuta est. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Hoc bellum civile ... dicitur <i>factio albae et rubrae rosae</i> ... e scutis ducum Eboracensium et Lancastrensium ..." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gd1gAAAAcAAJ">p. 236</a> apud <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"factiones rosarum, albae et rubrae, sustulit, Lancastrensium et Eboracensium domos conjunxit" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_5lNAAAAcAAJ">sig. K 1 v</a> apud <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></i>); "factiones rosae rubrae et rosae albae, hoc est, Lancastrensium et Eboracensium" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nNpGAAAAcAAJ">p. 18</a> apud <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"quo tempore Eboracensium & Lancastrensium factiones vigerent": Franciscus Godwin, <i>Rerum Anglicarum annales</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A01810.0001.001/1:4?rgn=div1;view=fulltext">p. 65</a>; "funestum illud inter Eboracensium et Lancastrensium familias bellum" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pDMJAAAAQAAJ">p. 235</a> apud <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ita etiam Latine, sed <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://groups.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=groups.groupProfile&groupID=104800502&MyToken=d1495bae-286e-46ef-86b7-18111322a26d">fonte dubio?</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/90px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/135px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/180px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Rosa Eboracensis.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/90px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/135px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/180px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Rosa Lancastriensis.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Carpenter, Christine. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>. <i>The Wars of the Roses. Politics and the Constitution in England, c. 1437–1509.</i> Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0521268001" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-26800-1</a>.</li> <li>Dockray, Keith. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>. <i>Henry VI, Margaret of Anjou and the Wars of the Roses: A source book.</i> Stroud: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0750921633" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7509-2163-3</a>.</li> <li>Grummitt, David. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>. <i>The Wars of the Roses.</i> Londinii: I. B. Tauris.</li> <li>Hicks, Michael. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>. <i>The Wars of the Roses 1455–1487.</i> Essential Histories. A multi-volume History of War seen from political, strategic, tactical, cultural and individual Perspectives, 54. Oxoniae: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/1841764914" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-84176-491-4</a>.</li> <li>Hicks, Michael. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>. <i>The Wars of the Roses.</i> Portu Novo: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780300114232" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-300-11423-2</a>.</li> <li>Jacob, Ernest F. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>. <i>The Fifteenth Century, 1399–1485.</i> Oxford History of England, 6. Oxoniae: Clarendon Press.</li> <li>Lewis, Matthew. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>. <i>The Wars of the Roses: The Key Players in the Struggle for Supremacy.</i> Stroud: Amberley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9781445646350" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4456-4635-0</a>.</li> <li>Ross, Charles. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>. <i>Edward IV.</i> Londinii: Methuen. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0413286800" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-413-28680-0</a>.</li> <li>Ross, Charles. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>. <i>The Wars of the Roses: A concise History.</i> Londinii: Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0500250499" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-500-25049-9</a>.</li> <li>Sarnowsky, Jürgen. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>. <i>England im Mittelalter.</i> Darmstadii: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3534147197" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-534-14719-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_externi">Nexus externi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: Nexus externi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Nexus externi"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina prima">Vicimedia Communia</a></b> plura habent quae ad <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wars_of_the_Roses" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wars of the Roses">Bella Rosarum</a></b> spectant. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kriegsreisende.de/renaissance/rosenkriege.htm">Comparatio cum aliis bellis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00546sp">Series historia apud BBC</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&oldid=3559948">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bella_Rosarum&oldid=3559948</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Bella" title="Categoria:Bella">Bella</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Historia_Angliae" title="Categoria:Historia Angliae">Historia Angliae</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Motiones_paginarum_neglectae" title="Categoria:Motiones paginarum neglectae">Motiones paginarum neglectae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_movendae" title="Categoria:Paginae movendae">Paginae movendae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Historia" title="Categoria:Myrias Historia">Myrias Historia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Categoria:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 27 Septembris 2020 hora 19:34 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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