CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html class="split index" lang=en-US-x-hixie><script src=/link-fixup.js defer=""></script><meta charset=utf-8><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" name=viewport><title>HTML Standard</title><meta content=#3c790a name=theme-color><meta content="light dark" name=color-scheme><link rel=stylesheet href=https://resources.whatwg.org/standard-shared-with-dev.css crossorigin=""><link rel=stylesheet href=https://resources.whatwg.org/standard.css crossorigin=""><link rel=stylesheet href=https://resources.whatwg.org/spec.css crossorigin=""><link rel=icon href=https://resources.whatwg.org/logo.svg crossorigin=""><link rel=stylesheet href=/styles.css crossorigin=""><script> function toggleStatus(div) { div.parentNode.classList.toggle('wrapped'); } function setLinkFragment(link) { link.hash = location.hash; } </script><body> <script defer="" crossorigin="" src=/html-dfn.js></script> <script crossorigin="" defer="" src=https://resources.whatwg.org/commit-snapshot-shortcut-key.js></script> <header id=head class="head with-buttons"> <a href=https://whatwg.org/ class=logo><img width=100 alt=WHATWG crossorigin="" class=darkmode-aware src=https://resources.whatwg.org/logo.svg height=100></a> <hgroup><h1 class=allcaps>HTML</h1>Living Standard — Last Updated 22 November 2024</hgroup> <nav> <div> <a href=/>One-Page Version <code>html.spec.whatwg.org</code></a> <a onclick=setLinkFragment(this); id=multipage-link href=/multipage/>Multipage Version <code>/multipage</code></a> <a onclick=setLinkFragment(this); href=/dev/>Version for Web Devs <code>/dev</code></a> <a href=/print.pdf>PDF Version <code>/print.pdf</code></a> <a href=https://github.com/whatwg/html/wiki/Translations>Translations <code>日本語 • 简体中文</code></a> </div> <div> <a href=https://github.com/whatwg/html/blob/main/FAQ.md class=misc>FAQ <code>on GitHub</code></a> <a href=https://whatwg.org/chat class=comms>Chat <code>on Matrix</code></a> </div> <div> <a href=https://github.com/whatwg/html class=changes>Contribute on GitHub <code>whatwg/html repository</code></a> <a href=https://github.com/whatwg/html/commits class=changes>Commits <code>on GitHub</code></a> <a id=commit-snapshot-link href=/commit-snapshots/dac8ec1801f003b7204dc7ebc668d5c4b6071747/ class=changes>Snapshot <code>as of this commit</code></a> <a href=https://twitter.com/htmlstandard class=changes>Twitter Updates <code>@htmlstandard</code></a> </div> <div> <a href=https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues class=feedback>Open Issues <code>filed on GitHub</code></a> <a href=https://whatwg.org/newbug class=feedback>Open an Issue <code>whatwg.org/newbug</code></a> <a href=https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt/tree/master/html class=feedback>Tests <code>web-platform-tests html/</code></a> <a href=https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt/labels/html class=feedback>Issues for Tests <code>ongoing work</code></a> </div> </nav> </header> <hr> <h2 id=table-of-contents class="no-num no-toc">Table of contents</h2> <ol class="brief toc"><li><a href=#toc-introduction>1 Introduction</a><li><a href=#toc-infrastructure>2 Common infrastructure</a><li><a href=#toc-dom>3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a><li><a href=#toc-semantics>4 The elements of HTML</a><li><a href=#toc-microdata>5 Microdata</a><li><a href=#toc-editing>6 User interaction</a><li><a href=#toc-browsers>7 Loading web pages</a><li><a href=#toc-webappapis>8 Web application APIs</a><li><a href=#toc-comms>9 Communication</a><li><a href=#toc-workers>10 Web workers</a><li><a href=#toc-worklets>11 Worklets</a><li><a href=#toc-webstorage>12 Web storage</a><li><a href=#toc-syntax>13 The HTML syntax</a><li><a href=#toc-the-xhtml-syntax>14 The XML syntax</a><li><a href=#toc-rendering>15 Rendering</a><li><a href=#toc-obsolete>16 Obsolete features</a><li><a href=#toc-iana>17 IANA considerations</a><li><a href=#toc-index>Index</a><li><a href=#toc-references>References</a><li><a href=#toc-acknowledgments>Acknowledgments</a><li><a href=#toc-ipr>Intellectual property rights</a></ol> <h2 id=contents class="no-num no-toc">Full table of contents</h2> <ol class=toc><li id=toc-introduction><a href=introduction.html#introduction>1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=introduction.html#abstract>1.1 Where does this specification fit?</a><li><a href=introduction.html#is-this-html5?>1.2 Is this HTML5?</a><li><a href=introduction.html#background>1.3 Background</a><li><a href=introduction.html#audience>1.4 Audience</a><li><a href=introduction.html#scope>1.5 Scope</a><li><a href=introduction.html#history-2>1.6 History</a><li><a href=introduction.html#design-notes>1.7 Design notes</a><ol><li><a href=introduction.html#serialisability-of-script-execution>1.7.1 Serializability of script execution</a><li><a href=introduction.html#compliance-with-other-specifications>1.7.2 Compliance with other specifications</a><li><a href=introduction.html#extensibility>1.7.3 Extensibility</a></ol><li><a href=introduction.html#html-vs-xhtml>1.8 HTML vs XML syntax</a><li><a href=introduction.html#structure-of-this-specification>1.9 Structure of this specification</a><ol><li><a href=introduction.html#how-to-read-this-specification>1.9.1 How to read this specification</a><li><a href=introduction.html#typographic-conventions>1.9.2 Typographic conventions</a></ol><li><a href=introduction.html#a-quick-introduction-to-html>1.10 A quick introduction to HTML</a><ol><li><a href=introduction.html#writing-secure-applications-with-html>1.10.1 Writing secure applications with HTML</a><li><a href=introduction.html#common-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-using-the-scripting-apis>1.10.2 Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs</a><li><a href=introduction.html#how-to-catch-mistakes-when-writing-html:-validators-and-conformance-checkers>1.10.3 How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers</a></ol><li><a href=introduction.html#conformance-requirements-for-authors>1.11 Conformance requirements for authors</a><ol><li><a href=introduction.html#presentational-markup>1.11.1 Presentational markup</a><li><a href=introduction.html#syntax-errors>1.11.2 Syntax errors</a><li><a href=introduction.html#restrictions-on-content-models-and-on-attribute-values>1.11.3 Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</a></ol><li><a href=introduction.html#suggested-reading>1.12 Suggested reading</a></ol><li id=toc-infrastructure><a href=infrastructure.html#infrastructure>2 Common infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=infrastructure.html#terminology>2.1 Terminology</a><ol><li><a href=infrastructure.html#parallelism>2.1.1 Parallelism</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#resources>2.1.2 Resources</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#xml>2.1.3 XML compatibility</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#dom-trees>2.1.4 DOM trees</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#scripting-2>2.1.5 Scripting</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#plugins>2.1.6 Plugins</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#encoding-terminology>2.1.7 Character encodings</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#conformance-classes>2.1.8 Conformance classes</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#dependencies>2.1.9 Dependencies</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#extensibility-2>2.1.10 Extensibility</a><li><a href=infrastructure.html#interactions-with-xpath-and-xslt>2.1.11 Interactions with XPath and XSLT</a></ol><li><a href=infrastructure.html#policy-controlled-features>2.2 Policy-controlled features</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#common-microsyntaxes>2.3 Common microsyntaxes</a><ol><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#common-parser-idioms>2.3.1 Common parser idioms</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attributes>2.3.2 Boolean attributes</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#keywords-and-enumerated-attributes>2.3.3 Keywords and enumerated attributes</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#numbers>2.3.4 Numbers</a><ol><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#signed-integers>2.3.4.1 Signed integers</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#non-negative-integers>2.3.4.2 Non-negative integers</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#floating-point-numbers>2.3.4.3 Floating-point numbers</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#percentages-and-dimensions>2.3.4.4 Percentages and lengths</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#nonzero-percentages-and-lengths>2.3.4.5 Nonzero percentages and lengths</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#lists-of-floating-point-numbers>2.3.4.6 Lists of floating-point numbers</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#lists-of-dimensions>2.3.4.7 Lists of dimensions</a></ol><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#dates-and-times>2.3.5 Dates and times</a><ol><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#months>2.3.5.1 Months</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#dates>2.3.5.2 Dates</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#yearless-dates>2.3.5.3 Yearless dates</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#times>2.3.5.4 Times</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#local-dates-and-times>2.3.5.5 Local dates and times</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#time-zones>2.3.5.6 Time zones</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#global-dates-and-times>2.3.5.7 Global dates and times</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#weeks>2.3.5.8 Weeks</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#durations>2.3.5.9 Durations</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#vaguer-moments-in-time>2.3.5.10 Vaguer moments in time</a></ol><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#colours>2.3.6 Legacy colors</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#space-separated-tokens>2.3.7 Space-separated tokens</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#comma-separated-tokens>2.3.8 Comma-separated tokens</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#syntax-references>2.3.9 References</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#mq>2.3.10 Media queries</a><li><a href=common-microsyntaxes.html#unique-values>2.3.11 Unique internal values</a></ol><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#urls>2.4 URLs</a><ol><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#terminology-2>2.4.1 Terminology</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#resolving-urls>2.4.2 Parsing URLs</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#dynamic-changes-to-base-urls>2.4.3 Dynamic changes to base URLs</a></ol><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#fetching-resources>2.5 Fetching resources</a><ol><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#terminology-3>2.5.1 Terminology</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#content-type-sniffing>2.5.2 Determining the type of a resource</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#extracting-character-encodings-from-meta-elements>2.5.3 Extracting character encodings from <code>meta</code> elements</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#cors-settings-attributes>2.5.4 CORS settings attributes</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#referrer-policy-attributes>2.5.5 Referrer policy attributes</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#nonce-attributes>2.5.6 Nonce attributes</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#lazy-loading-attributes>2.5.7 Lazy loading attributes</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#blocking-attributes>2.5.8 Blocking attributes</a><li><a href=urls-and-fetching.html#fetch-priority-attributes>2.5.9 Fetch priority attributes</a></ol><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#common-dom-interfaces>2.6 Common DOM interfaces</a><ol><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes>2.6.1 Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</a><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#using-reflect-in-specifications>2.6.2 Using reflect in specifications</a><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#collections>2.6.3 Collections</a><ol><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#the-htmlallcollection-interface>2.6.3.1 The <code>HTMLAllCollection</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#HTMLAllCollection-call>2.6.3.1.1 [[Call]] ( <var>thisArgument</var>, <var>argumentsList</var> )</a></ol><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#the-htmlformcontrolscollection-interface>2.6.3.2 The <code>HTMLFormControlsCollection</code> interface</a><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#the-htmloptionscollection-interface>2.6.3.3 The <code>HTMLOptionsCollection</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=common-dom-interfaces.html#the-domstringlist-interface>2.6.4 The <code>DOMStringList</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=structured-data.html#safe-passing-of-structured-data>2.7 Safe passing of structured data</a><ol><li><a href=structured-data.html#serializable-objects>2.7.1 Serializable objects</a><li><a href=structured-data.html#transferable-objects>2.7.2 Transferable objects</a><li><a href=structured-data.html#structuredserializeinternal>2.7.3 StructuredSerializeInternal ( <var>value</var>, <var>forStorage</var> [ , <var>memory</var> ] )</a><li><a href=structured-data.html#structuredserialize>2.7.4 StructuredSerialize ( <var>value</var> )</a><li><a href=structured-data.html#structuredserializeforstorage>2.7.5 StructuredSerializeForStorage ( <var>value</var> )</a><li><a href=structured-data.html#structureddeserialize>2.7.6 StructuredDeserialize ( <var>serialized</var>, <var>targetRealm</var> [ , <var>memory</var> ] )</a><li><a href=structured-data.html#structuredserializewithtransfer>2.7.7 StructuredSerializeWithTransfer ( <var>value</var>, <var>transferList</var> )</a><li><a href=structured-data.html#structureddeserializewithtransfer>2.7.8 StructuredDeserializeWithTransfer ( <var>serializeWithTransferResult</var>, <var>targetRealm</var> )</a><li><a href=structured-data.html#performing-structured-clones-from-other-specifications>2.7.9 Performing serialization and transferring from other specifications</a><li><a href=structured-data.html#structured-cloning>2.7.10 Structured cloning API</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-dom><a href=dom.html#dom>3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#documents>3.1 Documents</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#the-document-object>3.1.1 The <code>Document</code> object</a><li><a href=dom.html#the-documentorshadowroot-interface>3.1.2 The <code>DocumentOrShadowRoot</code> interface</a><li><a href=dom.html#resource-metadata-management>3.1.3 Resource metadata management</a><li><a href=dom.html#reporting-document-loading-status>3.1.4 Reporting document loading status</a><li><a href=dom.html#render-blocking-mechanism>3.1.5 Render-blocking mechanism</a><li><a href=dom.html#dom-tree-accessors>3.1.6 DOM tree accessors</a></ol><li><a href=dom.html#elements>3.2 Elements</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#semantics-2>3.2.1 Semantics</a><li><a href=dom.html#elements-in-the-dom>3.2.2 Elements in the DOM</a><li><a href=dom.html#html-element-constructors>3.2.3 HTML element constructors</a><li><a href=dom.html#element-definitions>3.2.4 Element definitions</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#attributes>3.2.4.1 Attributes</a></ol><li><a href=dom.html#content-models>3.2.5 Content models</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#the-nothing-content-model>3.2.5.1 The "nothing" content model</a><li><a href=dom.html#kinds-of-content>3.2.5.2 Kinds of content</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#metadata-content>3.2.5.2.1 Metadata content</a><li><a href=dom.html#flow-content>3.2.5.2.2 Flow content</a><li><a href=dom.html#sectioning-content>3.2.5.2.3 Sectioning content</a><li><a href=dom.html#heading-content>3.2.5.2.4 Heading content</a><li><a href=dom.html#phrasing-content>3.2.5.2.5 Phrasing content</a><li><a href=dom.html#embedded-content-2>3.2.5.2.6 Embedded content</a><li><a href=dom.html#interactive-content>3.2.5.2.7 Interactive content</a><li><a href=dom.html#palpable-content>3.2.5.2.8 Palpable content</a><li><a href=dom.html#script-supporting-elements>3.2.5.2.9 Script-supporting elements</a></ol><li><a href=dom.html#transparent-content-models>3.2.5.3 Transparent content models</a><li><a href=dom.html#paragraphs>3.2.5.4 Paragraphs</a></ol><li><a href=dom.html#global-attributes>3.2.6 Global attributes</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#the-title-attribute>3.2.6.1 The <code>title</code> attribute</a><li><a href=dom.html#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes>3.2.6.2 The <code>lang</code> and <code>xml:lang</code> attributes</a><li><a href=dom.html#the-translate-attribute>3.2.6.3 The <code>translate</code> attribute</a><li><a href=dom.html#the-dir-attribute>3.2.6.4 The <code>dir</code> attribute</a><li><a href=dom.html#the-style-attribute>3.2.6.5 The <code>style</code> attribute</a><li><a href=dom.html#embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-*-attributes>3.2.6.6 Embedding custom non-visible data with the <code>data-*</code> attributes</a></ol><li><a href=dom.html#the-innertext-idl-attribute>3.2.7 The <code>innerText</code> and <code>outerText</code> properties</a><li><a href=dom.html#requirements-relating-to-the-bidirectional-algorithm>3.2.8 Requirements relating to the bidirectional algorithm</a><ol><li><a href=dom.html#authoring-conformance-criteria-for-bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-characters>3.2.8.1 Authoring conformance criteria for bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters</a><li><a href=dom.html#user-agent-conformance-criteria>3.2.8.2 User agent conformance criteria</a></ol><li><a href=dom.html#wai-aria>3.2.9 Requirements related to ARIA and to platform accessibility APIs</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-semantics><a href=semantics.html#semantics>4 The elements of HTML</a><ol><li><a href=semantics.html#the-root-element>4.1 The document element</a><ol><li><a href=semantics.html#the-html-element>4.1.1 The <code>html</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=semantics.html#document-metadata>4.2 Document metadata</a><ol><li><a href=semantics.html#the-head-element>4.2.1 The <code>head</code> element</a><li><a href=semantics.html#the-title-element>4.2.2 The <code>title</code> element</a><li><a href=semantics.html#the-base-element>4.2.3 The <code>base</code> element</a><li><a href=semantics.html#the-link-element>4.2.4 The <code>link</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=semantics.html#processing-the-media-attribute>4.2.4.1 Processing the <code>media</code> attribute</a><li><a href=semantics.html#processing-the-type-attribute>4.2.4.2 Processing the <code>type</code> attribute</a><li><a href=semantics.html#fetching-and-processing-a-resource-from-a-link-element>4.2.4.3 Fetching and processing a resource from a <code>link</code> element</a><li><a href=semantics.html#processing-link-headers>4.2.4.4 Processing `<code>Link</code>` headers</a><li><a href=semantics.html#early-hints>4.2.4.5 Early hints</a><li><a href=semantics.html#providing-users-with-a-means-to-follow-hyperlinks-created-using-the-link-element>4.2.4.6 Providing users with a means to follow hyperlinks created using the <code>link</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=semantics.html#the-meta-element>4.2.5 The <code>meta</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=semantics.html#standard-metadata-names>4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names</a><li><a href=semantics.html#other-metadata-names>4.2.5.2 Other metadata names</a><li><a href=semantics.html#pragma-directives>4.2.5.3 Pragma directives</a><li><a href=semantics.html#charset>4.2.5.4 Specifying the document's character encoding</a></ol><li><a href=semantics.html#the-style-element>4.2.6 The <code>style</code> element</a><li><a href=semantics.html#interactions-of-styling-and-scripting>4.2.7 Interactions of styling and scripting</a></ol><li><a href=sections.html#sections>4.3 Sections</a><ol><li><a href=sections.html#the-body-element>4.3.1 The <code>body</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-article-element>4.3.2 The <code>article</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-section-element>4.3.3 The <code>section</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-nav-element>4.3.4 The <code>nav</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-aside-element>4.3.5 The <code>aside</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>4.3.6 The <code>h1</code>, <code>h2</code>, <code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>, <code>h5</code>, and <code>h6</code> elements</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-hgroup-element>4.3.7 The <code>hgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-header-element>4.3.8 The <code>header</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-footer-element>4.3.9 The <code>footer</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#the-address-element>4.3.10 The <code>address</code> element</a><li><a href=sections.html#headings-and-outlines-2>4.3.11 Headings and outlines</a><ol><li><a href=sections.html#sample-outlines>4.3.11.1 Sample outlines</a><li><a href=sections.html#exposing-outlines-to-users>4.3.11.2 Exposing outlines to users</a></ol><li><a href=sections.html#usage-summary-2>4.3.12 Usage summary</a><ol><li><a href=sections.html#article-or-section>4.3.12.1 Article or section?</a></ol></ol><li><a href=grouping-content.html#grouping-content>4.4 Grouping content</a><ol><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-p-element>4.4.1 The <code>p</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-hr-element>4.4.2 The <code>hr</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-pre-element>4.4.3 The <code>pre</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-blockquote-element>4.4.4 The <code>blockquote</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-ol-element>4.4.5 The <code>ol</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-ul-element>4.4.6 The <code>ul</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-menu-element>4.4.7 The <code>menu</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-li-element>4.4.8 The <code>li</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-dl-element>4.4.9 The <code>dl</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-dt-element>4.4.10 The <code>dt</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-dd-element>4.4.11 The <code>dd</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-figure-element>4.4.12 The <code>figure</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-figcaption-element>4.4.13 The <code>figcaption</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-main-element>4.4.14 The <code>main</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-search-element>4.4.15 The <code>search</code> element</a><li><a href=grouping-content.html#the-div-element>4.4.16 The <code>div</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#text-level-semantics>4.5 Text-level semantics</a><ol><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element>4.5.1 The <code>a</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element>4.5.2 The <code>em</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element>4.5.3 The <code>strong</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element>4.5.4 The <code>small</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-s-element>4.5.5 The <code>s</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element>4.5.6 The <code>cite</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-q-element>4.5.7 The <code>q</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element>4.5.8 The <code>dfn</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-abbr-element>4.5.9 The <code>abbr</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element>4.5.10 The <code>ruby</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element>4.5.11 The <code>rt</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element>4.5.12 The <code>rp</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-data-element>4.5.13 The <code>data</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-time-element>4.5.14 The <code>time</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-code-element>4.5.15 The <code>code</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-var-element>4.5.16 The <code>var</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-samp-element>4.5.17 The <code>samp</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-kbd-element>4.5.18 The <code>kbd</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-sub-and-sup-elements>4.5.19 The <code>sub</code> and <code>sup</code> elements</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element>4.5.20 The <code>i</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element>4.5.21 The <code>b</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-u-element>4.5.22 The <code>u</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-mark-element>4.5.23 The <code>mark</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-bdi-element>4.5.24 The <code>bdi</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-bdo-element>4.5.25 The <code>bdo</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-span-element>4.5.26 The <code>span</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-br-element>4.5.27 The <code>br</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#the-wbr-element>4.5.28 The <code>wbr</code> element</a><li><a href=text-level-semantics.html#usage-summary>4.5.29 Usage summary</a></ol><li><a href=links.html#links>4.6 Links</a><ol><li><a href=links.html#introduction-2>4.6.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=links.html#links-created-by-a-and-area-elements>4.6.2 Links created by <code>a</code> and <code>area</code> elements</a><li><a href=links.html#api-for-a-and-area-elements>4.6.3 API for <code>a</code> and <code>area</code> elements</a><li><a href=links.html#following-hyperlinks>4.6.4 Following hyperlinks</a><li><a href=links.html#downloading-resources>4.6.5 Downloading resources</a><li><a href=links.html#hyperlink-auditing>4.6.6 Hyperlink auditing</a><ol><li><a href=links.html#the-ping-headers>4.6.6.1 The `<code>Ping-From</code>` and `<code>Ping-To</code>` headers</a></ol><li><a href=links.html#linkTypes>4.6.7 Link types</a><ol><li><a href=links.html#rel-alternate>4.6.7.1 Link type "<code>alternate</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-author>4.6.7.2 Link type "<code>author</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-bookmark>4.6.7.3 Link type "<code>bookmark</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-canonical>4.6.7.4 Link type "<code>canonical</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-dns-prefetch>4.6.7.5 Link type "<code>dns-prefetch</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-expect>4.6.7.6 Link type "<code>expect</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-external>4.6.7.7 Link type "<code>external</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-help>4.6.7.8 Link type "<code>help</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#rel-icon>4.6.7.9 Link type "<code>icon</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-license>4.6.7.10 Link type "<code>license</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-manifest>4.6.7.11 Link type "<code>manifest</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-modulepreload>4.6.7.12 Link type "<code>modulepreload</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-nofollow>4.6.7.13 Link type "<code>nofollow</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-noopener>4.6.7.14 Link type "<code>noopener</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-noreferrer>4.6.7.15 Link type "<code>noreferrer</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-opener>4.6.7.16 Link type "<code>opener</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-pingback>4.6.7.17 Link type "<code>pingback</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-preconnect>4.6.7.18 Link type "<code>preconnect</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-prefetch>4.6.7.19 Link type "<code>prefetch</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-preload>4.6.7.20 Link type "<code>preload</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-privacy-policy>4.6.7.21 Link type "<code>privacy-policy</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-search>4.6.7.22 Link type "<code>search</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-stylesheet>4.6.7.23 Link type "<code>stylesheet</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-tag>4.6.7.24 Link type "<code>tag</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-terms-of-service>4.6.7.25 Link Type "<code>terms-of-service</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#sequential-link-types>4.6.7.26 Sequential link types</a><ol><li><a href=links.html#link-type-next>4.6.7.26.1 Link type "<code>next</code>"</a><li><a href=links.html#link-type-prev>4.6.7.26.2 Link type "<code>prev</code>"</a></ol><li><a href=links.html#other-link-types>4.6.7.27 Other link types</a></ol></ol><li><a href=edits.html#edits>4.7 Edits</a><ol><li><a href=edits.html#the-ins-element>4.7.1 The <code>ins</code> element</a><li><a href=edits.html#the-del-element>4.7.2 The <code>del</code> element</a><li><a href=edits.html#attributes-common-to-ins-and-del-elements>4.7.3 Attributes common to <code>ins</code> and <code>del</code> elements</a><li><a href=edits.html#edits-and-paragraphs>4.7.4 Edits and paragraphs</a><li><a href=edits.html#edits-and-lists>4.7.5 Edits and lists</a><li><a href=edits.html#edits-and-tables>4.7.6 Edits and tables</a></ol><li><a href=embedded-content.html#embedded-content>4.8 Embedded content</a><ol><li><a href=embedded-content.html#the-picture-element>4.8.1 The <code>picture</code> element</a><li><a href=embedded-content.html#the-source-element>4.8.2 The <code>source</code> element</a><li><a href=embedded-content.html#the-img-element>4.8.3 The <code>img</code> element</a><li><a href=images.html#images>4.8.4 Images</a><ol><li><a href=images.html#introduction-3>4.8.4.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=images.html#adaptive-images>4.8.4.1.1 Adaptive images</a></ol><li><a href=images.html#attributes-common-to-source-and-img-elements>4.8.4.2 Attributes common to <code>source</code>, <code>img</code>, and <code>link</code> elements</a><ol><li><a href=images.html#srcset-attributes>4.8.4.2.1 Srcset attributes</a><li><a href=images.html#sizes-attributes>4.8.4.2.2 Sizes attributes</a></ol><li><a href=images.html#images-processing-model>4.8.4.3 Processing model</a><ol><li><a href=images.html#when-to-obtain-images>4.8.4.3.1 When to obtain images</a><li><a href=images.html#reacting-to-dom-mutations>4.8.4.3.2 Reacting to DOM mutations</a><li><a href=images.html#the-list-of-available-images>4.8.4.3.3 The list of available images</a><li><a href=images.html#decoding-images>4.8.4.3.4 Decoding images</a><li><a href=images.html#updating-the-image-data>4.8.4.3.5 Updating the image data</a><li><a href=images.html#preparing-an-image-for-presentation>4.8.4.3.6 Preparing an image for presentation</a><li><a href=images.html#selecting-an-image-source>4.8.4.3.7 Selecting an image source</a><li><a href=images.html#creating-a-source-set-from-attributes>4.8.4.3.8 Creating a source set from attributes</a><li><a href=images.html#updating-the-source-set>4.8.4.3.9 Updating the source set</a><li><a href=images.html#parsing-a-srcset-attribute>4.8.4.3.10 Parsing a srcset attribute</a><li><a href=images.html#parsing-a-sizes-attribute>4.8.4.3.11 Parsing a sizes attribute</a><li><a href=images.html#normalizing-the-source-densities>4.8.4.3.12 Normalizing the source densities</a><li><a href=images.html#reacting-to-environment-changes>4.8.4.3.13 Reacting to environment changes</a></ol><li><a href=images.html#alt>4.8.4.4 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images</a><ol><li><a href=images.html#general-guidelines>4.8.4.4.1 General guidelines</a><li><a href=images.html#a-link-or-button-containing-nothing-but-the-image>4.8.4.4.2 A link or button containing nothing but the image</a><li><a href=images.html#a-phrase-or-paragraph-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-charts,-diagrams,-graphs,-maps,-illustrations>4.8.4.4.3 A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations</a><li><a href=images.html#a-short-phrase-or-label-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-icons,-logos>4.8.4.4.4 A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos</a><li><a href=images.html#text-that-has-been-rendered-to-a-graphic-for-typographical-effect>4.8.4.4.5 Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect</a><li><a href=images.html#a-graphical-representation-of-some-of-the-surrounding-text>4.8.4.4.6 A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text</a><li><a href=images.html#ancillary-images>4.8.4.4.7 Ancillary images</a><li><a href="images.html#a-purely-decorative-image-that-doesn't-add-any-information">4.8.4.4.8 A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information</a><li><a href=images.html#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-no-links>4.8.4.4.9 A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links</a><li><a href=images.html#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-links>4.8.4.4.10 A group of images that form a single larger picture with links</a><li><a href=images.html#a-key-part-of-the-content>4.8.4.4.11 A key part of the content</a><li><a href=images.html#an-image-not-intended-for-the-user>4.8.4.4.12 An image not intended for the user</a><li><a href=images.html#an-image-in-an-e-mail-or-private-document-intended-for-a-specific-person-who-is-known-to-be-able-to-view-images>4.8.4.4.13 An image in an email or private document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images</a><li><a href=images.html#guidance-for-markup-generators>4.8.4.4.14 Guidance for markup generators</a><li><a href=images.html#guidance-for-conformance-checkers>4.8.4.4.15 Guidance for conformance checkers</a></ol></ol><li><a href=iframe-embed-object.html#the-iframe-element>4.8.5 The <code>iframe</code> element</a><li><a href=iframe-embed-object.html#the-embed-element>4.8.6 The <code>embed</code> element</a><li><a href=iframe-embed-object.html#the-object-element>4.8.7 The <code>object</code> element</a><li><a href=media.html#the-video-element>4.8.8 The <code>video</code> element</a><li><a href=media.html#the-audio-element>4.8.9 The <code>audio</code> element</a><li><a href=media.html#the-track-element>4.8.10 The <code>track</code> element</a><li><a href=media.html#media-elements>4.8.11 Media elements</a><ol><li><a href=media.html#error-codes>4.8.11.1 Error codes</a><li><a href=media.html#location-of-the-media-resource>4.8.11.2 Location of the media resource</a><li><a href=media.html#mime-types>4.8.11.3 MIME types</a><li><a href=media.html#network-states>4.8.11.4 Network states</a><li><a href=media.html#loading-the-media-resource>4.8.11.5 Loading the media resource</a><li><a href=media.html#offsets-into-the-media-resource>4.8.11.6 Offsets into the media resource</a><li><a href=media.html#ready-states>4.8.11.7 Ready states</a><li><a href=media.html#playing-the-media-resource>4.8.11.8 Playing the media resource</a><li><a href=media.html#seeking>4.8.11.9 Seeking</a><li><a href=media.html#media-resources-with-multiple-media-tracks>4.8.11.10 Media resources with multiple media tracks</a><ol><li><a href=media.html#audiotracklist-and-videotracklist-objects>4.8.11.10.1 <code>AudioTrackList</code> and <code>VideoTrackList</code> objects</a><li><a href=media.html#selecting-specific-audio-and-video-tracks-declaratively>4.8.11.10.2 Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively</a></ol><li><a href=media.html#timed-text-tracks>4.8.11.11 Timed text tracks</a><ol><li><a href=media.html#text-track-model>4.8.11.11.1 Text track model</a><li><a href=media.html#sourcing-in-band-text-tracks>4.8.11.11.2 Sourcing in-band text tracks</a><li><a href=media.html#sourcing-out-of-band-text-tracks>4.8.11.11.3 Sourcing out-of-band text tracks</a><li><a href=media.html#guidelines-for-exposing-cues-in-various-formats-as-text-track-cues>4.8.11.11.4 Guidelines for exposing cues in various formats as text track cues</a><li><a href=media.html#text-track-api>4.8.11.11.5 Text track API</a><li><a href=media.html#cue-events>4.8.11.11.6 Event handlers for objects of the text track APIs</a><li><a href=media.html#best-practices-for-metadata-text-tracks>4.8.11.11.7 Best practices for metadata text tracks</a></ol><li><a href=media.html#identifying-a-track-kind-through-a-url>4.8.11.12 Identifying a track kind through a URL</a><li><a href=media.html#user-interface>4.8.11.13 User interface</a><li><a href=media.html#time-ranges>4.8.11.14 Time ranges</a><li><a href=media.html#the-trackevent-interface>4.8.11.15 The <code>TrackEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=media.html#mediaevents>4.8.11.16 Events summary</a><li><a href=media.html#security-and-privacy-considerations>4.8.11.17 Security and privacy considerations</a><li><a href=media.html#best-practices-for-authors-using-media-elements>4.8.11.18 Best practices for authors using media elements</a><li><a href=media.html#best-practices-for-implementers-of-media-elements>4.8.11.19 Best practices for implementers of media elements</a></ol><li><a href=image-maps.html#the-map-element>4.8.12 The <code>map</code> element</a><li><a href=image-maps.html#the-area-element>4.8.13 The <code>area</code> element</a><li><a href=image-maps.html#image-maps>4.8.14 Image maps</a><ol><li><a href=image-maps.html#authoring>4.8.14.1 Authoring</a><li><a href=image-maps.html#image-map-processing-model>4.8.14.2 Processing model</a></ol><li><a href=embedded-content-other.html#mathml>4.8.15 MathML</a><li><a href=embedded-content-other.html#svg-0>4.8.16 SVG</a><li><a href=embedded-content-other.html#dimension-attributes>4.8.17 Dimension attributes</a></ol><li><a href=tables.html#tables>4.9 Tabular data</a><ol><li><a href=tables.html#the-table-element>4.9.1 The <code>table</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=tables.html#table-descriptions-techniques>4.9.1.1 Techniques for describing tables</a><li><a href=tables.html#table-layout-techniques>4.9.1.2 Techniques for table design</a></ol><li><a href=tables.html#the-caption-element>4.9.2 The <code>caption</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-colgroup-element>4.9.3 The <code>colgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-col-element>4.9.4 The <code>col</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-tbody-element>4.9.5 The <code>tbody</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-thead-element>4.9.6 The <code>thead</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-tfoot-element>4.9.7 The <code>tfoot</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-tr-element>4.9.8 The <code>tr</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-td-element>4.9.9 The <code>td</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#the-th-element>4.9.10 The <code>th</code> element</a><li><a href=tables.html#attributes-common-to-td-and-th-elements>4.9.11 Attributes common to <code>td</code> and <code>th</code> elements</a><li><a href=tables.html#table-processing-model>4.9.12 Processing model</a><ol><li><a href=tables.html#forming-a-table>4.9.12.1 Forming a table</a><li><a href=tables.html#header-and-data-cell-semantics>4.9.12.2 Forming relationships between data cells and header cells</a></ol><li><a href=tables.html#table-examples>4.9.13 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=forms.html#forms>4.10 Forms</a><ol><li><a href=forms.html#introduction-4>4.10.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href="forms.html#writing-a-form's-user-interface">4.10.1.1 Writing a form's user interface</a><li><a href=forms.html#implementing-the-server-side-processing-for-a-form>4.10.1.2 Implementing the server-side processing for a form</a><li><a href=forms.html#configuring-a-form-to-communicate-with-a-server>4.10.1.3 Configuring a form to communicate with a server</a><li><a href=forms.html#client-side-form-validation>4.10.1.4 Client-side form validation</a><li><a href=forms.html#enabling-client-side-automatic-filling-of-form-controls>4.10.1.5 Enabling client-side automatic filling of form controls</a><li><a href=forms.html#improving-the-user-experience-on-mobile-devices>4.10.1.6 Improving the user experience on mobile devices</a><li><a href=forms.html#the-difference-between-the-field-type,-the-autofill-field-name,-and-the-input-modality>4.10.1.7 The difference between the field type, the autofill field name, and the input modality</a><li><a href=forms.html#input-author-notes>4.10.1.8 Date, time, and number formats</a></ol><li><a href=forms.html#categories>4.10.2 Categories</a><li><a href=forms.html#the-form-element>4.10.3 The <code>form</code> element</a><li><a href=forms.html#the-label-element>4.10.4 The <code>label</code> element</a><li><a href=input.html#the-input-element>4.10.5 The <code>input</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=input.html#states-of-the-type-attribute>4.10.5.1 States of the <code>type</code> attribute</a><ol><li><a href="input.html#hidden-state-(type=hidden)">4.10.5.1.1 Hidden state (<code>type=hidden</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)">4.10.5.1.2 Text (<code>type=text</code>) state and Search state (<code>type=search</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#telephone-state-(type=tel)">4.10.5.1.3 Telephone state (<code>type=tel</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#url-state-(type=url)">4.10.5.1.4 URL state (<code>type=url</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#email-state-(type=email)">4.10.5.1.5 Email state (<code>type=email</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#password-state-(type=password)">4.10.5.1.6 Password state (<code>type=password</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#date-state-(type=date)">4.10.5.1.7 Date state (<code>type=date</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#month-state-(type=month)">4.10.5.1.8 Month state (<code>type=month</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#week-state-(type=week)">4.10.5.1.9 Week state (<code>type=week</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#time-state-(type=time)">4.10.5.1.10 Time state (<code>type=time</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)">4.10.5.1.11 Local Date and Time state (<code>type=datetime-local</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#number-state-(type=number)">4.10.5.1.12 Number state (<code>type=number</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#range-state-(type=range)">4.10.5.1.13 Range state (<code>type=range</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#color-state-(type=color)">4.10.5.1.14 Color state (<code>type=color</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)">4.10.5.1.15 Checkbox state (<code>type=checkbox</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#radio-button-state-(type=radio)">4.10.5.1.16 Radio Button state (<code>type=radio</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#file-upload-state-(type=file)">4.10.5.1.17 File Upload state (<code>type=file</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#submit-button-state-(type=submit)">4.10.5.1.18 Submit Button state (<code>type=submit</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#image-button-state-(type=image)">4.10.5.1.19 Image Button state (<code>type=image</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#reset-button-state-(type=reset)">4.10.5.1.20 Reset Button state (<code>type=reset</code>)</a><li><a href="input.html#button-state-(type=button)">4.10.5.1.21 Button state (<code>type=button</code>)</a></ol><li><a href=input.html#input-impl-notes>4.10.5.2 Implementation notes regarding localization of form controls</a><li><a href=input.html#common-input-element-attributes>4.10.5.3 Common <code>input</code> element attributes</a><ol><li><a href=input.html#the-maxlength-and-minlength-attributes>4.10.5.3.1 The <code>maxlength</code> and <code>minlength</code> attributes</a><li><a href=input.html#the-size-attribute>4.10.5.3.2 The <code>size</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-readonly-attribute>4.10.5.3.3 The <code>readonly</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-required-attribute>4.10.5.3.4 The <code>required</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-multiple-attribute>4.10.5.3.5 The <code>multiple</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-pattern-attribute>4.10.5.3.6 The <code>pattern</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-min-and-max-attributes>4.10.5.3.7 The <code>min</code> and <code>max</code> attributes</a><li><a href=input.html#the-step-attribute>4.10.5.3.8 The <code>step</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-list-attribute>4.10.5.3.9 The <code>list</code> attribute</a><li><a href=input.html#the-placeholder-attribute>4.10.5.3.10 The <code>placeholder</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=input.html#common-input-element-apis>4.10.5.4 Common <code>input</code> element APIs</a><li><a href=input.html#common-input-element-events>4.10.5.5 Common event behaviors</a></ol><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-button-element>4.10.6 The <code>button</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-select-element>4.10.7 The <code>select</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-datalist-element>4.10.8 The <code>datalist</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-optgroup-element>4.10.9 The <code>optgroup</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-option-element>4.10.10 The <code>option</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-textarea-element>4.10.11 The <code>textarea</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-output-element>4.10.12 The <code>output</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-progress-element>4.10.13 The <code>progress</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-meter-element>4.10.14 The <code>meter</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-fieldset-element>4.10.15 The <code>fieldset</code> element</a><li><a href=form-elements.html#the-legend-element>4.10.16 The <code>legend</code> element</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#form-control-infrastructure>4.10.17 Form control infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href="form-control-infrastructure.html#a-form-control's-value">4.10.17.1 A form control's value</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#mutability>4.10.17.2 Mutability</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#association-of-controls-and-forms>4.10.17.3 Association of controls and forms</a></ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#attributes-common-to-form-controls>4.10.18 Attributes common to form controls</a><ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#naming-form-controls:-the-name-attribute>4.10.18.1 Naming form controls: the <code>name</code> attribute</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#submitting-element-directionality:-the-dirname-attribute>4.10.18.2 Submitting element directionality: the <code>dirname</code> attribute</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#limiting-user-input-length:-the-maxlength-attribute>4.10.18.3 Limiting user input length: the <code>maxlength</code> attribute</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#setting-minimum-input-length-requirements:-the-minlength-attribute>4.10.18.4 Setting minimum input length requirements: the <code>minlength</code> attribute</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#enabling-and-disabling-form-controls:-the-disabled-attribute>4.10.18.5 Enabling and disabling form controls: the <code>disabled</code> attribute</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#form-submission-attributes>4.10.18.6 Form submission attributes</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#autofill>4.10.18.7 Autofill</a><ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#autofilling-form-controls:-the-autocomplete-attribute>4.10.18.7.1 Autofilling form controls: the <code>autocomplete</code> attribute</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#autofill-processing-model>4.10.18.7.2 Processing model</a></ol></ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#textFieldSelection>4.10.19 APIs for the text control selections</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#constraints>4.10.20 Constraints</a><ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#definitions>4.10.20.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#constraint-validation>4.10.20.2 Constraint validation</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#the-constraint-validation-api>4.10.20.3 The constraint validation API</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#security-forms>4.10.20.4 Security</a></ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#form-submission-2>4.10.21 Form submission</a><ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#introduction-5>4.10.21.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#implicit-submission>4.10.21.2 Implicit submission</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#form-submission-algorithm>4.10.21.3 Form submission algorithm</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#constructing-form-data-set>4.10.21.4 Constructing the entry list</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#selecting-a-form-submission-encoding>4.10.21.5 Selecting a form submission encoding</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#converting-an-entry-list-to-a-list-of-name-value-pairs>4.10.21.6 Converting an entry list to a list of name-value pairs</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#url-encoded-form-data>4.10.21.7 URL-encoded form data</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#multipart-form-data>4.10.21.8 Multipart form data</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#plain-text-form-data>4.10.21.9 Plain text form data</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#the-submitevent-interface>4.10.21.10 The <code>SubmitEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#the-formdataevent-interface>4.10.21.11 The <code>FormDataEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=form-control-infrastructure.html#resetting-a-form>4.10.22 Resetting a form</a></ol><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#interactive-elements>4.11 Interactive elements</a><ol><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#the-details-element>4.11.1 The <code>details</code> element</a><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#the-summary-element>4.11.2 The <code>summary</code> element</a><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#commands>4.11.3 Commands</a><ol><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#facets-2>4.11.3.1 Facets</a><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#using-the-a-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.3.2 Using the <code>a</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#using-the-button-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.3.3 Using the <code>button</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#using-the-input-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.3.4 Using the <code>input</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#using-the-option-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.3.5 Using the <code>option</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#using-the-accesskey-attribute-on-a-legend-element-to-define-a-command>4.11.3.6 Using the <code>accesskey</code> attribute on a <code>legend</code> element to define a command</a><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#using-the-accesskey-attribute-to-define-a-command-on-other-elements>4.11.3.7 Using the <code>accesskey</code> attribute to define a command on other elements</a></ol><li><a href=interactive-elements.html#the-dialog-element>4.11.4 The <code>dialog</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=scripting.html#scripting-3>4.12 Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=scripting.html#the-script-element>4.12.1 The <code>script</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=scripting.html#script-processing-model>4.12.1.1 Processing model</a><li><a href=scripting.html#scriptingLanguages>4.12.1.2 Scripting languages</a><li><a href=scripting.html#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements>4.12.1.3 Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</a><li><a href=scripting.html#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts>4.12.1.4 Inline documentation for external scripts</a><li><a href=scripting.html#scriptTagXSLT>4.12.1.5 Interaction of <code>script</code> elements and XSLT</a></ol><li><a href=scripting.html#the-noscript-element>4.12.2 The <code>noscript</code> element</a><li><a href=scripting.html#the-template-element>4.12.3 The <code>template</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=scripting.html#template-XSLT-XPath>4.12.3.1 Interaction of <code>template</code> elements with XSLT and XPath</a></ol><li><a href=scripting.html#the-slot-element>4.12.4 The <code>slot</code> element</a><li><a href=canvas.html#the-canvas-element>4.12.5 The <code>canvas</code> element</a><ol><li><a href=canvas.html#2dcontext>4.12.5.1 The 2D rendering context</a><ol><li><a href=canvas.html#implementation-notes>4.12.5.1.1 Implementation notes</a><li><a href=canvas.html#the-canvas-state>4.12.5.1.2 The canvas state</a><li><a href=canvas.html#line-styles>4.12.5.1.3 Line styles</a><li><a href=canvas.html#text-styles>4.12.5.1.4 Text styles</a><li><a href=canvas.html#building-paths>4.12.5.1.5 Building paths</a><li><a href=canvas.html#path2d-objects>4.12.5.1.6 <code>Path2D</code> objects</a><li><a href=canvas.html#transformations>4.12.5.1.7 Transformations</a><li><a href=canvas.html#image-sources-for-2d-rendering-contexts>4.12.5.1.8 Image sources for 2D rendering contexts</a><li><a href=canvas.html#fill-and-stroke-styles>4.12.5.1.9 Fill and stroke styles</a><li><a href=canvas.html#drawing-rectangles-to-the-bitmap>4.12.5.1.10 Drawing rectangles to the bitmap</a><li><a href=canvas.html#drawing-text-to-the-bitmap>4.12.5.1.11 Drawing text to the bitmap</a><li><a href=canvas.html#drawing-paths-to-the-canvas>4.12.5.1.12 Drawing paths to the canvas</a><li><a href=canvas.html#drawing-focus-rings-and-scrolling-paths-into-view>4.12.5.1.13 Drawing focus rings</a><li><a href=canvas.html#drawing-images>4.12.5.1.14 Drawing images</a><li><a href=canvas.html#pixel-manipulation>4.12.5.1.15 Pixel manipulation</a><li><a href=canvas.html#compositing>4.12.5.1.16 Compositing</a><li><a href=canvas.html#image-smoothing>4.12.5.1.17 Image smoothing</a><li><a href=canvas.html#shadows>4.12.5.1.18 Shadows</a><li><a href=canvas.html#filters>4.12.5.1.19 Filters</a><li><a href=canvas.html#working-with-externally-defined-svg-filters>4.12.5.1.20 Working with externally-defined SVG filters</a><li><a href=canvas.html#drawing-model>4.12.5.1.21 Drawing model</a><li><a href=canvas.html#best-practices>4.12.5.1.22 Best practices</a><li><a href=canvas.html#examples>4.12.5.1.23 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=canvas.html#the-imagebitmap-rendering-context>4.12.5.2 The <code>ImageBitmap</code> rendering context</a><ol><li><a href=canvas.html#introduction-6>4.12.5.2.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=canvas.html#the-imagebitmaprenderingcontext-interface>4.12.5.2.2 The <code>ImageBitmapRenderingContext</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=canvas.html#the-offscreencanvas-interface>4.12.5.3 The <code>OffscreenCanvas</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=canvas.html#the-offscreen-2d-rendering-context>4.12.5.3.1 The offscreen 2D rendering context</a></ol><li><a href=canvas.html#colour-spaces-and-colour-correction>4.12.5.4 Color spaces and color space conversion</a><li><a href=canvas.html#serialising-bitmaps-to-a-file>4.12.5.5 Serializing bitmaps to a file</a><li><a href=canvas.html#security-with-canvas-elements>4.12.5.6 Security with <code>canvas</code> elements</a><li><a href=canvas.html#premultiplied-alpha-and-the-2d-rendering-context>4.12.5.7 Premultiplied alpha and the 2D rendering context</a></ol></ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements>4.13 Custom elements</a><ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-intro>4.13.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-autonomous-example>4.13.1.1 Creating an autonomous custom element</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-face-example>4.13.1.2 Creating a form-associated custom element</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-accessibility-example>4.13.1.3 Creating a custom element with default accessible roles, states, and properties</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-customized-builtin-example>4.13.1.4 Creating a customized built-in element</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-autonomous-drawbacks>4.13.1.5 Drawbacks of autonomous custom elements</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-upgrades-examples>4.13.1.6 Upgrading elements after their creation</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#exposing-custom-element-states>4.13.1.7 Exposing custom element states</a></ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-element-conformance>4.13.2 Requirements for custom element constructors and reactions</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-core-concepts>4.13.3 Core concepts</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-elements-api>4.13.4 The <code>CustomElementRegistry</code> interface</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#upgrades>4.13.5 Upgrades</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-element-reactions>4.13.6 Custom element reactions</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#element-internals>4.13.7 Element internals</a><ol><li><a href=custom-elements.html#the-elementinternals-interface>4.13.7.1 The <code>ElementInternals</code> interface</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#shadow-root-access>4.13.7.2 Shadow root access</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#form-associated-custom-elements>4.13.7.3 Form-associated custom elements</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#accessibility-semantics>4.13.7.4 Accessibility semantics</a><li><a href=custom-elements.html#custom-state-pseudo-class>4.13.7.5 Custom state pseudo-class</a></ol></ol><li><a href=semantics-other.html#common-idioms>4.14 Common idioms without dedicated elements</a><ol><li><a href=semantics-other.html#rel-up>4.14.1 Breadcrumb navigation</a><li><a href=semantics-other.html#tag-clouds>4.14.2 Tag clouds</a><li><a href=semantics-other.html#conversations>4.14.3 Conversations</a><li><a href=semantics-other.html#footnotes>4.14.4 Footnotes</a></ol><li><a href=semantics-other.html#disabled-elements>4.15 Disabled elements</a><li><a href=semantics-other.html#selectors>4.16 Matching HTML elements using selectors and CSS</a><ol><li><a href="semantics-other.html#case-sensitivity-of-the-css-'attr()'-function">4.16.1 Case-sensitivity of the CSS 'attr()' function</a><li><a href=semantics-other.html#case-sensitivity-of-selectors>4.16.2 Case-sensitivity of selectors</a><li><a href=semantics-other.html#pseudo-classes>4.16.3 Pseudo-classes</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-microdata><a href=microdata.html#microdata>5 Microdata</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#introduction-7>5.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#overview>5.1.1 Overview</a><li><a href=microdata.html#the-basic-syntax>5.1.2 The basic syntax</a><li><a href=microdata.html#typed-items>5.1.3 Typed items</a><li><a href=microdata.html#global-identifiers-for-items>5.1.4 Global identifiers for items</a><li><a href=microdata.html#selecting-names-when-defining-vocabularies>5.1.5 Selecting names when defining vocabularies</a></ol><li><a href=microdata.html#encoding-microdata>5.2 Encoding microdata</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#the-microdata-model>5.2.1 The microdata model</a><li><a href=microdata.html#items>5.2.2 Items</a><li><a href=microdata.html#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>5.2.3 Names: the <code>itemprop</code> attribute</a><li><a href=microdata.html#values>5.2.4 Values</a><li><a href=microdata.html#associating-names-with-items>5.2.5 Associating names with items</a><li><a href=microdata.html#microdata-and-other-namespaces>5.2.6 Microdata and other namespaces</a></ol><li><a href=microdata.html#mdvocabs>5.3 Sample microdata vocabularies</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#vcard>5.3.1 vCard</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#conversion-to-vcard>5.3.1.1 Conversion to vCard</a><li><a href=microdata.html#examples-2>5.3.1.2 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=microdata.html#vevent>5.3.2 vEvent</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#conversion-to-icalendar>5.3.2.1 Conversion to iCalendar</a><li><a href=microdata.html#examples-3>5.3.2.2 Examples</a></ol><li><a href=microdata.html#licensing-works>5.3.3 Licensing works</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#examples-4>5.3.3.1 Examples</a></ol></ol><li><a href=microdata.html#converting-html-to-other-formats>5.4 Converting HTML to other formats</a><ol><li><a href=microdata.html#json>5.4.1 JSON</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-editing><a href=interaction.html#editing>6 User interaction</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#the-hidden-attribute>6.1 The <code>hidden</code> attribute</a><li><a href=interaction.html#page-visibility>6.2 Page visibility</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#the-visibilitystateentry-interface>6.2.1 The <code>VisibilityStateEntry</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#inert-subtrees>6.3 Inert subtrees</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#modal-dialogs-and-inert-subtrees>6.3.1 Modal dialogs and inert subtrees</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-inert-attribute>6.3.2 The <code>inert</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#tracking-user-activation>6.4 Tracking user activation</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#user-activation-data-model>6.4.1 Data model</a><li><a href=interaction.html#user-activation-processing-model>6.4.2 Processing model</a><li><a href=interaction.html#user-activation-gated-apis>6.4.3 APIs gated by user activation</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-useractivation-interface>6.4.4 The <code>UserActivation</code> interface</a><li><a href=interaction.html#user-activation-user-agent-automation>6.4.5 User agent automation</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#activation>6.5 Activation behavior of elements</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#the-toggleevent-interface>6.5.1 The <code>ToggleEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#focus>6.6 Focus</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#introduction-8>6.6.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=interaction.html#data-model>6.6.2 Data model</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-tabindex-attribute>6.6.3 The <code>tabindex</code> attribute</a><li><a href=interaction.html#focus-processing-model>6.6.4 Processing model</a><li><a href=interaction.html#sequential-focus-navigation>6.6.5 Sequential focus navigation</a><li><a href=interaction.html#focus-management-apis>6.6.6 Focus management APIs</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-autofocus-attribute>6.6.7 The <code>autofocus</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#assigning-keyboard-shortcuts>6.7 Assigning keyboard shortcuts</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#introduction-9>6.7.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-accesskey-attribute>6.7.2 The <code>accesskey</code> attribute</a><li><a href=interaction.html#keyboard-shortcuts-processing-model>6.7.3 Processing model</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#editing-2>6.8 Editing</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#contenteditable>6.8.1 Making document regions editable: The <code>contenteditable</code> content attribute</a><li><a href=interaction.html#making-entire-documents-editable:-the-designmode-idl-attribute>6.8.2 Making entire documents editable: the <code>designMode</code> getter and setter</a><li><a href=interaction.html#best-practices-for-in-page-editors>6.8.3 Best practices for in-page editors</a><li><a href=interaction.html#editing-apis>6.8.4 Editing APIs</a><li><a href=interaction.html#spelling-and-grammar-checking>6.8.5 Spelling and grammar checking</a><li><a href=interaction.html#writing-suggestions>6.8.6 Writing suggestions</a><li><a href=interaction.html#autocapitalization>6.8.7 Autocapitalization</a><li><a href=interaction.html#autocorrection>6.8.8 Autocorrection</a><li><a href=interaction.html#input-modalities:-the-inputmode-attribute>6.8.9 Input modalities: the <code>inputmode</code> attribute</a><li><a href=interaction.html#input-modalities:-the-enterkeyhint-attribute>6.8.10 Input modalities: the <code>enterkeyhint</code> attribute</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#find-in-page>6.9 Find-in-page</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#introduction-10>6.9.1 Introduction</a><li><a href="interaction.html#interaction-with-details-and-hidden=until-found">6.9.2 Interaction with <code>details</code> and <code>hidden=until-found</code></a><li><a href=interaction.html#interaction-with-selection>6.9.3 Interaction with selection</a></ol><li><a href=interaction.html#close-requests-and-close-watchers>6.10 Close requests and close watchers</a><ol><li><a href=interaction.html#close-requests>6.10.1 Close requests</a><li><a href=interaction.html#close-watcher-infrastructure>6.10.2 Close watcher infrastructure</a><li><a href=interaction.html#the-closewatcher-interface>6.10.3 The <code>CloseWatcher</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=dnd.html#dnd>6.11 Drag and drop</a><ol><li><a href=dnd.html#event-drag>6.11.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=dnd.html#the-drag-data-store>6.11.2 The drag data store</a><li><a href=dnd.html#the-datatransfer-interface>6.11.3 The <code>DataTransfer</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=dnd.html#the-datatransferitemlist-interface>6.11.3.1 The <code>DataTransferItemList</code> interface</a><li><a href=dnd.html#the-datatransferitem-interface>6.11.3.2 The <code>DataTransferItem</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=dnd.html#the-dragevent-interface>6.11.4 The <code>DragEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=dnd.html#drag-and-drop-processing-model>6.11.5 Processing model</a><li><a href=dnd.html#dndevents>6.11.6 Events summary</a><li><a href=dnd.html#the-draggable-attribute>6.11.7 The <code>draggable</code> attribute</a><li><a href=dnd.html#security-risks-in-the-drag-and-drop-model>6.11.8 Security risks in the drag-and-drop model</a></ol><li><a href=popover.html#the-popover-attribute>6.12 The <code>popover</code> attribute</a><ol><li><a href=popover.html#the-popover-target-attributes>6.12.1 The popover target attributes</a><li><a href=popover.html#popover-light-dismiss>6.12.2 Popover light dismiss</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-browsers><a href=browsers.html#browsers>7 Loading web pages</a><ol><li><a href=browsers.html#loading-web-pages-supporting-concepts>7.1 Supporting concepts</a><ol><li><a href=browsers.html#origin>7.1.1 Origins</a><ol><li><a href=browsers.html#sites>7.1.1.1 Sites</a><li><a href=browsers.html#relaxing-the-same-origin-restriction>7.1.1.2 Relaxing the same-origin restriction</a></ol><li><a href=browsers.html#origin-keyed-agent-clusters>7.1.2 Origin-keyed agent clusters</a><li><a href=browsers.html#cross-origin-opener-policies>7.1.3 Cross-origin opener policies</a><ol><li><a href=browsers.html#the-coop-headers>7.1.3.1 The headers</a><li><a href=browsers.html#browsing-context-group-switches-due-to-cross-origin-opener-policy>7.1.3.2 Browsing context group switches due to opener policy</a><li><a href=browsers.html#coop-reporting>7.1.3.3 Reporting</a></ol><li><a href=browsers.html#coep>7.1.4 Cross-origin embedder policies</a><ol><li><a href=browsers.html#the-coep-headers>7.1.4.1 The headers</a><li><a href=browsers.html#embedder-policy-checks>7.1.4.2 Embedder policy checks</a></ol><li><a href=browsers.html#sandboxing>7.1.5 Sandboxing</a><li><a href=browsers.html#policy-containers>7.1.6 Policy containers</a></ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#nav-traversal-apis>7.2 APIs related to navigation and session history</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#cross-origin-objects>7.2.1 Security infrastructure for <code>Window</code>, <code>WindowProxy</code>, and <code>Location</code> objects</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#integration-with-idl>7.2.1.1 Integration with IDL</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#shared-internal-slot:-crossoriginpropertydescriptormap>7.2.1.2 Shared internal slot: [[CrossOriginPropertyDescriptorMap]]</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#shared-abstract-operations>7.2.1.3 Shared abstract operations</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#crossoriginproperties-(-o-)>7.2.1.3.1 CrossOriginProperties ( <var>O</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#crossoriginpropertyfallback-(-p-)>7.2.1.3.2 CrossOriginPropertyFallback ( <var>P</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#isplatformobjectsameorigin-(-o-)>7.2.1.3.3 IsPlatformObjectSameOrigin ( <var>O</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#crossorigingetownpropertyhelper-(-o,-p-)>7.2.1.3.4 CrossOriginGetOwnPropertyHelper ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#crossoriginget-(-o,-p,-receiver-)>7.2.1.3.5 CrossOriginGet ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#crossoriginset-(-o,-p,-v,-receiver-)>7.2.1.3.6 CrossOriginSet ( <var>O</var>, <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#crossoriginownpropertykeys-(-o-)>7.2.1.3.7 CrossOriginOwnPropertyKeys ( <var>O</var> )</a></ol></ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-window-object>7.2.2 The <code>Window</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#apis-for-creating-and-navigating-browsing-contexts-by-name>7.2.2.1 Opening and closing windows</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#accessing-other-browsing-contexts>7.2.2.2 Indexed access on the <code>Window</code> object</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#named-access-on-the-window-object>7.2.2.3 Named access on the <code>Window</code> object</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigating-nested-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom>7.2.2.4 Accessing related windows</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#browser-interface-elements>7.2.2.5 Historical browser interface element APIs</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#script-settings-for-window-objects>7.2.2.6 Script settings for <code>Window</code> objects</a></ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-windowproxy-exotic-object>7.2.3 The <code>WindowProxy</code> exotic object</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#windowproxy-getprototypeof>7.2.3.1 [[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#windowproxy-setprototypeof>7.2.3.2 [[SetPrototypeOf]] ( <var>V</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#windowproxy-isextensible>7.2.3.3 [[IsExtensible]] ( )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#windowproxy-preventextensions>7.2.3.4 [[PreventExtensions]] ( )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#windowproxy-getownproperty>7.2.3.5 [[GetOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#windowproxy-defineownproperty>7.2.3.6 [[DefineOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#windowproxy-get>7.2.3.7 [[Get]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#windowproxy-set>7.2.3.8 [[Set]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#windowproxy-delete>7.2.3.9 [[Delete]] ( <var>P</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#windowproxy-ownpropertykeys>7.2.3.10 [[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )</a></ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-location-interface>7.2.4 The <code>Location</code> interface</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#location-getprototypeof>7.2.4.1 [[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#location-setprototypeof>7.2.4.2 [[SetPrototypeOf]] ( <var>V</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#location-isextensible>7.2.4.3 [[IsExtensible]] ( )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#location-preventextensions>7.2.4.4 [[PreventExtensions]] ( )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#location-getownproperty>7.2.4.5 [[GetOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#location-defineownproperty>7.2.4.6 [[DefineOwnProperty]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Desc</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#location-get>7.2.4.7 [[Get]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#location-set>7.2.4.8 [[Set]] ( <var>P</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>Receiver</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#location-delete>7.2.4.9 [[Delete]] ( <var>P</var> )</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#location-ownpropertykeys>7.2.4.10 [[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )</a></ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-history-interface>7.2.5 The <code>History</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-api>7.2.6 The navigation API</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-api-intro>7.2.6.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-interface>7.2.6.2 The <code>Navigation</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-api-core>7.2.6.3 Core infrastructure</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-api-entry-updates>7.2.6.4 Initializing and updating the entry list</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-navigationhistoryentry-interface>7.2.6.5 The <code>NavigationHistoryEntry</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-history-entry-list>7.2.6.6 The history entry list</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-api-initiating-navigations>7.2.6.7 Initiating navigations</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#ongoing-navigation-tracking>7.2.6.8 Ongoing navigation tracking</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigation-activation-interface>7.2.6.9 The <code>NavigationActivation</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-navigate-event>7.2.6.10 The <code>navigate</code> event</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-navigateevent-interface>7.2.6.10.1 The <code>NavigateEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-navigationdestination-interface>7.2.6.10.2 The <code>NavigationDestination</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigate-event-firing>7.2.6.10.3 Firing the event</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#navigate-event-scroll-focus>7.2.6.10.4 Scroll and focus behavior</a></ol></ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#nav-traversal-event-interfaces>7.2.7 Event interfaces</a><ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-navigationcurrententrychangeevent-interface>7.2.7.1 The <code>NavigationCurrentEntryChangeEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-popstateevent-interface>7.2.7.2 The <code>PopStateEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-hashchangeevent-interface>7.2.7.3 The <code>HashChangeEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-pageswapevent-interface>7.2.7.4 The <code>PageSwapEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-pagerevealevent-interface>7.2.7.5 The <code>PageRevealEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-pagetransitionevent-interface>7.2.7.6 The <code>PageTransitionEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-beforeunloadevent-interface>7.2.7.7 The <code>BeforeUnloadEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=nav-history-apis.html#the-notrestoredreasons-interface>7.2.8 The <code>NotRestoredReasons</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#infrastructure-for-sequences-of-documents>7.3 Infrastructure for sequences of documents</a><ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#navigables>7.3.1 Navigables</a><ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#traversable-navigables>7.3.1.1 Traversable navigables</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#top-level-traversables>7.3.1.2 Top-level traversables</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#child-navigables>7.3.1.3 Child navigables</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#jake-diagrams>7.3.1.4 Jake diagrams</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#related-navigable-collections>7.3.1.5 Related navigable collections</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#garbage-collection-and-browsing-contexts>7.3.1.6 Navigable destruction</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#navigable-target-names>7.3.1.7 Navigable target names</a></ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#windows>7.3.2 Browsing contexts</a><ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#creating-browsing-contexts>7.3.2.1 Creating browsing contexts</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#nested-browsing-contexts>7.3.2.2 Related browsing contexts</a><li><a href=document-sequences.html#groupings-of-browsing-contexts>7.3.2.3 Groupings of browsing contexts</a></ol><li><a href=document-sequences.html#fully-active-documents>7.3.3 Fully active documents</a></ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#navigation-and-session-history>7.4 Navigation and session history</a><ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#session-history-infrastructure>7.4.1 Session history</a><ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#session-history-entries>7.4.1.1 Session history entries</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#document-state>7.4.1.2 Document state</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#centralized-modifications-of-session-history>7.4.1.3 Centralized modifications of session history</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#low-level-operations-on-session-history>7.4.1.4 Low-level operations on session history</a></ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#navigating-across-documents>7.4.2 Navigation</a><ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#navigation-supporting-concepts>7.4.2.1 Supporting concepts</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#beginning-navigation>7.4.2.2 Beginning navigation</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#ending-navigation>7.4.2.3 Ending navigation</a><ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#the-usual-cross-document-navigation-case>7.4.2.3.1 The usual cross-document navigation case</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#the-javascript:-url-special-case>7.4.2.3.2 The <code>javascript:</code> URL special case</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#scroll-to-fragid>7.4.2.3.3 Fragment navigations</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#non-fetch-schemes-and-external-software>7.4.2.3.4 Non-fetch schemes and external software</a></ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#preventing-navigation>7.4.2.4 Preventing navigation</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#aborting-navigation>7.4.2.5 Aborting navigation</a></ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#reloading-and-traversing>7.4.3 Reloading and traversing</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#navigate-non-frag-sync>7.4.4 Non-fragment synchronous "navigations"</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#populating-a-session-history-entry>7.4.5 Populating a session history entry</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#applying-the-history-step>7.4.6 Applying the history step</a><ol><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#updating-the-traversable>7.4.6.1 Updating the traversable</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#updating-the-document>7.4.6.2 Updating the document</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#revealing-the-document>7.4.6.3 Revealing the document</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#scrolling-to-a-fragment>7.4.6.4 Scrolling to a fragment</a><li><a href=browsing-the-web.html#persisted-user-state-restoration>7.4.6.5 Persisted history entry state</a></ol></ol><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#document-lifecycle>7.5 Document lifecycle</a><ol><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#shared-document-creation-infrastructure>7.5.1 Shared document creation infrastructure</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-html>7.5.2 Loading HTML documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-xml>7.5.3 Loading XML documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-text>7.5.4 Loading text documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-multipart-x-mixed-replace>7.5.5 Loading <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code> documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-media>7.5.6 Loading media documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#read-ua-inline>7.5.7 Loading a document for inline content that doesn't have a DOM</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#loading-documents>7.5.8 Finishing the loading process</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#unloading-documents>7.5.9 Unloading documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#destroying-documents>7.5.10 Destroying documents</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#aborting-a-document-load>7.5.11 Aborting a document load</a></ol><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#the-x-frame-options-header>7.6 The `<code>X-Frame-Options</code>` header</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#the-refresh-header>7.7 The `<code>Refresh</code>` header</a><li><a href=document-lifecycle.html#nav-traversal-ui>7.8 Browser user interface considerations</a></ol><li id=toc-webappapis><a href=webappapis.html#webappapis>8 Web application APIs</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#scripting>8.1 Scripting</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#introduction-11>8.1.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#agents-and-agent-clusters>8.1.2 Agents and agent clusters</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#integration-with-the-javascript-agent-formalism>8.1.2.1 Integration with the JavaScript agent formalism</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#integration-with-the-javascript-agent-cluster-formalism>8.1.2.2 Integration with the JavaScript agent cluster formalism</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#realms-and-their-counterparts>8.1.3 Realms and their counterparts</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#environments>8.1.3.1 Environments</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#environment-settings-objects>8.1.3.2 Environment settings objects</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#realms-settings-objects-global-objects>8.1.3.3 Realms, settings objects, and global objects</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#entry>8.1.3.3.1 Entry</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#incumbent>8.1.3.3.2 Incumbent</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#current>8.1.3.3.3 Current</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#relevant>8.1.3.3.4 Relevant</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#enabling-and-disabling-scripting>8.1.3.4 Enabling and disabling scripting</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#secure-contexts>8.1.3.5 Secure contexts</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#scripting-processing-model>8.1.4 Script processing model</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#script-structs>8.1.4.1 Scripts</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#fetching-scripts>8.1.4.2 Fetching scripts</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#creating-scripts>8.1.4.3 Creating scripts</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#calling-scripts>8.1.4.4 Calling scripts</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#killing-scripts>8.1.4.5 Killing scripts</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#runtime-script-errors>8.1.4.6 Runtime script errors</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#unhandled-promise-rejections>8.1.4.7 Unhandled promise rejections</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#import-map-parse-results>8.1.4.8 Import map parse results</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#module-specifier-resolution>8.1.5 Module specifier resolution</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#the-resolution-algorithm>8.1.5.1 The resolution algorithm</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#import-maps>8.1.5.2 Import maps</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#import-map-processing-model>8.1.5.3 Import map processing model</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#javascript-specification-host-hooks>8.1.6 JavaScript specification host hooks</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#the-hostensurecanaddprivateelement-implementation>8.1.6.1 HostEnsureCanAddPrivateElement(<var>O</var>)</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostensurecancompilestrings(realm,-parameterstrings,-bodystring,-codestring,-compilationtype,-parameterargs,-bodyarg)>8.1.6.2 HostEnsureCanCompileStrings(<var>realm</var>, <var>parameterStrings</var>, <var>bodyString</var>, <var>codeString</var>, <var>compilationType</var>, <var>parameterArgs</var>, <var>bodyArg</var>)</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostgetcodeforeval(argument)>8.1.6.3 HostGetCodeForEval(<var>argument</var>)</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#the-hostpromiserejectiontracker-implementation>8.1.6.4 HostPromiseRejectionTracker(<var>promise</var>, <var>operation</var>)</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostsystemutcepochnanoseconds>8.1.6.5 HostSystemUTCEpochNanoseconds(<var>global</var>)</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#integration-with-javascript-jobs>8.1.6.6 Job-related host hooks</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostcalljobcallback>8.1.6.6.1 HostCallJobCallback(<var>callback</var>, <var>V</var>, <var>argumentsList</var>)</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostenqueuefinalizationregistrycleanupjob>8.1.6.6.2 HostEnqueueFinalizationRegistryCleanupJob(<var>finalizationRegistry</var>)</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostenqueuegenericjob>8.1.6.6.3 HostEnqueueGenericJob(<var>job</var>, <var>realm</var>)</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostenqueuepromisejob>8.1.6.6.4 HostEnqueuePromiseJob(<var>job</var>, <var>realm</var>)</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostenqueuetimeoutjob>8.1.6.6.5 HostEnqueueTimeoutJob(<var>job</var>, <var>realm</var>, <var>milliseconds</var>)</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostmakejobcallback>8.1.6.6.6 HostMakeJobCallback(<var>callable</var>)</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#integration-with-the-javascript-module-system>8.1.6.7 Module-related host hooks</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostgetimportmetaproperties>8.1.6.7.1 HostGetImportMetaProperties(<var>moduleRecord</var>)</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostgetsupportedimportattributes>8.1.6.7.2 HostGetSupportedImportAttributes()</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#hostloadimportedmodule>8.1.6.7.3 HostLoadImportedModule(<var>referrer</var>, <var>moduleRequest</var>, <var>loadState</var>, <var>payload</var>)</a></ol></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#event-loops>8.1.7 Event loops</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#definitions-3>8.1.7.1 Definitions</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#queuing-tasks>8.1.7.2 Queuing tasks</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#event-loop-processing-model>8.1.7.3 Processing model</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#generic-task-sources>8.1.7.4 Generic task sources</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#event-loop-for-spec-authors>8.1.7.5 Dealing with the event loop from other specifications</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#events>8.1.8 Events</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#event-handler-attributes>8.1.8.1 Event handlers</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#event-handlers-on-elements,-document-objects,-and-window-objects>8.1.8.2 Event handlers on elements, <code>Document</code> objects, and <code>Window</code> objects</a><ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#idl-definitions>8.1.8.2.1 IDL definitions</a></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#event-firing>8.1.8.3 Event firing</a></ol></ol><li><a href=webappapis.html#windoworworkerglobalscope-mixin>8.2 The <code>WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope</code> mixin</a><li><a href=webappapis.html#atob>8.3 Base64 utility methods</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#dynamic-markup-insertion>8.4 Dynamic markup insertion</a><ol><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#opening-the-input-stream>8.4.1 Opening the input stream</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#closing-the-input-stream>8.4.2 Closing the input stream</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#document.write()>8.4.3 <code>document.write()</code></a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#document.writeln()>8.4.4 <code>document.writeln()</code></a></ol><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#dom-parsing-and-serialization>8.5 DOM parsing and serialization APIs</a><ol><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#the-domparser-interface>8.5.1 The <code>DOMParser</code> interface</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#unsafe-html-parsing-methods>8.5.2 Unsafe HTML parsing methods</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#html-serialization-methods>8.5.3 HTML serialization methods</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#the-innerhtml-property>8.5.4 The <code>innerHTML</code> property</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#the-outerhtml-property>8.5.5 The <code>outerHTML</code> property</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#the-insertadjacenthtml()-method>8.5.6 The <code>insertAdjacentHTML()</code> method</a><li><a href=dynamic-markup-insertion.html#the-createcontextualfragment()-method>8.5.7 The <code>createContextualFragment()</code> method</a></ol><li><a href=timers-and-user-prompts.html#timers>8.6 Timers</a><li><a href=timers-and-user-prompts.html#microtask-queuing>8.7 Microtask queuing</a><li><a href=timers-and-user-prompts.html#user-prompts>8.8 User prompts</a><ol><li><a href=timers-and-user-prompts.html#simple-dialogs>8.8.1 Simple dialogs</a><li><a href=timers-and-user-prompts.html#printing>8.8.2 Printing</a></ol><li><a href=system-state.html#system-state-and-capabilities>8.9 System state and capabilities</a><ol><li><a href=system-state.html#the-navigator-object>8.9.1 The <code>Navigator</code> object</a><ol><li><a href=system-state.html#client-identification>8.9.1.1 Client identification</a><li><a href=system-state.html#language-preferences>8.9.1.2 Language preferences</a><li><a href=system-state.html#navigator.online>8.9.1.3 Browser state</a><li><a href=system-state.html#custom-handlers>8.9.1.4 Custom scheme handlers: the <code>registerProtocolHandler()</code> method</a><ol><li><a href=system-state.html#security-and-privacy>8.9.1.4.1 Security and privacy</a><li><a href=system-state.html#user-agent-automation>8.9.1.4.2 User agent automation</a></ol><li><a href=system-state.html#cookies>8.9.1.5 Cookies</a><li><a href=system-state.html#pdf-viewing-support>8.9.1.6 PDF viewing support</a></ol></ol><li><a href=imagebitmap-and-animations.html#images-2>8.10 Images</a><li><a href=imagebitmap-and-animations.html#animation-frames>8.11 Animation frames</a></ol><li id=toc-comms><a href=comms.html#comms>9 Communication</a><ol><li><a href=comms.html#the-messageevent-interface>9.1 The <code>MessageEvent</code> interface</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#server-sent-events>9.2 Server-sent events</a><ol><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#server-sent-events-intro>9.2.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#the-eventsource-interface>9.2.2 The <code>EventSource</code> interface</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#sse-processing-model>9.2.3 Processing model</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#the-last-event-id-header>9.2.4 The `<code>Last-Event-ID</code>` header</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#parsing-an-event-stream>9.2.5 Parsing an event stream</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#event-stream-interpretation>9.2.6 Interpreting an event stream</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#authoring-notes>9.2.7 Authoring notes</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#eventsource-push>9.2.8 Connectionless push and other features</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#garbage-collection>9.2.9 Garbage collection</a><li><a href=server-sent-events.html#implementation-advice>9.2.10 Implementation advice</a></ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#web-messaging>9.3 Cross-document messaging</a><ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#introduction-12>9.3.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#security-postmsg>9.3.2 Security</a><ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#authors>9.3.2.1 Authors</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#user-agents>9.3.2.2 User agents</a></ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#posting-messages>9.3.3 Posting messages</a></ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#channel-messaging>9.4 Channel messaging</a><ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#introduction-13>9.4.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#examples-5>9.4.1.1 Examples</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#ports-as-the-basis-of-an-object-capability-model-on-the-web>9.4.1.2 Ports as the basis of an object-capability model on the web</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#ports-as-the-basis-of-abstracting-out-service-implementations>9.4.1.3 Ports as the basis of abstracting out service implementations</a></ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#message-channels>9.4.2 Message channels</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#the-messageeventtarget-mixin>9.4.3 The <code>MessageEventTarget</code> mixin</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#message-ports>9.4.4 Message ports</a><li><a href=web-messaging.html#ports-and-garbage-collection>9.4.5 Ports and garbage collection</a></ol><li><a href=web-messaging.html#broadcasting-to-other-browsing-contexts>9.5 Broadcasting to other browsing contexts</a></ol><li id=toc-workers><a href=workers.html#workers>10 Web workers</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#introduction-14>10.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#scope-2>10.1.1 Scope</a><li><a href=workers.html#examples-6>10.1.2 Examples</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#a-background-number-crunching-worker>10.1.2.1 A background number-crunching worker</a><li><a href=workers.html#module-worker-example>10.1.2.2 Using a JavaScript module as a worker</a><li><a href=workers.html#shared-workers-introduction>10.1.2.3 Shared workers introduction</a><li><a href=workers.html#shared-state-using-a-shared-worker>10.1.2.4 Shared state using a shared worker</a><li><a href=workers.html#delegation>10.1.2.5 Delegation</a><li><a href=workers.html#providing-libraries>10.1.2.6 Providing libraries</a></ol><li><a href=workers.html#tutorials>10.1.3 Tutorials</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#creating-a-dedicated-worker>10.1.3.1 Creating a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=workers.html#communicating-with-a-dedicated-worker>10.1.3.2 Communicating with a dedicated worker</a><li><a href=workers.html#shared-workers>10.1.3.3 Shared workers</a></ol></ol><li><a href=workers.html#infrastructure-2>10.2 Infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#the-global-scope>10.2.1 The global scope</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#the-workerglobalscope-common-interface>10.2.1.1 The <code>WorkerGlobalScope</code> common interface</a><li><a href=workers.html#dedicated-workers-and-the-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-interface>10.2.1.2 Dedicated workers and the <code>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a><li><a href=workers.html#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworkerglobalscope-interface>10.2.1.3 Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=workers.html#worker-event-loop>10.2.2 The event loop</a><li><a href="workers.html#the-worker's-lifetime">10.2.3 The worker's lifetime</a><li><a href=workers.html#worker-processing-model>10.2.4 Processing model</a><li><a href=workers.html#runtime-script-errors-2>10.2.5 Runtime script errors</a><li><a href=workers.html#creating-workers>10.2.6 Creating workers</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#the-abstractworker-mixin>10.2.6.1 The <code>AbstractWorker</code> mixin</a><li><a href=workers.html#script-settings-for-workers>10.2.6.2 Script settings for workers</a><li><a href=workers.html#dedicated-workers-and-the-worker-interface>10.2.6.3 Dedicated workers and the <code>Worker</code> interface</a><li><a href=workers.html#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworker-interface>10.2.6.4 Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorker</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=workers.html#navigator.hardwareconcurrency>10.2.7 Concurrent hardware capabilities</a></ol><li><a href=workers.html#apis-available-to-workers>10.3 APIs available to workers</a><ol><li><a href=workers.html#importing-scripts-and-libraries>10.3.1 Importing scripts and libraries</a><li><a href=workers.html#the-workernavigator-object>10.3.2 The <code>WorkerNavigator</code> interface</a><li><a href=workers.html#worker-locations>10.3.3 The <code>WorkerLocation</code> interface</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-worklets><a href=worklets.html#worklets>11 Worklets</a><ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-intro>11.1 Introduction</a><ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-motivations>11.1.1 Motivations</a><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-idempotent>11.1.2 Code idempotence</a><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-speculative>11.1.3 Speculative evaluation</a></ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-examples>11.2 Examples</a><ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-examples-loading>11.2.1 Loading scripts</a><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-example-registering>11.2.2 Registering a class and invoking its methods</a></ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-infrastructure>11.3 Infrastructure</a><ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-global>11.3.1 The global scope</a><ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklet-agents-and-event-loops>11.3.1.1 Agents and event loops</a><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-creation-termination>11.3.1.2 Creation and termination</a><li><a href=worklets.html#script-settings-for-worklets>11.3.1.3 Script settings for worklets</a></ol><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-worklet>11.3.2 The <code>Worklet</code> class</a><li><a href=worklets.html#worklets-lifetime>11.3.3 The worklet's lifetime</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-webstorage><a href=webstorage.html#webstorage>12 Web storage</a><ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#introduction-15>12.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#storage>12.2 The API</a><ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#the-storage-interface>12.2.1 The <code>Storage</code> interface</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#the-sessionstorage-attribute>12.2.2 The <code>sessionStorage</code> getter</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#the-localstorage-attribute>12.2.3 The <code>localStorage</code> getter</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#the-storageevent-interface>12.2.4 The <code>StorageEvent</code> interface</a></ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#privacy>12.3 Privacy</a><ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#user-tracking>12.3.1 User tracking</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#sensitivity-of-data>12.3.2 Sensitivity of data</a></ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#security-storage>12.4 Security</a><ol><li><a href=webstorage.html#dns-spoofing-attacks>12.4.1 DNS spoofing attacks</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#cross-directory-attacks>12.4.2 Cross-directory attacks</a><li><a href=webstorage.html#implementation-risks>12.4.3 Implementation risks</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-syntax><a href=syntax.html#syntax>13 The HTML syntax</a><ol><li><a href=syntax.html#writing>13.1 Writing HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=syntax.html#the-doctype>13.1.1 The DOCTYPE</a><li><a href=syntax.html#elements-2>13.1.2 Elements</a><ol><li><a href=syntax.html#start-tags>13.1.2.1 Start tags</a><li><a href=syntax.html#end-tags>13.1.2.2 End tags</a><li><a href=syntax.html#attributes-2>13.1.2.3 Attributes</a><li><a href=syntax.html#optional-tags>13.1.2.4 Optional tags</a><li><a href=syntax.html#element-restrictions>13.1.2.5 Restrictions on content models</a><li><a href=syntax.html#cdata-rcdata-restrictions>13.1.2.6 Restrictions on the contents of raw text and escapable raw text elements</a></ol><li><a href=syntax.html#text-2>13.1.3 Text</a><ol><li><a href=syntax.html#newlines>13.1.3.1 Newlines</a></ol><li><a href=syntax.html#character-references>13.1.4 Character references</a><li><a href=syntax.html#cdata-sections>13.1.5 CDATA sections</a><li><a href=syntax.html#comments>13.1.6 Comments</a></ol><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing>13.2 Parsing HTML documents</a><ol><li><a href=parsing.html#overview-of-the-parsing-model>13.2.1 Overview of the parsing model</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parse-errors>13.2.2 Parse errors</a><li><a href=parsing.html#the-input-byte-stream>13.2.3 The input byte stream</a><ol><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-with-a-known-character-encoding>13.2.3.1 Parsing with a known character encoding</a><li><a href=parsing.html#determining-the-character-encoding>13.2.3.2 Determining the character encoding</a><li><a href=parsing.html#character-encodings>13.2.3.3 Character encodings</a><li><a href=parsing.html#changing-the-encoding-while-parsing>13.2.3.4 Changing the encoding while parsing</a><li><a href=parsing.html#preprocessing-the-input-stream>13.2.3.5 Preprocessing the input stream</a></ol><li><a href=parsing.html#parse-state>13.2.4 Parse state</a><ol><li><a href=parsing.html#the-insertion-mode>13.2.4.1 The insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#the-stack-of-open-elements>13.2.4.2 The stack of open elements</a><li><a href=parsing.html#the-list-of-active-formatting-elements>13.2.4.3 The list of active formatting elements</a><li><a href=parsing.html#the-element-pointers>13.2.4.4 The element pointers</a><li><a href=parsing.html#other-parsing-state-flags>13.2.4.5 Other parsing state flags</a></ol><li><a href=parsing.html#tokenization>13.2.5 Tokenization</a><ol><li><a href=parsing.html#data-state>13.2.5.1 Data state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#rcdata-state>13.2.5.2 RCDATA state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#rawtext-state>13.2.5.3 RAWTEXT state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-state>13.2.5.4 Script data state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#plaintext-state>13.2.5.5 PLAINTEXT state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#tag-open-state>13.2.5.6 Tag open state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#end-tag-open-state>13.2.5.7 End tag open state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#tag-name-state>13.2.5.8 Tag name state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#rcdata-less-than-sign-state>13.2.5.9 RCDATA less-than sign state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#rcdata-end-tag-open-state>13.2.5.10 RCDATA end tag open state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#rcdata-end-tag-name-state>13.2.5.11 RCDATA end tag name state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#rawtext-less-than-sign-state>13.2.5.12 RAWTEXT less-than sign state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#rawtext-end-tag-open-state>13.2.5.13 RAWTEXT end tag open state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#rawtext-end-tag-name-state>13.2.5.14 RAWTEXT end tag name state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-less-than-sign-state>13.2.5.15 Script data less-than sign state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-end-tag-open-state>13.2.5.16 Script data end tag open state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-end-tag-name-state>13.2.5.17 Script data end tag name state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-escape-start-state>13.2.5.18 Script data escape start state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-escape-start-dash-state>13.2.5.19 Script data escape start dash state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-escaped-state>13.2.5.20 Script data escaped state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-escaped-dash-state>13.2.5.21 Script data escaped dash state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state>13.2.5.22 Script data escaped dash dash state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state>13.2.5.23 Script data escaped less-than sign state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-escaped-end-tag-open-state>13.2.5.24 Script data escaped end tag open state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state>13.2.5.25 Script data escaped end tag name state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-double-escape-start-state>13.2.5.26 Script data double escape start state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-double-escaped-state>13.2.5.27 Script data double escaped state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-double-escaped-dash-state>13.2.5.28 Script data double escaped dash state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-double-escaped-dash-dash-state>13.2.5.29 Script data double escaped dash dash state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state>13.2.5.30 Script data double escaped less-than sign state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#script-data-double-escape-end-state>13.2.5.31 Script data double escape end state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#before-attribute-name-state>13.2.5.32 Before attribute name state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#attribute-name-state>13.2.5.33 Attribute name state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#after-attribute-name-state>13.2.5.34 After attribute name state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#before-attribute-value-state>13.2.5.35 Before attribute value state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#attribute-value-(double-quoted)-state>13.2.5.36 Attribute value (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#attribute-value-(single-quoted)-state>13.2.5.37 Attribute value (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#attribute-value-(unquoted)-state>13.2.5.38 Attribute value (unquoted) state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#after-attribute-value-(quoted)-state>13.2.5.39 After attribute value (quoted) state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#self-closing-start-tag-state>13.2.5.40 Self-closing start tag state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#bogus-comment-state>13.2.5.41 Bogus comment state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#markup-declaration-open-state>13.2.5.42 Markup declaration open state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#comment-start-state>13.2.5.43 Comment start state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#comment-start-dash-state>13.2.5.44 Comment start dash state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#comment-state>13.2.5.45 Comment state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#comment-less-than-sign-state>13.2.5.46 Comment less-than sign state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#comment-less-than-sign-bang-state>13.2.5.47 Comment less-than sign bang state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#comment-less-than-sign-bang-dash-state>13.2.5.48 Comment less-than sign bang dash state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#comment-less-than-sign-bang-dash-dash-state>13.2.5.49 Comment less-than sign bang dash dash state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#comment-end-dash-state>13.2.5.50 Comment end dash state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#comment-end-state>13.2.5.51 Comment end state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#comment-end-bang-state>13.2.5.52 Comment end bang state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#doctype-state>13.2.5.53 DOCTYPE state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#before-doctype-name-state>13.2.5.54 Before DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#doctype-name-state>13.2.5.55 DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#after-doctype-name-state>13.2.5.56 After DOCTYPE name state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#after-doctype-public-keyword-state>13.2.5.57 After DOCTYPE public keyword state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#before-doctype-public-identifier-state>13.2.5.58 Before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#doctype-public-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>13.2.5.59 DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#doctype-public-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>13.2.5.60 DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#after-doctype-public-identifier-state>13.2.5.61 After DOCTYPE public identifier state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state>13.2.5.62 Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#after-doctype-system-keyword-state>13.2.5.63 After DOCTYPE system keyword state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#before-doctype-system-identifier-state>13.2.5.64 Before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>13.2.5.65 DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>13.2.5.66 DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#after-doctype-system-identifier-state>13.2.5.67 After DOCTYPE system identifier state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#bogus-doctype-state>13.2.5.68 Bogus DOCTYPE state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#cdata-section-state>13.2.5.69 CDATA section state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#cdata-section-bracket-state>13.2.5.70 CDATA section bracket state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#cdata-section-end-state>13.2.5.71 CDATA section end state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#character-reference-state>13.2.5.72 Character reference state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#named-character-reference-state>13.2.5.73 Named character reference state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#ambiguous-ampersand-state>13.2.5.74 Ambiguous ampersand state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#numeric-character-reference-state>13.2.5.75 Numeric character reference state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#hexadecimal-character-reference-start-state>13.2.5.76 Hexadecimal character reference start state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#decimal-character-reference-start-state>13.2.5.77 Decimal character reference start state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#hexadecimal-character-reference-state>13.2.5.78 Hexadecimal character reference state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#decimal-character-reference-state>13.2.5.79 Decimal character reference state</a><li><a href=parsing.html#numeric-character-reference-end-state>13.2.5.80 Numeric character reference end state</a></ol><li><a href=parsing.html#tree-construction>13.2.6 Tree construction</a><ol><li><a href=parsing.html#creating-and-inserting-nodes>13.2.6.1 Creating and inserting nodes</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-elements-that-contain-only-text>13.2.6.2 Parsing elements that contain only text</a><li><a href=parsing.html#closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags>13.2.6.3 Closing elements that have implied end tags</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-inhtml>13.2.6.4 The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content</a><ol><li><a href=parsing.html#the-initial-insertion-mode>13.2.6.4.1 The "initial" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#the-before-html-insertion-mode>13.2.6.4.2 The "before html" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#the-before-head-insertion-mode>13.2.6.4.3 The "before head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-inhead>13.2.6.4.4 The "in head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-inheadnoscript>13.2.6.4.5 The "in head noscript" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#the-after-head-insertion-mode>13.2.6.4.6 The "after head" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-inbody>13.2.6.4.7 The "in body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-incdata>13.2.6.4.8 The "text" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-intable>13.2.6.4.9 The "in table" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-intabletext>13.2.6.4.10 The "in table text" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-incaption>13.2.6.4.11 The "in caption" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-incolgroup>13.2.6.4.12 The "in column group" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-intbody>13.2.6.4.13 The "in table body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-intr>13.2.6.4.14 The "in row" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-intd>13.2.6.4.15 The "in cell" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-inselect>13.2.6.4.16 The "in select" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-inselectintable>13.2.6.4.17 The "in select in table" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-intemplate>13.2.6.4.18 The "in template" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-afterbody>13.2.6.4.19 The "after body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-inframeset>13.2.6.4.20 The "in frameset" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-afterframeset>13.2.6.4.21 The "after frameset" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode>13.2.6.4.22 The "after after body" insertion mode</a><li><a href=parsing.html#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode>13.2.6.4.23 The "after after frameset" insertion mode</a></ol><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-main-inforeign>13.2.6.5 The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content</a></ol><li><a href=parsing.html#the-end>13.2.7 The end</a><li><a href=parsing.html#speculative-html-parsing>13.2.8 Speculative HTML parsing</a><li><a href=parsing.html#coercing-an-html-dom-into-an-infoset>13.2.9 Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset</a><li><a href=parsing.html#an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser>13.2.10 An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser</a><ol><li><a href=parsing.html#misnested-tags:-b-i-/b-/i>13.2.10.1 Misnested tags: </a><li><a href=parsing.html#misnested-tags:-b-p-/b-/p>13.2.10.2 Misnested tags: </a><li><a href=parsing.html#unexpected-markup-in-tables>13.2.10.3 Unexpected markup in tables</a><li><a href=parsing.html#scripts-that-modify-the-page-as-it-is-being-parsed>13.2.10.4 Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed</a><li><a href=parsing.html#the-execution-of-scripts-that-are-moving-across-multiple-documents>13.2.10.5 The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents</a><li><a href=parsing.html#unclosed-formatting-elements>13.2.10.6 Unclosed formatting elements</a></ol></ol><li><a href=parsing.html#serialising-html-fragments>13.3 Serializing HTML fragments</a><li><a href=parsing.html#parsing-html-fragments>13.4 Parsing HTML fragments</a><li><a href=named-characters.html#named-character-references>13.5 Named character references</a></ol><li id=toc-the-xhtml-syntax><a href=xhtml.html#the-xhtml-syntax>14 The XML syntax</a><ol><li><a href=xhtml.html#writing-xhtml-documents>14.1 Writing documents in the XML syntax</a><li><a href=xhtml.html#parsing-xhtml-documents>14.2 Parsing XML documents</a><li><a href=xhtml.html#serialising-xhtml-fragments>14.3 Serializing XML fragments</a><li><a href=xhtml.html#parsing-xhtml-fragments>14.4 Parsing XML fragments</a></ol><li id=toc-rendering><a href=rendering.html#rendering>15 Rendering</a><ol><li><a href=rendering.html#introduction-16>15.1 Introduction</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-css-user-agent-style-sheet-and-presentational-hints>15.2 The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints</a><li><a href=rendering.html#non-replaced-elements>15.3 Non-replaced elements</a><ol><li><a href=rendering.html#hidden-elements>15.3.1 Hidden elements</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-page>15.3.2 The page</a><li><a href=rendering.html#flow-content-3>15.3.3 Flow content</a><li><a href=rendering.html#phrasing-content-3>15.3.4 Phrasing content</a><li><a href=rendering.html#bidi-rendering>15.3.5 Bidirectional text</a><li><a href=rendering.html#sections-and-headings>15.3.6 Sections and headings</a><li><a href=rendering.html#lists>15.3.7 Lists</a><li><a href=rendering.html#tables-2>15.3.8 Tables</a><li><a href=rendering.html#margin-collapsing-quirks>15.3.9 Margin collapsing quirks</a><li><a href=rendering.html#form-controls>15.3.10 Form controls</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-hr-element-2>15.3.11 The <code>hr</code> element</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-fieldset-and-legend-elements>15.3.12 The <code>fieldset</code> and <code>legend</code> elements</a></ol><li><a href=rendering.html#replaced-elements>15.4 Replaced elements</a><ol><li><a href=rendering.html#embedded-content-rendering-rules>15.4.1 Embedded content</a><li><a href=rendering.html#images-3>15.4.2 Images</a><li><a href=rendering.html#attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images>15.4.3 Attributes for embedded content and images</a><li><a href=rendering.html#image-maps-2>15.4.4 Image maps</a></ol><li><a href=rendering.html#widgets>15.5 Widgets</a><ol><li><a href=rendering.html#native-appearance-2>15.5.1 Native appearance</a><li><a href=rendering.html#writing-mode>15.5.2 Writing mode</a><li><a href=rendering.html#button-layout>15.5.3 Button layout</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-button-element-2>15.5.4 The <code>button</code> element</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-details-and-summary-elements>15.5.5 The <code>details</code> and <code>summary</code> elements</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget>15.5.6 The <code>input</code> element as a text entry widget</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets>15.5.7 The <code>input</code> element as domain-specific widgets</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-range-control>15.5.8 The <code>input</code> element as a range control</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-colour-well>15.5.9 The <code>input</code> element as a color well</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-checkbox-and-radio-button-widgets>15.5.10 The <code>input</code> element as a checkbox and radio button widgets</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-file-upload-control>15.5.11 The <code>input</code> element as a file upload control</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-button>15.5.12 The <code>input</code> element as a button</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-marquee-element-2>15.5.13 The <code>marquee</code> element</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-meter-element-2>15.5.14 The <code>meter</code> element</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-progress-element-2>15.5.15 The <code>progress</code> element</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-select-element-2>15.5.16 The <code>select</code> element</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-textarea-element-2>15.5.17 The <code>textarea</code> element</a></ol><li><a href=rendering.html#frames-and-framesets>15.6 Frames and framesets</a><li><a href=rendering.html#interactive-media>15.7 Interactive media</a><ol><li><a href=rendering.html#links,-forms,-and-navigation>15.7.1 Links, forms, and navigation</a><li><a href=rendering.html#the-title-attribute-2>15.7.2 The <code>title</code> attribute</a><li><a href=rendering.html#editing-hosts>15.7.3 Editing hosts</a><li><a href=rendering.html#text-rendered-in-native-user-interfaces>15.7.4 Text rendered in native user interfaces</a></ol><li><a href=rendering.html#print-media>15.8 Print media</a><li><a href=rendering.html#unstyled-xml-documents>15.9 Unstyled XML documents</a></ol><li id=toc-obsolete><a href=obsolete.html#obsolete>16 Obsolete features</a><ol><li><a href=obsolete.html#obsolete-but-conforming-features>16.1 Obsolete but conforming features</a><ol><li><a href=obsolete.html#warnings-for-obsolete-but-conforming-features>16.1.1 Warnings for obsolete but conforming features</a></ol><li><a href=obsolete.html#non-conforming-features>16.2 Non-conforming features</a><li><a href=obsolete.html#requirements-for-implementations>16.3 Requirements for implementations</a><ol><li><a href=obsolete.html#the-marquee-element>16.3.1 The <code>marquee</code> element</a><li><a href=obsolete.html#frames>16.3.2 Frames</a><li><a href=obsolete.html#other-elements,-attributes-and-apis>16.3.3 Other elements, attributes and APIs</a></ol></ol><li id=toc-iana><a href=iana.html#iana>17 IANA considerations</a><ol><li><a href=iana.html#text/html>17.1 <code>text/html</code></a><li><a href=iana.html#multipart/x-mixed-replace>17.2 <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code></a><li><a href=iana.html#application/xhtml+xml>17.3 <code>application/xhtml+xml</code></a><li><a href=iana.html#text/ping>17.4 <code>text/ping</code></a><li><a href=iana.html#application/microdata+json>17.5 <code>application/microdata+json</code></a><li><a href=iana.html#text/event-stream>17.6 <code>text/event-stream</code></a><li><a href=iana.html#web+-scheme-prefix>17.7 <code>web+</code> scheme prefix</a></ol><li id=toc-index><a href=indices.html#index>Index</a><ol><li><a href=indices.html#elements-3>Elements</a><li><a href=indices.html#element-content-categories>Element content categories</a><li><a href=indices.html#attributes-3>Attributes</a><li><a href=indices.html#element-interfaces>Element interfaces</a><li><a href=indices.html#all-interfaces>All interfaces</a><li><a href=indices.html#events-2>Events</a><li><a href=indices.html#http-headers>HTTP headers</a><li><a href=indices.html#mime-types-2>MIME types</a></ol><li id=toc-references><a href=references.html#references>References</a><li id=toc-acknowledgments><a href=acknowledgements.html#acknowledgments>Acknowledgments</a><li id=toc-ipr><a href=acknowledgements.html#ipr>Intellectual property rights</a></ol>