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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Braille alphabets used in Ghana</div> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a> alphabets are used in Ghana. For English, <a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English Braille</a> has been adopted. Four other languages have been written in braille: <a href="/wiki/Akan_language" title="Akan language">Akan</a> (Twi), <a href="/wiki/Ga_language" title="Ga language">Ga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dagaare_language" title="Dagaare language">Dagaare</a>. All three alphabets are based on the <a href="/wiki/Basic_braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic braille">basic braille</a> letter values of basic Latin alphabet: </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <caption>Basic braille alphabet </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801"><img alt="⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/40px-Braille_A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/60px-Braille_A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/80px-Braille_A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_B2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803"><img alt="⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/40px-Braille_B2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/60px-Braille_B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/80px-Braille_B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_C3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809"><img alt="⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/40px-Braille_C3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/60px-Braille_C3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/80px-Braille_C3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_D4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819"><img alt="⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/40px-Braille_D4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/60px-Braille_D4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/80px-Braille_D4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_E5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811"><img alt="⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/40px-Braille_E5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/60px-Braille_E5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/80px-Braille_E5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_F6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B"><img alt="⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/40px-Braille_F6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/60px-Braille_F6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/80px-Braille_F6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_G7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B"><img alt="⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/40px-Braille_G7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/60px-Braille_G7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/80px-Braille_G7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_H8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813"><img alt="⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/40px-Braille_H8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/60px-Braille_H8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/80px-Braille_H8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_I9.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A"><img alt="⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/40px-Braille_I9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/60px-Braille_I9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/80px-Braille_I9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_J0.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A"><img alt="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/40px-Braille_J0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/60px-Braille_J0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/80px-Braille_J0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_K.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805"><img alt="⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/40px-Braille_K.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/60px-Braille_K.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/80px-Braille_K.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_L.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807"><img alt="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/40px-Braille_L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/60px-Braille_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/80px-Braille_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_M.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D"><img alt="⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/40px-Braille_M.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/60px-Braille_M.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/80px-Braille_M.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>a</td> <td>b</td> <td>c</td> <td>d</td> <td>e</td> <td>f</td> <td>g</td> <td>h</td> <td>i</td> <td>j</td> <td>k</td> <td>l</td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_N.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D"><img alt="⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/40px-Braille_N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/60px-Braille_N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/80px-Braille_N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_O.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815"><img alt="⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/40px-Braille_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/60px-Braille_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/80px-Braille_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_P.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) U+280F"><img alt="⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/40px-Braille_P.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/60px-Braille_P.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/80px-Braille_P.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Q.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345) U+281F"><img alt="⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/40px-Braille_Q.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/60px-Braille_Q.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/80px-Braille_Q.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_R.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817"><img alt="⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/40px-Braille_R.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/60px-Braille_R.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/80px-Braille_R.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_S.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) U+280E"><img alt="⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/40px-Braille_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/60px-Braille_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/80px-Braille_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_T.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E"><img alt="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/40px-Braille_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/60px-Braille_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/80px-Braille_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_U.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠥ (braille pattern dots-136) U+2825"><img alt="⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/40px-Braille_U.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/60px-Braille_U.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/80px-Braille_U.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827"><img alt="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/40px-Braille_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/60px-Braille_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/80px-Braille_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456) U+283A"><img alt="⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/40px-Braille_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/60px-Braille_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/80px-Braille_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_X.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346) U+282D"><img alt="⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/40px-Braille_X.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/60px-Braille_X.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/80px-Braille_X.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D"><img alt="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/40px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/60px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/80px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Z.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) U+2835"><img alt="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/40px-Braille_Z.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/60px-Braille_Z.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/80px-Braille_Z.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>n</td> <td>o</td> <td>p</td> <td>q</td> <td>r</td> <td>s</td> <td>t</td> <td>u</td> <td>v</td> <td>w</td> <td>x</td> <td>y</td> <td>z </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>The braille equivalents of print letters beyond these are described below. English Braille punctuation is used in both Ghana and (according to UNESCO 2013) Togo. </p><p>Braille is not in active use in Ghana for any language but English. However, there are some older publications in these braille alphabets. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Akan_(Twi)_Braille"><span id="Akan_.28Twi.29_Braille"></span>Akan (Twi) Braille</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghanaian_braille&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Akan (Twi) Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">Twi Braille<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">Akan Braille</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> alphabet </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Twi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Twi language">Twi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English Braille</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Twi Braille</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Akan has one extra vowel letters. <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠪</span> <i>ɔ</i> could be expected from <a href="/wiki/International_braille" class="mw-redirect" title="International braille">international/African norms</a>; <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠻</span> <i>ɛ</i> is specific to Ghana. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%96.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A"><img alt="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C6%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɔ">ɔ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B"><img alt="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C6%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɛ">ɛ</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ga_and_Dagaare_Braille">Ga and Dagaare Braille</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghanaian_braille&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ga and Dagaare Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">Ga Braille<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">Dagaare Braille</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> alphabet </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ga_language" title="Ga language">Ga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagaare_language" title="Dagaare language">Dagaare</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English Braille</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Ga Braille</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ga and Dagaare add a third extra letter, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠬ (braille pattern dots-346) U+282C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠬</span> <i>ŋ</i>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%96.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A"><img alt="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C6%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɔ">ɔ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B"><img alt="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C6%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɛ">ɛ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%92.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346) U+282C"><img alt="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ewe_Braille">Ewe Braille</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghanaian_braille&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ewe Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">Ewe Braille<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> alphabet </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English Braille</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Ewe Braille</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ewe adds several additional consonants: <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) U+282B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠫</span> <i>ɖ</i>, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠹</span> <i>ƒ</i>, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠣</span> <i>ɣ</i>, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠮</span> <i>ʋ</i>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%96.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A"><img alt="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C6%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɔ">ɔ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B"><img alt="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C6%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɛ">ɛ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%92.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346) U+282C"><img alt="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8B.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) U+282B"><img alt="⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C6%89" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɖ">ɖ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C6%91" title="Ƒ">ƒ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8A.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823"><img alt="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C6%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɣ">ɣ</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%88.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E"><img alt="⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C6%B2" title="Ʋ">ʋ</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i>ɖ</i> and <i>ɣ</i> are the <a href="/wiki/International_braille" class="mw-redirect" title="International braille">international/African norm</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian braille</a>); <i>ƒ</i> and <i>ʋ</i> are from the English <i>th</i> sounds, the closest approximation in that language after <i>f</i> and <i>v</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Braille_for_Togolese_languages">Braille for Togolese languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghanaian_braille&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Braille for Togolese languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ewe is the primary language of <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, and is evidently used in Togo with the same braille assignments as in Ghana. UNESCO (2013 [1990]) reports several additional Togolese alphabets it was unable to confirm, but which were designed in conjunction with the Ghanaian languages; they evidently use the Ghanaian Ewe assignments: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassar language">Bassar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konkomba_language" title="Konkomba language">Konkomba</a> are written in <a href="/wiki/Basic_braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic braille">basic braille</a> plus Ewe <i>ŋ, ɔ</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabiye_language" title="Kabiye language">Kabiye</a> has <i>ɖ ɛ ɣ ɩ ŋ ɔ ʊ</i>. The letters <i><a href="/wiki/%C6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɩ">ɩ</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/%C6%B1" title="Ʊ">ʊ</a></i> follows international norms, and are equivalent to <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠔</span> <i>ị</i> and <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256) U+2833" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠳</span> <i>ụ</i> in <a href="/wiki/Igbo_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Igbo Braille">Igbo Braille</a>. (Unesco reports <i>u/ʊ</i> braille values are exchanged from the norm, a likely copy error.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) The other letters are as in Ewe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moba_language" title="Moba language">Moba</a> has <i>ɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ</i>, with <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) U+2814" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠔</span> <i>ɩ</i> as in Kabiye.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tem_language" title="Tem language">Tem</a> has <i>ɖ ɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ υ</i>, as in Kabiye.</li></ul> <p>In addition, UNESCO reports that various Togolese languages have <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) U+2821" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠡</span> for <a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">nasal vowels</a>, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠸ (braille pattern dots-456) U+2838" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠸</span> for high tone, <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠘ (braille pattern dots-45) U+2818" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠘</span> for mid tone, and <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56) U+2830" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠰</span> for low tone. </p><p>All five of these languages are spoken in Ghana as well as Togo, but Unesco does not report on them being reduced to braille there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghanaian_braille&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415171733/https://www.perkins.org/assets/downloads/worldbrailleusage/world-braille-usage-third-edition.pdf"><i>World Braille Usage Third Edition, Perkins / International Council on English Braille / UNESCO, 2013: contrast p. 100 (Igbo) vs p.144 (Kabiyé)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perkins.org/assets/downloads/worldbrailleusage/world-braille-usage-third-edition.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2021-04-15<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-25</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Braille+Usage+Third+Edition%2C+Perkins+%2F+International+Council+on+English+Braille+%2F+UNESCO%2C+2013%3A+contrast+p.+100+%28Igbo%29+vs+p.144+%28Kabiy%C3%A9%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perkins.org%2Fassets%2Fdownloads%2Fworldbrailleusage%2Fworld-braille-usage-third-edition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhanaian+braille" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>UNESCO (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pharmabraille.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/World-Braille-Usage-Third-Edition-1.pdf">World Braille Usage</a>, 3rd edition.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghanaian_braille&oldid=1226849307">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghanaian_braille&oldid=1226849307</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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