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class="content"><article class="post-4635 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-clinical-research-and-toxicology category-sports-doping tag-clinical-research tag-toxicology entry" aria-label="PEDs and the Olympics: The Allure of SARMs"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title">PEDs and the Olympics: The Allure of SARMs</h1> <span class="post-info-author"> By <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/analyteguru/tf-author/analyteguru-staff/" title="Posts by AnalyteGuru Staff" rel="author">AnalyteGuru Staff, </a> </span> <span class="post-info-date"> 02.14.2018 </span> </header><div class="entry-content"><div class="lia-message-body-content"> <p>Since the inception of the modern Olympics more than 100 years ago, athletes have engaged in various activities in order to gain a competitive edge—from alcohol to amphetamines to anabolic steroids. But it wasn’t until the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City (after the creation of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the introduction of anti-doping regulations) that the first Olympic athlete tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs).</p> <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer"><span class="lia-inline-image-display-wrapper lia-image-align-right" style="width: 499px"><img decoding="async" class="alignright wp-image-4637" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/analyteguru/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2023/06/3384-og-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="498" height="332" srcset="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/analyteguru/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2023/06/3384-og-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/analyteguru/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2023/06/3384-og-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/analyteguru/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2023/06/3384-og-96x65.jpg 96w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/analyteguru/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2023/06/3384-og.jpg 999w" sizes="(max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px" /></span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer">During the last fifty years</a>, more than 400 Olympic athletes have tested positive for banned substances. In the last two Winter and Summer Olympics alone, nearly 200 athletes were disqualified or suspended due to testing positive for banned substances. Recently, <a href="http://fortune.com/2017/12/05/ioc-olympic-russia-ban/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer">Russia was banned from sending a team to the 2018 Winter Olympics</a> as the result of state-sponsored use of performance-enhancing drugs leading up to and during the 2014 Winter Olympics.</p> <p>Over the years, PEDs have come in a variety of options, from steroids to peptide hormones to diuretics, with steroids being the PED of choice. While the anabolic benefits of steroids can help build muscle, reduce fat, increase endurance, and improve recovery time from injuries, the <a href="https://www.drugs.com/article/anabolic-steroids.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer">potential androgenic side effects</a> can be significant. Some of the more severe side effects include: shrinking of the testicles, menstrual irregularities, infertility, liver damage, kidney disease, and heart disease.</p> <p>With the proliferation of PED use has come the search for the next new drug that can not only improve athletic performance with fewer health risks, but that can also avoid detection in drug tests. The next generation of PEDs that are <a href="https://blog.bulletproof.com/sarms-increase-muscle-growth-200/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer">currently being touted</a> are known as selective androgen receptor modulators, or SARMs, which act on hormones in a targeted way that helps to build muscle and shed fat. Unlike traditional steroids that are closely similar in structure to native testosterone or precursor hormones, SARMs may not have similar chemical structures at all.</p> <p>While SARMs create anabolic results similar to steroids, their androgenic effects can be significantly less. Traditional testosterone-based steroids have an anabolic to androgenic effects ratio of 1:1 (meaning the anabolic benefits are just as likely to occur as the androgenic side effects). SARMs, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_androgen_receptor_modulator" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer">on the other hand</a>, have shown anabolic to androgenic ratios of 3:1, with up to as much as 90:1. This increased ratio of anabolic benefits with reduced androgenic side effects makes it much more tempting to competing athletes. But even with the improved benefit-to-risk ratio of SARMs, athletes who choose to take them still run the risk of being caught.</p> <p>In the five decades since the IOC implemented drug testing for the Olympics, not only have the quality and efficacy of performance-enhancing drugs improved, but the methods of <a href="http://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/global/forms/industrial/removing-doubt-forensic-science-mass-spectrometry-workflows-solving-forensic-cases.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">testing for PEDs and illicit drugs</a> have become more improved and sophisticated, as well. Analytical techniques such as <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-lc-ms/lc-ms-systems/orbitrap-lc-ms.html?icid=WB41666" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRAM MS)</a> have helped identify newly introduced PEDs and are used for screening for hundreds of other drugs. HRAM MS based on <a href="http://www.planetorbitrap.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer">Orbitrap</a> technology offers unmatched accurate mass measurement for identifying the exact masses of compounds in a sample, and resolving interference from complex sample matrices such as blood, urine, hair, and <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/global/forms/industrial/advances-benefits-challenges-oral-fluid-testing-forensic-toxicology.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">oral fluid</a>.</p> <p>Instruments such as the <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/IQLAAEGAAPFALGMAZR" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Q Exactive™</a> hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap MS from Thermo Fisher Scientific provide deeper characterization of drug molecule fragmentation patterns, allow confident metabolite prediction, and <a href="http://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/global/forms/industrial/webinar-series--overcoming-challenges-in-sports-doping-analysis.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">better enable anti-doping labs to identify PEDs</a>. The success of these innovative analytical testing systems have helped <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jms.1364/abstract" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer">SARMs become a part of the testing protocol</a> for many athletic sanctioning bodies, including the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).</p> <h3 id="toc-hId--1902368741"><strong>Resources</strong></h3> <ul> <li style="list-style-type: none"> <ul> <li>Visit our online <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/forensics/antidoping.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Antidoping</a> community featuring the latest learning content and newest innovations; dedicated to helping you keep sports true</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li style="list-style-type: none"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/forensics/forensics-learning-center/forensics-resource-library/forensic-webinars.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Forensic webinars</a> to introduce you to cost-effective mass spectrometry–based technologies and forensic applications solutions to help you reveal the truth hidden in virtually any sample.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li style="list-style-type: none"> <ul> <li>Related blogs: <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/analyteguru/to-catch-a-sporting-cheater/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer">To Catch a Sporting Cheat</a>, <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/analyteguru/high-tech-doping-building-better-testing-mouse-traps/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer">High Tech Doping: Building Better Testing “Mouse Traps”</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li style="list-style-type: none"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/forensics/antidoping.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Exclusive interview</a> with Professor Radler, Head of the Brazilian Doping Control – mass spectrometry enables top WADA Lab to beat the cheats</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li style="list-style-type: none"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/global/forms/industrial/milestones-sports-doping-poster-request.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Request</a> your Milestones in Sports Doping poster</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div></article><section class="author-box"><h4 class="author-box-title">AnalyteGuru Staff</h4><div class="author-box-content" itemprop="description"></div></section><div class="adjacent-entry-pagination pagination"><div class="pagination-previous alignleft"><i class="fa fa-icon fa-chevron-left"></i> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/analyteguru/the-jumbo-jet-and-hplc-instruments/" rel="prev">The Jumbo Jet and HPLC Instruments</a></div><div class="pagination-next alignright"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/analyteguru/what-does-the-future-hold-for-hplc-is-it-all-about-productivity/" rel="next">What Does the Future Hold for HPLC? 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