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<li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration_to_Serer_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration_to_Serer_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Migration to Serer regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration_to_Serer_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senegambian_kings_from_the_Guelowar_maternal_clan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senegambian_kings_from_the_Guelowar_maternal_clan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Senegambian kings from the Guelowar maternal clan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senegambian_kings_from_the_Guelowar_maternal_clan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Senegambian kings from the Guelowar maternal clan subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Senegambian_kings_from_the_Guelowar_maternal_clan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Sine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Sine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kingdom of Sine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Sine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Saloum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Saloum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kingdom of Saloum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Saloum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Cayor_and_Baol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Cayor_and_Baol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Kingdom of Cayor and Baol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Cayor_and_Baol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Jolof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Jolof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Kingdom of Jolof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Jolof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rest_of_Senegambia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rest_of_Senegambia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Rest of Senegambia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rest_of_Senegambia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" 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Serer kingdoms of Sine and Saloum</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Lamane" title="Lamane">Lamane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Serer_history" title="Timeline of Serer history">Timeline of Serer history</a></div> <p><b>Guelowar</b> (or <b>Gelwaar</b> in <a href="/wiki/Serer_language" title="Serer language">Serer</a>), also spelled <b>Gelwar</b>, Guelwar, Guelware, Gueleware or Gueloware, was a maternal dynasty in the pre-colonial <a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer</a> kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sine" title="Kingdom of Sine">Sine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saloum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Saloum">Saloum</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/Senegambia" title="Senegambia">Senegambia</a>, but mainly in the western area of present-day <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>). They were from the <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a> ethnic group. The offspring of Mandinka women and Serer men became the kings of Sine and Saloum. The dynasty lasted from the mid-14th century to 1969, the year both kings died.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The terme "Guelwar", <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">Anglicised</a> or <a href="/wiki/Francization" title="Francization">Franconised</a> to "Guelwars", is the plural form. The singular is "Kelwar" (in Serer).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Guelowar family originated from <a href="/wiki/Kaabu" title="Kaabu">Kaabu</a> (centered in what is now modern-day <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea Bissau">Guinea Bissau</a>) in the 14th century. Their oral tradition says that they are descended from <a href="/wiki/Tiramakhan_Traore" title="Tiramakhan Traore">Mansa Tiramakan Traore</a>, a 13th century cousin and general of Mansa (king) <a href="/wiki/Sundiata_Keita" title="Sundiata Keita">Sundiata Keita</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>. Mansa Tiramakan Traore (also spelled in many variations: Tiramakan Trawally, Tiramakhan Traore, etc.) had conquered the <a href="/wiki/Bainuk_people" title="Bainuk people">Bainuk people</a> and killed the last great Bainuk king, King Kikikor, then renamed the country Kaabu before his death in 1265. He was the founder and <a href="/wiki/Mansa_(title)" title="Mansa (title)">Mansa</a> of Kaabu. Their oral tradition also says that they are the descendants of Mansa Bala Diakha and Maisata Yembe Kame Guélaware (king and queen of a province of Kaabu). Others say they are descended from the royal branch of Princess Tenemba. The Mandinkas who founded Kaabu married into the noble Bainuk families. The Mandinkas also changed their own names and adopted Bainuk surnames.<sup id="cite_ref-Ngom,_Biram_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ngom,_Biram-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kaabu was governed by the noble paternal <i>"Sanneh"</i> and <i>"Manneh"</i> clans (variations : <i>Sane</i> and <i>Mane</i>), with the noble maternal clans of <a href="/wiki/%C3%91aanco" class="mw-redirect" title="Ñaanco">Ñaanco</a> and Guelowar. However, almost all the kings of Kaabu came from the Ñaanco maternal clan. The Guelowars were extended maternal relatives of the Ñaanco and one of their greatest threat to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-Ngom,_Biram_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ngom,_Biram-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Migration_to_Serer_regions">Migration to Serer regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Migration to Serer regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henry Gravrand reported an oral tradition describing what he called the "Battle of Troubang", a dynastic war between the two maternal royal houses of Ñaanco and Guelowar, an offshoot and relatives of the <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%91aanco" class="mw-redirect" title="Ñaanco">Ñaanco</a></i> (<i>Nyanthio</i> or <i>Nyanco</i>) maternal dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Kaabu" title="Kaabu">Kaabu</a>, in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea Bissau">Guinea Bissau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-D._Fage,_Roland_Anthony_Oliver_p282_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D._Fage,_Roland_Anthony_Oliver_p282-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Here Gravrand has not noticed that this is actually a description of the 1867 (or 1865) <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kansala" title="Battle of Kansala">Battle of Kansala</a>, although the departure of the Guelowar can probably be explained by a war or a conflict of succession.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whatever the reason, they left Kaabu <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circa" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:circa">c</a> 1335.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to oral tradition they were a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a>, descendants of Mansa Tiramang Trawally (many variations: <a href="/wiki/Tiramakhan_Traore" title="Tiramakhan Traore">Tiramakhan Traore</a>, <i>Tira Makhang Trawally</i>, <i>Tiramanghan Trawally</i> or <i>Tiramang Traore</i>) of <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bainuk_people" title="Bainuk people">Bainuk</a> nobility, from the patrilineages of <i>Sanneh</i> and <i>Manneh</i> (<i>Sané</i> or <i>Mané</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-D._Fage,_Roland_Anthony_Oliver_p282_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D._Fage,_Roland_Anthony_Oliver_p282-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Guelowars migrated to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sine" title="Kingdom of Sine">Kingdom of Sine</a> and were granted asylum by <a href="/wiki/Lamane" title="Lamane">The Great Council of Lamanes</a> (the Serer nobility).<sup id="cite_ref-Biram_Ngom_1987_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biram_Ngom_1987-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marriages between the Serer paternal clans such as <a href="/wiki/Faye_family" title="Faye family">Faye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joof_family" title="Joof family">Joof</a> to the Guelwar women created the Serer paternal dynasties and a Guelowar maternal dynasty which replaced the old <a href="/wiki/Wagadou" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagadou">Wagadou</a> maternal dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Maysa_Wali_Jaxateh_Manneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh">Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh</a> (many variations in spelling: <i>Maissa Wali</i>, <i>Maissa Wally</i> also known as <i>Maysa Wali Jon</i> or <i>Maysa Wali Dione</i>) - (reigned 1350)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the first Guelowar king of Sine post Troubang (1335). Having served for several years as legal advisor to The Great Council of Lamans and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">assimilated</a> into Serer culture, he was elected and crowned the first Guelowar king of Sine in (1350).<sup id="cite_ref-Biram_Ngom_1987_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biram_Ngom_1987-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His sisters and nieces were married off to the Serer nobility and the <a href="/wiki/Offspring" title="Offspring">offspring</a> of these unions where the kings of Sine and later <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saloum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Saloum">Saloum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig" title="Maad a Sinig">Maad a Sinig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maad_Saloum" title="Maad Saloum">Maad Saloum</a> respectively).<sup id="cite_ref-Biram_Ngom_1987_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biram_Ngom_1987-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mainstream view has been that Mandinka Guelowars of Kaabu conquered and subjugated the <a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer people</a>. Serer oral tradition speaks of no military conquest, but a union based on marriage; a marriage between the noble Guelowar maternal clan and the noble Serer paternal clans, the descendants of the old Serer <a href="/wiki/Lamane" title="Lamane">Lamanic class</a>. Almost all the kings of Sine and Saloum bore Serer <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surnames</a> not Mandinka. Maysa Wali's paternal descendants did not rule in Sine neither did they rule in Saloum. It was the paternal descendants of the ancient Serer Lamanic class who ruled. Serer language, culture, religion and tradition also prevailed in Sine and Saloum not Mandinka. The Guelowars were incorporated into Serer society and they saw themselves as Serers.<sup id="cite_ref-Sarr,_Alioune_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarr,_Alioune-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ngom,_Biram_(Babacar_Sédikh_Diouf)_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ngom,_Biram_(Babacar_Sédikh_Diouf)-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Wolof culture is also very strong in Saloum, just as Serer culture, <a href="/wiki/Wolof_people" title="Wolof people">Wolof people</a> were migrants to the Serer <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saloum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Saloum">Kingdom of Saloum</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sine" title="Kingdom of Sine">Kingdom of Sine</a> was ethnically Serer. The Kingdom of Saloum was mixed, but the non-Serer population were migrants.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senegambian_kings_from_the_Guelowar_maternal_clan">Senegambian kings from the Guelowar maternal clan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Senegambian kings from the Guelowar maternal clan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the <a href="/wiki/Senegambian" class="mw-redirect" title="Senegambian">Senegambian</a> kings belonging to the Guelowar maternal clan can be found below. <i>Maad</i> means king in <a href="/wiki/Serer-Sine" class="mw-redirect" title="Serer-Sine">Serer-Sine language</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig" title="Maad a Sinig">Maad a Sinig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maad_Saloum" title="Maad Saloum">Maad Saloum</a> means "king of Sine" and "king of Saloum" respectively. There are many variations in the spelling of <i>Maad</i>. Sometimes it is spelled <i>Mad</i>, <i>Maat</i>, etc. <i>Maad</i> is also sometimes used interchangeably to refer to the ancient Serer kings – the <a href="/wiki/Lamane" title="Lamane">Lamanes</a> – who were the kings and <a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">landed gentry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ndiaye,Fata-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Sine">Kingdom of Sine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Sine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Maad a Sinig Waagaan Tenin Jom Faye<sup id="cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ndiaye,Fata-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Waagaan Kumbasaanjaan Faye<sup id="cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ndiaye,Fata-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Laasuk Fanaan Faye<sup id="cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ndiaye,Fata-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maad_a_Sinig_Sanmoon_Faye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maad a Sinig Sanmoon Faye (page does not exist)">Maad a Sinig Sanmoon Faye</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ndiaye,Fata-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maad a Sinig Niokhobaye Mane Nyan Joof<sup id="cite_ref-Niokhobaye_Diouf_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niokhobaye_Diouf-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maad a Sinig Guejopal Mane Nyan Joof<sup id="cite_ref-Niokhobaye_Diouf_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niokhobaye_Diouf-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Famak_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sine" title="Kingdom of Sine">Sine</a> (Reigned: 1853 - 1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof</a>, king of Sine (Reigned: 1898 - 1924)<sup id="cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maad a Sinig Mbackeh Kodu Njie (M'Backé Mak), king of Sine (Reigned: 1884 - 1885)<sup id="cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Mahecor_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof">Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof</a>, king of Sine (Reigned: 1924- 1969)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Saloum">Kingdom of Saloum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Saloum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maad_Saloum_Mbegan_Ndour" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour">Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saloum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Saloum">Saloum</a> (Reigned: 1493)<sup id="cite_ref-Ba_Bouri_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ba_Bouri-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maad Saloum Malaotan Joof, king of Saloum (Reigned: 1567)<sup id="cite_ref-Ba_Bouri_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ba_Bouri-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maad Saloum Balleh Njugou Ndaw (Ballé Khordia Ndao), king of Saloum (Reigned: 1825 - 1853)<sup id="cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maad Saloum Bala Adam Njie, king of Saloum (Reigned: 1853 - 1856)<sup id="cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maad Saloum Kumba N'Dama Mbodj, king of Saloum (Reigned: 1856 - 1859)<sup id="cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maad Saloum Samba Laobeh Latsouka Faal, king of Saloum (Reigned: 1859 - 1864)<sup id="cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Cayor_and_Baol">Kingdom of Cayor and Baol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Cayor and Baol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Damel Makodu Yandeh Mbarou Joof Faal, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Baol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Baol">Baol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Teigne_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teigne (title)">Teign</a>) and of <a href="/wiki/Cayor" title="Cayor">Cayor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Damel" title="Damel">Damel</a>). Reigned: 1832 in Baol, 1860 - 1861 in <a href="/wiki/Cayor" title="Cayor">Cayor</a>. Died in June 1863 at Saloum (the ancestral land of his mother).<sup id="cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ndiaye,Fata-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Jolof">Kingdom of Jolof</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Jolof"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bourba Mbagne Pateh Penda Kumba Ngouille Joof Njie - (Mbagne Paaté Coumba N'Gouye Diouf Ndiaye), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jolof" title="Kingdom of Jolof">Jolof</a> (Reigned: 1846). Killed at the Battle of Diakhabour (1846).<sup id="cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ndiaye,Fata-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Leyti_Ndiaye_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leyti_Ndiaye-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bourba Biram Penda Kumba Ngouille Joof Njie - (Birame Penda Coumba N'Gouye Diouf Ndiaye), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jolof" title="Kingdom of Jolof">Jolof</a> (Reigned: 1846). Assassinated in 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ndiaye,Fata-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Leyti_Ndiaye_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leyti_Ndiaye-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rest_of_Senegambia">Rest of Senegambia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rest of Senegambia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mama Tamba Jammeh, king of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yilliyassa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yilliyassa (page does not exist)">Yilliyassa</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>), descendant of Lingeer Kaasa Mengeh (Kaasa Menge) of Saloum.<sup id="cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ndiaye,Fata-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Around the 17th century, there were three main branches of the Guelowar maternal clan in the Serer kingdoms. They were founded by three sisters. They were <a href="/wiki/Lingeer" title="Lingeer">Lingeers</a> (queens or princesses) whose names are used to refer to their maternal descendants. They include: </p> <dl><dd>1. The Keway Begay clan (English spelling in <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> or <i>Keve Bigui</i> - French spelling in <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>)</dd> <dd>2. The Horaja Begay clan (<i>Khoredia Bigui</i> in Senegal)</dd> <dd>3. The Jogop Begay clan (<i>Diogop Bigui</i> in Senegal)</dd></dl> <p>The princes who belonged to these three maternal clans were engaged in several wars in Senegambia, in order to ensure the succession of their maternal clan. The Serer princes belonging to the clans Keway Begay and Jogop Begay were engaged in constant battles.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guelwaar" title="Guelwaar">Guelwaar</a></i>, a film by <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Semb%C3%A8ne" title="Ousmane Sembène">Ousmane Sembène</a> (1992) which borrows the name.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/32px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/48px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/64px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Senegal" title="Portal:Senegal">Senegal portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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href="/wiki/History_of_the_Gambia" title="History of the Gambia">History of the Gambia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelowar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alioune_Sarr" title="Alioune Sarr">Sarr, Alioune</a>, <i>Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87.</i> p21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Thilmans, Cyr Descamps, Abdoulaye Camara, <i>Senegalia, études sur le patrimoine ouest-africain : hommage à Guy Thilmans</i>, Sépia (2006). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84280-122-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-84280-122-9">2-84280-122-9</a>. pp 220-221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martin_A._Klein" title="Martin A. Klein">Martin A. Klein</a>. <i>Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914</i>, Edinburgh University Press (1968). p XV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael J. Sheridan, Celia Nyamweru. <i>African sacred groves: ecological dynamics & social change</i>. James Currey, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8214-1789-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8214-1789-4">0-8214-1789-4</a>. p 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Parcours <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://crdp.ac-paris.fr/parcours/index.php/documents-et-supports-complementaires-2">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diouf, Marcel Mahawa, "Lances mâles: Léopold Sédar Senghor et les traditions sérères." Centre d'études linguistiques et historiques par tradition orale (1996), p. 247</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ngom,_Biram-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ngom,_Biram_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ngom,_Biram_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ngom, Biram: <i>La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin</i>, Dakar, Université de Dakar, 1987 "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Innes, Gordon, Suso, Bamba, Kanute, Banna , Kanute, Dembo, <i>"<a href="/wiki/Sundiata_Keita" title="Sundiata Keita">"Sunjata</a>: three Mandinka versions"</i>, p128, Psychology Press, 1974. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7286-0003-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7286-0003-X">0-7286-0003-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D._Fage,_Roland_Anthony_Oliver_p282-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-D._Fage,_Roland_Anthony_Oliver_p282_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D._Fage,_Roland_Anthony_Oliver_p282_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fage, J. D., Oliver, Roland Anthony, <i>The Cambridge history of Africa</i>, p282, Cambridge University Press, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-20413-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-20413-5">0-521-20413-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alioune_Sarr" title="Alioune Sarr">Sarr, Alioune</a>, <i>Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal)</i> Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. 1986-87, p 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alioune_Sarr" title="Alioune Sarr">Sarr, Alioune</a>, <i>Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal)</i> Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. 1986-87, p 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Innes, Gordon; Suso, Bamba; Kanute, Banna; Kanute, Dembo, <i>Sunjata: three Mandinka versions</i>, p 128, Psychology Press, 1974. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7286-0003-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7286-0003-X">0-7286-0003-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biram_Ngom_1987-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biram_Ngom_1987_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biram_Ngom_1987_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biram_Ngom_1987_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ngom, Biram,(<a href="/wiki/Babacar_S%C3%A9dikh_Diouf" class="mw-redirect" title="Babacar Sédikh Diouf">Babacar Sédikh Diouf</a>). <i>La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin</i>, Dakar, Université de Dakar, 1987, 69 p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the old Serer paternal dynasties such as the <a href="/wiki/Joof_family" title="Joof family">Joof family</a> etc., and the Wagadou maternal dynasty, including the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Baol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Baol">Kingdom of Baol</a> - an old Serer Kingdom, See : (Ning & Sain 1972) [in] Colvin, Lucie Gallistel, <i>Historical Dictionary of Senegal</i>, Scarecrow Press/ Metuchen. NJ – London (1981) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-1885-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-1885-X">0-8108-1885-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For Maysa Wali's reign, see : Sarr, Alioune, <i>Histoire du Sine-Saloum</i> (Sénégal), (introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker), in Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 46, série B, nos 3-4, 1986–1987. p 19. See also : <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Éthiopiques, Volume 2, p 100-101, Grande imprimerie africaine (1984)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarr, Alioune, <i>"Histoire du Sine-Saloum"</i> (Sénégal), (introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker), in Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 46, série B, nos 3-4, 1986–1987. p 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gravrand, Henry, <i>Le Gabou dans les traditions orales du Ngabou</i>, <i>Éthiopiques</i> 28 special issue No, socialist journal of Black African culture (1981)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarr, Alioune, p 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarr,_Alioune-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sarr,_Alioune_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarr, Alioune: <i>Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal) . Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87. p 19</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ngom,_Biram_(Babacar_Sédikh_Diouf)-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ngom,_Biram_(Babacar_Sédikh_Diouf)_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ngom, Biram (<a href="/wiki/Babacar_S%C3%A9dikh_Diouf" class="mw-redirect" title="Babacar Sédikh Diouf">Babacar Sédikh Diouf</a>): <i>La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin</i>, Dakar, Université de Dakar, 1987, p 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klein, Martin A: <i>Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914.</i> Edinburgh University Press (1968), p 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diange, Pathé. <i>Les Royaumes Sérères, Présence Africaines, No. 54. (1965)</i>. pp 142-172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ndiaye,Fata-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ndiaye,Fata_23-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ndiaye, Fata: La Saga du peuple Serere et L'Histoire du Sine. <i>Ethiopiques n°54 revue semestrielle de culture négro-africaine</i> Nouvelle série volume 7 2e semestre 1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niokhobaye_Diouf-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Niokhobaye_Diouf_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niokhobaye_Diouf_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Niokhobaye Diouf: <i>Chronique du royaume du Sine. suivie de Notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine.</i> p 712-733</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klein,_Martin_A-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein,_Martin_A_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klein, Martin A: <i>Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914.</i> Edinburgh University Press (1968), p XV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ba_Bouri-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ba_Bouri_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ba_Bouri_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ba, Abdou Bouri. Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip. Avant-propos par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. Publié dans le <i>Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire</i>. pp 10-27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klein, Martin A: <i>Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914.</i> Edinburgh University Press (1968), pp 74-77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leyti_Ndiaye-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leyti_Ndiaye_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leyti_Ndiaye_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ndiaye Leyti, Oumar. <i>Le Djoloff et ses Bourba</i>. (1966)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klein, Martin A: <i>Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914.</i> Edinburgh University Press (1968), pp 45, 75, 105, 157, 173</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Serer_topics231" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Serer_topics231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_people" title="Category:Serer people">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Laalaa" title="Serer-Laalaa">Laalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Ndut_people" title="Serer-Ndut people">Ndut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niominka_people" title="Niominka people">Niominka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Noon" title="Serer-Noon">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palor_people" title="Palor people">Palor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saafi_people" title="Saafi people">Saafi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seex_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seex people (page does not exist)">Seex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_religion" title="Category:Serer religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cii%C9%97_(Serer_religion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciiɗ (Serer religion) (page does not exist)">Ciiɗ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndut_initiation_rite" title="Ndut initiation rite">Classical Ndut teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_creation_myth" title="Serer creation myth">Creation myth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_Serer_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criticism of Serer religion (page does not exist)">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Serer_festivals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Serer festivals (page does not exist)">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaaniiw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaaniiw (page does not exist)">Jaaniiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junjung" title="Junjung">Junjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamane" title="Lamane">Lamane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangool" title="Pangool">Pangool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadax (page does not exist)">Sadax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltigue" title="Saltigue">Saltigue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer_symbolism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serer symbolism (page does not exist)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Role_of_women_in_Serer_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Role of women in Serer religion (page does not exist)">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xooy" title="Xooy">Xooy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_deities" title="Category:Serer deities">Supreme deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokh_Kox" title="Kokh Kox">Kokh Kox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koox" class="mw-redirect" title="Koox">Koox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kop%C3%A9_Tiatie_Cac" title="Kopé Tiatie Cac">Kopé Tiatie Cac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roog" title="Roog">Roog (main)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumba_Njaay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumba Njaay (page does not exist)">Kumba Njaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takhar" title="Takhar">Takhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiurakh" title="Tiurakh">Tiurakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_holy_places" title="Category:Serer holy places">Sacred sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatick" title="Fatick">Fatick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sine_River" title="Sine River">Sine River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sine-Saloum" title="Sine-Saloum">Sine-Saloum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somb" title="Somb">Somb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_Sangomar" title="Point of Sangomar">Point of Sangomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattaguine" title="Tattaguine">Tattaguine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukar" title="Tukar">Tukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaboyabo" title="Yaboyabo">Yaboyabo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_history" title="Category:Serer history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Godomat" title="Amar Godomat">Amar Godomat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cekeen_Tumuli" title="Cekeen Tumuli">Cekeen Tumuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasso" title="Khasso">Khasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baol" title="Baol">Kingdom of Baol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biffeche" title="Biffeche">Kingdom of Biffeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saloum" title="Saloum">kingdom of Saloum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sine" title="Kingdom of Sine">Kingdom of Sine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_prehistory" title="Serer prehistory">Serer prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_history" title="Serer history">Serer history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_headed_by_Serer_Lamanes" title="States headed by Serer Lamanes">States headed by Serer Lamanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fandane-Thiouthioune" title="Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune">Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Logand%C3%A8me" title="Battle of Logandème">Battle of Logandème</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Serer_history" title="Timeline of Serer history">Timeline of Serer history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_country" title="Category:Serer country">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Gambia" title="Demographics of the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mauritania" title="Demographics of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Senegal" title="Demographics of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer_country&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serer country (page does not exist)">Serer country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_language" title="Category:Serer language">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangin_languages" title="Cangin languages">Cangin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laalaa_language" title="Laalaa language">Lehar/Laalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndut_language" title="Ndut language">Ndut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noon_language" title="Noon language">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palor_language" title="Palor language">Palor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safen_language" title="Safen language">Safen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_language" title="Serer language">Serer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birth in Serer society (page does not exist)">Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiere" title="Thiere">Saadj (or Chere or saay)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Death in Serer society (page does not exist)">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inheritance in Serer society (page does not exist)">Inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Serer society (page does not exist)">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbalax" title="Mbalax">Mbalax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njuup" title="Njuup">Njuup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabar" title="Sabar">Sabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_drum" title="Talking drum">Tama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tassu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tassu (page does not exist)">Tassu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_wrestling" title="Senegalese wrestling">Njom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_royalty" title="Category:Serer royalty">Royalty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maad" title="Category:Maad">Kings</a> (<i>Maad</i>) and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Lamane" title="Category:Lamane">Lamanes</a> (ancient kings / landowners)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamane_Jegan_Joof" title="Lamane Jegan Joof">Lamane Jegan Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Famak_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Famak_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Mahecor_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof">Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Maysa_Wali_Jaxateh_Manneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh">Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Ama_Joof_Gnilane_Faye_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof">Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_Ndaah_Njemeh_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof">Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_Semou_Njekeh_Joof" class="mw-redirect" title="Maad Semou Njekeh Joof">Maad Semou Njekeh Joof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lingeer" title="Category:Lingeer">Queens & Queen Mothers</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer_Fatim_Beye" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingeer Fatim Beye">Lingeer Fatim Beye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer_Ndoye_Demba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingeer Ndoye Demba">Lingeer Ndoye Demba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer_Ngon%C3%A9_Di%C3%A8ye" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingeer Ngoné Dièye">Lingeer Ngoné Dièye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingeer_Selbeh_Ndoffene_Joof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof (page does not exist)">Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_maternal_clans" title="Serer maternal clans">Serer maternal clans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dynasties and<br />royal houses</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_family" title="Faye family">Faye family</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guelowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joof_family" title="Joof family">Joof family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joos_Maternal_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Joos Maternal Dynasty">Joos Maternal Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_House_of_Boureh_Gnilane_Joof" title="The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof">The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_House_of_Jogo_Siga_Joof" title="The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof">The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_House_of_Semou_Njekeh_Joof" title="The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof">The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_families" title="Category:Serer families">Families</a> and<br />royal titles</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buumi" title="Buumi">Buumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_family" title="Faye family">Faye family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joof_family" title="Joof family">Joof family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamane" title="Lamane">Lamane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer" title="Lingeer">Lingeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loul" title="Loul">Loul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad" title="Maad">Maad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_Saloum" title="Maad Saloum">Maad Saloum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig" title="Maad a Sinig">Maad a Sinig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngum_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngum family (page does not exist)">Ngum family</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Njie_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njie family (page does not exist)">Njie family</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarr_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarr family (page does not exist)">Sarr family</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sene_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sene family (page does not exist)">Sene family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teigne" title="Teigne">Teigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thilas" title="Thilas">Thilas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jola_people" title="Jola people">Jola people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebu_people" title="Lebu people">Lebu people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toucouleur_people" title="Toucouleur people">Toucouleur people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolof_people" title="Wolof people">Wolof people</a></li></ul> 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