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id="toc-Battle_of_the_Somme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_the_Somme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Battle of the Somme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_the_Somme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battles_of_1918" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battles_of_1918"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Battles of 1918</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battles_of_1918-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Rawlinson,_1._Baron_Rawlinson" title="Henry Rawlinson, 1. Baron Rawlinson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henry Rawlinson, 1. Baron Rawlinson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="هنری سیمور راولینسون، اولین بارون راولینسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنری سیمور راولینسون، اولین بارون راولینسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Rawlinson_(1er_baron_Rawlinson)" title="Henry Rawlinson (1er baron Rawlinson) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henry Rawlinson (1er baron Rawlinson)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Rawlinson,_I_barone_Rawlinson" title="Henry Rawlinson, I barone Rawlinson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Henry Rawlinson, I barone Rawlinson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F,_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F" title="הנרי רולינסון, ברון רולינסון הראשון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנרי רולינסון, ברון רולינסון הראשון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="هينرى راولينسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هينرى راولينسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Rawlinson_(baron)" title="Henry Rawlinson (baron) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Henry Rawlinson (baron)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80" title="Роулинсон, Генри Сеймур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Роулинсон, Генри Сеймур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Rawlinson_(kenraali)" title="Henry Rawlinson (kenraali) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Henry Rawlinson (kenraali)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Rawlinson,_1:e_baron_Rawlinson" title="Henry Rawlinson, 1:e baron Rawlinson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henry Rawlinson, 1:e baron Rawlinson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Генрі Сеймур Роулінсон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Генрі Сеймур Роулінсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q958348#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British Army general (1864–1925)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with his father, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet">Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet</a>, a British diplomat and orientalist.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">The Lord Rawlinson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson_in_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Henry_Rawlinson%2C_1st_Baron_Rawlinson_in_1916.jpg/220px-Henry_Rawlinson%2C_1st_Baron_Rawlinson_in_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Henry_Rawlinson%2C_1st_Baron_Rawlinson_in_1916.jpg/330px-Henry_Rawlinson%2C_1st_Baron_Rawlinson_in_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Henry_Rawlinson%2C_1st_Baron_Rawlinson_in_1916.jpg/440px-Henry_Rawlinson%2C_1st_Baron_Rawlinson_in_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="902" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Rawlinson in 1916</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1864-02-20</span>)</span>20 February 1864<br />Trent Manor, <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">28 March 1925<span style="display:none">(1925-03-28)</span> (aged 61)<br /><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1884–1925</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Royal_Rifle_Corps" title="King's Royal Rifle Corps">King's Royal Rifle Corps</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coldstream_Guards" title="Coldstream Guards">Coldstream Guards</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_India" title="Commander-in-Chief, India">Commander-in-Chief, India</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aldershot_Command" title="Aldershot Command">Aldershot Command</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Second Army (United Kingdom)">Second Army</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Fourth Army (United Kingdom)">Fourth Army</a><br /><a href="/wiki/First_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="First Army (United Kingdom)">First Army</a><br /><a href="/wiki/IV_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="IV Corps (United Kingdom)">IV Corps</a><br /><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">4th Division</a><br /><a href="/wiki/3rd_Mechanised_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Mechanised Division (United Kingdom)">3rd Division</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="2nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">2nd Infantry Brigade</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Staff_College,_Camberley" title="Staff College, Camberley">Staff College, Camberley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">Mahdist War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India">Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order">Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George">Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_Despatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentioned in Despatches">Mentioned in Despatches</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> <b>Henry Seymour Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">GCB</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India">GCSI</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order">GCVO</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George">KCMG</a></span></span> (20 February 1864 – 28 March 1925), known as <b>Sir Henry Rawlinson, 2nd Baronet</b> between 1895 and 1919, was a senior <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> officer in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> who commanded the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Fourth Army (United Kingdom)">Fourth Army</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War I)">the British Expeditionary Force</a> at the battles of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Somme</a> (1916) and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)" title="Battle of Amiens (1918)">Amiens</a> (1918) as well as the breaking of the <a href="/wiki/Hindenburg_Line" title="Hindenburg Line">Hindenburg Line</a> (1918). He commanded the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">Indian Army</a> from 1920 to 1925. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rawlinson was born at <a href="/wiki/Trent,_Dorset" title="Trent, Dorset">Trent</a> Manor in <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a> on 20 February 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet">Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet</a>, was an Army officer, and a renowned <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> scholar who is generally recognised as the father of <a href="/wiki/Assyriology" title="Assyriology">Assyriology</a>. His mother was Louisa Caroline Harcourt Seymour (1828-1889). He received his early formal education at <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_military_career">Early military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After passing through commissioned officer training at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College,_Sandhurst" title="Royal Military College, Sandhurst">Royal Military College, Sandhurst</a>, Rawlinson entered the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)">lieutenant</a> in the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Royal_Rifle_Corps" title="King's Royal Rifle Corps">King's Royal Rifle Corps</a> in India on 6 February 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father arranged for him to serve on the staff of a friend, General <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Sir Frederick Roberts</a>, the commander-in-chief in India. Rawlinson and the Roberts family remained close friends throughout his life. When Roberts died in November 1914, Rawlinson wrote, "I feel as if I have lost my second father."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first military experience was serving in <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> during the 1886 uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-lh_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_service">Colonial service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1889, Rawlinson's mother died<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he returned to Britain. He transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Coldstream_Guards" title="Coldstream Guards">Coldstream Guards</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lh_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">captain</a> on 4 November 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the <a href="/wiki/Staff_College,_Camberley" title="Staff College, Camberley">Staff College, Camberley</a> from 1893 to 1895, which brought him into contact with <a href="/wiki/Julian_Byng,_1st_Viscount_Byng_of_Vimy" title="Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy">Julian Byng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aylmer_Haldane" title="Aylmer Haldane">Aylmer Haldane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Snow_(British_Army_officer)" title="Thomas Snow (British Army officer)">Thomas Snow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Hamilton" title="Hubert Hamilton">Hubert Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton-Gordon_(British_Army_officer,_born_1859)" title="Alexander Hamilton-Gordon (British Army officer, born 1859)">Alexander Hamilton-Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Launcelot_Kiggell" title="Launcelot Kiggell">Launcelot Kiggell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Wilson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet">Henry Wilson</a>, all of whom would rise to high rank in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served on Major General <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Herbert Kitchener</a>'s staff during the advance on <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Omdurman" title="Battle of Omdurman">Omdurman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> in 1898, and was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">major</a> on 25 January 1899<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">brevet</a> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">lieutenant colonel</a> on 26 January 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rawlinson served with distinction in a field command in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> from 1899 to 1902, earning promotion to the local rank of <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Colonel (United Kingdom)">colonel</a> on 6 May 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was in <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Western Transvaal</a> during early 1902, and led a column taking part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rooiwal" title="Battle of Rooiwal">Battle of Rooiwal</a>, the last battle of the war (11 April 1902).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the end of hostilities in June 1902, he returned to the United Kingdom together with Lord Kitchener on board the <i>SS Orotava</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which arrived in <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> on 12 July.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_despatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentioned in despatches">despatch</a> dated 23 June 1902, Lord Kitchener wrote of Rawlinson that he "possesses the qualities of Staff Officer and Column Commander in the field. His characteristics will always ensure him a front place in whatever he sets his mind to."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For his service in the war, Rawlinson was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of the Bath">Companion of the Order of the Bath</a> in the April 1901 South Africa Honours list (the award was dated to 29 November 1900<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and he received the actual decoration after his return home, from <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> at <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> on 24 October 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rawlinson had received the brevet rank of colonel in the South Africa Honours list published on 26 June 1902,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was promoted to the substantive rank of colonel on 1 April 1903,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and named as commandant of the <a href="/wiki/Staff_College,_Camberley" title="Staff College, Camberley">Army Staff College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lh_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staff_College">Staff College</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Staff College"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rawlinson was the first of three reforming commandants who transformed the Staff College into a real war school. The curriculum was modernised and updated, the teaching given a new sense of purpose and instructors became 'directing staff' rather than 'professors', emphasising practicality. Major Godwin-Austen, historian of the college, wrote: "Blessed with an extremely attractive personality, a handsome appearance, high social standing, and more than an average share of this world's goods, he was one to inspire his students unconsciously to follow in his footsteps."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Promoted to temporary <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">brigadier general</a> on 1 March 1907,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was made commander of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="2nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">2nd Infantry Brigade</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aldershot_Command" title="Aldershot Command">Aldershot</a> that year and, having been promoted to <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major general (United Kingdom)">major general</a> on 10 May 1909,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he became <a href="/wiki/General_officer_commanding" title="General officer commanding">general officer commanding</a> (GOC) of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd (United Kingdom) Division">3rd Division</a> in June 1910, in succession to Major General <a href="/wiki/William_Franklyn_(British_Army_officer)" title="William Franklyn (British Army officer)">William Franklyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lh_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In manoeuvres in June 1912, he showed an appreciation of the use of artillery, the Times's correspondent noting approvingly: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>An operation of altogether unusual character took place yesterday on Salisbury Plain when Major-General Sir Henry Rawlinson's 3rd Division practised combined field firing on a scale, which, so far as the writer can recall, has never been attempted before.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The historians Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson praise Rawlinson's foresight in considering combining infantry with the fire-power of machine-guns and artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After handing over the division to his successor, Major General <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Hamilton" title="Hubert Hamilton">Hubert Hamilton</a>, in May 1914 Rawlinson went on leave, returning on the outbreak of war to briefly serve as director of recruiting at the War Office.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_World_War">First World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Front">Western Front</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Western Front"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1914 Rawlinson was appointed General Officer Commanding <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">4th Division</a> in France.<sup id="cite_ref-lh_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Promoted to temporary <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-general">lieutenant-general</a> on 4 October 1914,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he then took command of the <a href="/wiki/IV_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="IV Corps (United Kingdom)">IV Corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lh_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late September, the Belgian government formally requested British military assistance in <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1914)">defending Antwerp</a>. IV Corps, acting under orders from the Cabinet, was chosen to reinforce the city. Rawlinson arrived in Antwerp on 6 October.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was soon obvious that the combined British, Belgian, and French forces were too weak to hold the city, and Kitchener decided on an evacuation two days later.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IV Corps and the remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Army_order_of_battle_(1914)" title="Belgian Army order of battle (1914)">Belgian Army</a> successfully re-joined Allied forces in Western Belgium, with the Cabinet returning Rawlinson's Corps to <a href="/wiki/John_French,_1st_Earl_of_Ypres" title="John French, 1st Earl of Ypres">Sir John French</a>'s command.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IV Corps marched into <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a> on the night of 13–14 October, where the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War I)">BEF</a>, advancing northwards, was preparing to <a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">meet the German Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located at the centre of the British line, IV Corps met the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">main thrust of the German attacks</a> between 18 and 27 October and suffered heavy casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 October, IV Corps was put under the temporary command of <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig" title="Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig">Douglas Haig</a> while Rawlinson went to England to oversee the preparation of <a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="8th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">8th Division</a>. When he returned in November the German attacks on Ypres had died down.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rawlinson wrote to the Conservative politician <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_17th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby">Lord Derby</a> (24 December 1914) forecasting that the Allies would win a war of attrition but it was unclear whether this would take one, two or three years.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1915, IV Corps formed part of the First Army (General Douglas Haig). At the battle of Neuve Chapelle (10–12 March 1915), he massed 340 guns. The weight of this bombardment on a comparatively narrow front enabled the attackers to secure the village and 1,600 yd (1,500 m) of the German front line. The arrival of German reinforcements prevented further advance. Rawlinson concluded that an enemy's line of trenches could be broken 'with suitable artillery preparation' combined with secrecy.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also drew a lesson, that trench warfare called for limited advances: 'What I want to do now is what I call "Bite & Hold" – bite off a piece of the enemy's line like Neuve Chapelle & hold it against all counter-attacks...there ought to be no difficulty in holding against the enemy's counterattacks & inflicting on him at least twice the loss that we have suffered in making the bite'.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of 1915, Rawlinson was considered for command of the <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="First Army (United Kingdom)">First Army</a>, in succession to Haig but the command was instead given to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Carmichael_Monro" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Carmichael Monro">Sir Charles Monro</a>. He was promoted to temporary <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">general</a> on 22 December 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 1 January 1916,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rawlinson assumed command of the new <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Fourth Army (United Kingdom)">Fourth Army</a> on 24 January 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fourth Army would play a major role in the planned Allied offensive on the <a href="/wiki/Somme_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Somme River">Somme</a>. He wrote in his diary: "It is not the lot of many men to command an army of over half a million men".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Somme was originally conceived as a joint Anglo-French offensive but owing to the demands of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a>, French participation was greatly reduced, leaving the British, and especially Rawlinson's inexperienced army, to bear the brunt of the offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the eve of the offensive, he "showed an attitude of absolute confidence".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To his diary he confided some uncertainties: "What the actual results will be no one can say but I feel pretty confident of success myself though only after heavy fighting. That the bosh [sic] will break and that a debacle will supervene I do not believe..." He was not satisfied that the wire was well cut and enemy trenches sufficiently "knocked about".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_the_Somme">Battle of the Somme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Battle of the Somme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Sir_Henry_S_Rawlinson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/General_Sir_Henry_S_Rawlinson.jpg/220px-General_Sir_Henry_S_Rawlinson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/General_Sir_Henry_S_Rawlinson.jpg/330px-General_Sir_Henry_S_Rawlinson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/General_Sir_Henry_S_Rawlinson.jpg/440px-General_Sir_Henry_S_Rawlinson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>General Sir Henry Rawlinson, Bt, at <a href="/wiki/British_Fourth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="British Fourth Army">Fourth Army</a> HQ, Querrieu Château, July 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>The Somme offensive was launched on 1 July 1916. In English writing, attention has been paid to the first day, a British disaster for three of the five attacking corps, although the battle lasted 141 days against two German armies. On 1 July, British forces were repulsed by the Germans along most of the front north of the Albert–Bapaume road, suffering 57,000 casualties. The worst defeats were in front of <a href="/wiki/Pozi%C3%A8res" title="Pozières">Pozières</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thiepval" title="Thiepval">Thiepval</a>. By the afternoon Rawlinson was aware of much of the disaster but not of the casualties. By 3 July he knew 8,000 prisoners had been taken.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the Allied right, the British and French had more success. Here they had a better fire plan but limited objectives as a flank guard to a main advance further north. This was more in keeping with Rawlinson's idea of "bite and hold". There is no documentary evidence that the corps commander on the right (southern) British flank, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Walter_Congreve" title="Walter Congreve">Walter Congreve</a>, commanding <a href="/wiki/XIII_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XIII Corps (United Kingdom)">XIII Corps</a>, telephoned Rawlinson to ask permission to advance beyond his set objectives or to send in cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The principal causes of the defeat in the north were the skill of German defenders, the siting of their defences and the failure of the long and heavy preliminary artillery bombardment to destroy the German barbed wire and trenches, except in the southern sector where French heavy artillery assisted. It is not true that heavily laden British infantry were required to advance at a slow walk. The researches of the historians Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson have shown that the majority of battalions were out in No Man's Land before whistles blew.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was of no avail, except in the south, against skilful placing of German machine guns in enfilade positions and German artillery fire falling on British trenches to prevent reinforcements reaching the <a href="/wiki/36th_(Ulster)_Division" title="36th (Ulster) Division">36th (Ulster) Division</a>, who had penetrated the German position north of Thiepval. Rawlinson's 'Tactical Notes', initially drafted by his chief of staff Archie Montgomery, were not prescriptive, giving initiative to battalion commanders to choose their formations.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KGV_Rawlinson_Congreve_1916_IWM_Q_969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/KGV_Rawlinson_Congreve_1916_IWM_Q_969.jpg/220px-KGV_Rawlinson_Congreve_1916_IWM_Q_969.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/KGV_Rawlinson_Congreve_1916_IWM_Q_969.jpg/330px-KGV_Rawlinson_Congreve_1916_IWM_Q_969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/KGV_Rawlinson_Congreve_1916_IWM_Q_969.jpg/440px-KGV_Rawlinson_Congreve_1916_IWM_Q_969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Walter_Congreve" title="Walter Congreve">Walter Congreve</a> inspecting captured German trenches near <a href="/wiki/Fricourt" title="Fricourt">Fricourt</a> along with <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George V</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VIII of the United Kingdom">Prince of Wales</a>, General Sir Henry Rawlinson and Lieutenant Harding of the Royal Engineers in 1916.</figcaption></figure> <p>Haig told Rawlinson to exploit success in the south. Fourth Army fought its way forward towards the second German line atop the Bazentin Ridge. At first light on 14 July, following a night approach march, a two-day preparatory bombardment of over 375,000 shells and a five-minute intensive hurricane bombardment, the leading British attackers, some within 100 yd (91 m) of enemy lines attacked the German position. Nearly all first line objectives were taken. The Germans suffered 2,200 casualties and the British took 1,400 prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British were unable to exploit this success and a long period of difficult fighting followed. The Germans made excellent use of the woods on the battlefield, turning each into a strongpoint. Rawlinson mainly failed to intervene and coordinate attacks until late August and early September, when he massed guns and men, enabling brigades of the <a href="/wiki/16th_(Irish)_Division" title="16th (Irish) Division">16th (Irish) Division</a> to capture Guillemont village.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By late September, superior British artillery and better tactics enabled the British to achieve a striking success in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morval" title="Battle of Morval">Battle of Morval</a>. At the start of October, the rain and the temperature fell and the battlefield turned into a quagmire. The only late success was gained by the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Fifth Army (United Kingdom)">Fifth Army</a> (formerly Reserve Army, commanded by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Gough" title="Hubert Gough">Hubert Gough</a>) capturing Beaumont Hamel.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The results of the Somme remain in dispute; casualties on both sides were immense. There is evidence that the German Army suffered enormous damage from an increasingly effective British artillery aided by French and British air superiority over the battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The unprecedented English artillery fire on the Somme is filling the hospitals more than ever" wrote the wife of a German aristocrat.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rawlinson contributed to this in his awareness of guns and aircraft and his planning aided by his chief of staff for attacks on 14 July and 25 September. On and before 1 July and during most of August he has been criticised for giving insufficient direction and did not consistently assert control over subordinate commanders.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was cautious British optimism at the end of the Battle and General Sir Henry Wilson's felt that Haig could defeat Germany in 1917 by fighting "two Sommes at once", but that he should be told how much manpower was available and told to plan accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1917, Rawlinson was promoted to permanent <a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">general</a> "for distinguished service in the field".<sup id="cite_ref-LG_29_December_1916_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LG_29_December_1916-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a period in 1917–18, he also commanded the <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Second Army (United Kingdom)">Second Army</a>. In February 1918 he was appointed British Permanent Military Representative to the inter-Allied <a href="/wiki/Supreme_War_Council" title="Supreme War Council">Supreme War Council</a> at <a href="/wiki/Versailles_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles (city)">Versailles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battles_of_1918">Battles of 1918</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Battles of 1918"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hundred_Days_Offensive,_August-november_1918_Q9236.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_Hundred_Days_Offensive%2C_August-november_1918_Q9236.jpg/220px-The_Hundred_Days_Offensive%2C_August-november_1918_Q9236.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_Hundred_Days_Offensive%2C_August-november_1918_Q9236.jpg/330px-The_Hundred_Days_Offensive%2C_August-november_1918_Q9236.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_Hundred_Days_Offensive%2C_August-november_1918_Q9236.jpg/440px-The_Hundred_Days_Offensive%2C_August-november_1918_Q9236.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> congratulates General Sir Henry Rawlinson on the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)" title="Battle of Amiens (1918)">Battle of Amiens</a> at Molliens-au-Bois Chateau, the HQ of the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="33rd Infantry Division (United States)">U.S. 33rd Division</a>, August 12, 1918. The King was received at the Chateau by General <a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">John J. Pershing</a> and General <a href="/wiki/Tasker_H._Bliss" title="Tasker H. Bliss">Tasker H. Bliss</a> (both can be seen in the background), while Major General <a href="/wiki/George_Bell_Jr." title="George Bell Jr.">George Bell Jr.</a> can be seen next to Bliss.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 28 March 1918, Rawlinson took over Fifth Army from Hubert Gough, sacked in the wake of the German March offensive, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Michael" title="Operation Michael">Operation Michael</a>; his Fourth Army Staff joined him and Fifth Army became Fourth Army on 2 April. By this time the German Army's offensive had been checked, and the Allies were preparing a counter-offensive. Following the success of the <a href="/wiki/First_Australian_Imperial_Force" title="First Australian Imperial Force">Australian</a> attack at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hamel" title="Battle of Hamel">Le Hamel</a> on 4 July, Rawlinson proposed to Haig a larger attack, designed to force the Germans back from the city of <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> and further to damage the German Army's weakening morale. At lunch on 16 July Haig agreed, saying he had already proposed such an operation.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rawlinson had learned from his experiences on the Somme: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The immeasurable superiority of the planning for 8 August 1918 over that for 1 July 1916 testified to the distance the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War I)">BEF</a> had travelled in the interim."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The attack was to be on a relatively narrow front, with no prior bombardment and limited objectives. To ensure a breakthrough, Haig gave Rawlinson command of virtually the whole British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Tank_Regiment" title="Royal Tank Regiment">armoured forces</a>. By this stage of the war British manpower was severely depleted, and to achieve the breakthrough, the Fourth Army comprised four Canadian, five Australian, five British and two American divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BEF_commanders_and_chiefs_of_staff_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/BEF_commanders_and_chiefs_of_staff_1918.jpg/300px-BEF_commanders_and_chiefs_of_staff_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/BEF_commanders_and_chiefs_of_staff_1918.jpg/450px-BEF_commanders_and_chiefs_of_staff_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/BEF_commanders_and_chiefs_of_staff_1918.jpg/600px-BEF_commanders_and_chiefs_of_staff_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig" title="Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig">Sir Douglas Haig</a> with his army commanders and their chiefs of staff, November 1918. Front row, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Plumer,_1st_Viscount_Plumer" title="Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer">Sir Herbert Plumer</a>, Sir Douglas Haig, Sir Henry Rawlinson. Middle row, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Julian_Byng,_1st_Viscount_Byng_of_Vimy" title="Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy">Sir Julian Byng</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Birdwood,_1st_Baron_Birdwood" class="mw-redirect" title="William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood">Sir William Birdwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Horne,_1st_Baron_Horne" title="Henry Horne, 1st Baron Horne">Sir Henry Horne</a>. Back row, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Lawrence" title="Herbert Lawrence">Sir Herbert Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kavanagh" title="Charles Kavanagh">Sir Charles Kavanagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brudenell_White" title="Brudenell White">Brudenell White</a>, Percy, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vaughan" title="Louis Vaughan">Louis Vaughan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Montgomery-Massingberd" title="Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd">Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hastings_Anderson" title="Hastings Anderson">Hastings Anderson</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Allies achieved surprise and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)" title="Battle of Amiens (1918)">Battle of Amiens</a> proved a striking success. On 8 August, described by General <a href="/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff" title="Erich Ludendorff">Erich Ludendorff</a> as "the black day of the German Army", the Allies took 12,000 prisoners and captured 450 guns. The German and Allied commands were struck by the collapse in German morale and the high number of Germans surrendering without a fight.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Allies were still cautious about pressing their advantage too far and on 11 August Rawlinson advised Haig to halt the offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September, again commanding a mixed force of British, Australian and American divisions, Rawlinson participated in the breaking of the <a href="/wiki/Hindenburg_Line" title="Hindenburg Line">Hindenburg Line</a>, a major part of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a>. Initial planning was by <a href="/wiki/John_Monash" title="John Monash">John Monash</a>, the Australian commander, but Rawlinson broadened the front and gave him more tanks. The Allied attack was preceded by a massive artillery bombardment. Allied success was most striking in the centre where the <a href="/wiki/46th_(North_Midland)_Division" title="46th (North Midland) Division">46th (North Midland) Division</a> crossed the St Quentin Canal and stormed trenches beyond, advancing up to 3 mi (4.8 km) and taking over 5,300 prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fourth Army's advance continued in the Battles of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Selle" title="Battle of the Selle">Selle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sambre_(1918)" title="Battle of the Sambre (1918)">Sambre</a> and Oise Canal. In the Hundred Days, the Fourth Army had gained 85 mi (137 km), taking 80,000 prisoners and 1,100 guns.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_activities">Post-war activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-war activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rawlinson was bestowed with many honours in reward for his role in the First World War. He was made a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order">Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order</a> in 1917 and appointed a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George">Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George</a> 1918. In August 1919 the <a href="/wiki/Houses_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Houses of Parliament">Houses of Parliament</a> passed a vote of thanks to him for his military service, and awarded him the sum of £30,000 from the <a href="/wiki/Exchequer" title="Exchequer">Exchequer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-holmes_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holmes-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1919, he was raised to the <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peerage</a> as <b>Baron Rawlinson</b> of Trent in the <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">County of Dorset</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appointed a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gcb_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcb-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rawlinson was again called on to organise an evacuation, this time of the Allied forces that had been <a href="/wiki/North_Russia_Intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="North Russia Intervention">sent to Russia</a> to intervene in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lh_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1919, after returning to Britain, he succeeded General <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Murray" title="Archibald Murray">Sir Archibald Murray</a> as general officer commanding-in-chief (GOC-in-C) of <a href="/wiki/Aldershot_Command" title="Aldershot Command">Aldershot Command</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lh_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_Command">Indian Command</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Indian Command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1920, Rawlinson was made <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_India" title="Commander-in-Chief, India">Commander-in-Chief, India</a>. Winston Churchill as Secretary of State for War was instrumental in securing his appointment, over-riding a tradition that the post alternated between officers from the British and Indian Armies. He told Lloyd George that the post should go to the best qualified officer and that his military advisors "entirely supported my view that the best appointment we could make would be that of General Lord Rawlinson".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He held the post until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-lh_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lh-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He faced severe challenges. Brigadier <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Dyer" title="Reginald Dyer">Reginald Dyer</a>'s ordering his men to shoot at a crowd at Amritsar, killing 387 unarmed Indians, left a deep legacy of bitterness.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd Afghan War had ended, but there was continued fighting in Waziristan. A hugely expanded army faced postwar demobilisation and continued cost of modernisation. The new commander-in-chief was expected to introduce a measure of "Indianisation", giving commissions to Indians. Under the system of Dyarchy, Indians, generally opposed to military expenditure, took a share in government and Rawlinson would have to justify army budgets. The Moplah Rebellion of 1921 brought widespread disorder. When <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a> launched the movement of non-cooperation with the British on 1 August 1920, he wished to avoid popular violence, but in 1922 the campaign degenerated: a crowd attacked a police station at Chauri Chaura, set fire to the building and 22 or 23 policemen were burnt to death or hacked down by the crowd. Gandhi cancelled the campaign, but he and other leaders of the resistance were arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rawlinson certainly began his command believing that the Army would have to maintain order. On 15 July, he complained that: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Unless we, as a government, are prepared to act vigorously and take strong measures to combat the insidious propaganda of the extremists we are bound to have something very like rebellion in India before long... You say what you like about not holding India by the sword, but you have held it by the sword for 100 years and when you give up the sword you will be turned out. You must keep the sword ready to hand and in case of trouble or rebellion use it relentlessly. <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Montagu" title="Edwin Montagu">Montagu</a> calls it terrorism, so it is and in dealing with natives of all classes you have to use terrorism whether you like it or not.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>John Newsinger argues that "there is no doubt that the great majority of the British in India, soldiers, officials, civilians, agreed with Rawlinson on this. A few months later he noted in his journal that he "was determined to fight for the white community against any black sedition or rebellion", and, if necessary, "be the next Dyer".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, with Gandhi temporarily behind bars and increasing economic stability as the 1920s advanced, Rawlinson had the scope to reduce the Army's strength, modernise its equipment and work closely with Viceroys Chelmsford and Reading to try to make dyarchy a success. In Waziristan, the British and Indian Field Force backed by aircraft put an end to the fighting, built roads and established a brigade base at Razmak.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rawlinson announced a scheme of "Indianisation" to the Legislative Assembly on 17 February 1923. Its aim, he said, was to "give Indians a fair opportunity of providing that units officered by Indians will be efficient in every way". The Prince of Wales' Royal Indian Military College was founded at <a href="/wiki/Dehra_Dun" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehra Dun">Dehra Dun</a> in 1922, run on English public school lines, to encourage potential officer candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1924, Rawlinson was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India">Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of his Indian command, he had reduced the Indian army in numbers and cost, but improved firepower, mobility and training. In financial matters he had been hugely helped by Sir Bhupendra Mitra, who had financial details "at his finger's ends".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had been appointed to succeed Lord Cavan as CIGS when he left India.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rawlinson died on 28 March 1925 at the age of 61 at <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> in India, after a medical operation for a stomach ailment, although not long before the operation he had played <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> and seemed fit and well.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His body was carried back to England on the SS <i>Assaye</i>, which was met on reaching the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> by <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Champlain_(1919)" title="HMCS Champlain (1919)">a Royal Navy destroyer</a>, onto which the coffin was transferred, then carried into <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Harbour" title="Portsmouth Harbour">Portsmouth Harbour</a>, being met at the South Jetty by a military ceremonial receiving party.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rawlinson was buried in the chapel of St Michael and St George in the north transept of St Andrew's Church, <a href="/wiki/Trent,_Dorset" title="Trent, Dorset">Trent</a>, in the county of <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rawlinson was a gifted watercolour artist. In March 1920, he and Winston Churchill enjoyed a painting holiday together on the French estate of <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Grosvenor,_2nd_Duke_of_Westminster" title="Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster">the Duke of Westminster</a>. "The General paints in water colours and does it very well," wrote Churchill. "With all my enormous paraphernalia, I have produced very indifferent results here."<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married Meredith Sophia Francis Kennard (1861–1931) at St Paul's Church, <a href="/wiki/Knightsbridge" title="Knightsbridge">Knightsbridge</a>, London on 5 November 1890, the marriage producing no children. On Henry Rawlinson's death the baronetcy passed to his brother <a href="/wiki/Sir_Alfred_Rawlinson,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Alfred Rawlinson, 3rd Baronet">Alfred Rawlinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-holmes_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holmes-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British">British</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: British"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) - 14 July 1917<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (KCVO: 15 August 1916;<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CVO: 30 June 1905<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (KCMG) – 1 January 1918<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) – 1 January 1919<sup id="cite_ref-gcb_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcb-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (KCB: 18 February 1915;<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CB: 1902)</li> <li>Baron Rawlinson, of Trent in the County of Dorset – 31 October 1919<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India – 1 January 1924<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Grand Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> of France – 24 February 1916<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Danilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Danilo">Order of Danilo</a>, 1st Class of the Kingdom of Montenegro – 31 October 1916<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Obilitch Medal in Gold of the Kingdom of Montenegro – 21 April 1917<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._George" title="Order of St. George">Order of St. George</a>, 4th Class of the Empire of Russia – 1 June 1917<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Officer_of_the_Order_of_Leopold" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Officer of the Order of Leopold">Grand Officer of the Order of Leopold</a> of Belgium – 26 July 1917<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Cross_(Belgium)" class="mw-redirect" title="War Cross (Belgium)">Croix de Guerre</a> of Belgium – 11 March 1918<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix_de_Guerre" title="Croix de Guerre">Croix de Guerre</a> of France – 11 March 1919<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Distinguished Service Medal">Army Distinguished Service Medal</a> of the United States – 12 July 1919<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35690">"Rawlinson, Henry Seymour, Baron Rawlinson"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F35690">10.1093/ref:odnb/35690</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rawlinson%2C+Henry+Seymour%2C+Baron+Rawlinson&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F35690&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-35690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. G. Pine, The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971: Containing Extinct, Abeyant, Dormant and Suspended Peerages With Genealogies and Arms (London, U.K.: Heraldry Today, 1972), page 227. Hereinafter cited as The New Extinct Peerage.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette25315" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/25315/page/535">"No. 25315"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 5 February 1884. p. 535.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+25315&rft.pages=535&rft.date=1884-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F25315%2Fpage%2F535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood" class="citation book cs1">Atwood. <i>General Lord Rawlinson</i>. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lord+Rawlinson&rft.pages=8&rft.au=Atwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood2018" class="citation book cs1">Atwood, Rodney (2018). <i>General Lord Rawlinson: from Tragedy to Triumph</i>. London: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-4698-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-4698-9"><bdi>978-1-4742-4698-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lord+Rawlinson%3A+from+Tragedy+to+Triumph&rft.place=London&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4742-4698-9&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lh-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lh_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lh_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lh_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lh_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lh_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lh_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lh_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lh_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lh_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/RAWLINSON.shtml">Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood" class="citation book cs1">Atwood. <i>General Lord Rawlinson</i>. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lord+Rawlinson&rft.pages=13&rft.au=Atwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood" class="citation book cs1">Atwood. <i>General Lord Rawlinson</i>. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lord+Rawlinson&rft.pages=15&rft.au=Atwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette26226" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/26226/page/6231">"No. 26226"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 24 November 1891. p. 6231.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+26226&rft.pages=6231&rft.date=1891-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F26226%2Fpage%2F6231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood" class="citation book cs1">Atwood. <i>General Lord Rawlinson</i>. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lord+Rawlinson&rft.pages=15&rft.au=Atwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27048" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27048/page/720">"No. 27048"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 3 February 1899. p. 720.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27048&rft.pages=720&rft.date=1899-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27048%2Fpage%2F720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27048" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27048/page/722">"No. 27048"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 3 February 1899. p. 722.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27048&rft.pages=722&rft.date=1899-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27048%2Fpage%2F722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27325" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27325/page/4187">"No. 27325"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 21 June 1901. p. 4187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27325&rft.pages=4187&rft.date=1901-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27325%2Fpage%2F4187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27455" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27455/page/4589">"No. 27455"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 18 July 1902. p. 4589.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27455&rft.pages=4589&rft.date=1902-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27455%2Fpage%2F4589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Army in South Africa – Troops returning home". <i>The Times</i>. No. 36804. London. 26 June 1902. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Army+in+South+Africa+%E2%80%93+Troops+returning+home&rft.issue=36804&rft.pages=p.-10&rft.date=1902-06-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Lord Kitchener′s return". <i>The Times</i>. No. 36819. London. 14 July 1902. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Lord+Kitchener%E2%80%B2s+return&rft.issue=36819&rft.pages=p.-6&rft.date=1902-07-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27459" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27459/page/4835">"No. 27459"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 29 July 1902. pp. 4835–4837.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27459&rft.pages=4835-4837&rft.date=1902-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27459%2Fpage%2F4835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27306" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27306/page/2697">"No. 27306"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 19 April 1901. p. 2697.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27306&rft.pages=2697&rft.date=1901-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27306%2Fpage%2F2697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Court Circular". <i>The Times</i>. No. 36908. London. 25 October 1902. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Court+Circular&rft.issue=36908&rft.pages=p.-8&rft.date=1902-10-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27448" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27448/supplement/4191">"No. 27448"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 26 June 1902. pp. 4191–4193.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27448&rft.pages=4191-4193&rft.date=1902-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27448%2Fsupplement%2F4191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27549" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27549/page/2843">"No. 27549"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 5 May 1903. p. 2843.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27549&rft.pages=2843&rft.date=1903-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27549%2Fpage%2F2843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brevet-Major A.R. Godwin-Austen, The Staff and the Staff College. London, Constable, 1927, p. 235;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Bond, The Victorian Army and the Staff College, 1854–1914. London, Eyre Methuen, 1972, pp. 196–199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette28002" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28002/page/1740">"No. 28002"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 8 March 1907. p. 1740.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+28002&rft.pages=1740&rft.date=1907-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F28002%2Fpage%2F1740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette28252" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28252/page/3763">"No. 28252"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 18 May 1909. p. 3763.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+28252&rft.pages=3763&rft.date=1909-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F28252%2Fpage%2F3763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette28381" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28381/page/3883">"No. 28381"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 3 June 1910. p. 3883.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+28381&rft.pages=3883&rft.date=1910-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F28381%2Fpage%2F3883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Combined Field Firing', The Times 28 June 1912, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robin Prior & Trevor Wilson, Command on the Western Front: The Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson 1914–1918 (Barnsley, Pen & Sword, 2004), p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Beckett" class="citation book cs1">Beckett, Ian; Corvi, Steven (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GBjGTD7NJgAC&pg=PA166"><i>Haig's Generals</i></a>. Casemate Publishers. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844151691" title="Special:BookSources/9781844151691"><bdi>9781844151691</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haig%27s+Generals&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Casemate+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781844151691&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Corvi%2C+Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGBjGTD7NJgAC%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette28935" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28935/page/8135">"No. 28935"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 13 October 1914. p. 8135.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+28935&rft.pages=8135&rft.date=1914-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F28935%2Fpage%2F8135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassar2004" class="citation book cs1">Cassar, George H. (2004). <i>Kitchener's War: British Strategy from 1914 to 1916</i>. United States: Potomac Books. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781574887099" title="Special:BookSources/9781574887099"><bdi>9781574887099</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kitchener%27s+War%3A+British+Strategy+from+1914+to+1916&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781574887099&rft.aulast=Cassar&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood" class="citation book cs1">Atwood. <i>General Lord Rawlinson</i>. p. 94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lord+Rawlinson&rft.pages=94&rft.au=Atwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassar2004" class="citation book cs1">Cassar (2004). <i>Kitchener's War</i>. p. 109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kitchener%27s+War&rft.pages=109&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Cassar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood" class="citation book cs1">Atwood. <i>General Lord Rawlinson</i>. pp. 95–96.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lord+Rawlinson&rft.pages=95-96&rft.au=Atwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood" class="citation book cs1">Atwood. <i>General Lord Rawlinson</i>. pp. 97–100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lord+Rawlinson&rft.pages=97-100&rft.au=Atwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood" class="citation book cs1">Atwood. <i>General Lord Rawlinson</i>. p. 101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lord+Rawlinson&rft.pages=101&rft.au=Atwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeffery 2006, p139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robin Prior & Trevor Wilson, Command on the Western Front: the Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson 1914–1918 (Pen & Sword Books, Barnsley, 2004), p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood" class="citation book cs1">Atwood. <i>General Lord Rawlinson</i>. p. 95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lord+Rawlinson&rft.pages=95&rft.au=Atwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29433" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29433/supplement/437">"No. 29433"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 10 January 1916. p. 437.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29433&rft.pages=437&rft.date=1916-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29433%2Fsupplement%2F437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29438" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29438/supplement/568">"No. 29438"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 14 January 1916. p. 568.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29438&rft.pages=568&rft.date=1916-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29438%2Fsupplement%2F568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prior & Wilson 2003, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Middlebrook, <i>The First Day on the Somme</i>, Allen Lane, 1971, p78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Middlebrook, 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Middlebrook, 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodney Atwood, 'Rawlinson on the Somme, 'Centenary Perspectives on the Great War: Society for Army Historical Research Commemorative Special Publication on the First World War p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Middlebrook, 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, 'Rawlinson on the Somme', p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Middlebrook, 213, 226, 291</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, 'Rawlinson on the Somme', p.91note111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robin Prior & Trevor Wilson The Somme (London, 2005), pp. 112–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, 'Rawlinson on the Somme', p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T.R. Moreman, 'The Dawn Assault – Friday 14th July 1916,' Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, vol LXXI, no. 287 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 180–204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, pp.97-100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, pp. 157–158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.P. Harris, 'Douglas Haig and the First World War' (Cambridge, 2008), p.p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Princess Evelyn Blucher, An English Wife in Berlin (London, 1920), p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robin Prior & Trevor Wilson, 'Command on the Western Front: the Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson 1914–1918 (Barnsley, 2004), Part IV, "The Somme", pp. 137–260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Major General C.E. Callwell, 'Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: His Life and Diaries (2 vols. London, 1927), pp. 296–297 quoting his diary of 14 November 1916.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LG_29_December_1916-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LG_29_December_1916_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29886" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29886/supplement/15">"No. 29886"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 29 December 1916. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29886&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1916-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29886%2Fsupplement%2F15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/rawlinson.htm">"Sir Henry Rawlinson"</a>. First World War<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+Henry+Rawlinson&rft.pub=First+World+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstworldwar.com%2Fbio%2Frawlinson.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Stevenson, <i>With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918</i>, Allen Lane 2011, 119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevenson, 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevenson, 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevenson, 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, pp. 189–191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-holmes-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-holmes_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-holmes_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holmesacourt.org/hac/2/2686.htm">"Biographical entry for Baron Henry Seymour Rawlinson"</a>. Holmes A-Court family history. 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographical+entry+for+Baron+Henry+Seymour+Rawlinson&rft.pub=Holmes+A-Court+family+history&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holmesacourt.org%2Fhac%2F2%2F2686.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette31624" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31624/page/13255">"No. 31624"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 31 October 1919. p. 13255.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+31624&rft.pages=13255&rft.date=1919-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F31624%2Fpage%2F13255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gcb-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gcb_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcb_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette31092" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31092/supplement/1">"No. 31092"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 1 January 1919. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+31092&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1919-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F31092%2Fsupplement%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette31654" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31654/supplement/14278">"No. 31654"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 21 November 1919. p. 14278.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+31654&rft.pages=14278&rft.date=1919-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F31654%2Fsupplement%2F14278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Archives, WO31/15353, 'Appointment of Lord Rawlinson'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Mount" title="Ferdinand Mount">Ferdinand Mount</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrb.co.uk/v41/n07/ferdinand-mount/they-would-have-laughed">"They would have laughed"</a>, in <i>London Review of Books</i> dated 4 April 2019, Vol. 41, No.7, pp 9–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobsen, Rawlinson in India, pp. pp. xxi–xxiv and 1–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewsinger2006" class="citation book cs1">Newsinger, John (2006). <i>The Blood Never Dried: A People's History of the British Empire</i>. Bookmarks Publications. pp. 113–114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1905192120" title="Special:BookSources/978-1905192120"><bdi>978-1905192120</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blood+Never+Dried%3A+A+People%27s+History+of+the+British+Empire&rft.pages=113-114&rft.pub=Bookmarks+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1905192120&rft.aulast=Newsinger&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsen2002" class="citation book cs1">Jacobsen, M (2002). <i>Rawlinson in India</i>. Stroud. pp. 12, 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0750931410" title="Special:BookSources/978-0750931410"><bdi>978-0750931410</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rawlinson+in+India&rft.pages=12%2C+16&rft.pub=Stroud&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0750931410&rft.aulast=Jacobsen&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Robson, Crisis on the Frontier: The Third Afghan War and the Campaign in Waziristan 1919–1920 (Staplehurst, 2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, pp. 224–225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette32893" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32893/supplement/1">"No. 32893"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 1 January 1924. pp. 1–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+32893&rft.pages=1-10&rft.date=1924-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F32893%2Fsupplement%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurice, Life of General Lord Rawlinson, pp. 328 & 330–331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobsen, Rawlinson in India, p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times, 28 March 1925, p. 12. 'Death of Lord Rawlinson. Sudden collapse after operation.'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/1925-PORTSMOUTH-The-Body-Of-General-Lord-Rawlinson-Arrives-On-A-Destroyer/222999538773?hash=item33ebceec55:g:nJUAAOSwDPNbD-A5:rk:6:pf:0">"Newspaper clipping showing the scene of the casket's arrival at Portsmouth"</a>. 1925.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newspaper+clipping+showing+the+scene+of+the+casket%27s+arrival+at+Portsmouth&rft.date=1925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebay.co.uk%2Fitm%2F1925-PORTSMOUTH-The-Body-Of-General-Lord-Rawlinson-Arrives-On-A-Destroyer%2F222999538773%3Fhash%3Ditem33ebceec55%3Ag%3AnJUAAOSwDPNbD-A5%3Ark%3A6%3Apf%3A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorset-churches.org.uk/trent.html">"St. Andrew's Church, Trent"</a>. Dorset Churches. 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Andrew%27s+Church%2C+Trent&rft.pub=Dorset+Churches&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dorset-churches.org.uk%2Ftrent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atwood, General Lord Rawlinson, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood2018" class="citation book cs1">Atwood, Rodney (2018). <i>General Lord Rawlinson: From Tragedy to Triumph</i>. London: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-4698-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-4698-9"><bdi>978-1-4742-4698-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Lord+Rawlinson%3A+From+Tragedy+to+Triumph&rft.place=London&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4742-4698-9&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette30216" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30216/page/7912">"No. 30216"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 3 August 1917. p. 7912.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+30216&rft.pages=7912&rft.date=1917-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30216%2Fpage%2F7912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29711" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29711/page/8149">"No. 29711"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 18 August 1916. p. 8149.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29711&rft.pages=8149&rft.date=1916-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29711%2Fpage%2F8149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27811" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27811/supplement/4550">"No. 27811"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 30 June 1905. p. 4550.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27811&rft.pages=4550&rft.date=1905-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27811%2Fsupplement%2F4550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette13186" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/13186/page/9">"No. 13186"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Edinburgh_Gazette" title="The Edinburgh Gazette">The Edinburgh Gazette</a></i>. 1 January 1918. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Edinburgh+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+13186&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1918-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FEdinburgh%2Fissue%2F13186%2Fpage%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29074" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29074/supplement/1686">"No. 29074"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 18 February 1915. p. 1686.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29074&rft.pages=1686&rft.date=1915-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29074%2Fsupplement%2F1686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette31624" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31624/page/13255">"No. 31624"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 31 October 1919. p. 13255.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+31624&rft.pages=13255&rft.date=1919-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F31624%2Fpage%2F13255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette32893" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32893/supplement/1">"No. 32893"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 1 January 1924. pp. 1–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+32893&rft.pages=1-10&rft.date=1924-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F32893%2Fsupplement%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29486" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29486/supplement/2065">"No. 29486"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 24 February 1916. p. 2065.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29486&rft.pages=2065&rft.date=1916-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29486%2Fsupplement%2F2065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29977" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29977/supplement/2448">"No. 29977"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 9 March 1917. p. 2448.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29977&rft.pages=2448&rft.date=1917-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29977%2Fsupplement%2F2448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette30030" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30030/supplement/3826">"No. 30030"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 21 April 1917. p. 3826.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+30030&rft.pages=3826&rft.date=1917-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30030%2Fsupplement%2F3826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette30108" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30108/supplement/5433">"No. 30108"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 1 June 1917. p. 5433.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+30108&rft.pages=5433&rft.date=1917-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30108%2Fsupplement%2F5433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette30202" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30202/supplement/7590">"No. 30202"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 26 July 1917. p. 7590.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+30202&rft.pages=7590&rft.date=1917-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30202%2Fsupplement%2F7590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette30568" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30568/supplement/3097">"No. 30568"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 11 March 1918. p. 3097.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+30568&rft.pages=3097&rft.date=1918-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30568%2Fsupplement%2F3097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette13420" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/13420/page/1232">"No. 13420"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Edinburgh_Gazette" title="The Edinburgh Gazette">The Edinburgh Gazette</a></i>. 18 March 1919. p. 1232.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Edinburgh+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+13420&rft.pages=1232&rft.date=1919-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FEdinburgh%2Fissue%2F13420%2Fpage%2F1232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette13475" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/13475/page/2428">"No. 13475"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Edinburgh_Gazette" title="The Edinburgh Gazette">The Edinburgh Gazette</a></i>. 18 July 1919. p. 2428.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Edinburgh+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+13475&rft.pages=2428&rft.date=1919-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FEdinburgh%2Fissue%2F13475%2Fpage%2F2428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Atwood, Rodney, (2018) 'General Lord Rawlinson. From Tragedy to Triumph'. Bloomsbury Academic, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-4698-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-4698-9">978-1-4742-4698-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckettCorvi2006" class="citation book cs1">Beckett, Ian F. W.; Corvi, Steven J. (2006). <i>Haig's Generals</i>. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-169-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-169-1"><bdi>978-1-84415-169-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haig%27s+Generals&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Military&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84415-169-1&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=Ian+F.+W.&rft.au=Corvi%2C+Steven+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jacobsen, Mark, (2002) 'Rawlinson in India'. Publications of the Army Records Society Vol 19.Sutton Publishing, Stroud, Glos.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffery2006" class="citation book cs1">Jeffery, Keith (2006). <i>Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: A Political Soldier</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820358-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820358-2"><bdi>978-0-19-820358-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Field+Marshal+Sir+Henry+Wilson%3A+A+Political+Soldier&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-820358-2&rft.aulast=Jeffery&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Maurice, Major-General Sir Frederick (1928), <i>The Life of General Lord Rawlinson of Trent G.C.B., G.C.V.O., G.C.S.I., K.C.M.G.: From His Journals and Letters</i> Cassell, OCLC 924000844</li> <li>Prior, Robin (2004) <i>Command on the Western Front: The Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson 1914–1918</i> Leo Cooper, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84415-103-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84415-103-4">1-84415-103-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYockelson2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Yockelson" title="Mitchell Yockelson">Yockelson, Mitchell A.</a> (2008). <i>Borrowed Soldiers: Americans under British Command, 1918</i>. Foreword by John S. D. Eisenhower. University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3919-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3919-7"><bdi>978-0-8061-3919-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Borrowed+Soldiers%3A+Americans+under+British+Command%2C+1918&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-3919-7&rft.aulast=Yockelson&rft.aufirst=Mitchell+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Rawlinson, A. (1923) <i>Adventures in the Near East, 1918–1922</i> Andrew Melrose, OCLC 369625881</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeillands1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Neillands" title="Robin Neillands">Neillands, Robin</a> (1999). <i>The Great War Generals on the Western Front 1914–1918</i>. Robinson, 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1841190632" title="Special:BookSources/1841190632"><bdi>1841190632</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+War+Generals+on+the+Western+Front+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.pub=Robinson%2C+1999&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1841190632&rft.aulast=Neillands&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Rawlinson%2C+1st+Baron+Rawlinson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson">Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?search=ss&sText=Rawlinson&LinkID=mp03719">National Portrait Gallery</a> (13 portraits, 6 displayed)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/014222">Newspaper clippings about Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1822">The Papers of General Lord (Henry S) Rawlinson</a> held at <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Archives_Centre" title="Churchill Archives Centre">Churchill Archives Centre</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Miles" title="Herbert Miles">Herbert Miles</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Staff_College,_Camberley" title="Staff College, Camberley">Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley</a> </b><br />1903–1906 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Wilson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet">Henry Wilson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Franklyn_(British_Army_officer)" title="William Franklyn (British Army officer)">William Franklyn</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/3rd_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd (United Kingdom) Division">GOC 3rd Division</a> </b><br />1910–1914 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Hamilton" title="Hubert Hamilton">Hubert Hamilton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Snow_(British_Army_officer)" title="Thomas Snow (British Army officer)">Thomas Snow</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">GOC 4th Division</a> </b><br />September–October 1914 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuller_Maitland_Wilson" title="Henry Fuller Maitland Wilson">Henry Wilson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New post</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/IV_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="IV Corps (United Kingdom)">GOC IV Corps</a> </b><br />October 1914–December 1915 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Wilson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet">Sir Henry Wilson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig" title="Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig">Sir Douglas Haig</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="First Army (United Kingdom)">GOC First Army</a> </b><br />December 1915–February 1916 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Monro,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet">Sir Charles Monro</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New post</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Fourth Army (United Kingdom)">GOC Fourth Army</a> </b><br />February 1916–November 1917 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b><i>Position abolished</i> </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Plumer,_1st_Viscount_Plumer" title="Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer">Sir Herbert Plumer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Second Army (United Kingdom)">GOC Second Army</a><br /><small>(renamed <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Fourth Army (United Kingdom)">Fourth Army</a>, December 1917)</small> </b><br />November 1917–February 1918 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Birdwood" title="William Birdwood">Sir William Birdwood</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Gough" title="Hubert Gough">Sir Hubert Gough</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Fifth Army (United Kingdom)">GOC Fifth Army</a> </b><br />March 1918–March 1919 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sir Henry Rawlinson</a></div><i><b>as <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Fourth Army (United Kingdom)">GOC Fourth Army</a> </b></i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Murray" title="Archibald Murray">Sir Archibald Murray</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Aldershot_Command" title="Aldershot Command">GOC-in-C Aldershot Command</a> </b><br />1919–1920 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Lambart,_10th_Earl_of_Cavan" title="Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan">The Earl of Cavan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Monro,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet">Sir Charles Monro</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_India" title="Commander-in-Chief, India">C-in-C India</a> </b><br />1920–1925 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Claud_Jacob" title="Claud Jacob">Sir Claud Jacob</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_extant_baronetcies" title="List of extant baronetcies">Baronetage of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet">Henry Rawlinson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Rawlinson_Baronets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawlinson Baronets">Baronet</a><br /></b>(of North Walsham) <b><br /></b>1895–1925 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Alfred_Rawlinson,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Alfred Rawlinson, 3rd Baronet">Alfred Rawlinson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerage of the United Kingdom">Peerage of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Baron_Rawlinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Rawlinson">Baron Rawlinson</a> </b><br />1919–1925 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Extinct </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Lake,_1st_Viscount_Lake" title="Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graves_Simcoe" title="John Graves Simcoe">Simcoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Lake,_1st_Viscount_Lake" title="Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hewett_(British_Army_officer)" title="George Hewett (British Army officer)">Hewett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Champagn%C3%A9" title="Forbes Champagné">Champagné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Nugent,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Nugent, 1st Baronet">Nugent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rawdon-Hastings,_1st_Marquess_of_Hastings" title="Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings">Moira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Paget" title="Edward Paget">Paget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stapleton_Cotton,_1st_Viscount_Combermere" title="Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ramsay,_9th_Earl_of_Dalhousie" title="George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Barnes_(British_Army_officer)" title="Edward Barnes (British Army officer)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Watson_(British_Army_officer)" title="James Watson (British Army officer)">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fane_(British_Army_officer)" title="Henry Fane (British Army officer)">Fane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Nicolls" title="Jasper Nicolls">Nicolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gough,_1st_Viscount_Gough" title="Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough">Gough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Napier" title="Charles James Napier">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Maynard_Gomm" title="William Maynard Gomm">Gomm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Anson_(British_Army_officer,_born_1797)" title="George Anson (British Army officer, born 1797)">Anson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Grant_(Indian_Army_officer)" title="Patrick Grant (Indian Army officer)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Campbell,_1st_Baron_Clyde" title="Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde">Clyde</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/100px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/150px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/200px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Campbell,_1st_Baron_Clyde" title="Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde">Clyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Rose,_1st_Baron_Strathnairn" title="Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mansfield,_1st_Baron_Sandhurst" title="William Mansfield, 1st Baron Sandhurst">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Napier,_1st_Baron_Napier_of_Magdala" title="Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Haines" title="Frederick Haines">Haines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Donald_Stewart,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Donald Stewart, 1st Baronet">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(British_Army_officer)" title="George White (British Army officer)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Nairne" title="Charles Edward Nairne">Nairne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lockhart_(Indian_Army_officer)" title="William Lockhart (Indian Army officer)">Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Power_Palmer" title="Arthur Power Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Moore_Creagh" title="O'Moore Creagh">Creagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauchamp_Duff" title="Beauchamp Duff">Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Monro,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet">Monro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rawlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claud_Jacob" title="Claud Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Birdwood" title="William Birdwood">Birdwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Chetwode,_1st_Baron_Chetwode" title="Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode">Chetwode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cassels" title="Robert Cassels">Cassels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Auchinleck" title="Claude Auchinleck">Auchinleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Hartley" title="Alan Hartley">Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Auchinleck" title="Claude Auchinleck">Auchinleck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000063187213">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/45103733">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1428313/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkD84hb7tmkbRTMpMbrv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119076322">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91017801">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165066975">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165066975">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35951982">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810690223305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007271263905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1160237">Trove</a></span></li><li><span 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