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id="toc-Flat_and_platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flat_and_platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Flat and platform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flat_and_platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Quill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clipless_pedals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clipless_pedals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Clipless pedals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clipless_pedals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Float_and_tension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Float_and_tension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Float and tension</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Float_and_tension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnet_pedals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnet_pedals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Magnet pedals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnet_pedals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Folding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attachment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attachment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Attachment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attachment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دواسة الدراجة الهوائية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دواسة الدراجة الهوائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedal_de_bicicleta" title="Pedal de bicicleta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pedal de bicicleta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrradpedal" title="Fahrradpedal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fahrradpedal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedal_de_bicicleta" title="Pedal de bicicleta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pedal de bicicleta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicikla_pedalo" title="Bicikla pedalo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bicikla pedalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedal_(bizikleta)" title="Pedal (bizikleta) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pedal (bizikleta)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87" title="پدال دوچرخه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پدال دوچرخه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9dale_de_bicyclette" title="Pédale de bicyclette – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pédale de bicyclette" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedal_de_bicicleta" title="Pedal de bicicleta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pedal de bicicleta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%EB%B0%9C%ED%8C%90" title="자전거 발판 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자전거 발판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedal_sepeda" title="Pedal sepeda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pedal sepeda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velosip%C4%93da_ped%C4%81lis" title="Velosipēda pedālis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Velosipēda pedālis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D3%A9_(%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B9)" title="Дөрөө (унадаг дугуй) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дөрөө (унадаг дугуй)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedaal_(fiets)" title="Pedaal (fiets) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pedaal (fiets)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB_(%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%A2%E8%BB%8A)" title="ペダル (自転車) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペダル (自転車)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedal_(sykkel)" title="Pedal (sykkel) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pedal (sykkel)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peda%C5%82_rowerowy" title="Pedał rowerowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pedał rowerowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedal_de_bicicleta" title="Pedal de bicicleta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pedal de bicicleta" data-language-autonym="Português" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bicycle part which the rider pushes with their foot to turn the wheels</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bicycle_pedal" title="Special:EditPage/Bicycle pedal">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bicycle+pedal%22">"Bicycle pedal"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bicycle+pedal%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bicycle+pedal%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bicycle+pedal%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bicycle+pedal%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bicycle+pedal%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:13-01-06-fahrradkram-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/13-01-06-fahrradkram-05.jpg/300px-13-01-06-fahrradkram-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/13-01-06-fahrradkram-05.jpg/450px-13-01-06-fahrradkram-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/13-01-06-fahrradkram-05.jpg/600px-13-01-06-fahrradkram-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Simple platform bicycle pedal</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>pedal</b> is the part of a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycle</a> that the rider pushes with their foot to propel the vehicle. It provides the connection between the <a href="/wiki/Cyclist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclist">cyclist</a>'s foot or <a href="/wiki/Cycling_shoe" title="Cycling shoe">shoe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crankset" title="Crankset">crank</a> allowing the leg to turn the <a href="/wiki/Bottom_bracket" title="Bottom bracket">bottom bracket</a> spindle and propel the bicycle's wheels. A pedal usually consists of a <a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">spindle</a> that threads into the end of the crank, and a body on which the foot rest is attached, that is free to rotate on <a href="/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)" title="Bearing (mechanical)">bearings</a> with respect to the spindle. </p><p>Pedals were initially attached to cranks connecting directly to the driven (usually front) wheel. The <a href="/wiki/Safety_bicycle" title="Safety bicycle">safety bicycle</a>, as it is known today, came into being when the pedals were attached to a crank driving a <a href="/wiki/Sprocket" title="Sprocket">sprocket</a> that transmitted power to the driven wheel by means of a <a href="/wiki/Roller_chain" title="Roller chain">roller chain</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_pedal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just as bicycles come in many varieties, there are different types of pedals to support different types of cycling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flat_and_platform">Flat and platform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_pedal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Flat and platform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Well-Go_Platform_bicycle_pedal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Well-Go_Platform_bicycle_pedal.jpg/220px-Well-Go_Platform_bicycle_pedal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Well-Go_Platform_bicycle_pedal.jpg/330px-Well-Go_Platform_bicycle_pedal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Well-Go_Platform_bicycle_pedal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Wellgo DMR V8 Copy pedal</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, platform pedals were pedals with a relatively large flat area for the foot to rest on, in contrast to the quill pedal which had very little surface area. </p><p>One form of the platform pedal had a large flat top area and flat bottom for use with toe clips and toe straps. They were designed for greater comfort when using shoes with less than rigid soles. They typically had a smaller cutaway underside giving greater cornering clearance, which was often needed for <a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">track cycling</a>. They were often marketed as being more aerodynamic than conventional quill pedals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Attaching the shoes to the pedals gives the user more control over the pedal movements. There are two methods for attaching a cyclist's shoes to their pedals: toe clips – a basket-and-strap device which hold the foot in place – and so-called clipless pedals, where specialized shoes with built-in bindings attach to compatible pedals. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">mountain biking</a> (MTB) and <a href="/wiki/BMX" title="BMX">BMX</a>, platform pedals typically refer to any flat pedal without a cage. BMX riders typically use plastic pedals made of nylon, polycarbonate, or carbon reinforced plastic, although aluminum alloy and magnesium are not uncommon pedal body materials. Mountain bikers tend to use aluminum or magnesium because of the necessary use of metal studs to offer grip while the pedals are wet, muddy and slippery.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> BMXers tend to prefer platforms to cage pedals because they offer more support and grip for flexible "skate" shoes by using short metal studs. Cage pedals are more popular in the low end mountain bike range. In general, cage pedals are uncommon in all types of biking, although there is a niche market within mountain biking.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Platform pedals are available in a wide variety of types and prices, ranging from disposable plastic units used for test rides on new bicycles to high-end downhill models. Budget models may be made of steel or aluminum and incorporate reflectors for safer riding on streets at night, in addition to complying with some traffic laws. Less expensive platform pedals are generally considered disposable and cannot be rebuilt when worn out. </p><p>More expensive platform pedals for the mountain bike market are available with replaceable metal traction pins and cartridge bearings. Lightweight pedals intended for <a href="/wiki/Freeride_(mountain_biking)" title="Freeride (mountain biking)">freeride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Downhill_cycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Downhill cycling">downhill cycling</a> have been made from exotic metals such as magnesium. </p><p>Toe clips typically are generally not installed on this type of pedal because they are considered unsafe by some MTB and BMX riders.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2012)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> In downhill racing, the extra power and grip offered by clipped pedals is used at the risk of clipped in crashing in which the bicycle can potentially stay attached to the foot of the victim. However, fixed gear riders have started using fabric straps instead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quill">Quill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_pedal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Quill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicycle_pedal,_quill_type,_early_1980s,_Campagnolo_SL_road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bicycle_pedal%2C_quill_type%2C_early_1980s%2C_Campagnolo_SL_road.jpg/170px-Bicycle_pedal%2C_quill_type%2C_early_1980s%2C_Campagnolo_SL_road.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bicycle_pedal%2C_quill_type%2C_early_1980s%2C_Campagnolo_SL_road.jpg/255px-Bicycle_pedal%2C_quill_type%2C_early_1980s%2C_Campagnolo_SL_road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bicycle_pedal%2C_quill_type%2C_early_1980s%2C_Campagnolo_SL_road.jpg/340px-Bicycle_pedal%2C_quill_type%2C_early_1980s%2C_Campagnolo_SL_road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Bicycle pedal, quill road type, with toe clip and toe strap (1970s)</figcaption></figure> <p>The quill pedal is a common pedal system on bicycles. It consists of a main axle section that is attached to the bicycle crank arm and contains extensions from the axle to which parallel cage plates are attached at the front and rear of the pedal. To use the quill pedal, the cyclist pushes his foot against the platform formed by the parallel cage plates.<sup id="cite_ref-Sampson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sampson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To improve the performance of the quill pedal toe clips were added. The toe clip is a thin metal or plastic attachment to the front cage of the pedal. The toe clip is shaped like the toe of a shoe and its function is to prevent a cyclist's shoe from slipping off the pedal during the forward pedaling motion.<sup id="cite_ref-Sampson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sampson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further enhancement of the quill pedal was modifying the toe clip to allow a strap and buckle to go around or through both the pedal and the toe clip to encircle the cyclist's foot on the top of the pedal.<sup id="cite_ref-Sampson_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sampson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This strap is generally made of <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trackcage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Trackcage.jpg/220px-Trackcage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Trackcage.jpg/330px-Trackcage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Trackcage.jpg/440px-Trackcage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>Mikashima track pedal</figcaption></figure> <p>To further improve the quill pedal's efficiency a "cleat" was developed. This cleat consists of a small metal or plastic attachment to the cyclist's shoe. The cleat is slotted and is adapted to engage a quill section of the bicycle pedal. The use of the slotted cleat enhances a cyclist's ability over that provided by toe clips and strap, enabling for greater pedaling efficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-Sampson_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sampson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although quill pedals can be used with smoothed-soled cycling shoes or ordinary shoes, they were designed to be used with cycling shoes which had a slotted shoeplate attached to its sole. The disadvantage with this system is that to remove the shoe from the pedal a rider had to reach down and loosen the strap by hand or leave the toe strap loose and thus give up some efficiency. This type of pedal and pedal setup was common for racing cyclists until the mid to late 1980s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Quill pedals are sometimes said to be named for the quill or "pick up tab" on the rear of the pedal. The weight of the toe clip and strap would make the pedal hang upside down, and the rider would tap the quill with their shoe to flip the pedal over so the shoe could be inserted into the pedal.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main difference between track, road, and touring quill pedals is width. Track pedals are narrow and the front and back plates of the cage are separate, road being a little wider with a one piece cage in a shape of a sideways "U", and touring being the widest to allow for comfort when used with wider, non-racing shoes during longer rides. While quill pedals can be used for mountain biking, the use of clips here is dangerous as they do not grip well. Cage pedals built for mountain biking are typically serrated so that even when muddied, the pedals can be gripped well by any flat shoe. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shimano_SPD_pedal_PD-M520.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Shimano_SPD_pedal_PD-M520.jpg/220px-Shimano_SPD_pedal_PD-M520.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Shimano_SPD_pedal_PD-M520.jpg/330px-Shimano_SPD_pedal_PD-M520.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Shimano_SPD_pedal_PD-M520.jpg/440px-Shimano_SPD_pedal_PD-M520.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4371" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shimano_Pedaling_Dynamics" title="Shimano Pedaling Dynamics">Shimano SPD system</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clipless_pedals">Clipless pedals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_pedal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clipless pedals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LOOK_Keo_Blade_Carbon_clipless_pedals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LOOK_Keo_Blade_Carbon_clipless_pedals.jpg/220px-LOOK_Keo_Blade_Carbon_clipless_pedals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LOOK_Keo_Blade_Carbon_clipless_pedals.jpg/330px-LOOK_Keo_Blade_Carbon_clipless_pedals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LOOK_Keo_Blade_Carbon_clipless_pedals.jpg/440px-LOOK_Keo_Blade_Carbon_clipless_pedals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4546" data-file-height="3167" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Look_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look (company)">LOOK</a> road pedals</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eggbeater_mxr_-_crank_brothers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Eggbeater_mxr_-_crank_brothers.jpg/220px-Eggbeater_mxr_-_crank_brothers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Eggbeater_mxr_-_crank_brothers.jpg/330px-Eggbeater_mxr_-_crank_brothers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Eggbeater_mxr_-_crank_brothers.jpg/440px-Eggbeater_mxr_-_crank_brothers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption>Eggbeater pedal with cleat from Crankbrothers, designed for mountain bikes</figcaption></figure> <p>Clipless pedals (also clip-in or step-in) require a special <a href="/wiki/Cycling_shoe" title="Cycling shoe">cycling shoe</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Cleat_(shoe)#Bicycle_cleats" title="Cleat (shoe)">cleat</a> fitted to the sole, which locks into a mechanism in the pedal and thus holds the shoe firmly to the pedal. Most clipless pedals lock onto the cleat when stepped on firmly and unlock when the heel is twisted outward, although in some cases the locking mechanism is built into the cleat instead of the pedal. Clipless refers to the toe clip (cage) having been replaced by a locking mechanism and not to platform pedals which would normally not have toe clips. The clipless pedal was invented by Charles Hanson in 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-Velo36_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Velo36-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It allowed the rider to twist the shoe to lock and unlock and had rotational float (the freedom to rotate the shoe slightly to prevent joint strain).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The M71 was a clipless pedal designed by Cino <a href="/wiki/Cinelli" title="Cinelli">Cinelli</a> and produced by his company in 1971. It used a plastic shoe cleat which slid into grooves in the pedal and locked in place with a small lever located on the back side of the pedal body. To release the shoe a rider had to reach down and operate the lever, similar to the way a racing cyclist had to reach down and loosen the toestrap. The lever was placed on the outside edge of the pedal so that in the event of a fall the lever hitting the ground would release the foot. The pedal was designed for racing, in particular track racing, and because of the need to reach down to them to unclip, they have been referred to as "death cleats".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> company <a href="/wiki/Look_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look (company)">Look</a> applied downhill snow skiing <a href="/wiki/Ski_binding" title="Ski binding">binding</a> or cleat technology to pedals, producing the first widely used clipless pedals. Initially used by triathletes to facilitate faster "transitions",<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Hinault" title="Bernard Hinault">Bernard Hinault</a>'s victory in <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> in 1985 then helped secure the acceptance of quick-release clipless pedal systems by cyclists. Those pedals, and compatible models by other manufacturers, remain in widespread use today. The cleat is engaged by simply pushing down and forward on the pedal, or, with some designs, by twisting the cleat in sideways. Then, instead of loosening a toestrap or pulling a lever, the cyclist releases a foot from the pedal by twisting the heel outward. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:But_rowerowy_SPD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/But_rowerowy_SPD.jpg/220px-But_rowerowy_SPD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/But_rowerowy_SPD.jpg/330px-But_rowerowy_SPD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/But_rowerowy_SPD.jpg/440px-But_rowerowy_SPD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>SPD Dual Choice with shoe</figcaption></figure> <p>The next major development in clipless pedals was Shimano's SPD (<a href="/wiki/Shimano_Pedaling_Dynamics" title="Shimano Pedaling Dynamics">Shimano Pedaling Dynamics</a>) pedal system. Whereas Look cleats are large and protrude from the sole of the shoe, SPD cleats are small and could be fitted in a recess in the sole, making it possible to walk (although comfort will vary, as the soles of different cycling shoes vary in their rigidity, depending on design). Cycling shoes have rigid soles to maximize power transfer and efficiency. They may be specific to road or mountain biking, or usable for both. Shoes designed for mountain biking typically have recessed cleats that do not protrude beyond the sole of the shoe, and have treads for walking on trails, as walking or carrying the bike is often required. Road cycling shoes are typically lighter than their mountain bike counterparts, and feature a protruding cleat and less weatherproofing. The protruding cleat makes these shoes impractical for walking, as doing so can damage the cleat. Mountain bike cleats can generally be mounted without difficulty to road shoes although sometimes an adapter is required. Such attachment is not usually possible for road pedals, as the cleats are normally too large to be mounted on mountain shoes. The smaller mountain bike cleats are attached to the sole of the shoe by two bolts; larger road-specific cleats are attached by three. Various manufacturers have produced their own designs of clipless pedal systems over the years. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xpedo_M-FORCE_4_TI.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Xpedo_M-FORCE_4_TI.JPG/220px-Xpedo_M-FORCE_4_TI.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Xpedo_M-FORCE_4_TI.JPG/330px-Xpedo_M-FORCE_4_TI.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Xpedo_M-FORCE_4_TI.JPG/440px-Xpedo_M-FORCE_4_TI.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Xpedo M-FORCE 4 TI pedals with six-degree float</figcaption></figure> <p>Platform adapters are designed to temporarily convert clipless pedals into more traditional platform pedals which have a larger and flatter area for the foot to rest on. Clipless pedals can have advantages over flat ones,<sup id="cite_ref-Livestrong_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livestrong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gizmodo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gizmodo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially in mountain biking and racing. They keep the foot from slipping in wet and muddy conditions and provide better transfer of power. Clipless pedal platform adapters are innovative devices designed to convert regular platform pedals into a temporary clipless pedal system. These adapters provide cyclists with a bridge between traditional flat pedals and clipless pedals, allowing them to experiment with the benefits of clipless riding without immediately committing to dedicated clipless shoes. They can be fastened by using bolts but as they are normally in temporary use, it is also common for them to be mounted using different snap-on techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it is possible to use clipless pedals with regular footwear, they will be much less comfortable than platform pedals, as the shoe sole is more likely to bend or slip. Despite wide usage, there is no proven advantage of clipless pedals over flat pedals in pedaling effectiveness, net mechanical efficiency, and muscular activity for both non-cyclists and elite cyclists.<sup id="cite_ref-Mornieux2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mornieux2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Float_and_tension">Float and tension</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_pedal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Float and tension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Float</i> is defined as the degree of movement offered by the cleat within the pedal before release begins. This can be highly important to prevent damage to knees, as most people's legs do not remain in a single plane as they pedal. Many standard road pedal systems offer cleats with a six-degree float. SPD-SL, Look Delta, Look Kéo, and Time cleats are also available in three-degree and zero-degree float. Road pedal systems commonly colour-code cleats by the amount of float offered. Some pedal systems have a fixed (non-adjustable) float, such as six degrees for Crankbrothers and 4.5 degrees for the Kéo Easy. Most cleats develop more float as they wear. Clipless float pedals significantly attenuate the applied moment without reducing the power transmitted to the bike suggesting using float systems to reduce or prevent knee pain.<sup id="cite_ref-WheelerGregorBroker1995_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WheelerGregorBroker1995-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnet_pedals">Magnet pedals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_pedal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Magnet pedals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magnet_Pedal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Magnet_Pedal.jpg/220px-Magnet_Pedal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Magnet_Pedal.jpg/330px-Magnet_Pedal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Magnet_Pedal.jpg/440px-Magnet_Pedal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>Davtus magnet pedal</figcaption></figure> <p>Magnetic pedals were introduced as early as 1897,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Exus Mag Flux Road was available in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norbert Sadler and Wolfgang Duerr filed for a patent in 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-WIPO_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIPO-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it has not been granted as of 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-WIPO_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIPO-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established bicycle component manufacturer, <a href="/wiki/Mavic_(bicycle_parts_company)" title="Mavic (bicycle parts company)">Mavic</a>, introduced a magnetic pedal and dedicated shoe for casual riding in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have received mixed reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view"><span title="This statement is possibly biased. (February 2021)">neutrality</span></a> is <a href="/wiki/Talk:Bicycle_pedal#Possible_neutrality_problem" title="Talk:Bicycle pedal">disputed</a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folding">Folding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_pedal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Folding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To maximize compactness, <a href="/wiki/Folding_bicycle" title="Folding bicycle">folding bicycles</a> often have pedals that fold as well. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brompton_folding_pedal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Folding pedal on a Brompton bicycle"><img alt="Folding pedal on a Brompton bicycle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Brompton_folding_pedal.jpg/120px-Brompton_folding_pedal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Brompton_folding_pedal.jpg/180px-Brompton_folding_pedal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Brompton_folding_pedal.jpg/240px-Brompton_folding_pedal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Folding pedal on a <a href="/wiki/Brompton_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brompton bicycle">Brompton bicycle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Klapp-Pedal_04_(fcm).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Folding pedal on a standard bicycle, unfolded..."><img alt="Folding pedal on a standard bicycle, unfolded..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Klapp-Pedal_04_%28fcm%29.jpg/97px-Klapp-Pedal_04_%28fcm%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Klapp-Pedal_04_%28fcm%29.jpg/146px-Klapp-Pedal_04_%28fcm%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Klapp-Pedal_04_%28fcm%29.jpg/195px-Klapp-Pedal_04_%28fcm%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2569" data-file-height="3164" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Folding pedal on a standard bicycle, unfolded...</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Klapp-Pedal_05_(fcm).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="...and folded"><img alt="...and folded" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Klapp-Pedal_05_%28fcm%29.jpg/103px-Klapp-Pedal_05_%28fcm%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Klapp-Pedal_05_%28fcm%29.jpg/154px-Klapp-Pedal_05_%28fcm%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Klapp-Pedal_05_%28fcm%29.jpg/205px-Klapp-Pedal_05_%28fcm%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2627" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">...and folded</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attachment">Attachment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_pedal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Attachment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pedal spindle is <a href="/wiki/Screw_thread" title="Screw thread">threaded</a> to match a threaded hole at the outboard end of the cranks. Multi-piece cranks have a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">9</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>-inch (14.29 mm) hole with 20 <a href="/wiki/Threads_per_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Threads per inch">TPI</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lead_(engineering)" title="Lead (engineering)">pitch</a> combination fairly unique to this application). One-piece cranks use a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-inch (12.7 mm) by 20 TPI hole. French pedal spindles use <a href="/wiki/Metric_thread" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric thread">M14 × 1.25</a> (14 mm (0.551 in) metric diameter with 1.25 mm (0.049 in) pitch) threads, and thread loosely into a 9/16 pedal hole. The threading size is often stamped into the crank, near the pedal hole. </p><p>The right-side (usually the drive-side) pedal spindle is right-hand threaded, and the left-side (usually the non-drive-side) pedal spindle is left-hand (reverse) threaded to help prevent it from becoming loose by an effect called <a href="/wiki/Precession_(mechanical)" title="Precession (mechanical)">precession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the left pedal turns <a href="/wiki/Clockwise_and_counterclockwise" class="mw-redirect" title="Clockwise and counterclockwise">clockwise</a> on its bearing relative to the crank (and so would seem to tighten a right-hand thread), the force from the rider's foot presses the spindle against the crank thread at a point which rolls around clockwise with respect to the crank, thus slowly pulling the outside of the pedal spindle anticlockwise (counterclockwise) because of friction, and thus would loosen a right-hand thread. </p><p>For a short time in the early 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Shimano" title="Shimano">Shimano</a> made pedals and matching cranks that had a 1-inch (25.4 mm) by 24 TPI interface. This was to allow a larger single bearing, as these pedals were designed to work with just one bearing on the crank side rather than the conventional design of one smaller bearing on each side.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_pedal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Bicycle_pedal_animation.gif" title="File:Bicycle pedal animation.gif">Animation of a bicycle pedal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankset" title="Crankset">Crankset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shoe" title="Cycling shoe">Cycling shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treadle" title="Treadle">Treadle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_pedal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sampson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sampson_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sampson_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sampson_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sampson_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSampson1989" class="citation web cs1">Sampson, Eric A. (28 March 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4815333">"Integrated Bicycle Pedal"</a>. United States Patent Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Integrated+Bicycle+Pedal&rft.pub=United+States+Patent+Office&rft.date=1989-03-28&rft.aulast=Sampson&rft.aufirst=Eric+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatents.google.com%2Fpatent%2FUS4815333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridge1979" class="citation book cs1">Bridge, Raymond (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biketouringsierr00brid"><i>Bike touring: the Sierra Club guide to outings on wheels</i></a></span>. Sierra Club Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871562500" title="Special:BookSources/9780871562500"><bdi>9780871562500</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bike+touring%3A+the+Sierra+Club+guide+to+outings+on+wheels&rft.pub=Sierra+Club+Books&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780871562500&rft.aulast=Bridge&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiketouringsierr00brid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Velo36-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Velo36_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Perfecting the Clipless Pedal". <i>Velo News</i>. <b>36</b> (5). Inside Communications, Inc.: 60 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Velo+News&rft.atitle=Perfecting+the+Clipless+Pedal&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=60&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speedplay.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.history">"The History of the Bicycle Pedal"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060619101921/http://www.speedplay.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.history">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Bicycle+Pedal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speedplay.com%2Findex.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3Dhome.history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Brown_(bicycle_mechanic)" title="Sheldon Brown (bicycle mechanic)">Brown, Sheldon</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheldonbrown.com/gloss_da-o.html">"Bicycle Glossary Da-Do: Death Cleat"</a>. Sheldon Brown. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070910065828/http://www.sheldonbrown.com/gloss_da-o.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bicycle+Glossary+Da-Do%3A+Death+Cleat&rft.pub=Sheldon+Brown&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sheldonbrown.com%2Fgloss_da-o.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Livestrong-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Livestrong_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livestrong.com/article/347867-advantages-clipless-cycling-pedals/">"The advantages of clipless cycling pedals"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161219121622/http://www.livestrong.com/article/347867-advantages-clipless-cycling-pedals/">Archived</a> 2016-12-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Livestrong. Retrieved on August 17, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gizmodo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gizmodo_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/5990381/why-you-should-switch-to-clipless-pedals">"Why You Should Switch to Clipless Pedals"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909094852/http://gizmodo.com/5990381/why-you-should-switch-to-clipless-pedals">Archived</a> 2017-09-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Gizmodo. Retrieved on August 17, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyclingtrekinfo.com/clipless-pedal-platform-adapters/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"What are Clipless Pedal Platform Adapters?": Featuring '3' Types and Easy Snap-On Techniques - cyclingtrekinfo.com"</a>. 2023-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22What+are+Clipless+Pedal+Platform+Adapters%3F%22%3A+Featuring+%273%27+Types+and+Easy+Snap-On+Techniques+-+cyclingtrekinfo.com&rft.date=2023-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyclingtrekinfo.com%2Fclipless-pedal-platform-adapters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mornieux2008-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mornieux2008_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMornieuxStapelfeldtGollhoferBelli2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mornieux, G.; Stapelfeldt, B.; Gollhofer, A.; Belli, A. (17 April 2008). "Effects of Pedal Type and Pull-Up Action during Cycling". <i>International Journal of Sports Medicine</i>. <b>29</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">817–</span>822. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1055%2Fs-2008-1038374">10.1055/s-2008-1038374</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1439-3964">1439-3964</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0172-4622">0172-4622</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18418807">18418807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Pedal+Type+and+Pull-Up+Action+during+Cycling&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E817-%3C%2Fspan%3E822&rft.date=2008-04-17&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18418807&rft.issn=0172-4622&rft.eissn=1439-3964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1055%2Fs-2008-1038374&rft.aulast=Mornieux&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Stapelfeldt%2C+B.&rft.au=Gollhofer%2C+A.&rft.au=Belli%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WheelerGregorBroker1995-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WheelerGregorBroker1995_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheelerGregorBroker1995" class="citation journal cs1">Wheeler, Jeffrey B.; Gregor, Robert J.; Broker, Jeffrey P. (May 1995). "The Effect of Clipless Float Design on Shoe/Pedal interface Kinetics and Overuse Knee injuries during Cycling". <i>Journal of Applied Biomechanics</i>. <b>11</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">119–</span>141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1123%2Fjab.11.2.119">10.1123/jab.11.2.119</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1543-2688">1543-2688</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1065-8483">1065-8483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Biomechanics&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Clipless+Float+Design+on+Shoe%2FPedal+interface+Kinetics+and+Overuse+Knee+injuries+during+Cycling&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E119-%3C%2Fspan%3E141&rft.date=1995-05&rft.issn=1065-8483&rft.eissn=1543-2688&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1123%2Fjab.11.2.119&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+B.&rft.au=Gregor%2C+Robert+J.&rft.au=Broker%2C+Jeffrey+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speedplay.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.history">"Bicycle Pedal History Museum, Bicycle Pedal Timeline"</a>. Speedplay Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060619101921/http://www.speedplay.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.history">Archived</a> from the original on 2006-06-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-12</span></span>. <q>1897: Tudor invents first magnetic clipless pedal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bicycle+Pedal+History+Museum%2C+Bicycle+Pedal+Timeline&rft.pub=Speedplay+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speedplay.com%2Findex.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3Dhome.history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speedplay.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=pedalmuseum.clipless">"Bicycle Pedal History Museum, Clipless Road Pedal Gallery and Time Line"</a>. Speedplay Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091220031842/http://www.speedplay.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=pedalmuseum.clipless">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-12</span></span>. <q>Exus Mag Flux Road 1996, Taiwan, Foot is secured by a powerful earth magnet</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bicycle+Pedal+History+Museum%2C+Clipless+Road+Pedal+Gallery+and+Time+Line&rft.pub=Speedplay+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speedplay.com%2Findex.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3Dpedalmuseum.clipless&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WIPO-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WIPO_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WIPO_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=EP14748824">"Magnetic non-positive connection between a bicycle pedal and the shoe of a cyclist"</a>. World Intellectual Property Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307032847/https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=EP14748824">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-23</span></span>. <q>...unlimited relative movement, in particular, in rotation, between the bicycle shoe and the pedal, without causing undesired separation of the magnetic non-positive connection.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magnetic+non-positive+connection+between+a+bicycle+pedal+and+the+shoe+of+a+cyclist&rft.pub=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatentscope.wipo.int%2Fsearch%2Fen%2Fdetail.jsf%3FdocId%3DEP14748824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bikeradar.com/gear/category/components/pedals/product/review-mavic-ez-ride-evolve-35104">"Mavic EZ-Ride Evolve pedals review"</a>. BikeRadar. 3 Sep 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120712053214/http://www.bikeradar.com/gear/category/components/pedals/product/review-mavic-ez-ride-evolve-35104">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-23</span></span>. <q>EZ-Ride Evolve pedals are fantastic if you consider what they're designed to do.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mavic+EZ-Ride+Evolve+pedals+review&rft.pub=BikeRadar&rft.date=2009-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bikeradar.com%2Fgear%2Fcategory%2Fcomponents%2Fpedals%2Fproduct%2Freview-mavic-ez-ride-evolve-35104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130102624/http://www.mtnbikeriders.com/2009/11/05/protonlocks-magnetic-pedals-review/">"ProTonLocks Magnetic Pedals: Review"</a>. MtnBikeRiders. Nov 5, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mtnbikeriders.com/2009/11/05/protonlocks-magnetic-pedals-review/">the original</a> on November 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-23</span></span>. <q>I'm not going to beat around the bush, these pedals suck</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ProTonLocks+Magnetic+Pedals%3A+Review&rft.pub=MtnBikeRiders&rft.date=2009-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtnbikeriders.com%2F2009%2F11%2F05%2Fprotonlocks-magnetic-pedals-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlie_Sorrel2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Charlie Sorrel (September 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2009/09/24912/">"Magnetic Bike Pedals Work With Any Shoes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-23</span></span>. <q>We agree, and we see the exact same problem with this version from Proton Locks. While it has a big advantage over the Mavic EZ-Ride pedals in that it comes with magnetic plates to bolt onto your own shoes, rather than requiring you buy a specially made pair, it still suffers from a lack of locking.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Magnetic+Bike+Pedals+Work+With+Any+Shoes&rft.date=2009-09-24&rft.au=Charlie+Sorrel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fgadgetlab%2F2009%2F09%2F24912%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJobst_Brandt2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jobst_Brandt" title="Jobst Brandt">Jobst Brandt</a> (April 28, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sheldonbrown.com/brandt/left.html">"Left Hand Threads"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Brown_(bicycle_mechanic)" title="Sheldon Brown (bicycle mechanic)">Sheldon Brown</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905142421/http://www.sheldonbrown.com/brandt/left.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-13</span></span>. <q>Unscrewing occurs from precession, in which a round object rolling in a circular ring in one direction will itself turn in the opposite direction.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Left+Hand+Threads&rft.pub=Sheldon+Brown&rft.date=2004-04-28&rft.au=Jobst+Brandt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsheldonbrown.com%2Fbrandt%2Fleft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheldon_Brown" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Brown_(bicycle_mechanic)" title="Sheldon Brown (bicycle mechanic)">Sheldon Brown</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sheldonbrown.com/gloss_p.html">"Sheldon Brown's Bicycle Glossary: Precession"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927044144/http://www.sheldonbrown.com/gloss_p.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-13</span></span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Precession' refers to the tendency of a part subject to rotating stresses to rotate in the opposite direction of the stress rotation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sheldon+Brown%27s+Bicycle+Glossary%3A+Precession&rft.au=Sheldon+Brown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsheldonbrown.com%2Fgloss_p.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080525213050/http://208.77.210.187/shimano1982/pages/27.html">"1982 Shimano Catalog"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://208.77.210.187/shimano1982/pages/27.html">the original</a> on 2008-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1982+Shimano+Catalog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F208.77.210.187%2Fshimano1982%2Fpages%2F27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+pedal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_pedal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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carrier">Luggage carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fender_(vehicle)#Bicycles_and_motorcycles" title="Fender (vehicle)">Mudguards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannier#Bicycle_panniers" title="Pannier">Panniers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddlebag#Bicycle" title="Saddlebag">Saddlebag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoke_card" title="Spoke card">Spoke card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_reflector#Bicycle_reflector" title="Safety reflector">Reflectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirt_guard" title="Skirt guard">Skirt guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_fender" title="Bicycle fender">Fender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_wheels" title="Training wheels">Training wheels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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