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vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Mayors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breton_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breton_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Breton language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breton_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Research and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Twin towns – Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friendly_relationship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendly_relationship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Friendly relationship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendly_relationship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brest, France</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 102 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Finist%C3%A8re)" title="Brest (Finistère) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Brest (Finistère)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="بريست (فرنسا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريست (فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Bretanya)" title="Brest (Bretanya) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Brest (Bretanya)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Fransa)" title="Brest (Fransa) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Brest (Fransa)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="برست – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برست" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="ব্রেস্ত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রেস্ত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Hoat-kok)" title="Brest (Hoat-kok) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Brest (Hoat-kok)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Брэст (Францыя) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брэст (Францыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82" title="Брэст – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Брэст" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Брест (Франция) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Брест (Франция)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D_(%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D)" title="བེ་རེ་སི་ཊི། (ཧྥ་རན་སི།) – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བེ་རེ་སི་ཊི། (ཧྥ་རན་སི།)" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8)" title="Брест (Франци) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Брест (Франци)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Francie)" title="Brest (Francie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brest (Francie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Finist%C3%A8re)" title="Brest (Finistère) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brest (Finistère)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Prantsusmaa)" title="Brest (Prantsusmaa) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brest (Prantsusmaa)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Βρέστη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βρέστη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Francia)" title="Brest (Francia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brest (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Francio)" title="Brest (Francio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brest (Francio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="برست، فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برست، فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Frankryk)" title="Brest (Frankryk) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brest (Frankryk)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_na_Briot%C3%A1ine" title="Brest na Briotáine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Brest na Briotáine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_y_Vritaan" title="Brest, y Vritaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Brest, y Vritaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Breta%C3%B1a" title="Brest, Bretaña – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Brest, Bretaña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_(%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4)" title="브레스트 (프랑스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브레스트 (프랑스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF_(%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Բրեստ (Ֆրանսիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրեստ (Ֆրանսիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="ब्रैस्त – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रैस्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Brest, Finistère – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brest, Finistère" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Frakklandi)" title="Brest (Frakklandi) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brest (Frakklandi)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Francia)" title="Brest (Francia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brest (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%98_(%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA)" title="ברסט (צרפת) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברסט (צרפת)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="ბრესტი (საფრანგეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრესტი (საფრანგეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Брест (Франция) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Брест (Франция)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Brest, Finistère – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Brest, Finistère" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Brest, France" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Franzia)" title="Brest (Franzia) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Brest (Franzia)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brestia" title="Brestia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Brestia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresta_(Francija)" title="Bresta (Francija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bresta (Francija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Frankr%C3%A4ich)" title="Brest (Frankräich) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Brest (Frankräich)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brestas_(Pranc%C5%ABzija)" title="Brestas (Prancūzija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Brestas (Prancūzija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Francia)" title="Brest (Francia) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Brest (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Брест (Франција) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Брест (Франција)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="ब्रेस्त – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रेस्त" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA_(%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="بريست (بلديه فى فرنسا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بريست (بلديه فى فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="برست – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="برست" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Perancis" title="Brest, Perancis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Brest, Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Frankrijk)" title="Brest (Frankrijk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brest (Frankrijk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9)" title="ブレスト (フランス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブレスト (フランス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8)" title="БгӀест (Франци) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="БгӀест (Франци)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Finist%C3%A8re)" title="Brest (Finistère) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Brest (Finistère)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Frankrike)" title="Brest (Frankrike) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brest (Frankrike)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_i_Frankrike" title="Brest i Frankrike – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brest i Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A8st" title="Brèst – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Brèst" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Fransiya)" title="Brest (Fransiya) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Brest (Fransiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="بریسٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بریسٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Fran%C3%A7a)" title="Brest (França) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brest (França)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Brest, Franța – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Brest, Franța" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Брест (Франция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брест (Франция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Fraunce" title="Brest, Fraunce – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Brest, Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brest, France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Franc%C3%BAzsko)" title="Brest (Francúzsko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brest (Francúzsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Francija" title="Brest, Francija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brest, Francija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Francyjo)" title="Brest (Francyjo) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Brest (Francyjo)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Брест (Француска) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брест (Француска)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Francuska" title="Brest, Francuska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brest, Francuska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Ranska)" title="Brest (Ranska) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brest (Ranska)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Brest, Finistère – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brest, Finistère" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரெஸ்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரெஸ்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Брест (Франция) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Брест (Франция)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C,_%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="แบร็สต์, ฝรั่งเศส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แบร็สต์, ฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Fransa" title="Brest, Fransa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brest, Fransa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(France)" title="Brest (France) – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Brest (France)" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Perancis" title="Brest, Perancis – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Brest, Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Брест (Франція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Брест (Франція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="بریسٹ، فرانس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بریسٹ، فرانس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Brest, Finistère – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Brest, Finistère" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest_(Frans%C3%A4n)" title="Brest (Fransän) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Brest (Fransän)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Brest, Finistère – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Brest, Finistère" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%EF%BC%88%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%89" title="布雷斯特（法国） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="布雷斯特（法国）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="比斯特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="比斯特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest" title="Brest – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Brest" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brest,_France&params=48.39_N_4.49_W_type:city(140993)_region:FR-BRE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°23′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°29′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.39°N 4.49°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.39; -4.49</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subprefecture and commune in Brittany, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Brest_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Brest (disambiguation)">Brest (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subprefecture and commune in Brittany, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Brest</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">Subprefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brest_-_Le_Ch%C3%A2teau_-_PA00089847_-_011.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of the Tour Tanguy with the Château de Brest in the background"><img alt="A view of the Tour Tanguy with the Château de Brest in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Brest_-_Le_Ch%C3%A2teau_-_PA00089847_-_011.JPG/270px-Brest_-_Le_Ch%C3%A2teau_-_PA00089847_-_011.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Brest_-_Le_Ch%C3%A2teau_-_PA00089847_-_011.JPG/405px-Brest_-_Le_Ch%C3%A2teau_-_PA00089847_-_011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Brest_-_Le_Ch%C3%A2teau_-_PA00089847_-_011.JPG/540px-Brest_-_Le_Ch%C3%A2teau_-_PA00089847_-_011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">A view of the <a href="/wiki/Tour_Tanguy" title="Tour Tanguy">Tour Tanguy</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Brest" title="Château de Brest">Château de Brest</a> in the background</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brest_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Brest"><img alt="Flag of Brest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Brest_flag.svg/100px-Brest_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Brest_flag.svg/150px-Brest_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Brest_flag.svg/200px-Brest_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_de_Brest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Brest"><img alt="Coat of arms of Brest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Armoiries_de_Brest.svg/77px-Armoiries_de_Brest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Armoiries_de_Brest.svg/116px-Armoiries_de_Brest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Armoiries_de_Brest.svg/154px-Armoiries_de_Brest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="725" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Brest</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_3d0da1f90843ba0f34ce25d4baa8f082700cff51"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Brest%2C_France&revid=1276482219&groups=_3d0da1f90843ba0f34ce25d4baa8f082700cff51" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Brest%2C_France&revid=1276482219&groups=_3d0da1f90843ba0f34ce25d4baa8f082700cff51 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brest is located in France"><img alt="Brest is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.619%;left:8.291%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brest"><img alt="Brest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Brest</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bretagne_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brest is located in Brittany"><img alt="Brest is located in Brittany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bretagne_region_location_map.svg/270px-Bretagne_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bretagne_region_location_map.svg/405px-Bretagne_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bretagne_region_location_map.svg/540px-Bretagne_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1615" data-file-height="1001" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.889%;left:17.471%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brest"><img alt="Brest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Brest</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Brittany</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brest,_France&params=48.39_N_4.49_W_type:city(140993)_region:FR-BRE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°23′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°29′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.39°N 4.49°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.39; -4.49</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Brest" title="Arrondissement of Brest">Brest</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Brest-1" title="Canton of Brest-1">Brest-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Brest-2" title="Canton of Brest-2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Brest-3" title="Canton of Brest-3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Brest-4" title="Canton of Brest-4">4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Brest-5" title="Canton of Brest-5">5</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brest_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Brest Métropole">Brest Métropole</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">François Cuillandre<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">49.51 km<sup>2</sup> (19.12 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-popref2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">140,993</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,800/km<sup>2</sup> (7,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Brestois</i> (masculine)<br /><i>Brestoise</i> (feminine)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-29019">29019</a> /29200</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">0–103 m (0–338 ft) <br />(avg. 34 m or 112 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brest.fr/">brest<wbr />.fr</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Brest</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[bʁɛst]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/88\/Fr-Brest.ogg\/Fr-Brest.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-Brest.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Fr-Brest.ogg/Fr-Brest.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-Brest.ogg" title="File:Fr-Brest.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Breton pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="br-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton" title="Help:IPA/Breton">[bʀest]</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a> department, <a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a>. Located in a sheltered bay not far from the western tip of a <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> and the western extremity of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brest is an important harbour and the second largest French military port after <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>. The city is located on the western edge of continental France. With 139,456 inhabitants (2020),<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brest forms <a href="/wiki/Lower_Brittany" title="Lower Brittany">Western Brittany</a>'s largest <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">metropolitan area</a> (with a population of 370,000 in total), ranking third behind only <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> in the whole of historic Brittany, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">25th most populous city in France (2019)</a>; moreover, Brest provides services to the one million inhabitants of Western Brittany.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Brest is by far the largest city in Finistère, the <i><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">préfecture</a></i> (administrative seat) of the department is in the much smaller town of <a href="/wiki/Quimper,_Finist%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Quimper, Finistère">Quimper</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the history of Brest was the history of its <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Brest" title="Château de Brest">castle</a>. Then <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Richelieu</a> made it a <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">military harbour</a> in 1631.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brest grew around its <a href="/wiki/Brest_Arsenal" title="Brest Arsenal">arsenal</a> until the second part of the 20th century. Heavily damaged by the Allies' bombing raids during World War II, the city centre was completely rebuilt after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-BrestCelticHill_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrestCelticHill-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the deindustrialization of the city was followed by the development of the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service sector</a>. Nowadays, Brest is an important <a href="/wiki/College_town" title="College town">university town</a> with 23,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides a multidisciplinary university, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Brittany" title="University of Western Brittany">University of Western Brittany</a>, Brest and its surrounding area possess several prestigious French elite schools such as <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Navale" class="mw-redirect" title="École Navale">École Navale</a></i> (the French Naval Academy), <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9communications_de_Bretagne" title="École nationale supérieure des télécommunications de Bretagne">Télécom Bretagne</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_techniques_avanc%C3%A9es_de_Bretagne" class="mw-redirect" title="École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées de Bretagne">Superior National School of Advanced Techniques of Brittany</a> (ENSTA Bretagne, formerly ENSIETA). Brest is also an important research centre, mainly focused on the sea, with among others the largest <a href="/wiki/Ifremer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ifremer">Ifremer</a> (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) centre, <i>le Cedre</i> (Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution) and the French Polar Institute. </p><p>Brest's history has since the 17th century been linked to the sea: the <i><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_de_Marine" title="Académie de Marine">Académie de Marine</a></i> (Naval Academy) was founded in 1752 in this city. The aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle"><i>Charles de Gaulle</i></a> was built there. Every four years, Brest hosts the international festival of the sea, boats and sailors: it is a meeting of old <a href="/wiki/Rigging" title="Rigging">riggings</a> from around the world (<i><a href="/wiki/Brest_Maritime_Festival#2012_edition" title="Brest Maritime Festival">Les Tonnerres de Brest</a></i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brest,_France" title="Timeline of Brest, France">Timeline of Brest, France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg/220px-Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg/330px-Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg/440px-Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4948" data-file-height="3624" /></a><figcaption>Brest in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1700</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue_du_port_de_Brest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Vue_du_port_de_Brest.jpg/220px-Vue_du_port_de_Brest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Vue_du_port_de_Brest.jpg/330px-Vue_du_port_de_Brest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Vue_du_port_de_Brest.jpg/440px-Vue_du_port_de_Brest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4725" data-file-height="2956" /></a><figcaption>Painting of Brest harbour (<a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Hue" title="Jean-François Hue">Jean-François Hue</a>, 1793)</figcaption></figure> <p>The name of the town is first recorded as <i>Bresta</i>; it may derive from *<i>brigs</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> word for "hill".<sup id="cite_ref-BrestCelticHill_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrestCelticHill-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nothing definite is known of Brest before about 1240,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (August 2011)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Brest,_France#Dubious" title="Talk:Brest, France">discuss</a></i>]</sup> when <a href="/wiki/Harvey_V,_Lord_of_L%C3%A9on" title="Harvey V, Lord of Léon">Harvey V, Lord of Léon</a> ceded it to <a href="/wiki/John_I,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="John I, Duke of Brittany">John I, Duke of Brittany</a>. In 1342 <a href="/wiki/John_IV,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="John IV, Duke of Brittany">John IV, Duke of Brittany</a> surrendered Brest to the English, in whose possession it was to remain until 1397.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was strategically important to the English as it helped protect their communication with <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodger_2004_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodger_2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 102">: 102 </span></sup> The importance of Brest in <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> times was great enough to give rise to the saying, "He is not the Duke of Brittany who is not the Lord of Brest." With the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a> to <a href="/wiki/Claude_of_France" title="Claude of France">Claude</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Brittany" title="Anne of Brittany">Anne of Brittany</a>, the definitive overlordship of Brest – together with the rest of the duchy – passed to the <a href="/wiki/French_crown" class="mw-redirect" title="French crown">French crown</a> in 1491.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The advantages of Brest's situation as a seaport town were first recognized by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>, who in 1631 constructed a harbour with wooden <a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">wharves</a>. This soon became a base for the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Jean-Baptiste Colbert</a>, finance minister under <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a>, rebuilt the wharves in masonry and otherwise improved the harbour. Fortifications by <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Prestre_de_Vauban" class="mw-redirect" title="Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban">Vauban</a> (1633–1707) followed in 1680–1688. These fortifications, and with them the naval importance of the town, were to continue to develop throughout the 18th century. </p><p>In 1694, an Anglo-Dutch squadron under <a href="/wiki/John_Berkeley,_3rd_Baron_Berkeley_of_Stratton" title="John Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley of Stratton">Lord Berkeley</a> was soundly defeated in its <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Brest" class="mw-redirect" title="Attack on Brest">attack on Brest</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1858_Gustave_Le_Gray_la_batterie_Royale_%C3%A0_Brest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/1858_Gustave_Le_Gray_la_batterie_Royale_%C3%A0_Brest.jpg/220px-1858_Gustave_Le_Gray_la_batterie_Royale_%C3%A0_Brest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/1858_Gustave_Le_Gray_la_batterie_Royale_%C3%A0_Brest.jpg/330px-1858_Gustave_Le_Gray_la_batterie_Royale_%C3%A0_Brest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/1858_Gustave_Le_Gray_la_batterie_Royale_%C3%A0_Brest.jpg/440px-1858_Gustave_Le_Gray_la_batterie_Royale_%C3%A0_Brest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2582" data-file-height="1994" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Gray" title="Gustave Le Gray">Gustave Le Gray</a>: la batterie Royale à Brest, 1858</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1917, during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, Brest was used as the disembarking port for many of the troops coming from the United States. Thousands of such men came through the port on their way to the front lines. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Naval_air_station" title="Naval air station">naval air station</a> on 13 February 1918 to operate <a href="/wiki/Seaplane" title="Seaplane">seaplanes</a>. The base closed shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice of 11 November 1918</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nan_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101II-MW-1019-07,_Frankreich,_Brest,_Soldatenbordell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101II-MW-1019-07%2C_Frankreich%2C_Brest%2C_Soldatenbordell.jpg/310px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101II-MW-1019-07%2C_Frankreich%2C_Brest%2C_Soldatenbordell.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101II-MW-1019-07%2C_Frankreich%2C_Brest%2C_Soldatenbordell.jpg/465px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101II-MW-1019-07%2C_Frankreich%2C_Brest%2C_Soldatenbordell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101II-MW-1019-07%2C_Frankreich%2C_Brest%2C_Soldatenbordell.jpg/620px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101II-MW-1019-07%2C_Frankreich%2C_Brest%2C_Soldatenbordell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7105" data-file-height="4724" /></a><figcaption>German soldiers entering a <i>Soldatenbordell</i> in Brest, France (1940). The building is a former <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germans</a> maintained a large <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> base at Brest. Despite being within range of RAF bombers, it was also a base for some of the German surface fleet, giving repair facilities and direct access to the Atlantic Ocean. For much of 1941, <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Scharnhorst" title="German battleship Scharnhorst"><i>Scharnhorst</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Gneisenau" title="German battleship Gneisenau"><i>Gneisenau</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Prinz_Eugen" title="German cruiser Prinz Eugen"><i>Prinz Eugen</i></a> were under repair in the dockyards. The repair yard facilities for both submarines and surface vessels were staffed by both German and French workers, with the latter forming the major part of the workforce; huge reliance was made on this French component.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1944, after the Allied <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Normandy">invasion of Normandy</a>, the city was almost totally destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Brest" title="Battle for Brest">Battle for Brest</a>, with only a tiny number of buildings left standing. After the war, the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West German</a> government paid several billion <a href="/wiki/Deutschmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutschmark">Deutschmarks</a> in <a href="/wiki/War_reparations" title="War reparations">reparations</a> to the homeless and destitute civilians of Brest in compensation for the destruction of their city. Large parts of today's rebuilt city consist of utilitarian <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and concrete buildings. The French naval base now houses the <a href="/wiki/Brest_Naval_Training_Centre" title="Brest Naval Training Centre">Brest Naval Training Centre</a>. </p><p>During the postwar <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a>, a memorandum of German admiral and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Seekriegsleitung" title="Seekriegsleitung">Seekriegsleitung</a></i></span> chief of staff <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Fricke" title="Kurt Fricke">Kurt Fricke</a> from 1940 was given in evidence which suggested that the town should serve as a German enclave after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, the French Navy opened its <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapon</a>-submarine (deterrence) base at <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Longue" title="Île Longue">Île Longue</a> in the <i>Rade de Brest</i> (Brest <a href="/wiki/Roadstead" title="Roadstead">roadstead</a>). This continues to be an important base for the French nuclear-armed <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missile</a> submarines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> of Brest is divided in two: to the left, there's the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_France" title="Coat of arms of France">three fleurs-de-lis of the former kingdom of France</a>, and to the right it has the <a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)" title="Ermine (heraldry)">ermines</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Duchy of Brittany</a>. These arms were used for the first time in a register of deliberations of the city council dated the 15 July 1683<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Additionally, it looks visually identical to the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Bourg-la-Reine" title="Bourg-la-Reine">Bourg-la-Reine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sights">Sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Brest,_France" title="Special:EditPage/Brest, France">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rue_de_Siam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rue_de_Siam.jpg/220px-Rue_de_Siam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rue_de_Siam.jpg/330px-Rue_de_Siam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rue_de_Siam.jpg/440px-Rue_de_Siam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1061" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Siam" title="Rue de Siam">Rue de Siam</a></i> (Siam Street) in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Recouvrance" title="Pont de Recouvrance">Pont de Recouvrance</a></i> (Recouvrance Bridge, is a massive drawbridge 64 m/210 ft high), the <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_de_Brest" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenal de Brest">military arsenal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Siam" title="Rue de Siam"><i>rue de Siam</i> (Siam Street)</a> are other sights. The <a href="/wiki/Brest_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brest Castle">castle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tour_Tanguy" title="Tour Tanguy">Tanguy tower</a> are the oldest monuments of Brest. </p><p>The <i>Musée de la Tour Tanguy</i>, in the Tanguy tower, houses a collection of <a href="/wiki/Diorama" title="Diorama">dioramas</a> that depict the city of Brest on the eve of World War II. The <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_de_la_Marine" title="Musée national de la Marine">Musée national de la Marine</a> de Brest</i>, housed in the ancient castle, contains exhibits which outline Brest's maritime tradition, as well as an aquarium, the Océanopolis marine centre. The city also has a notable <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> specializing in <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Conservatoire_botanique_national_de_Brest" title="Conservatoire botanique national de Brest">Conservatoire botanique national de Brest</a></i>, as well as the <i><a href="/wiki/Jardin_botanique_de_l%27H%C3%B4pital_d%27Instruction_des_Arm%C3%A9es_Clermont-Tonnerre" title="Jardin botanique de l'Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Clermont-Tonnerre">Jardin botanique de l'Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Clermont-Tonnerre</a></i>. </p><p>The city of Brest does not have much remaining historical architecture, apart from a few select monuments such as the castle and the Tanguy tower. This is due to heavy bombing by the Allies during World War II, in an attempt to destroy the <a href="/wiki/Submarine_base" title="Submarine base">submarine base</a> the Germans had built in the harbour. In the 1950s, the town was hastily rebuilt using a large amount of concrete. In <a href="/wiki/Recouvrance,_Brest" title="Recouvrance, Brest">Recouvrance</a>, the west bank of the town, there remains an authentic street of the 17th century, Saint-Malo Street. </p><p>A few kilometres out of town, there are landscapes, from sandy beaches to <a href="/wiki/Grotto" title="Grotto">grottos</a> to tall <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> cliffs. <a href="/wiki/Sunbathing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunbathing">Sunbathing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">windsurfing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yachting" title="Yachting">yachting</a> and fishing are enjoyed in the area. Brest was an important warship-producing port during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic wars">Napoleonic wars</a>. The naval port, which is in great part excavated in the rock, extends along both banks of the <a href="/wiki/Penfeld" title="Penfeld">Penfeld</a> river. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Tanguy tower hosts a museum of the history of Brest; in the background, the Pont de Recouvrance (Recouvrance Bridge)."><img alt="The Tanguy tower hosts a museum of the history of Brest; in the background, the Pont de Recouvrance (Recouvrance Bridge)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Brest.jpg/120px-Brest.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Brest.jpg/180px-Brest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Brest.jpg/240px-Brest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Tour_Tanguy" title="Tour Tanguy">Tanguy tower</a> hosts a museum of the history of Brest; in the background, the <i><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Recouvrance" title="Pont de Recouvrance">Pont de Recouvrance</a></i> (Recouvrance Bridge).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brest_chateau.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The castle hosts the Musée national de la Marine (National Navy Museum)."><img alt="The castle hosts the Musée national de la Marine (National Navy Museum)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Brest_chateau.jpg/120px-Brest_chateau.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Brest_chateau.jpg/180px-Brest_chateau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Brest_chateau.jpg/240px-Brest_chateau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Brest" title="Château de Brest">The castle</a> hosts the <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_de_la_Marine" title="Musée national de la Marine">Musée national de la Marine</a></i> (National Navy Museum).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stangalar2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The conservatoire botanique national in autumn"><img alt="The conservatoire botanique national in autumn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Stangalar2.JPG/90px-Stangalar2.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Stangalar2.JPG/135px-Stangalar2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Stangalar2.JPG/180px-Stangalar2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="614" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i><a href="/wiki/Conservatoire_botanique_national_de_Brest" title="Conservatoire botanique national de Brest">conservatoire botanique national</a></i> in autumn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint-Sauveur-clocher.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint-Sauveur church in Recouvrance, designed by Amédée-François Frézier, the oldest church of Brest, built in 1750[16]"><img alt="Saint-Sauveur church in Recouvrance, designed by Amédée-François Frézier, the oldest church of Brest, built in 1750[16]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Saint-Sauveur-clocher.jpg/90px-Saint-Sauveur-clocher.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Saint-Sauveur-clocher.jpg/135px-Saint-Sauveur-clocher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Saint-Sauveur-clocher.jpg/180px-Saint-Sauveur-clocher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="267" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saint-Sauveur church in <a href="/wiki/Recouvrance_(Brest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Recouvrance (Brest)">Recouvrance</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fr%C3%A9zier" title="Amédée-François Frézier">Amédée-François Frézier</a>, the oldest church of Brest, built in 1750<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Place_libert%C3%A92_800x600.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Monumental perspective from the Place de la Liberté opening to the rue de Siam (Siam Street), with the rade de Brest (Brest roadstead) in the background, and on the right, the steeple of Saint-Louis church dominating the rebuilt centre of Brest"><img alt="Monumental perspective from the Place de la Liberté opening to the rue de Siam (Siam Street), with the rade de Brest (Brest roadstead) in the background, and on the right, the steeple of Saint-Louis church dominating the rebuilt centre of Brest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Place_libert%C3%A92_800x600.JPG/120px-Place_libert%C3%A92_800x600.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Place_libert%C3%A92_800x600.JPG/180px-Place_libert%C3%A92_800x600.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Place_libert%C3%A92_800x600.JPG/240px-Place_libert%C3%A92_800x600.JPG 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monumental perspective from the <i>Place de la Liberté</i> opening to the <i><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Siam" title="Rue de Siam">rue de Siam</a></i> (Siam Street), with the <i><a href="/wiki/Rade_de_Brest" class="mw-redirect" title="Rade de Brest">rade de Brest</a></i> (Brest <a href="/wiki/Roadstead" title="Roadstead">roadstead</a>) in the background, and on the right, the steeple of Saint-Louis church dominating the rebuilt centre of Brest</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Topographie_de_brest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Topographie_de_brest.jpg/200px-Topographie_de_brest.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Topographie_de_brest.jpg/300px-Topographie_de_brest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Topographie_de_brest.jpg/400px-Topographie_de_brest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Topography of Brest</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brest.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Brest.png/220px-Brest.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Brest.png/330px-Brest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Brest.png/440px-Brest.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Brest and the surrounding area</figcaption></figure> <p>Brest is located amidst a dramatic landscape near the entrance of the natural <i><a href="/wiki/Rade_de_Brest" class="mw-redirect" title="Rade de Brest">rade de Brest</a></i> (Brest roadstead), at the west end of Brittany. </p><p>It is situated to the north of a magnificent landlocked bay, and occupies the slopes of two hills divided by the river Penfeld. The part of the town on the left bank is regarded as Brest proper, while the part on the right is known as <a href="/wiki/Recouvrance,_Brest" title="Recouvrance, Brest">Recouvrance</a>. There are also extensive suburbs to the east of the town. The hillsides are in some places so steep that the ascent from the lower to the upper town has to be effected by flights of steps and the second or third storey of one house is often on a level with the ground storey of the next. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brest experiences an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfb</i>). As a result of maritime moderation, Brest has cool summers by French standards, July afternoons are cooler than the norm in Western Europe. Rainfall is common year-round, but snowfall is a rarer occurrence since temperatures usually remain several degrees above freezing during winter nights. </p><p>An extreme temperature of 39.3 °C (102.7 °F) was recorded on <a href="/wiki/2022_European_heat_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 European heat waves">18 July 2022</a>. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Brest <small>(<a href="/wiki/Brest_Bretagne_Airport" title="Brest Bretagne Airport">Bretagne Airport</a>, altitude 94m, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1855–present)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1<br />(28.2) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.0<br />(6.8) </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.4<br />(7.9) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.1<br />(13.8) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−14.0<br />(6.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #2AFF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">142.6<br />(5.61) </td> <td style="background: #3CFF3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.7<br />(4.67) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2<br />(3.24) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.8<br />(3.61) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.6<br />(2.94) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.6<br />(2.54) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.7<br />(2.78) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.3<br />(2.96) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.6<br />(3.09) </td> <td style="background: #3EFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">129.4<br />(5.09) </td> <td style="background: #1DFF1D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.7<br />(5.78) </td> <td style="background: #18FF18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">154.6<br />(6.09) </td> <td style="background: #63FF63; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,229.8<br />(48.42) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.0 </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #1A1AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.9 </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.8 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">159.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">84 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #6F6F6F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.2 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3A3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.7 </td> <td style="background: #B7B759; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.2 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.4 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187.5 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183.9 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180.1 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171.8 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.4 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.0 </td> <td style="background: #888888; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.3 </td> <td style="background: #6F6F6F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.2 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB3F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,554.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.0 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.0 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.0 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.0 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Meteo_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteo France">Meteo France</a><sup id="cite_ref-MFclimat1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFclimat1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MFclimat2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFclimat2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a> (percent sun 1961-1990),<sup id="cite_ref-noaa_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noaa-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infoclimat.fr (humidity 1961-1990)<sup id="cite_ref-Infoclimat_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1945 Brest absorbed three neighbouring communes.<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population data for 1936 and earlier in the table and graph below refer to the pre-1945 borders. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,180</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,865</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.97%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,130</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.57%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,361</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">29,860</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,773</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">48,225</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">55,820</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.97%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">61,160</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.84%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">54,665</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−2.22%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">67,833</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.41%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">79,847</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.32%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">66,270</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">66,828</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.21%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">69,110</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.67%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">70,778</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.48%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">75,854</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.39%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">74,538</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.35%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">84,284</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">85,294</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,540</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.20%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">73,960</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">67,861</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.71%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">69,841</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">79,342</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">74,991</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">110,713</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.99%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">136,104</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.61%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">154,023</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">166,826</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">156,060</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.95%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">147,956</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.66%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">149,634</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2009 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">141,315</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.57%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2014 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">139,384</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.27%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">139,456</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.01%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE (1968-2020)<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerogare_Brest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Aerogare_Brest.jpg/220px-Aerogare_Brest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Aerogare_Brest.jpg/330px-Aerogare_Brest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Aerogare_Brest.jpg/440px-Aerogare_Brest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brest_Bretagne_Airport" title="Brest Bretagne Airport">Brest Bretagne Airport</a>, main airport of the <a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">region of Brittany</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brest_Harbour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brest_Harbour.jpg/220px-Brest_Harbour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brest_Harbour.jpg/330px-Brest_Harbour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brest_Harbour.jpg/440px-Brest_Harbour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>The harbour of Brest</figcaption></figure> <p>The railway station of Brest, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Brest" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Brest">Gare de Brest</a>, is linked to <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Rennes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Rennes">Rennes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse" title="Gare Montparnasse">Paris</a> and provides services to other stations in Brittany as well. <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> trains to Paris take approximately three hours and forty minutes to reach the capital. </p><p>A new 28-stop, 14.3 km (9 mi) <a href="/wiki/Brest_Tramway" class="mw-redirect" title="Brest Tramway">tram line</a> connecting Porte de Plouzané in the west with Porte de Gouesnou and Porte de Guipavas northeast of the city centre opened in June 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brest international airport, <a href="/wiki/Brest_airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Brest airport">Brest Bretagne Airport</a>, is mainly linked to Paris, London, <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, Dublin. The primary operator is <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> (via its subsidiary <a href="/wiki/HOP!" class="mw-redirect" title="HOP!">HOP!</a>). Brest international airport is the main airport of the <a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">region of Brittany</a> in terms passager traffic with 45% of this traffic of the region, representing 919,404 passengers in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new terminal has been in service since 12 December 2007 and can accommodate up to 1.8 million passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The harbour of Brest is mainly dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Bulk_cargo" title="Bulk cargo">bulk</a>, hydrocarbon and <a href="/wiki/Freight_container" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight container">freight containers</a>. The harbour's facilities can accommodate the largest modern ships. A cruise ship port is also located in Brest, near the city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeanne_D_Arc_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Jeanne_D_Arc_4.jpg/220px-Jeanne_D_Arc_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Jeanne_D_Arc_4.jpg/330px-Jeanne_D_Arc_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Jeanne_D_Arc_4.jpg/440px-Jeanne_D_Arc_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Penfeld" title="Penfeld">Penfeld</a> river, historic centre of the arsenal of Brest</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to its location, Brest is regarded as the first French port that can be accessed from the Americas. Shipping is big business, although <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire">Saint-Nazaire</a> offer much larger docks and attract more of the larger vessels. Brest has the ninth French commercial harbour including ship repairs and maintenance. The protected location of Brest means that its harbour is ideal to receive any type of ship, from the smallest <a href="/wiki/Dinghy" title="Dinghy">dinghy</a> to the biggest <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> (<a href="/wiki/USS_Nimitz" title="USS Nimitz">USS <i>Nimitz</i></a> has visited a few times). Naval construction is also an important activity: for example, the <a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle">French aircraft carrier <i>Charles de Gaulle</i></a> was built by <a href="/wiki/Direction_des_Constructions_Navales" class="mw-redirect" title="Direction des Constructions Navales">Direction des Constructions Navales</a> (DCN) in Brest. </p><p>Despite its image of an industrialised city whose activity depends mainly on military order, the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service sector</a> represents 75% of the economic activity. The importance of the service sector is still increasing while industrialised activity is decaying, explaining the unchanged rate of working-class in Brest. Brest also hosts headquarters for many subsidiaries like the banking group Arkéa. Research and conception is taking an increasing importance. Brest claims to be the largest European centre for sciences and techniques linked to the sea: 60% of the French research in the maritime field is based in Brest.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_de_ville_brest.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hotel_de_ville_brest.JPG/220px-Hotel_de_ville_brest.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hotel_de_ville_brest.JPG/330px-Hotel_de_ville_brest.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hotel_de_ville_brest.JPG/440px-Hotel_de_ville_brest.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Brest" title="Hôtel de Ville, Brest">Hôtel de Ville</a> (City Hall), <i>place de la Liberté</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Brest" title="Hôtel de Ville, Brest">Hôtel de Ville</a> (City Hall) was officially opened in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayors">Mayors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mayors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>since 2001: François Cuillandre</li> <li>1989–2001: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Maille" title="Pierre Maille">Pierre Maille</a> (2nd and 3rd terms)</li> <li>1985–1989: Georges Kerbrat</li> <li>1983–1985: Jacques Berthelot</li> <li>1982–1983: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Maille" title="Pierre Maille">Pierre Maille</a></li> <li>1977–1982: Francis Le Blé</li> <li>1973–1977: Eugène Berest</li> <li>1959–1973: Georges Lombard</li> <li>1958–1959: Auguste Kervern</li> <li>1954–1958: Yves Jaouen</li> <li>1954–1954: Lucien Chaix</li> <li>1953–1954: Yves Jaouen</li> <li>1947–1953: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pierre_Marie_Chupin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Pierre Marie Chupin">Alfred Pierre Marie Chupin</a></li> <li>1945–1947: Jules Lullien</li> <li>1944–1945: Jules Lullien</li> <li>1942–1944: Victor Eusen</li> <li>1929–1941: Victor Le Gorgeu</li> <li>1921–1929: Léon Nardon</li> <li>1920–1921: Hippolyte Masson</li> <li>1919–1920: Louis Léon Nardon</li> <li>1912–1919: Hippolyte Masson</li> <li>1908–1912: Louis Arthur Delobeau</li> <li>1904–1908: Victor Marie Aubert</li> <li>1900–1904: Charles Berger</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Breton_language">Breton language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Breton language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a> is not commonly spoken in the city of Brest, which was the only French-speaking city in western Brittany before the 1789 <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, despite the surrounding countryside being fully Breton-speaking at that time. Like other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_France" title="Languages of France">French minority languages</a>, Breton does not have any official language status in France. </p><p>The municipality launched a linguistic plan to revive Breton as a language through <i><a href="/wiki/Ya_d%27ar_brezhoneg" title="Ya d'ar brezhoneg">Ya d'ar brezhoneg</a></i> on 16 June 2006. In 2008, 1.94% of primary-school children attended French-Breton bilingual <a href="/wiki/Diwan_(school)" title="Diwan (school)">Diwan</a> schools.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides bilingual schools, the Breton language is also taught in some schools and universities. </p><p>The association <i>Sked</i> federates all Breton cultural activities.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bateaux-Brest2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bateaux-Brest2004.jpg/220px-Bateaux-Brest2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bateaux-Brest2004.jpg/330px-Bateaux-Brest2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bateaux-Brest2004.jpg/440px-Bateaux-Brest2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption>Sailboats during "Brest 2004"</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is host to several events to celebrate its long maritime history. The largest of these is held every four years, when the town organises a <a href="/wiki/Tall_ship" title="Tall ship">tall ship</a> meeting. The last such tall ship event was "Les Tonnerres de Brest 2016". Due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> the next event is planned for 2022. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue_d_une_forme_de_radoub_de_la_Marine_Nationale_en_bordure_de_la_Penfeld_%C3%A0_Brest_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Vue_d_une_forme_de_radoub_de_la_Marine_Nationale_en_bordure_de_la_Penfeld_%C3%A0_Brest_2023.jpg/220px-Vue_d_une_forme_de_radoub_de_la_Marine_Nationale_en_bordure_de_la_Penfeld_%C3%A0_Brest_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Vue_d_une_forme_de_radoub_de_la_Marine_Nationale_en_bordure_de_la_Penfeld_%C3%A0_Brest_2023.jpg/330px-Vue_d_une_forme_de_radoub_de_la_Marine_Nationale_en_bordure_de_la_Penfeld_%C3%A0_Brest_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Vue_d_une_forme_de_radoub_de_la_Marine_Nationale_en_bordure_de_la_Penfeld_%C3%A0_Brest_2023.jpg/440px-Vue_d_une_forme_de_radoub_de_la_Marine_Nationale_en_bordure_de_la_Penfeld_%C3%A0_Brest_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>View of the <a href="/wiki/Rade_de_Brest" class="mw-redirect" title="Rade de Brest">Rade de Brest</a> from the Place des Machines in the Capucins workshops</figcaption></figure> <p>Brest also hosts an annual short film festival called "<a href="/wiki/Brest_European_Short_Film_Festival" title="Brest European Short Film Festival">Brest European Short Film Festival</a>". The city was the setting for the 1982 art film <i><a href="/wiki/Querelle" title="Querelle">Querelle</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Rainer Werner Fassbinder</a>, itself based on the 1947 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Querelle_of_Brest" title="Querelle of Brest">Querelle de Brest</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Genet" title="Jean Genet">Jean Genet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brittany's most famous local delicacy, the <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_bretonne" title="Crêpe bretonne">Breton crêpe</a>, is the main culinary feature apart from seafood. There are many crêpe restaurants (called <i>crêperies</i>). Breton apple <a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">cider</a> is often featured. </p><p>Traditional biscuits include <i><a href="/wiki/Traou_Mad" title="Traou Mad">Traou Mad</a></i>, which is a full-fat butter biscuit similar to Scottish <a href="/wiki/Shortbread" title="Shortbread">shortbread</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Brest,_France" title="Special:EditPage/Brest, France">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Brest has held the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tour_de_France_Grands_D%C3%A9parts" title="List of Tour de France Grands Départs">Grands Départs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> on three occasions, in <a href="/wiki/1952_Tour_de_France" title="1952 Tour de France">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1974_Tour_de_France" title="1974 Tour de France">1974</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Tour_de_France" title="2008 Tour de France">2008</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2021_Tour_de_France" title="2021 Tour de France">2021 Tour de France</a> started from Brest on 26 June 2021. Stage 6 of the <a href="/wiki/2018_Tour_de_France" title="2018 Tour de France">2018 Tour de France</a> departed from Brest. Since 1901 Brest has served as the midpoint for the 1,200 km (750 mi) bicycle endurance event, <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Brest%E2%80%93Paris" title="Paris–Brest–Paris">Paris–Brest–Paris</a>. </p><p>Brest is home to <a href="/wiki/Stade_Brestois_29" title="Stade Brestois 29">Stade Brestois 29</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> team in <a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">Ligue 1</a>. the top tier of the <a href="/wiki/French_football_league_system" title="French football league system">French football league system</a>. </p><p>Brest is also home to <a href="/wiki/Brest_Albatros_Hockey" title="Brest Albatros Hockey">Brest Albatros Hockey</a>, an ice hockey team in <a href="/wiki/Ligue_Magnus" title="Ligue Magnus">Ligue Magnus</a>, and won the league title in the <a href="/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396_%C3%89lite_Ligue_season" title="1995–96 Élite Ligue season">1996</a> and <a href="/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_Nationale_1A_season" title="1996–97 Nationale 1A season">1997</a>. </p><p>In 2002 the Brest <a href="/wiki/Throwball" title="Throwball">throwball team</a> Brest LC reached the 1st division of French throwball but were subsequently relegated due to financial difficulty. The club has recently adopted an Irish influenced infrastructure.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What does that mean? (December 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_and_education">Research and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Research and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A9_de_Bretagne_Occidentale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Universit%C3%A9_de_Bretagne_Occidentale.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A9_de_Bretagne_Occidentale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Universit%C3%A9_de_Bretagne_Occidentale.jpg/330px-Universit%C3%A9_de_Bretagne_Occidentale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Universit%C3%A9_de_Bretagne_Occidentale.jpg/440px-Universit%C3%A9_de_Bretagne_Occidentale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3442" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><i>Université de Bretagne Occidentale</i> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Brittany" title="University of Western Brittany">University of Western Brittany</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Primarily the research centre of western Brittany, Brest and its surrounding area is the home of several research and elite educational establishments: </p> <ul><li>a multidisciplinary university, <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Brittany" title="University of Western Brittany">Université de Bretagne Occidentale</a></i> (UBO) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.univ-brest.fr/">[1]</a></li> <li>Brest has also several <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grandes écoles</a></i> and other undergraduate or graduate schools: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27ing%C3%A9nieurs_de_Brest" title="École nationale d'ingénieurs de Brest">École nationale d'ingénieurs de Brest</a></i> (ENIB) (in <a href="/wiki/Plouzan%C3%A9" title="Plouzané">Plouzané</a> next to Brest) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.enib.fr/en/">[2]</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9communications_de_Bretagne" title="École nationale supérieure des télécommunications de Bretagne">Télécom Bretagne</a></i> (ENST Bretagne) (in <a href="/wiki/Plouzan%C3%A9" title="Plouzané">Plouzané</a> next to Brest) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.imt-atlantique.fr/en">[3]</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_techniques_avanc%C3%A9es_de_Bretagne" class="mw-redirect" title="École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées de Bretagne">École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées de Bretagne</a></i> (ENSTA Bretagne, formerly ENSIETA) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.ensta-bretagne.fr/en">[4]</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ISEN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISEN">Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique</a> de Brest</i> (ISEN Brest) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://isen-brest.fr/">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESC_Bretagne_Brest" class="mw-redirect" title="ESC Bretagne Brest">Brest Business School</a> (ESC Bretagne Brest) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051025030116/http://www.esc-brest.fr/">[6]</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Navale" class="mw-redirect" title="École Navale">École Navale</a></i> (French Naval Academy) (in <a href="/wiki/Lanv%C3%A9oc" title="Lanvéoc">Lanvéoc</a> next to Brest) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.ecole-navale.fr/">[7]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230527145420/https://www.ecole-navale.fr/">Archived</a> 27 May 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>To be noted that Brest is one of the hosts for the Indiana University Honors Foreign Language Program</li></ul></li> <li>Brest has several research organisations: <ul><li>the largest <a href="/wiki/Ifremer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ifremer">Ifremer</a> (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) centre (in Plouzané next to Brest); about 1000 people work there.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Le Cedre</i> (Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the French Polar Institute (in Plouzané next to Brest)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Naval_Hydrographic_and_Oceanographic_Service" title="Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service">Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service</a> (SHOM)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Brest,_France" title="Special:EditPage/Brest, France">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Brest was the birthplace of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Huon_de_Kermadec" title="Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec">Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec</a> (1748–1792), <a href="/wiki/Navigator" title="Navigator">navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Alexandre_L%C3%A9on_Durand_Linois" title="Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois">Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois</a> (1761–1848), <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">admiral</a> during the time of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Lemonnier" title="Antoinette Lemonnier">Antoinette Lemonnier</a> (1787–1866), operatic soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_Garnot" title="Prosper Garnot">Prosper Garnot</a> (1794–1838), surgeon and <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">naturalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Moreau" title="Léon Moreau">Léon Moreau</a> (1870–1946), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Segalen" title="Victor Segalen">Victor Segalen</a> (1878–1919), naval doctor, <a href="/wiki/Ethnographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnographer">ethnographer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeologist">archeologist</a>, writer and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cras" title="Jean Cras">Jean Cras</a> (1879–1932), French composer and career naval officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Thierry_d%27Argenlieu" title="Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu">Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu</a> (1889–1964), priest, diplomat and <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> officer and admiral</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Loysel" title="Jean Loysel">Jean Loysel</a> (1889–1962), composer and lyricist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Robbe-Grillet" title="Alain Robbe-Grillet">Alain Robbe-Grillet</a> (1922–2008), writer and filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Brice" title="Pierre Brice">Pierre Brice</a> (1929–2015), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9atrice_Dalle" title="Béatrice Dalle">Béatrice Dalle</a> (born 1964), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Miossec" class="mw-redirect" title="Christophe Miossec">Christophe Miossec</a> (born 1964), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Hamon" title="Benoît Hamon">Benoît Hamon</a> (born 1967), MEP and French presidential candidate, Parti Socialiste, 2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yann_Tiersen" title="Yann Tiersen">Yann Tiersen</a> (born 1970), minimalist multi instrumentalist/musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Flute" title="Sébastien Flute">Sébastien Flute</a> (born 1972), Olympic gold medalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Menut" title="Benoît Menut">Benoît Menut</a> (born 1977), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohann_Boulic" title="Yohann Boulic">Yohann Boulic</a> (born 1978), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsen_Tour%C3%A9" title="Larsen Touré">Larsen Touré</a> (born 1984), footballer (naturalized Guinean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Higua%C3%ADn" title="Gonzalo Higuaín">Gonzalo Higuaín</a> (born 1987), footballer (naturalized <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laury_Thilleman" title="Laury Thilleman">Laury Thilleman</a> (born 1991), <a href="/wiki/Miss_France_2011" title="Miss France 2011">Miss France 2011</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brest_-_Entree_du_port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Brest_-_Entree_du_port.jpg/220px-Brest_-_Entree_du_port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Brest_-_Entree_du_port.jpg/330px-Brest_-_Entree_du_port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Brest_-_Entree_du_port.jpg/440px-Brest_-_Entree_du_port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>The entrance to the harbour of Brest</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_Sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – Sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Twin towns – Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brest is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-Les_jumelages_de_Brest_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_jumelages_de_Brest-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, Colorado, United States (1948)<sup id="cite_ref-Denver_Sister_Cities_International_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denver_Sister_Cities_International-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, Devon, England (1963)<sup id="cite_ref-Archant_twinning_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, Germany (1964)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a>, Italy (1964)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yokosuka,_Kanagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokosuka, Kanagawa">Yokosuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō</a>, Japan (1970)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire" title="Dún Laoghaire">Dún Laoghaire</a>, Republic of Ireland (1984)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>, Spain (1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sapon%C3%A9,_Burkina_Faso" title="Saponé, Burkina Faso">Saponé</a>, Burkina Faso (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a>, Romania (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>, China (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brest,_Belarus" title="Brest, Belarus">Brest</a>, Belarus (2012)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friendly_relationship">Friendly relationship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Friendly relationship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brest has an official friendly relationship (<i>protocole d'amitié</i>) with:<sup id="cite_ref-Les_jumelages_de_Brest_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_jumelages_de_Brest-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beja%C3%AFa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bejaïa">Bejaïa</a>, Algeria (1995)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:26-04-2005-015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/26-04-2005-015.jpg/800px-26-04-2005-015.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/26-04-2005-015.jpg/1200px-26-04-2005-015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/26-04-2005-015.jpg/1600px-26-04-2005-015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>Panorama from the <a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Recouvrance" title="Pont de Recouvrance">Recouvrance bridge</a> of the castle and the Tanguy tower</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Brest" title="Battle for Brest">Battle for Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_at_Plougastel-Daoulas" title="Calvary at Plougastel-Daoulas">Calvary at Plougastel-Daoulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Finist%C3%A8re_department" title="Communes of the Finistère department">Communes of the Finistère department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questel_Fort" title="Questel Fort">Questel Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis_de_Brest_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Louis de Brest Church">Saint-Louis de Brest Church</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, by February 1941 only 470 German shipyard workers had arrived at Brest, whilst the Naval Arsenal had 6,349 French workers. Though work on capital ships was generally done by Germans, French employees worked extensively on submarines and the smaller military vessels in the surface fleet. German Navy reports indicate that this was a willing workforce and that there were no incidences of sabotage. As well as working on ship repairs, the French provided a significant fire-fighting force to help negate the effect of Allied air raids. This story is balanced by Resistance activity, such as that of Jean Philippon, a French Naval Lieutenant Commander who provided important ship movement intelligence to the Allies for more than a year. This espionage was a key component in the effectiveness of Allied air raids which ultimately led to the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Dash" title="Channel Dash">removal of German capital ships to safer bases</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a>. <i>data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises</i> (in French). 2 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popref2022_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8288323?geo=COM-29019">"Populations de référence 2022"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 19 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+de+r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence+2022&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F8288323%3Fgeo%3DCOM-29019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation cs2">Wells, John C. (2008), <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.), Longman, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405881180" title="Special:BookSources/9781405881180"><bdi>9781405881180</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781405881180&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nouvel atlas linguistique de la Basse-Bretagne</i>, 2001, Volume 1, map 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStina_Backer2018" class="citation web cs1">Stina Backer (31 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/brest-sailing-les-tonnerres-travel/index.html">"Brest, France: What to see and do"</a>. <i>CNN Travel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Travel&rft.atitle=Brest%2C+France%3A+What+to+see+and+do&rft.date=2018-03-31&rft.au=Stina+Backer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fbrest-sailing-les-tonnerres-travel%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pophist_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pophist_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7633058?geo=COM-29019#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brest.fr/mediatheque-du-site/videotheque/voir-des-videos/h/42b0c2d476/video/27/back/128/scatvideo/3.html">Brest.fr – Brest perspectives </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110703045809/http://www.brest.fr/mediatheque-du-site/videotheque/voir-des-videos/h/42b0c2d476/video/27/back/128/scatvideo/3.html">Archived</a> 3 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Brest-France">"Brest, France"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brest%2C+France&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBrest-France&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrestCelticHill-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BrestCelticHill_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BrestCelticHill_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoch2006" class="citation book cs1">Koch, John T., ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA247"><i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</i></a>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85109-440-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85109-440-7"><bdi>1-85109-440-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-85109-440-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df899xH_quaMC%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaële_MALGORN1999" class="citation web cs1">Gaële MALGORN (22 February 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718072344/http://www.participation-brest.net/article1533.html">"Brest accueille ses 23 000 étudiants"</a>. Participation Brest. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.participation-brest.net/article1533.html">the original</a> on 18 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brest+accueille+ses+23+000+%C3%A9tudiants&rft.pub=Participation+Brest&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.au=Ga%C3%ABle+MALGORN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.participation-brest.net%2Farticle1533.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/brest">"Brest"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021020945/http://www.etymonline.com:80/word/Brest">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Brest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fbrest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodger_2004-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rodger_2004_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodger2004" class="citation book cs1">Rodger, N.A.M. (2004). <i>The Safeguard of the Sea. A Naval History of Britain 660-1649</i>. London: Penguin Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-191257-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-191257-8"><bdi>978-0-14-191257-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Safeguard+of+the+Sea.+A+Naval+History+of+Britain+660-1649&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-14-191257-8&rft.aulast=Rodger&rft.aufirst=N.A.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nan-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nan_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Wyen1969" class="citation book cs1">Van Wyen, Adrian O. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/navalaviationinw00wash"><i>Naval Aviation in World War I</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: Chief of Naval Operations. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/navalaviationinw00wash/page/65">65</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Aviation+in+World+War+I&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Chief+of+Naval+Operations&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Van+Wyen&rft.aufirst=Adrian+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnavalaviationinw00wash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellwinkel2014" class="citation book cs1">Hellwinkel, Lars (2014). <i>Hitler's Gateway to the Atlantic: German Naval Bases in France 1940–1945</i> (Kindle ed.). Seaforth Publishing. pp. Kindle location 1151–1369.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Gateway+to+the+Atlantic%3A+German+Naval+Bases+in+France+1940%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=Kindle+location+1151-1369&rft.edition=Kindle&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Hellwinkel&rft.aufirst=Lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126103200/http://nizkor.org/hweb/imt/tgmwc/tgmwc-02/tgmwc-02-15-03.shtml">"The Nizkor Project – Nuremberg Trials transcript"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/imt/tgmwc/tgmwc-02/tgmwc-02-15-03.shtml">the original</a> on 26 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nizkor+Project+%E2%80%93+Nuremberg+Trials+transcript&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nizkor.org%2Fhweb%2Fimt%2Ftgmwc%2Ftgmwc-02%2Ftgmwc-02-15-03.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean-Louis Auffret, <i>Brest d'hier à demain</i>, Éditions Cloître, March 2002, Saint-Thonan France, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-910981-65-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-910981-65-7">2-910981-65-7</a>, page 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MFclimat1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MFclimat1_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802131809/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/station/29075001/normales">"Données climatiques de la station de Brest"</a> (in French). Meteo France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/station/29075001/normales">the original</a> on 2 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donn%C3%A9es+climatiques+de+la+station+de+Brest&rft.pub=Meteo+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteofrance.com%2Fclimat%2Ffrance%2Fstation%2F29075001%2Fnormales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MFclimat2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MFclimat2_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802131821/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/bretagne/regi53/normales">"Climat Bretagne"</a> (in French). Meteo France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/bretagne/regi53/normales">the original</a> on 2 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climat+Bretagne&rft.pub=Meteo+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteofrance.com%2Fclimat%2Ffrance%2Fbretagne%2Fregi53%2Fnormales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180310164340/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_29075001.pdf">"Brest–Guipavas (29)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records</i> (in French). Meteo France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_29075001.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1981%E2%80%932010+et+records&rft.atitle=Brest%E2%80%93Guipavas+%2829%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_29075001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noaa-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noaa_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/FR/07110.TXT">"Brest (07110) – WMO Weather Station"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brest+%2807110%29+%E2%80%93+WMO+Weather+Station&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1961-1990%2FRA-VI%2FFR%2F07110.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/19611990NormalsNOAABrest">Archived</a> 18 January 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoclimat-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141008133221/http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07110-brest-guipavas.html">"Normes et records 1961–1990: Brest-Guipavas (29) – altitude 94m"</a> (in French). Infoclimat.fr. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normes+et+records+1961%E2%80%931990%3A+Brest-Guipavas+%2829%29+%E2%80%93+altitude+94m&rft.pub=Infoclimat.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie-07110-brest-guipavas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> 8 October 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehess-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ehess_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ehess_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=5761">Commune data sheet Brest</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120629033829/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/brest-tramway-opens.html">"Brest tramway opens"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Railway_Gazette_International" title="Railway Gazette International">Railway Gazette International</a></i>. 26 June 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/brest-tramway-opens.html">the original</a> on 29 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=Brest+tramway+opens&rft.date=2012-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnc%2Fnews%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Fbrest-tramway-opens.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812214737/http://brest.letelegramme.com/local/finistere-nord/brest/ville/port-et-aeroport-progressions-en-2010-08-01-2011-1168234.php">"Le Télégramme – Brest ville – Port et aéroport de Brest. Progressions en 2010"</a>. Brest.letelegramme.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brest.letelegramme.com/local/finistere-nord/brest/ville/port-et-aeroport-progressions-en-2010-08-01-2011-1168234.php">the original</a> on 12 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+T%C3%A9l%C3%A9gramme+%E2%80%93+Brest+ville+%E2%80%93+Port+et+a%C3%A9roport+de+Brest.+Progressions+en+2010&rft.pub=Brest.letelegramme.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrest.letelegramme.com%2Flocal%2Ffinistere-nord%2Fbrest%2Fville%2Fport-et-aeroport-progressions-en-2010-08-01-2011-1168234.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720210226/http://www.airport.cci-brest.fr/en/aeroport/presentation.html">"brest.aeroport.bzh/ » Environment"</a>. Airport.cci-brest.fr. 4 August 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airport.cci-brest.fr/en/aeroport/presentation.html">the original</a> on 20 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=brest.aeroport.bzh%2F+%C2%BB+Environment&rft.pub=Airport.cci-brest.fr&rft.date=2005-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airport.cci-brest.fr%2Fen%2Faeroport%2Fpresentation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avidcruiser.com/port-profiles/europe/mediterranean/france/brest/">"Port of Call: Brittany's Brest"</a>. <i>The Avid Cruiser</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007195436/http://www.avidcruiser.com:80/port-profiles/europe/mediterranean/france/brest/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Avid+Cruiser&rft.atitle=Port+of+Call%3A+Brittany%27s+Brest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avidcruiser.com%2Fport-profiles%2Feurope%2Fmediterranean%2Ffrance%2Fbrest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cub-brest.fr/fr-investinbrest/documents/recherche.pdf">Source: Invest in Brest, BMO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081122031447/http://www.cub-brest.fr/fr-investinbrest/documents/recherche.pdf">Archived</a> 22 November 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.numista.com/catalogue/exonumia173962.html">"Medal – Ville de Brest"</a>. Numista<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medal+%E2%80%93+Ville+de+Brest&rft.pub=Numista&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.numista.com%2Fcatalogue%2Fexonumia173962.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <i>Ofis ar Brezhoneg</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofis-bzh.org/fr/services/observatoire/travaux.php?travail_id=83"><i>Enseignement bilingue</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130128075656/http://sked.infini.fr/">"[SKED] Les nouveautés"</a>. Sked.infini.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sked.bzh/">the original</a> on 28 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BSKED%26%2393%3B+Les+nouveaut%C3%A9s&rft.pub=Sked.infini.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sked.bzh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwz.ifremer.fr/en">"Institut"</a>. Ifremer.fr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institut&rft.pub=Ifremer.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwz.ifremer.fr%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwz.cedre.fr/en/">"Cedre: Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution"</a>. Cedre.fr. 17 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cedre%3A+Centre+of+Documentation%2C+Research+and+Experimentation+on+Accidental+Water+Pollution&rft.pub=Cedre.fr&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwz.cedre.fr%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Les_jumelages_de_Brest-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Les_jumelages_de_Brest_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Les_jumelages_de_Brest_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mairie-brest.fr/brest/jumelages.htm">Les jumelages de Brest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090715041221/http://www.mairie-brest.fr/brest/jumelages.htm">Archived</a> 15 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Denver_Sister_Cities_International-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Denver_Sister_Cities_International_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121025311/http://denversistercities.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/1st-Q-20101.pdf">"Our First Sister City"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Denver Sister Cities International</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://denversistercities.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/1st-Q-20101.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Denver+Sister+Cities+International&rft.atitle=Our+First+Sister+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdenversistercities.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F10%2F1st-Q-20101.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archant_twinning-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Archant_twinning_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">"British towns twinned with French towns"</a>. <i>Archant Community Media Ltd</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">the original</a> on 5 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archant+Community+Media+Ltd&rft.atitle=British+towns+twinned+with+French+towns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.completefrance.com%2Flanguage-culture%2Ftwin-towns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525124614/http://www.brest.fr/developpement-rayonnement/relations-internationales/les-jumelages.html">"Les jumelages"</a>. Brest.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brest.fr/developpement-rayonnement/relations-internationales/les-jumelages.html">the original</a> on 25 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+jumelages&rft.pub=Brest.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brest.fr%2Fdeveloppement-rayonnement%2Frelations-internationales%2Fles-jumelages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plymouth.gov.uk/homepage/communityandliving/twintowns.htm">"Twin towns"</a>. Plymouth City Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twin+towns&rft.pub=Plymouth+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plymouth.gov.uk%2Fhomepage%2Fcommunityandliving%2Ftwintowns.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrest%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brest,_France#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Brest, France">Bibliography of the history of Brest, France</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brest,_France" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Brest, France">Brest, France</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Brest" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Brest">Brest</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051014035924/http://www.brest-metropole-oceane.fr/vueduciel/">Aerial photos of the whole city and urban community</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brestairport.net/">Brest Airport Travel Guide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060623043012/http://applications-internet.brest-metropole-oceane.fr/VIPDU40/">Interactive City Map of Brest</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brest.fr/">Official website of Brest town hall (with webcam)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=48.392887,-4.479418&spn=0.041503,0.058545&t=k&hl=en">Satellite picture by Google Maps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105231238/http://patrimoine.region-bretagne.fr/main.xsp?execute=parsed_query&query=com:%7CBrest">Brest Cultural Heritage</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.impro-infini.fr/">Brest improvisation theatre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015113443/https://www.impro-infini.fr/">Archived</a> 15 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiki-brest.net/index.php/Accueil">Wiki-Brest</a>, a community wiki containing articles about the city (in French).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.battlefieldsww2.com/brest-u-boat-bunker.html">German submarine base in Brest</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_France" title="Template talk:Cities in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_France_by_population139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in France by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeurbanne" title="Villeurbanne">Villeurbanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis">Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argenteuil" title="Argenteuil">Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Communes_of_the_Finistère_department287" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Finist%C3%A8re_communes" title="Template:Finistère communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Finist%C3%A8re_communes" title="Template talk:Finistère communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Finist%C3%A8re_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Finistère communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Communes_of_the_Finistère_department287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Finist%C3%A8re_department" title="Communes of the Finistère department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argol,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Argol, Finistère">Argol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzano,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Arzano, Finistère">Arzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audierne" title="Audierne">Audierne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannalec" title="Bannalec">Bannalec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baye,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Baye, Finistère">Baye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nodet" title="Bénodet">Bénodet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berrien,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Berrien, Finistère">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuzec-Cap-Sizun" title="Beuzec-Cap-Sizun">Beuzec-Cap-Sizun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodilis" title="Bodilis">Bodilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohars" title="Bohars">Bohars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolazec" title="Bolazec">Bolazec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botmeur" title="Botmeur">Botmeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botsorhel" title="Botsorhel">Botsorhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-Blanc" title="Bourg-Blanc">Bourg-Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasparts" title="Brasparts">Brasparts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9l%C3%A8s" title="Brélès">Brélès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennilis" title="Brennilis">Brennilis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brest</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briec" title="Briec">Briec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaret-sur-Mer" title="Camaret-sur-Mer">Camaret-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carantec" title="Carantec">Carantec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carhaix-Plouguer" title="Carhaix-Plouguer">Carhaix-Plouguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Cast, Finistère">Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teaulin" title="Châteaulin">Châteaulin</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-du-Faou" title="Châteauneuf-du-Faou">Châteauneuf-du-Faou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9den-Cap-Sizun" title="Cléden-Cap-Sizun">Cléden-Cap-Sizun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9den-Poher" title="Cléden-Poher">Cléden-Poher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9der" title="Cléder">Cléder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clohars-Carno%C3%ABt" title="Clohars-Carnoët">Clohars-Carnoët</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clohars-Fouesnant" title="Clohars-Fouesnant">Clohars-Fouesnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Clo%C3%AEtre-Pleyben" title="Le Cloître-Pleyben">Le Cloître-Pleyben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Clo%C3%AEtre-Saint-Th%C3%A9gonnec" title="Le Cloître-Saint-Thégonnec">Le Cloître-Saint-Thégonnec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat-M%C3%A9al" title="Coat-Méal">Coat-Méal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collorec" title="Collorec">Collorec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combrit" title="Combrit">Combrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commana" title="Commana">Commana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concarneau" title="Concarneau">Concarneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confort-Meilars" title="Confort-Meilars">Confort-Meilars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Conquet" title="Le Conquet">Le Conquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coray,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Coray, Finistère">Coray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozon" title="Crozon">Crozon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daoulas" title="Daoulas">Daoulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Din%C3%A9ault" title="Dinéault">Dinéault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirinon" title="Dirinon">Dirinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douarnenez" title="Douarnenez">Douarnenez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Drennec" title="Le Drennec">Le Drennec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edern,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Edern, Finistère">Edern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliant" title="Elliant">Elliant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergu%C3%A9-Gab%C3%A9ric" title="Ergué-Gabéric">Ergué-Gabéric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faou" title="Le Faou">Le Faou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Feuill%C3%A9e" title="La Feuillée">La Feuillée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Folgo%C3%ABt" title="Le Folgoët">Le Folgoët</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Forest-Landerneau" title="La Forest-Landerneau">La Forest-Landerneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_For%C3%AAt-Fouesnant" title="La Forêt-Fouesnant">La Forêt-Fouesnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouesnant" title="Fouesnant">Fouesnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlan" title="Garlan">Garlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouesnac%27h" title="Gouesnac'h">Gouesnac'h</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouesnou" title="Gouesnou">Gouesnou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gou%C3%A9zec" title="Gouézec">Gouézec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulien" title="Goulien">Goulien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulven" title="Goulven">Goulven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gourlizon" title="Gourlizon">Gourlizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guengat" title="Guengat">Guengat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerlesquin" title="Guerlesquin">Guerlesquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiclan" title="Guiclan">Guiclan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilers" title="Guilers">Guilers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiler-sur-Goyen" title="Guiler-sur-Goyen">Guiler-sur-Goyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilligomarc%27h" title="Guilligomarc'h">Guilligomarc'h</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilvinec" title="Guilvinec">Guilvinec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guima%C3%ABc" title="Guimaëc">Guimaëc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guimiliau" title="Guimiliau">Guimiliau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guipavas" title="Guipavas">Guipavas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiss%C3%A9ny" title="Guissény">Guissény</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanvec" title="Hanvec">Hanvec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henvic" title="Henvic">Henvic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4pital-Camfrout" title="Hôpital-Camfrout">Hôpital-Camfrout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huelgoat" title="Huelgoat">Huelgoat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Batz" title="Île de Batz">Île de Batz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Sein" title="Île de Sein">Île de Sein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-Tudy" title="Île-Tudy">Île-Tudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvillac" title="Irvillac">Irvillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Juch" title="Le Juch">Le Juch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kergloff" title="Kergloff">Kergloff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerlaz" title="Kerlaz">Kerlaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerlouan" title="Kerlouan">Kerlouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernilis" title="Kernilis">Kernilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernou%C3%ABs" title="Kernouës">Kernouës</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kersaint-Plabennec" title="Kersaint-Plabennec">Kersaint-Plabennec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampaul-Guimiliau" title="Lampaul-Guimiliau">Lampaul-Guimiliau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampaul-Plouarzel" title="Lampaul-Plouarzel">Lampaul-Plouarzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampaul-Ploudalm%C3%A9zeau" title="Lampaul-Ploudalmézeau">Lampaul-Ploudalmézeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanarvily" title="Lanarvily">Lanarvily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land%C3%A9da" title="Landéda">Landéda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landeleau" title="Landeleau">Landeleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landerneau" title="Landerneau">Landerneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land%C3%A9vennec" title="Landévennec">Landévennec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landivisiau" title="Landivisiau">Landivisiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landr%C3%A9varzec" title="Landrévarzec">Landrévarzec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landudal" title="Landudal">Landudal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landudec" title="Landudec">Landudec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landunvez" title="Landunvez">Landunvez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langolen" title="Langolen">Langolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanhouarneau" title="Lanhouarneau">Lanhouarneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanildut" title="Lanildut">Lanildut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanmeur" title="Lanmeur">Lanmeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lann%C3%A9anou" title="Lannéanou">Lannéanou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lann%C3%A9dern" title="Lannédern">Lannédern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanneuffret" title="Lanneuffret">Lanneuffret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lannilis" title="Lannilis">Lannilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanrivoar%C3%A9" title="Lanrivoaré">Lanrivoaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanv%C3%A9oc" title="Lanvéoc">Lanvéoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Laz, Finistère">Laz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennon,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Lennon, Finistère">Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesneven" title="Lesneven">Lesneven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuhan" title="Leuhan">Leuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loc-Br%C3%A9valaire" title="Loc-Brévalaire">Loc-Brévalaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loc-Eguiner" title="Loc-Eguiner">Loc-Eguiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locmaria-Plouzan%C3%A9" title="Locmaria-Plouzané">Locmaria-Plouzané</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locm%C3%A9lar" title="Locmélar">Locmélar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locqu%C3%A9nol%C3%A9" title="Locquénolé">Locquénolé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locquirec" title="Locquirec">Locquirec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locronan" title="Locronan">Locronan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loctudy" title="Loctudy">Loctudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locunol%C3%A9" title="Locunolé">Locunolé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logonna-Daoulas" title="Logonna-Daoulas">Logonna-Daoulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lop%C3%A9rec" title="Lopérec">Lopérec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loperhet" title="Loperhet">Loperhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loqueffret" title="Loqueffret">Loqueffret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothey" title="Lothey">Lothey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalon" title="Mahalon">Mahalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Martyre" title="La Martyre">La Martyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melgven" title="Melgven">Melgven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellac" title="Mellac">Mellac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mespaul" title="Mespaul">Mespaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milizac-Guipronvel" title="Milizac-Guipronvel">Milizac-Guipronvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%ABlan-sur-Mer" title="Moëlan-sur-Mer">Moëlan-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A8ne" title="Molène">Molène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morlaix" title="Morlaix">Morlaix</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motreff" title="Motreff">Motreff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9vez" title="Névez">Névez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushant" title="Ushant">Ouessant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencran" title="Pencran">Pencran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penmarch" title="Penmarch">Penmarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peumerit" title="Peumerit">Peumerit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plabennec" title="Plabennec">Plabennec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleuven" title="Pleuven">Pleuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleyben" title="Pleyben">Pleyben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleyber-Christ" title="Pleyber-Christ">Pleyber-Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plobannalec-Lesconil" title="Plobannalec-Lesconil">Plobannalec-Lesconil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plo%C3%A9ven" title="Ploéven">Ploéven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plogastel-Saint-Germain" title="Plogastel-Saint-Germain">Plogastel-Saint-Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plogoff" title="Plogoff">Plogoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plogonnec" title="Plogonnec">Plogonnec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plomelin" title="Plomelin">Plomelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plomeur" title="Plomeur">Plomeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plomodiern" title="Plomodiern">Plomodiern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plon%C3%A9is" title="Plonéis">Plonéis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plon%C3%A9our-Lanvern" title="Plonéour-Lanvern">Plonéour-Lanvern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plon%C3%A9vez-du-Faou" title="Plonévez-du-Faou">Plonévez-du-Faou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plon%C3%A9vez-Porzay" title="Plonévez-Porzay">Plonévez-Porzay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouarzel" title="Plouarzel">Plouarzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploudalm%C3%A9zeau" title="Ploudalmézeau">Ploudalmézeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploudaniel" title="Ploudaniel">Ploudaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploudiry" title="Ploudiry">Ploudiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plou%C3%A9dern" title="Plouédern">Plouédern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plou%C3%A9gat-Gu%C3%A9rand" title="Plouégat-Guérand">Plouégat-Guérand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plou%C3%A9gat-Moysan" title="Plouégat-Moysan">Plouégat-Moysan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plou%C3%A9nan" title="Plouénan">Plouénan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouescat" title="Plouescat">Plouescat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouezoc%27h" title="Plouezoc'h">Plouezoc'h</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plougar" title="Plougar">Plougar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plougasnou" title="Plougasnou">Plougasnou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plougastel-Daoulas" title="Plougastel-Daoulas">Plougastel-Daoulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plougonvelin" title="Plougonvelin">Plougonvelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plougonven" title="Plougonven">Plougonven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plougoulm" title="Plougoulm">Plougoulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plougourvest" title="Plougourvest">Plougourvest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouguerneau" title="Plouguerneau">Plouguerneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouguin" title="Plouguin">Plouguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouhinec,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Plouhinec, Finistère">Plouhinec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouider" title="Plouider">Plouider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouigneau" title="Plouigneau">Plouigneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploumoguer" title="Ploumoguer">Ploumoguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploun%C3%A9our-Brignogan-Plages" title="Plounéour-Brignogan-Plages">Plounéour-Brignogan-Plages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploun%C3%A9our-M%C3%A9nez" title="Plounéour-Ménez">Plounéour-Ménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploun%C3%A9venter" title="Plounéventer">Plounéventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploun%C3%A9v%C3%A9zel" title="Plounévézel">Plounévézel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploun%C3%A9vez-Lochrist" title="Plounévez-Lochrist">Plounévez-Lochrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plourin" title="Plourin">Plourin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plourin-l%C3%A8s-Morlaix" title="Plourin-lès-Morlaix">Plourin-lès-Morlaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouvien" title="Plouvien">Plouvien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouvorn" title="Plouvorn">Plouvorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouy%C3%A9" title="Plouyé">Plouyé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouzan%C3%A9" title="Plouzané">Plouzané</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouz%C3%A9v%C3%A9d%C3%A9" title="Plouzévédé">Plouzévédé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plovan" title="Plovan">Plovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploz%C3%A9vet" title="Plozévet">Plozévet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluguffan" title="Pluguffan">Pluguffan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Aven" title="Pont-Aven">Pont-Aven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Croix" title="Pont-Croix">Pont-Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-de-Buis-l%C3%A8s-Quimerch" title="Pont-de-Buis-lès-Quimerch">Pont-de-Buis-lès-Quimerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-l%27Abb%C3%A9" title="Pont-l'Abbé">Pont-l'Abbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porspoder" title="Porspoder">Porspoder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-Launay" title="Port-Launay">Port-Launay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouldergat" title="Pouldergat">Pouldergat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouldreuzic" title="Pouldreuzic">Pouldreuzic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poullan-sur-Mer" title="Poullan-sur-Mer">Poullan-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poullaouen" title="Poullaouen">Poullaouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primelin" title="Primelin">Primelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9m%C3%A9n%C3%A9ven" title="Quéménéven">Quéménéven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Querrien" title="Querrien">Querrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimperl%C3%A9" title="Quimperlé">Quimperlé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9den%C3%A9" title="Rédené">Rédené</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Relecq-Kerhuon" title="Le Relecq-Kerhuon">Le Relecq-Kerhuon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riec-sur-B%C3%A9lon" title="Riec-sur-Bélon">Riec-sur-Bélon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-Maurice" title="La Roche-Maurice">La Roche-Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscanvel" title="Roscanvel">Roscanvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoff" title="Roscoff">Roscoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosno%C3%ABn" title="Rosnoën">Rosnoën</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosporden" title="Rosporden">Rosporden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Coulitz" title="Saint-Coulitz">Saint-Coulitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Derrien" title="Saint-Derrien">Saint-Derrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Divy" title="Saint-Divy">Saint-Divy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Eloy,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Eloy, Finistère">Saint-Eloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-S%C3%A8ve" title="Sainte-Sève">Sainte-Sève</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89varzec" title="Saint-Évarzec">Saint-Évarzec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Fr%C3%A9gant" title="Saint-Frégant">Saint-Frégant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Goazec" title="Saint-Goazec">Saint-Goazec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hernin" title="Saint-Hernin">Saint-Hernin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-du-Doigt" title="Saint-Jean-du-Doigt">Saint-Jean-du-Doigt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Trolimon" title="Saint-Jean-Trolimon">Saint-Jean-Trolimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-des-Champs,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Finistère">Saint-Martin-des-Champs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-M%C3%A9en" title="Saint-Méen">Saint-Méen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nic" title="Saint-Nic">Saint-Nic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pabu" title="Saint-Pabu">Saint-Pabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pol-de-L%C3%A9on" title="Saint-Pol-de-Léon">Saint-Pol-de-Léon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Renan" title="Saint-Renan">Saint-Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Rivoal" title="Saint-Rivoal">Saint-Rivoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Sauveur, Finistère">Saint-Sauveur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-S%C3%A9gal" title="Saint-Ségal">Saint-Ségal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Servais,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Servais, Finistère">Saint-Servais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Th%C3%A9gonnec_Loc-Eguiner" title="Saint-Thégonnec Loc-Eguiner">Saint-Thégonnec Loc-Eguiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Thois" title="Saint-Thois">Saint-Thois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Thonan" title="Saint-Thonan">Saint-Thonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Thurien,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Thurien, Finistère">Saint-Thurien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Urbain,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Urbain, Finistère">Saint-Urbain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vougay" title="Saint-Vougay">Saint-Vougay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Yvi" title="Saint-Yvi">Saint-Yvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santec" title="Santec">Santec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sca%C3%ABr" title="Scaër">Scaër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrignac" title="Scrignac">Scrignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibiril" title="Sibiril">Sibiril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizun" title="Sizun">Sizun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9zet" title="Spézet">Spézet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taul%C3%A9" title="Taulé">Taulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telgruc-sur-Mer" title="Telgruc-sur-Mer">Telgruc-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourch" title="Tourch">Tourch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9babu" title="Trébabu">Trébabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treffiagat" title="Treffiagat">Treffiagat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9flaou%C3%A9nan" title="Tréflaouénan">Tréflaouénan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9fl%C3%A9v%C3%A9nez" title="Tréflévénez">Tréflévénez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9flez" title="Tréflez">Tréflez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9garantec" title="Trégarantec">Trégarantec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9garvan" title="Trégarvan">Trégarvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9glonou" title="Tréglonou">Tréglonou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9gourez" title="Trégourez">Trégourez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9guennec" title="Tréguennec">Tréguennec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9gunc" title="Trégunc">Trégunc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Tr%C3%A9hou" title="Le Tréhou">Le Tréhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9maou%C3%A9zan" title="Trémaouézan">Trémaouézan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9m%C3%A9oc" title="Tréméoc">Tréméoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9m%C3%A9ven,_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Tréméven, Finistère">Tréméven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9ogat" title="Tréogat">Tréogat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9ouergat" title="Tréouergat">Tréouergat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Tr%C3%A9voux" title="Le Trévoux">Le Trévoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9zilid%C3%A9" title="Trézilidé">Trézilidé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12193#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312794566">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJr7VCq6GkJhkMxmHVmPQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4090083-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79073553">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15254374k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15254374k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Brest (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134082&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5595889">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564335905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/55f61093-4e56-4951-97d2-c6ded8710a06">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045037">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&oldid=1276482219">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brest,_France&oldid=1276482219</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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