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Search results for: global stability
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text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: global stability</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8402</span> A Mathematical Model for Hepatitis B Virus Infection and the Impact of Vaccination on Its Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20G.%20Kassem">T. G. Kassem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Adunchezor"> A. K. Adunchezor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Chollom"> J. P. Chollom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a mathematical model developed to predict the dynamics of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and to evaluate the potential impact of vaccination and treatment on its dynamics. We used a compartmental model expressed by a set of differential equations based on the characteristic of HBV transmission. With these, we find the threshold quantity R0, then find the local asymptotic stability of disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. Furthermore, we find the global stability of the disease free and endemic equilibrium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20B%20virus" title="hepatitis B virus">hepatitis B virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6070/a-mathematical-model-for-hepatitis-b-virus-infection-and-the-impact-of-vaccination-on-its-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8401</span> Landfill Design for Reclamation of Şırnak Coal Mine Dumps: Shalefill Stability and Risk Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m%20I.%20Tosun">Yıldırım I. Tosun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halim%20Cevizci"> Halim Cevizci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakan%20Ceylan"> Hakan Ceylan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By GEO5 FEM program with four rockfill slope modeling and stability analysis was performed for S1, S2, S3 and S4 slopes where landslides of the shalefills were limited. Effective angle of internal friction (φ'°) 17°-22.5°, the effective cohesion (c') from 0.5 to 1.8 kPa, saturated unit weight 1.78-2.43 g/cm3, natural unit weight 1.9-2.35 g/cm3, dry unit weight 1.97-2.40 g/cm3, the permeability coefficient of 1x10-4 - 6.5x10-4 cm/s. In cross-sections of the slope, GEO 5 FEM program possible critical surface tension was examined. Rockfill dump design was made to prevent sliding slopes. Bulk material designated geotechnical properties using also GEO5 programs FEM and stability program via a safety factor determined and calculated according to the values S3 and S4 No. slopes are stable S1 and S2 No. slopes were close to stable state that has been found to be risk. GEO5 programs with limestone rock fill dump through FEM program was found to exhibit stability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title="slope stability">slope stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20analysis" title=" stability analysis"> stability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rockfills" title=" rockfills"> rockfills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sock%20stability" title=" sock stability"> sock stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6651/landfill-design-for-reclamation-of-sirnak-coal-mine-dumps-shalefill-stability-and-risk-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8400</span> Impact of Global Climate Change on Economy of Pakistan: How to Ensure Sustainable Food and Energy Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabahat%20Zahra">Sabahat Zahra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to present the changing global environment and its potential impacts on sustainable food and energy production at global level, particularly in Pakistan. The food and energy related-economic sector has been subjected to negative consequences due to recent extreme changes in weather conditions, particularly in developing countries. Besides continuous modifications in weather, population is also increasing by time, therefore it is necessary to take special steps and start effective initiatives to cope with the challenges of food and energy security to fight hunger and for economic stability of country. Severe increase in temperature and heat waves has also negative impacts on food production as well as energy sustainability. Energy (in terms of electricity) consumption has grown up than the production potential of the country as a consequence of increasing warm weather. Ultimately prices gone up when there is more consumption than production. Therefore, all these aspects of climate change are interrelated with socio-economic issues. There is a need to develop long-term policies on regional and national levels for maintainable economic growth. This research presents a framework-plan and recommendations for implementation needed to mitigate the potential threats due to global climate change sustainable food and energy production under climate change in the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20changes" title="climate changes">climate changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20security" title=" energy security"> energy security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20climate%20change" title=" global climate change"> global climate change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41467/impact-of-global-climate-change-on-economy-of-pakistan-how-to-ensure-sustainable-food-and-energy-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8399</span> Relation between Initial Stability of the Dental Implant and Bone-Implant Contact Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jui-Ting%20Hsu">Jui-Ting Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heng-Li%20Huang"> Heng-Li Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Tzu%20Tsai"> Ming-Tzu Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Chih%20Su"> Kuo-Chih Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lih-Jyh%20Fuh"> Lih-Jyh Fuh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this study were to measure the initial stability of the dental implant (ISQ and PTV) in the artificial foam bone block with three different quality levels. In addition, the 3D bone to implant contact percentage (BIC%) was measured based on the micro-computed tomography images. Furthermore, the relation between the initial stability of dental implant (ISQ and PTV) and BIC% were calculated. The experimental results indicated that enhanced the material property of the artificial foam bone increased the initial stability of the dental implant. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the BIC% and the two approaches (ISQ and PTV) were 0.652 and 0.745. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20implant" title="dental implant">dental implant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implant%20stability%20quotient" title=" implant stability quotient"> implant stability quotient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20insertion%20torque" title=" peak insertion torque"> peak insertion torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone-implant%20contact" title=" bone-implant contact"> bone-implant contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-computed%20tomography" title=" micro-computed tomography"> micro-computed tomography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24176/relation-between-initial-stability-of-the-dental-implant-and-bone-implant-contact-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8398</span> Quantifying Stability of Online Communities and Its Impact on Disinformation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Chomel">Victor Chomel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maziyar%20Panahi"> Maziyar Panahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Chavalarias"> David Chavalarias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Misinformation has taken an increasingly worrying place in social media. Propagation patterns are closely linked to the structure of communities. This study proposes a method of community analysis based on a combination of centrality indicators for the network and its main communities. The objective is to establish a link between the stability of the communities over time, the social ascension of its members internally, and the propagation of information in the community. To this end, data from the debates about global warming and political communities on Twitter have been collected, and several tens of millions of tweets and retweets have helped us better understand the structure of these communities. The quantification of this stability allows for the study of the propagation of information of any kind, including disinformation. Our results indicate that the most stable communities over time are the ones that enable the establishment of nodes capturing a large part of the information and broadcasting its opinions. Conversely, communities with a high turnover and social ascendancy only stabilize themselves strongly in the face of adversity and external events but seem to offer a greater diversity of opinions most of the time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20analysis" title="community analysis">community analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disinformation" title=" disinformation"> disinformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misinformation" title=" misinformation"> misinformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Twitter" title=" Twitter"> Twitter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128710/quantifying-stability-of-online-communities-and-its-impact-on-disinformation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8397</span> Effect of Change in Angle of Slope and Height of an Embankment on Safety Factor during Rapid Drawdown</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abolhassan%20Naeini">Seyed Abolhassan Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Kouhpeyma"> Azam Kouhpeyma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reduction of water level at which a slope is submerged with it is called drawdown. Draw down can took place rapidly or slowly and in both situations, it can affect slope stability. Using coupled analysis (seepage and stability analysis) causes more accurate results. In this study, the stability of homogeneous embankment is investigated numerically. Slope safety factor changes due to changes in three factors of height, slope and drawdown rate have been investigated and compared. It was found that with increasing height and slope, the safety factor decreases, and with increasing the discharge rate, the safety factor increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drawdown" title="drawdown">drawdown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20seepage%20and%20stability%20analysis" title=" coupled seepage and stability analysis"> coupled seepage and stability analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145809/effect-of-change-in-angle-of-slope-and-height-of-an-embankment-on-safety-factor-during-rapid-drawdown" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8396</span> Formulation of Extended-Release Ranolazine Tablet and Investigation Its Stability in the Accelerated Stability Condition at 40⁰C and 75% Humidity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzad%20Khajavi">Farzad Khajavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzaneh%20Jalilfar"> Farzaneh Jalilfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faranak%20Jafari"> Faranak Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Shokrani"> Leila Shokrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Formulation of Ranolazine in the form of extended-release tablet in 500 mg dosage form was performed using Eudragit L100-55 as a retarding agent. Drug-release profiles were investigated in comparison with the reference Ranexa extended-release 500 mg tablet. F₂ and f₁ were calculated as 64.16 and 8.53, respectively. According to Peppas equation, the release of drug is controlled by diffusion (n=0.5). The tablets were put into accelerated stability conditions (40 °C, 75% humidity) for 3 and 6 months. The dissolution release profiles and other physical and chemical characteristics of the tablets confirmed the robustness and stability of formulation in this condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20release" title="drug release">drug release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended-release%20tablet" title=" extended-release tablet"> extended-release tablet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranolazine" title=" ranolazine"> ranolazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127040/formulation-of-extended-release-ranolazine-tablet-and-investigation-its-stability-in-the-accelerated-stability-condition-at-40c-and-75-humidity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8395</span> 'Internationalization': Discussing the Ethics of the Global North Developing Social Work Courses for the Global South</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Goitom">Mary Goitom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Liegghio"> Maria Liegghio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we critically explore the ethics of Schools of Social Work from the global North developing courses for programs within the Global South. In it, we discuss our experiences of partnering with the University of Guyana to develop and teach graduate courses in a newly formed Masters of Social Work program. Under the umbrella of our university’s goal for 'internationalization', that is, developing and establishing global and local collaborations for teaching, research and scholarship, we bring into question whether a new form of academic imperialism is occurring under the guise of global citizenship and social justice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20imperialism" title="academic imperialism">academic imperialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20north%20and%20south" title=" global north and south"> global north and south</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internationalization" title=" internationalization"> internationalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20work%20education" title=" social work education"> social work education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59550/internationalization-discussing-the-ethics-of-the-global-north-developing-social-work-courses-for-the-global-south" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8394</span> Stability and Boundedness Theorems of Solutions of Certain Systems of Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adetunji%20A.%20Adeyanju.">Adetunji A. Adeyanju.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathew%20O.%20Omeike"> Mathew O. Omeike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnson%20O.%20Adeniran"> Johnson O. Adeniran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biodun%20S.%20Badmus"> Biodun S. Badmus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we discuss certain conditions for uniform asymptotic stability and uniform ultimate boundedness of solutions to some systems of Aizermann-type of differential equations by means of second method of Lyapunov. In achieving our goal, some Lyapunov functions are constructed to serve as basic tools. The stability results in this paper, extend some stability results for some Aizermann-type of differential equations found in literature. Also, we prove some results on uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness of solutions of systems of equations study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aizermann" title="Aizermann">Aizermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundedness" title=" boundedness"> boundedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20order" title=" first order"> first order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov%20function" title=" Lyapunov function"> Lyapunov function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164909/stability-and-boundedness-theorems-of-solutions-of-certain-systems-of-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8393</span> The Role of the Rate of Profit Concept in Creating Economic Stability in Islamic Financial Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trisiladi%20Supriyanto">Trisiladi Supriyanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to establish a concept of rate of profit on Islamic banking that can create economic justice and stability in the Islamic Financial Market (Banking and Capital Markets). A rate of profit that creates economic justice and stability can be achieved through its role in maintaining the stability of the financial system in which there is an equitable distribution of income and wealth. To determine the role of the rate of profit as the basis of the profit sharing system implemented in the Islamic financial system, we can see the connection of rate of profit in creating financial stability, especially in the asset-liability management of financial institutions that generate a stable net margin or the rate of profit that is not affected by the ups and downs of the market risk factors, including indirect effect on interest rates. Furthermore, Islamic financial stability can be seen from the role of the rate of profit on the stability of the Islamic financial assets value that are measured from the Islamic financial asset price volatility in the Islamic Bond Market in the Capital Market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20justice" title="economic justice">economic justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equitable%20distribution%20of%20income" title=" equitable distribution of income"> equitable distribution of income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equitable%20distribution%20of%20wealth" title=" equitable distribution of wealth"> equitable distribution of wealth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rate%20of%20profit" title=" rate of profit"> rate of profit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20in%20the%20financial%20system" title=" stability in the financial system"> stability in the financial system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48161/the-role-of-the-rate-of-profit-concept-in-creating-economic-stability-in-islamic-financial-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8392</span> Longitudinal Static and Dynamic Stability of a Typical Reentry Body in Subsonic Conditions Using Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jathaveda">M. Jathaveda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joben%20Leons"> Joben Leons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Vidya"> G. Vidya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reentry from orbit is a critical phase in the entry trajectory. For a non-propulsive ballistic entry, static and dynamic stability play an important role in the trajectory, especially for the safe deployment of parachutes, typically at subsonic Mach numbers. Static stability of flight vehicles are being estimated through CFD techniques routinely. Advances in CFD software as well as computational facilities have enabled the estimation of the dynamic stability derivatives also through CFD techniques. Longitudinal static and dynamic stability of a typical reentry body for subsonic Mach number of 0.6 is predicted using commercial software CFD++ and presented here. Steady state simulations are carried out for α = 2° on an unstructured grid using SST k-ω model. Transient simulation using forced oscillation method is used to compute pitch damping derivatives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title="stability">stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=typical%20reentry%20body" title=" typical reentry body"> typical reentry body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsonic" title=" subsonic"> subsonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20and%20dynamic" title=" static and dynamic"> static and dynamic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159425/longitudinal-static-and-dynamic-stability-of-a-typical-reentry-body-in-subsonic-conditions-using-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8391</span> Stability of Out-Of-Plane Equilibrium Points in the Elliptic Restricted Three-Body Problem with Oblateness up to Zonal Harmonic J₄ of Both Primaries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanshio%20Richard%20Tyokyaa">Kanshio Richard Tyokyaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagadish%20Singh"> Jagadish Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we examined the location and stability of Out-Of-Plane Equilibrium points in the elliptic restricted three-body problem of an infinitesimal body when both primaries are taken as oblate spheroids with oblateness up to zonal harmonic J₄. The positions of the Equilibrium points L₆,₇ and their stability depend on the oblateness of the primaries and the eccentricity of their orbits. We explored the problem numerically to show the effects of parameters involved in the position and stability of the Out-Of-Plane Equilibrium points for the systems: HD188753 and Gliese 667. It is found that their positions are affected by the oblateness of the primaries, eccentricity and the semi-major axis of the orbits, but its stability behavior remains unchanged and is unstable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out-of-plane" title="out-of-plane">out-of-plane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium%20points" title=" equilibrium points"> equilibrium points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20restricted%20three-body%20problem" title=" elliptic restricted three-body problem"> elliptic restricted three-body problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oblateness" title=" oblateness"> oblateness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zonal%20harmonic" title=" zonal harmonic"> zonal harmonic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91381/stability-of-out-of-plane-equilibrium-points-in-the-elliptic-restricted-three-body-problem-with-oblateness-up-to-zonal-harmonic-j4-of-both-primaries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8390</span> Investigation of Riprap Stability on Roughness Bridge Pier in River Bend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alireza%20Masjedi">A. Alireza Masjedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Amir%20Taeedi"> B. Amir Taeedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, by placing the two cylindrical piers without roughness and with roughness with riprap around its, they proceeded to a series of tests. Experiments were done by three relative diameters of riprap with density 2.1 and one rate of discharge 27 lit/s under pure water condition. In each experiment, flow depth measured in terms of failure threshold then stability number calculated by using data obtained. The results of the research showed that the riprap stability in pier with roughness is more pier without roughness because of the pier with roughness is sharp-pointed and reduced horseshoe vortex. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riprap%20stability" title="riprap stability">riprap stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20bend" title=" river bend"> river bend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=froude%20number" title=" froude number"> froude number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35336/investigation-of-riprap-stability-on-roughness-bridge-pier-in-river-bend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8389</span> Effect of Riprap Stability on Roughness Bridge Pier in River Bend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Masjedi">Alireza Masjedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Taeedi"> Amir Taeedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, by placing the two cylindrical piers without roughness and with roughness with riprap around its, they proceeded to a series of tests. Experiments were done by three relative diameters of riprap with density 2.1 and one rate of discharge 27 lit/s under pure water condition. In each experiment, flow depth measured in terms of failure threshold then stability number calculated by using data obtained. The results of the research showed that the riprap stability in pier with roughness is more pier without roughness because of the pier with roughness is sharp-pointed and reduced horseshoe vortex. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riprap%20stability" title="riprap stability">riprap stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20bend" title=" river bend"> river bend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=froude%20number" title=" froude number"> froude number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24772/effect-of-riprap-stability-on-roughness-bridge-pier-in-river-bend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8388</span> Mathematical Model for Defection between Two Political Parties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullahi%20Mohammed%20Auwal">Abdullahi Mohammed Auwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Formation and change or decamping from one political party to another have now become a common trend in Nigeria. Many of the parties’ members who could not secure positions and or win elections in their parties or are not very much satisfied with the trends occurring in the party’s internal democratic principles and mechanisms, change their respective parties. This paper developed/presented and analyzed the used of non linear mathematical model for defections between two political parties using epidemiological approach. The whole population was assumed to be a constant and homogeneously mixed. Equilibria have been analytically obtained and their local and global stability discussed. Conditions for the co-existence of both the political parties have been determined, in the study of defections between People Democratic Party (PDP) and All Progressive Congress (APC) in Nigeria using numerical simulations to support the analytical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title="model">model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20parties" title=" political parties"> political parties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deffection" title=" deffection"> deffection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21382/mathematical-model-for-defection-between-two-political-parties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">636</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8387</span> Networked Implementation of Milling Stability Optimization with Bayesian Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Ramsauer">Christoph Ramsauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaydeep%20Karandikar"> Jaydeep Karandikar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20Schmitz"> Tony Schmitz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friedrich%20Bleicher"> Friedrich Bleicher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Machining stability is an important limitation to discrete part machining. In this work, a networked implementation of milling stability optimization with Bayesian learning is presented. The milling process was monitored with a wireless sensory tool holder instrumented with an accelerometer at the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria. The recorded data from a milling test cut is used to classify the cut as stable or unstable based on the frequency analysis. The test cut result is fed to a Bayesian stability learning algorithm at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. The algorithm calculates the probability of stability as a function of axial depth of cut and spindle speed and recommends the parameters for the next test cut. The iterative process between two transatlantic locations repeats until convergence to a stable optimal process parameter set is achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machining%20stability" title="machining stability">machining stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135659/networked-implementation-of-milling-stability-optimization-with-bayesian-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8386</span> Modeling and Optimal Control of Pneumonia Disease with Cost Effective Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Tilahun">Getachew Tilahun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwole%20Makinde"> Oluwole Makinde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Malonza"> David Malonza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose and analyze a non-linear mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of pneumonia disease in a population of varying size. The deterministic compartmental model is studied using stability theory of differential equations. The effective reproduction number is obtained and also the local and global asymptotically stability conditions for the disease free and as well as for the endemic equilibria are established. The model exhibit a backward bifurcation and the sensitivity indices of the basic reproduction number to the key parameters are determined. Using Pontryagin’s maximum principle, the optimal control problem is formulated with three control strategies; namely disease prevention through education, treatment and screening. The cost effectiveness analysis of the adopted control strategies revealed that the combination of prevention and treatment is the most cost effective intervention strategies to combat the pneumonia pandemic. Numerical simulation is performed and pertinent results are displayed graphically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20effectiveness%20analysis" title="cost effectiveness analysis">cost effectiveness analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumonia%20dynamics" title=" pneumonia dynamics"> pneumonia dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20analysis" title=" stability analysis"> stability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61514/modeling-and-optimal-control-of-pneumonia-disease-with-cost-effective-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8385</span> Quantifying Meaning in Biological Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20L.%20Summers">Richard L. Summers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The advanced computational analysis of biological systems is becoming increasingly dependent upon an understanding of the information-theoretic structure of the materials, energy and interactive processes that comprise those systems. The stability and survival of these living systems are fundamentally contingent upon their ability to acquire and process the meaning of information concerning the physical state of its biological continuum (biocontinuum). The drive for adaptive system reconciliation of a divergence from steady-state within this biocontinuum can be described by an information metric-based formulation of the process for actionable knowledge acquisition that incorporates the axiomatic inference of Kullback-Leibler information minimization driven by survival replicator dynamics. If the mathematical expression of this process is the Lagrangian integrand for any change within the biocontinuum then it can also be considered as an action functional for the living system. In the direct method of Lyapunov, such a summarizing mathematical formulation of global system behavior based on the driving forces of energy currents and constraints within the system can serve as a platform for the analysis of stability. As the system evolves in time in response to biocontinuum perturbations, the summarizing function then conveys information about its overall stability. This stability information portends survival and therefore has absolute existential meaning for the living system. The first derivative of the Lyapunov energy information function will have a negative trajectory toward a system's steady state if the driving force is dissipating. By contrast, system instability leading to system dissolution will have a positive trajectory. The direction and magnitude of the vector for the trajectory then serves as a quantifiable signature of the meaning associated with the living system’s stability information, homeostasis and survival potential. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meaning" title="meaning">meaning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information" title=" information"> information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov" title=" Lyapunov"> Lyapunov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=living%20systems" title=" living systems"> living systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146575/quantifying-meaning-in-biological-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8384</span> Airplane Stability during Climb/Descend Phase Using a Flight Dynamics Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niloufar%20Ghoreishi">Niloufar Ghoreishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Nekouzadeh"> Ali Nekouzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stability of the flight during maneuvering and in response to probable perturbations is one of the most essential features of an aircraft that should be analyzed and designed for. In this study, we derived the non-linear governing equations of aircraft dynamics during the climb/descend phase and simulated a model aircraft. The corresponding force and moment dimensionless coefficients of the model and their variations with elevator angle and other relevant aerodynamic parameters were measured experimentally. The short-period mode and phugoid mode response were simulated by solving the governing equations numerically and then compared with the desired stability parameters for the particular level, category, and class of the aircraft model. To meet the target stability, a controller was designed and used. This resulted in significant improvement in the stability parameters of the flight. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flight%20stability" title="flight stability">flight stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phugoid%20mode" title=" phugoid mode"> phugoid mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20period%20mode" title=" short period mode"> short period mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climb%20phase" title=" climb phase"> climb phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20coefficient" title=" damping coefficient"> damping coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159240/airplane-stability-during-climbdescend-phase-using-a-flight-dynamics-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8383</span> Transient Stability Improvement in Multi-Machine System Using Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and Static Var Compensator (SVC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khoshnaw%20Khalid%20Hama%20Saleh">Khoshnaw Khalid Hama Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergun%20Ercelebi"> Ergun Ercelebi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasingly complex modern power systems require stability, especially for transient and small disturbances. Transient stability plays a major role in stability during fault and large disturbance. This paper compares a power system stabilizer (PSS) and static Var compensator (SVC) to improve damping oscillation and enhance transient stability. The effectiveness of a PSS connected to the exciter and/or governor in damping electromechanical oscillations of isolated synchronous generator was tested. The SVC device is a member of the shunt FACTS (flexible alternating current transmission system) family, utilized in power transmission systems. The designed model was tested with a multi-machine system consisting of four machines six bus, using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The results obtained indicate that SVC solutions are better than PSS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FACTS" title="FACTS">FACTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB%2FSIMULINK" title=" MATLAB/SIMULINK"> MATLAB/SIMULINK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-machine%20system" title=" multi-machine system"> multi-machine system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSS" title=" PSS"> PSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVC" title=" SVC"> SVC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20stability" title=" transient stability"> transient stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40932/transient-stability-improvement-in-multi-machine-system-using-power-system-stabilizer-pss-and-static-var-compensator-svc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8382</span> Power Angle Control Strategy of Virtual Synchronous Machine: A Novel Approach to Control Virtual Synchronous Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shishir%20Lamichhane">Shishir Lamichhane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurav%20Dulal"> Saurav Dulal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibek%20Gautam"> Bibek Gautam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madan%20Thapa%20Magar"> Madan Thapa Magar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indraman%20Tamrakar"> Indraman Tamrakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Renewable energies such as wind turbines and solar photovoltaic have gained significance as a result of global environmental pollution and energy crises. These sources of energy are converted into electrical energy and delivered to end-users through the utility system. As a result of the widespread use of power electronics-based grid-interfacing technologies to accommodate renewable sources of energy, the prevalence of converters has expanded as well. As a result, the power system's rotating inertia is decreasing, endangering the utility grid's stability. The use of Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) technology has been proposed to overcome the grid stability problem due to low rotating inertia. The grid-connected inverter used in VSM can be controlled to emulate inertia, which replicates the external features of a synchronous generator. As a result, the rotating inertia is increased to support the power system's stability. A power angle control strategy is proposed in this paper and its model is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to study the effects of parameter disturbances on the active power and frequency for a VSM. The system consists of a synchronous generator, which is modeled in such a way that the frequency drops to an unacceptable region during transient conditions due to a lack of inertia when VSM is not used. Then, the suggested model incorporating VSM emulates rotating inertia, injecting a controllable amount of energy into the grid during frequency transients to enhance transient stability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20constant" title="damping constant">damping constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertia%E2%80%93constant" title=" inertia–constant"> inertia–constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROCOF" title=" ROCOF"> ROCOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20stability" title=" transient stability"> transient stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20sources" title=" distributed sources"> distributed sources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141846/power-angle-control-strategy-of-virtual-synchronous-machine-a-novel-approach-to-control-virtual-synchronous-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8381</span> Design of Fuzzy Logic Based Global Power System Stabilizer for Dynamic Stability Enhancement in Multi-Machine Power System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20Patidar">N. P. Patidar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Earnest"> J. Earnest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laxmikant%20Nagar"> Laxmikant Nagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akshay%20Sharma"> Akshay Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the diligence of a new input signal based fuzzy power system stabilizer in multi-machine power system. Instead of conventional input pairs like speed deviation (∆ω) and derivative of speed deviation i.e. acceleration (∆ω ̇) or speed deviation and accelerating power deviation of each machine, in this paper, deviation of active power through the tie line colligating two areas is used as one of the inputs to the fuzzy logic controller in concurrence with the speed deviation. Fuzzy Logic has the features of simple concept, easy effectuation, and computationally efficient. The advantage of this input is that, the same signal can be fed to each of the fuzzy logic controller connected with each machine. The simulated system comprises of two fully symmetrical areas coupled together by two 230 kV lines. Each area is equipped with two superposable generators rated 20 kV/900MVA and area-1 is exporting 413 MW to area-2. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme has been assessed by performing small signal stability assessment and transient stability assessment. The proposed control scheme has been compared with a conventional PSS. Digital simulation is used to demonstrate the performance of fuzzy logic controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Power%20System%20Stabilizer%20%28PSS%29" title="Power System Stabilizer (PSS)">Power System Stabilizer (PSS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20signal%20stability" title=" small signal stability"> small signal stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-area%20oscillation" title=" inter-area oscillation"> inter-area oscillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20controller" title=" fuzzy logic controller"> fuzzy logic controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membership%20function" title=" membership function"> membership function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rule%20base" title=" rule base"> rule base</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16848/design-of-fuzzy-logic-based-global-power-system-stabilizer-for-dynamic-stability-enhancement-in-multi-machine-power-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8380</span> Global Communication: Trends and Impact of Unbalanced Information in Nigerian Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uchenna%20Patricia%20Ekwugha">Uchenna Patricia Ekwugha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cornelius%20Aghadiegwu%20Ukwueze"> Cornelius Aghadiegwu Ukwueze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global communication has changed life at the international scene affecting on the whole social, cultural and political life of individuals in a global community. It has brought about a changing trend in the field of communication and allowed people to learn, create and process information through mainline media and new media technologies. The paper debates that music is an integral form of global communication that cannot be overlooked because it is a beautiful and powerful tool in relating information to the people which they gladly imbibe. It is worrisome that through global communication there has been consistent clash of values on information’s disseminated to the global community of which the developing countries like Nigerians are the sufferers. Particularly involved in this vicious social dogma are the Nigerian youths, who learn defiant behaviour through global communication and lose touch of African cultural values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20communication" title="global communication">global communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trends" title=" trends"> trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbalanced%20information" title=" unbalanced information"> unbalanced information</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10227/global-communication-trends-and-impact-of-unbalanced-information-in-nigerian-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8379</span> Stability Analysis of Rabies Model with Vaccination Effect and Culling in Dogs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eti%20Dwi%20Wiraningsih">Eti Dwi Wiraningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Folashade%20Agusto"> Folashade Agusto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Aryati"> Lina Aryati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syamsuddin%20Toaha"> Syamsuddin Toaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzanne%20Lenhart"> Suzanne Lenhart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Widodo"> Widodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Willy%20Govaerts"> Willy Govaerts</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of rabies virus in the wild dogs-domestic dogs-human zoonotic cycle. The effect of vaccination and culling in dogs is considered on the model, then the stability was analysed to get basic reproduction number. We use the next generation matrix method and Routh-Hurwitz test to analyze the stability of the Disease-Free Equilibrium and Endemic Equilibrium of this model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20analysis" title="stability analysis">stability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rabies%20model" title=" rabies model"> rabies model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination%20effect" title=" vaccination effect"> vaccination effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culling%20in%20dogs" title=" culling in dogs"> culling in dogs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21184/stability-analysis-of-rabies-model-with-vaccination-effect-and-culling-in-dogs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">628</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8378</span> Linear Stability Analysis of a Regularized Two-Fluid Model for Unstable Gas-Liquid Flows in Long Hilly Terrain Pipelines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Alejandro%20Lazo-Vasquez">David Alejandro Lazo-Vasquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Luis%20Balino"> Jorge Luis Balino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the petroleum industry, multiphase flow occurs when oil, gas, and water are transported in the same pipe through large pipeline systems. The flow can take different patterns depending on parameters like fluid velocities, pipe diameter, pipe inclination, and fluid properties. Mainly, intermittent flow is produced by the natural propagation of short and long waves, according to the Kelvin-Helmholtz Stability Theory. To model stratified flow and the onset of intermittent flow, it is crucial to have knowledge of short and long waves behavior. The two-fluid model, frequently employed for characterizing multiphase systems, becomes ill-posed for high liquid and gas velocities and large inclination angles, for short waves can develop infinite growth rates. We are interested in focusing attention on long-wave instability, which leads to the production of roll waves that may grow and result in the transition from stratified flow to intermittent flow. In this study, global and local linear stability analyses for dynamic and kinematic stability criteria predict the regions of stability of the flow for different pipe inclinations and fluid velocities in regularized and non-regularized systems, concurrently. It was possible to distinguish when: wave growth rates are absolutely bounded (stable stratified smooth flow), waves have finite growth rates (unstable stratified wavy flow), and when the equation system becomes elliptic and hyperbolization is needed. In order to bound short wave growth rates and regularize the equation system, we incorporated some lower and higher-order terms like interfacial drag and surface tension, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20stability%20analysis" title="linear stability analysis">linear stability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20flow" title=" multiphase flow"> multiphase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=onset%20of%20slugging" title=" onset of slugging"> onset of slugging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-fluid%20model%20regularization" title=" two-fluid model regularization"> two-fluid model regularization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113094/linear-stability-analysis-of-a-regularized-two-fluid-model-for-unstable-gas-liquid-flows-in-long-hilly-terrain-pipelines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8377</span> Stability Bound of Ruin Probability in a Reduced Two-Dimensional Risk Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zina%20Benouaret">Zina Benouaret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamil%20Aissani"> Djamil Aissani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we introduce the qualitative and quantitative concept of the strong stability method in the risk process modeling two lines of business of the same insurance company or an insurance and re-insurance companies that divide between them both claims and premiums with a certain proportion. The approach proposed is based on the identification of the ruin probability associate to the model considered, with a stationary distribution of a Markov random process called a reversed process. Our objective, after clarifying the condition and the perturbation domain of parameters, is to obtain the stability inequality of the ruin probability which is applied to estimate the approximation error of a model with disturbance parameters by the considered model. In the stability bound obtained, all constants are explicitly written. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markov%20chain" title="Markov chain">Markov chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20models" title=" risk models"> risk models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruin%20probabilities" title=" ruin probabilities"> ruin probabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20stability%20analysis" title=" strong stability analysis"> strong stability analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85274/stability-bound-of-ruin-probability-in-a-reduced-two-dimensional-risk-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8376</span> The Effect of Corporate Governance on Financial Stability and Solvency Margin for Insurance Companies in Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghadeer%20A.Al-Jabaree">Ghadeer A.Al-Jabaree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Husam%20Aldeen%20Al-Khadash"> Husam Aldeen Al-Khadash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nassar"> M. Nassar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed at investigating the effect of well-designed corporate governance system on the financial stability of insurance companies listed in ASE. Further, this study provides a comprehensive model for evaluating and analyzing insurance companies' financial position and prospective for comparing the degree of corporate governance application provisions among Jordanian insurance companies. In order to achieve the goals of the study, a whole population that consist of (27) listed insurance companies was introduced through the variables of (board of director, audit committee, internal and external auditor, board and management ownership and block holder's identities). Statistical methods were used with alternative techniques by (SPSS); where descriptive statistical techniques such as means, standard deviations were used to describe the variables, while (F) test and ANOVA analysis of variance were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The study revealed the existence of significant effect of corporate governance variables except local companies that are not listed in ASE on financial stability within control variables especially debt ratio (leverage),where it's also showed that concentration in motor third party doesn't have significant effect on insurance companies' financial stability during study period. Moreover, the study concludes that Global financial crisis affect the investment side of insurance companies with insignificant effect on the technical side. Finally, some recommendations were presented such as enhancing the laws and regulation that help the appropriate application of corporate governance, and work on activating the transparency in the disclosures of the financial statements and focusing on supporting the technical provisions for the companies, rather than focusing only on profit side. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title="corporate governance">corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20stability%0D%0Aand%20solvency%20margin" title=" financial stability and solvency margin"> financial stability and solvency margin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance%20companies" title=" insurance companies"> insurance companies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan" title=" Jordan"> Jordan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21449/the-effect-of-corporate-governance-on-financial-stability-and-solvency-margin-for-insurance-companies-in-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8375</span> Stability of Hybrid Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kreangkri%20Ratchagit">Kreangkri Ratchagit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is concerned with exponential stability of switched linear systems with interval time-varying delays. The time delay is any continuous function belonging to a given interval, in which the lower bound of delay is not restricted to zero. By constructing a suitable augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional combined with Leibniz-Newton’s formula, a switching rule for the exponential stability of switched linear systems with interval time-varying delays and new delay-dependent sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of the systems are first established in terms of LMIs. Finally, some examples are exploited to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20stability" title="exponential stability">exponential stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20systems" title=" hybrid systems"> hybrid systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timevarying%20delays" title=" timevarying delays"> timevarying delays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov-Krasovskii%20functional" title=" Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional"> Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leibniz-Newton%E2%80%99s%20formula" title=" Leibniz-Newton’s formula"> Leibniz-Newton’s formula</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20280/stability-of-hybrid-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8374</span> Stability of Canola Varieties for Oil Percent in Four Regions of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mohammad%20Nasir%20Mousavi">Seyed Mohammad Nasir Mousavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Mashayekh"> Amir Mashayekh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pasha%20Hejazi"> Pasha Hejazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanaz%20Kanani%20Zadeh%20Khalkhali"> Sanaz Kanani Zadeh Khalkhali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To determine the stability of the oil percent canola varieties, an experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with four replications in four research stations of the country Shahrood, Esfahan, Kermanshah, Varamin. Analysis of variance showed that there is cultivars considerable variability in the percentage of oil. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of oil Hyola 401 and Hyola308 stability and flexibility are high. Cultivars Cooper and Likord are minimum variance Shukla that stable for the percentage of oil Based on the chart AMMI 1, cultivars Zarfam and Hyola 401 are of oil percentage than other varieties had higher stability. On the chart AMMI2, cultivars Karun and Hyola 308 are identified as stable, also location Isfahan is stable <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canola" title="canola">canola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMMI" title=" AMMI"> AMMI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variance%20Shukla" title=" variance Shukla"> variance Shukla</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45976/stability-of-canola-varieties-for-oil-percent-in-four-regions-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8373</span> Voltage Stability Assessment and Enhancement Using STATCOM -A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puneet%20Chawla">Puneet Chawla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balwinder%20Singh"> Balwinder Singh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, increased attention has been devoted to the voltage instability phenomenon in power systems. Many techniques have been proposed in the literature for evaluating and predicting voltage stability using steady state analysis methods. In this paper, P-V and Q-V curves have been generated for a 57 bus Patiala Rajpura circle of India. The power-flow program is developed in MATLAB using Newton-Raphson method. Using Q-V curves, the weakest bus of the power system and the maximum reactive power change permissible on that bus is calculated. STATCOMs are placed on the weakest bus to improve the voltage and hence voltage stability and also the power transmission capability of the line. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20stability" title="voltage stability">voltage stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20power" title=" reactive power"> reactive power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20flow" title=" power flow"> power flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weakest%20bus" title=" weakest bus"> weakest bus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STATCOM" title=" STATCOM"> STATCOM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3097/voltage-stability-assessment-and-enhancement-using-statcom-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20stability&page=1" rel="prev">‹</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20stability&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20stability&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20stability&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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