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<span>Location and site</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location_and_site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phoenician_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phoenician_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Phoenician Period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phoenician_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carthaginian_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carthaginian_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Carthaginian Period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carthaginian_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Motya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Motya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Siege of Motya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Motya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek_and_Roman_Periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_and_Roman_Periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Greek and Roman Periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_and_Roman_Periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Archaeology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Archaeology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motya_Charioteer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motya_Charioteer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Motya Charioteer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motya_Charioteer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_earliest_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_earliest_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>The earliest settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_earliest_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Kothon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Kothon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>The Kothon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Kothon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_walls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_walls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>City walls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_walls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_mosaics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_mosaics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>House of mosaics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_mosaics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="معطية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мотия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мотия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2tia" title="Mòtia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mòtia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozia" title="Mozia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mozia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozia" title="Mozia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mozia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CE%B1" title="Μότυα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μότυα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motia" title="Motia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Motia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motja" title="Motja – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Motja" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motia" title="Motia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Motia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="موتیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موتیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moty%C3%A9" title="Motyé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Motyé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozia" title="Mozia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mozia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozia" title="Mozia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mozia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motja" title="Motja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Motja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motya" title="Motya – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Motya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motya" title="Motya – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Motya" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="モティア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モティア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozia" title="Mozia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mozia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motja" title="Motja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Motja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3cia" title="Mócia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mócia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozia" title="Mozia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mozia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мотия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мотия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzia" title="Mozzia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mozzia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motija" title="Motija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Motija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozia" title="Mozia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mozia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motya" title="Motya – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Motya" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozia" title="Mozia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mozia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мотія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мотія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q962184#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Motya&params=37_52_06_N_12_28_07_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°52′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°28′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.86833°N 12.46861°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.86833; 12.46861</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island and ancient city</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the genus of moths, see <a href="/wiki/Motya_(moth)" title="Motya (moth)"><i>Motya</i> (moth)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Motya</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Motya_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Motya_%288%29.jpg/220px-Motya_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Motya_%288%29.jpg/330px-Motya_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Motya_%288%29.jpg/440px-Motya_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Motya</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Motya is located in Sicily"><img alt="Motya is located in Sicily" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg/250px-Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg/375px-Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg/500px-Italy_Sicily_location_map_IT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.476%;left:16.715%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Motya"><img alt="Motya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Sicily</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Sicily</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Motya is located in Italy"><img alt="Motya is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.774%;left:48.974%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Motya"><img alt="Motya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Motya (Italy)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Italy</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Marsala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Motya&params=37_52_06_N_12_28_07_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°52′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°28′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.86833°N 12.46861°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.86833; 12.46861</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Settlement</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">In ruins</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozia_(posizione).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mozia_%28posizione%29.png/220px-Mozia_%28posizione%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mozia_%28posizione%29.png/330px-Mozia_%28posizione%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mozia_%28posizione%29.png/440px-Mozia_%28posizione%29.png 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>Position of Motya</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozia-kothon-baal-tempel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mozia-kothon-baal-tempel.JPG/350px-Mozia-kothon-baal-tempel.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mozia-kothon-baal-tempel.JPG/525px-Mozia-kothon-baal-tempel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mozia-kothon-baal-tempel.JPG/700px-Mozia-kothon-baal-tempel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2133" /></a><figcaption>Temple of Baal</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pianta_Mozia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pianta_Mozia.png/250px-Pianta_Mozia.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pianta_Mozia.png/375px-Pianta_Mozia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Pianta_Mozia.png/500px-Pianta_Mozia.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="881" /></a><figcaption>Plan and sites of Motya island</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Motya</b> was an ancient and powerful city on San Pantaleo Island off the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Stagnone_Lagoon" title="Stagnone Lagoon">Stagnone Lagoon</a> between <a href="/wiki/Drepanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Drepanum">Drepanum</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Lilybaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilybaeum">Lilybaeum</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Marsala</a>). It is within the present-day <a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">commune</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Marsala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. </p><p>Many of the city's ancient monuments have been excavated and are visible today.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Motya has become known for the marble statue of the <a href="/wiki/Motya_Charioteer" title="Motya Charioteer">Motya Charioteer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> found in 1979 and on display at the local Giuseppe Whitaker museum.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span><span class="anchor" id="Name"></span><span class="anchor" id="Toponymy"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Carthaginian settlement was written in their <a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">abjad</a> as <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">HMṬWʾ</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a>: <span lang="xpu" dir="rtl">𐤄𐤌𐤈𐤅𐤀</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911877_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911877-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MṬWʾ</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a>: <span lang="xpu" dir="rtl">𐤌𐤈𐤅𐤀</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>possibly</small> <i>Motye</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuss1985[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidNvEK7kc3qnQCpgPA571_571]_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuss1985[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidNvEK7kc3qnQCpgPA571_571]-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name seems to derive from the <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_language" title="Phoenician language">Phoenician</a> <a href="/wiki/Triliteral_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Triliteral root">triliteral root</a> <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MṬR</span></span>, which would give it the meaning of "a wool-spinning center". </p><p>Motya is the <a href="/wiki/Latinization_of_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinization of names">latinization</a> of the island's <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Greek</a> name, variously written <i>Motýa</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Μοτύα</span></span>) or <i>Motýē</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Μοτύη</span></span>). The Greeks <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">claimed</a> the place was named for a woman named Motya whom they connected with the myths around <a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town's <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> name appears as both <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Mozia</i></span> and <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Mothia</i></span>;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> its <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a> name is <span title="Sicilian-language text"><i lang="scn">Mozzia</i></span>. </p><p>The island first received the name <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">San Pantaleo</i></span> in the 11th century from <a href="/wiki/Basilian_monks" title="Basilian monks">Basilian monks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location_and_site">Location and site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Location and site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StatuenMozia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/StatuenMozia.jpg/220px-StatuenMozia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/StatuenMozia.jpg/330px-StatuenMozia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/StatuenMozia.jpg/440px-StatuenMozia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1038" data-file-height="1794" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Motya_Charioteer" title="Motya Charioteer">Motya Charioteer</a> (5th century BC)</figcaption></figure> <p>Between the promontory of Lilybaeum (Capo Boéo) and that of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aegithallus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aegithallus (page does not exist)">Aegithallus</a> (San Teodoro), the coast forms a deep bight, in front of which lies a long group of low rocky islets, called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stagnone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stagnone (page does not exist)">Stagnone</a>. Within these, and considerably nearer to the mainland, lies Motya island formerly called San Pantaleo, on which lie the remains of the ancient city. The island is nearly 850 m (2,790 ft) long and 750 m (2,460 ft) wide, and about 1 km (0.62 mi) (six <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_units_of_measurement#Length" title="Ancient Greek units of measurement">stadia</a>) from the mainland of Sicily. It was joined to the mainland in ancient times by a <a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">causeway</a>, over which <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariots</a> with large wheels could reach the town.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The confined space on which the city was built agrees with the description of Diodorus that the houses were lofty and of solid construction, with narrow streets (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">στενωποί</span></span>) between them, which facilitated the desperate defence of the inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the walls, with those of two gateways, can be seen whose circuit is about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi). </p><p>The island of Motya is owned and operated by the Whitaker Foundation (Palermo), known for <a href="/wiki/Marsala_wine" title="Marsala wine">Marsala wines</a>. The museum has artifacts that display <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinthian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punic" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic">Punic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Hellenic</a> influences. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tophet" title="Tophet">Tophet</a>, a type of cemetery for the cremated remains of children, possibly (but not entirely proven) as sacrifice to <a href="/wiki/Tanit" title="Tanit">Tanit</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ba%CA%BFal_Hammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Baʿal Hammon">Baʿal Hammon</a> is exposed. Many of the ancient residences are open to the public. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phoenician_Period">Phoenician Period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phoenician Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The foundation of the settlement dates from around 800 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-Nigro2022_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nigro2022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about a century after the foundation of Carthage in Tunisia. Like Carthage, it was originally a <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> colony, who were fond of choosing similar sites, and probably was originally merely a commercial station or emporium, but gradually rose to be a flourishing and important town.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Phoenicians <a href="/wiki/Terraforming" title="Terraforming">transformed</a> the inhospitable island into one of the most affluent cities of its time, naturally defended by the <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoon</a>. </p><p>By 650 BC the settlement had grown into a busy port-city with maritime trade extending to the central and western Mediterranean. This prosperity caused rivalry with powerful Carthage nearby on the North African coast, despite their ancient common ancestry. This led to Carthage defeating and demolishing Motya in the mid-sixth century BC. Motya recovered and the population quickly rebuilt the city on a monumental scale and, after two centuries without them, built the first defensive walls, some of the earliest in the central Mediterranean.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Motya is first mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus of Miletus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a> notes it among the chief colonies of the Phoenicians in Sicily at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenian</a> expedition in 415 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few years later (409 BC) when the Carthaginian army under general <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Mago" title="Hannibal Mago">Hannibal Mago</a> landed at the promontory of <a href="/wiki/Lilybaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilybaeum">Lilybaeum</a>, he laid up his fleet for security in the gulf around Motya, while he advanced with his land forces along the coast to attack <a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the fall of the latter city, we are told that <a href="/wiki/Hermocrates" title="Hermocrates">Hermocrates</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracusan</a> exile, who had established himself on its ruins, laid waste the territories of Motya and Panormus. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the second expedition of the Carthaginians under <a href="/wiki/Hamilcar" title="Hamilcar">Hamilcar</a> (407 BC), these two harbours became the permanent stations of the Carthaginian fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carthaginian_Period">Carthaginian Period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Carthaginian Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In common with the other Phoenician settlements in Sicily, it passed under the government or dependency of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a>, since Diodorus calls it a Carthaginian colony, but this may not be strictly correct.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the Greek colonies in Sicily increased in numbers and importance, the Carthaginians gradually abandoned their settlements in the east and concentrated themselves in the three principal colonies of <a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Soluntum</a>, Panormus (modern <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>), and Motya.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motya became one of the chief Carthaginian strongholds, as well as one of their most important commercial cities in Sicily due to its proximity to Carthage and its opportune situation for communication with <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, as well as the natural strength of its position.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozia_Kothon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Mozia_Kothon.jpg/300px-Mozia_Kothon.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Mozia_Kothon.jpg/450px-Mozia_Kothon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Mozia_Kothon.jpg/600px-Mozia_Kothon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Kothon of Motya</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siege_of_Motya">Siege of Motya</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Siege of Motya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Motya" title="Siege of Motya">Siege of Motya</a></div> <p>The important status of Motya led <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I_of_Syracuse" title="Dionysius I of Syracuse">Dionysius I of Syracuse</a> in 398 BC to invade Carthaginian territory in Sicily. The Motyans, supported by Carthage, made preparations for vigorous resistance and, by cutting off the causeway which linked them to the mainland, compelled Dionysius to repair it or build a new causeway. When the military engines of Dionysius (among which the formidable <a href="/wiki/Catapult" title="Catapult">catapult</a> made its appearance for the first time) were brought up to the walls, the Motyans continued a desperate resistance and after the walls and towers were breached by the overwhelming forces of the enemy, they still defended from street to street and from house to house. Their struggle only increased the hatred of the Sicilian Greeks for the Carthaginians and when the troops of Dionysius were victorious, they put the whole population, men, women, and children, to the sword.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dionysus garrisoned it under an officer named Biton, while his brother <a href="/wiki/Leptines_of_Syracuse" title="Leptines of Syracuse">Leptines of Syracuse</a> made it the base of his fleet. But the next spring (396 BC) <a href="/wiki/Himilco_(general)" title="Himilco (general)">Himilcon</a>, the Carthaginian general, having landed at Panormus with a large force, recovered possession of Motya with comparatively little difficulty.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motya was not destined to recover its former importance for Himilcon was struck with the superior advantages of the promontory of Lilybaeum and founded a new city there to which he transferred the few remaining inhabitants of Motya.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_and_Roman_Periods">Greek and Roman Periods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Greek and Roman Periods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From this period Motya disappears from documented history. Although we have no account of Motya having received any Greek population or having fallen into the hands of the Greeks before its conquest by Dionysius, there exist coins of the city with the Greek legend "ΜΟΤΥΑΙΟΝ". They are, however, of great rarity and imitated those of the neighbouring city of <a href="/wiki/Segesta" title="Segesta">Segesta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeology has shown (e.g. the House of the mosaics) that it continued to be inhabited, including by wealthy Greeks.<sup id="cite_ref-Nigro2022_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nigro2022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006 archaeological digs uncovered a house built against the town's walls, the finds from which have shown that the town had a "thriving population long after it is commonly believed to have been destroyed by the Ancient Greeks." Discovered items include cooking pans, Phoenician-style vases, altars, and looms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Basilian monks settled on the island and renamed it San Pantaleo, and in 1888 it was rediscovered by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Whitaker_(ornithologist)" title="Joseph Whitaker (ornithologist)">Joseph Whitaker</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motya_Charioteer">Motya Charioteer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Motya Charioteer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Motya_Charioteer" title="Motya Charioteer">Motya Charioteer</a></div> <p>The <b>Motya Charioteer</b> sculpture found in 1979 is on display at the Giuseppe Whitaker museum. It is a rare example of a victor of a chariot race who must have been very wealthy in order to commission such a work. It was found built into Phoenician fortifications which were quickly erected before Dionysios I of Syracuse invaded and sacked Motya in 397 BC. </p><p>Its superb quality implies that it was made by a leading Greek artist in the period following their defeat of the Persians, but its style is unlike any other of this period. It is believed it must have been looted from a Greek city conquered by Carthage in 409-405 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_earliest_settlement">The earliest settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The earliest settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recent archaeology carrìed out by La Sapienza Universìty in the area of the "Kothon" found the earlìest occupation of the Phoenician settlement dating from the second quarter of the 8th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It started at the anchorage identified on the southern shore of the island, and grew around the nearby springs, where the earliest sacred area was erected (Temple C5). This area initiated rapid growth of the town and houses spread over the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis" title="Acropolis">acropolis</a> (which had already hosted a huge prehìstoric village). Three main centres soon became established: </p> <ul><li>the southern housing quarter with public buildings (Building C8 and Temple C5)</li> <li>the acropolìs</li> <li>the northern quarter with docks and industrial areas linked to the Sicilian coast opposite.</li></ul> <p>At Ieast two thirds of the ìsland were still left free for agriculture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Kothon">The Kothon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Kothon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isola_di_Mozia_(Mothia).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Isola_di_Mozia_%28Mothia%29.png/300px-Isola_di_Mozia_%28Mothia%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Isola_di_Mozia_%28Mothia%29.png/450px-Isola_di_Mozia_%28Mothia%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Isola_di_Mozia_%28Mothia%29.png/600px-Isola_di_Mozia_%28Mothia%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="1856" /></a><figcaption>Kothon and Temenos aerial view</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozia-halbrunde-umfassungsmauer.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mozia-halbrunde-umfassungsmauer.JPG/300px-Mozia-halbrunde-umfassungsmauer.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mozia-halbrunde-umfassungsmauer.JPG/450px-Mozia-halbrunde-umfassungsmauer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mozia-halbrunde-umfassungsmauer.JPG/600px-Mozia-halbrunde-umfassungsmauer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2133" /></a><figcaption>Temenos circular perimeter wall</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Cothon" title="Cothon">cothon</a>, as it usually spelled in English, is a typical feature of Phoenician ports. The cothon at Motya is an artificial lake on an otherwise very dry island that had long puzzled archaeologists since the first excavations by Joseph Whitaker in 1906/07. The lake was fed by the only fresh water spring on the island and enclosed with a rectangular, 52.5 m × 35.7 m (172 ft 3 in × 117 ft 2 in), perimeter wall of carved limestone blocks with a drain towards the sea. The basin, which was slightly bigger than an Olympic-sized swimming pool, was carved into the rock with a maximum depth of 2.5 metres (8 ft). </p><p>Although thought at one time to be a harbour, in ancient times sea level was about 1 metre (3 ft) lower than today (which is also shown by the depth the causeway to the island) and entry of large ships into the basin would have been impossible. </p><p>Instead it is the largest known sacred pool in the ancient Mediterranean world and the area all around the Kothon, the <i><a href="/wiki/Temenos" title="Temenos">Temenos</a></i> or temple area, was also sacred and was enclosed by a semicircular wall which has been exposed.<sup id="cite_ref-Nigro2022_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nigro2022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Next to the Kothon are three temples, the Temple of Baal, the Temple of Astarte and the "sanctuary of the Holy Waters".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temples of Baʿal and Astarte date to the first Phoenician settlement 800–750 BC. At this time, the site of the later Kothon was a natural spring-fed pool with a block-lined side. </p><p>The Kothon was rebuilt as a monumental pool with the rest of the city between 550-520 BC after the destruction of the city by the Carthaginians. The Kothon had a platform in the centre as a base for a statue of the Phoenician god Baʿal. </p><p>Only after the destruction of the city in 397/6 BC was a section of the nearby city wall dismantled and a small channel opened in the Kothon wall towards the sea. In the later Roman period (2nd to 4th c. AD) it was used for fish farming and the production of salt.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_walls">City walls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: City walls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walls_of_Motya_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Walls_of_Motya_1.jpg/220px-Walls_of_Motya_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Walls_of_Motya_1.jpg/330px-Walls_of_Motya_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Walls_of_Motya_1.jpg/440px-Walls_of_Motya_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>Walls of Motya 1</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_gate_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/North_gate_1.jpg/220px-North_gate_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/North_gate_1.jpg/330px-North_gate_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/North_gate_1.jpg/440px-North_gate_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>North gate</figcaption></figure> <p>The city walls originally enclosed the entire island and are best preserved along the east coast. </p><p>In 1874 the area of the North Gate was discovered where a large sculpture ornamented the double-arch passage. The city walls were revealed further by G. Whitaker at the beginnìng of the last century. Their systematic exploration started in the 1960s by the Brltish Expeditlon who focused on the North and South Gates. From 1974 to 1992 La Sapienza University of Rome carried out yearly campaigns on walls, especially along the eastern and northern shores. Four major constructlonal phases were identified. They resumed excavation in 2002 with the identification of the West Gate and the excavation of the western fortress. Since 2015 archaeology was resumed on the walls between the East Tower and the North Gate. </p><p>The 4 phases are:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Phase 1 (550–520 BC): the main wall had a width of about 1 metre (3 ft), with rectangular towers at regular intervals (21–23 metres, 69–75 ft) along the perimeter and can be admired on the northern and eastern sides of the island. The foundation was of irregular ashlars of medium size, forming a double curtain on outer and inner faces with mud mortar, and an inner fill. The upper layers used greyish mudbricks.</li> <li>Phase 2 (520–480 BC): the main wall was built on a new foundation 1.5 metres (5 ft) high of big limestone blocks. The upper layers used reddish-brown mudbricks plastered with lime. The North Gate is protected by adding two projecting towers.</li> <li>Phase 3 (480–450 BC): the wall is further reinforced by adding protruding rectangular towers along the perimeter with side staircases of carefully-cut local sandstone slabs, possibly due to a change in tactics.</li> <li>Phase 4 (450–397 BC): the wall reaches the maximum width of 5.2 metres (17 ft) with the addition of a base made of big limestone splinters and an ashlar masonry revetment in some places. The wall base is preserved at some places at a height of more than 5m including part of the mudbrick superstructure. All around the wall at the changes of orientation, huge square protruding towers (12 by 12 metres, 39 ft × 39 ft) (Eastern Tower, South Tower, Western Fortress) were built overlooking the walls in addition to the existing bastions.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_mosaics">House of mosaics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: House of mosaics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_the_mosaics.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/House_of_the_mosaics.jpg/300px-House_of_the_mosaics.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/House_of_the_mosaics.jpg/450px-House_of_the_mosaics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/House_of_the_mosaics.jpg/600px-House_of_the_mosaics.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>House of the mosaics</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Mosaics_Motya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/House_of_Mosaics_Motya.jpg/300px-House_of_Mosaics_Motya.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/House_of_Mosaics_Motya.jpg/450px-House_of_Mosaics_Motya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/House_of_Mosaics_Motya.jpg/600px-House_of_Mosaics_Motya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1393" data-file-height="845" /></a><figcaption>House of Mosaics Plan</figcaption></figure> <p>This house is built on two levels against the city walls on the seashore, suggesting the walls were no longer in use and in ruins. On the upper level is a courtyard with a <a href="/wiki/Peristyle" title="Peristyle">peristyle</a> paved with a pebble mosaic which is the only example of its type in Sicily. It resembles a panelled carpet with a complex geometric border and with the panels containing depictions of hunting wild animals (a lion attacking a bull, a bird of prey, a deer). Its format dates it from similar ones in mainland Greece and its colonies to the 3rd century BC. The peristyle has residential rooms around it. </p><p>On the lower level in the southwestern part of the house are 6 service rooms with three large <a href="/wiki/Pithoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pithoi">pithoi</a> (food storage vessels). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 399 BC <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Motya" title="Siege of Motya">Battle of Motya</a>, part of the war of <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Syracuse, Italy">Syracuse</a>'s tyrant <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I_of_Syracuse" title="Dionysius I of Syracuse">Dionysios I</a> against <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a> is a major event in the 1965 <a href="/wiki/Historical_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical novel">historical novel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Arrows_of_Hercules" title="The Arrows of Hercules">The Arrows of Hercules</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/L._Sprague_de_Camp" title="L. Sprague de Camp">L. Sprague de Camp</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Motya: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sitiarcheologiciditalia.it/en/motya/">https://www.sitiarcheologiciditalia.it/en/motya/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBell1995" class="citation journal cs1">Bell, Malcolm (1995). "The Motya Charioteer and Pindar's "Isthmian 2"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome</i>. <b>40</b>: 1–42. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4238727">4238727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+American+Academy+in+Rome&rft.atitle=The+Motya+Charioteer+and+Pindar%27s+%22Isthmian+2%22&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=1-42&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4238727%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161027050035/https://blog.britishmuseum.org/2012/08/24/the-most-tantalising-sculpture-in-the-entire-world/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'the most tantalising sculpture in the entire world'.... | British Museum blog"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.britishmuseum.org/2012/08/24/the-most-tantalising-sculpture-in-the-entire-world/">the original</a> on 2016-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27the+most+tantalising+sculpture+in+the+entire+world%27....+%26%23124%3B+British+Museum+blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.britishmuseum.org%2F2012%2F08%2F24%2Fthe-most-tantalising-sculpture-in-the-entire-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/museum/motya-museum-whitaker/">"Motya, Museum Whitaker - Livius"</a>. <i>www.livius.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.livius.org&rft.atitle=Motya%2C+Museum+Whitaker+-+Livius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Fmuseum%2Fmotya-museum-whitaker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911877-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911877_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHead_&_al.1911">Head & al. (1911)</a>, p. 877.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/sicily/motya/t.html">"Sicily, Motya, ancient coins index with thumbnails - WildWinds.com"</a>. <i>www.wildwinds.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wildwinds.com&rft.atitle=Sicily%2C+Motya%2C+ancient+coins+index+with+thumbnails+-+WildWinds.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wildwinds.com%2Fcoins%2Fgreece%2Fsicily%2Fmotya%2Ft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuss1985[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidNvEK7kc3qnQCpgPA571_571]-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuss1985[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidNvEK7kc3qnQCpgPA571_571]_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHuss1985">Huss (1985)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com./books?id=NvEK7kc3qnQC&pg=PA571">571</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Byzantium" title="Stephanus of Byzantium">Stephanus of Byzantium</a> <i>s. v.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> xiv. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diod. xiv. 48, 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nigro2022-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nigro2022_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nigro2022_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nigro2022_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNigro2022" class="citation journal cs1">Nigro, Lorenzo (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15184%2Faqy.2022.8">"The sacred pool of Baʿal: a reinterpretation of the "Kothon" at Motya"</a>. <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>96</b> (386): 354–371. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15184%2Faqy.2022.8">10.15184/aqy.2022.8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11573%2F1625316">11573/1625316</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=The+sacred+pool+of+Ba%CA%BFal%3A+a+reinterpretation+of+the+%22Kothon%22+at+Motya&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=386&rft.pages=354-371&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11573%2F1625316&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15184%2Faqy.2022.8&rft.aulast=Nigro&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.15184%252Faqy.2022.8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Quinn. Were there Phoenicians? Ancient Near East Today. Vol. VI, July 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nigro, L. 2019d. Mozia, scavi alle mura (2014–2019). Analysis Archaeologica 5: 21–42 & 298–303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>ap.</i> <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Byzantium" title="Stephanus of Byzantium">Stephanus of Byzantium</a> <i>s. v.</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thuc. vi. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diod. xiii. 54, 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Id.</i> xiii. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Id.</i> xiii. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diod. xiv. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thuc. <i>l. c.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diod. xiv. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diod. xiv. 47-53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ibid.</i> 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diod. xxii. 10. p. 498.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eckhel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eckhel">Eckhel</a>, vol. i. p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lorenzo Nigro & Federica Spagnoli, The earliest Phoenician settlement of the 8th century BC and the creation of a West Phoenician cultural identity, excavations of Sapienza University of Rome – 2012-2016. Quaderni di archeologia fenicio-punica/CM 04 ROME 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nigro, Lorenzo. (2019). Rome "La Sapienza" Excavations at Motya 2007-2009: the Temple of the Kothon, the Circular Temenos, and Astarte's Shrine, Conference: La Vie, la Mort et la Religion dans l'Univers Phénicien et Punique. Actas du VIIéme congress international des études pheniciennes et puniques. Hammamet, 9-14 november 2009 Volume: VOL. III</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mozia tra IV e III sec. a.C. Nuovi dati dagli scavi della Sapienza, S. Tusa & C. Buccellato (ed.) La battaglia delle Egadi: atti del convegno (20–21 novembre 2015): 15–25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nigro, L. 2019d. Mozia, scavi alle mura (2014–2019). Analysis Archaeologica 5: 21–42 & 298–303</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1854–1857" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, ed. (1854–1857). "MO´TYA". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Geography" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography</a></i>. London: John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MO%C2%B4TYA&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1854%2F1857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHead_&_al.1911" class="citation cs2">Head, Barclay; et al. (1911), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snible.org/coins/hn/zeugitana.html">"Zeugitana"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snible.org/coins/hn/index.html"><i>Historia Numorum</i></a> (2nd ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 877–882</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zeugitana&rft.btitle=Historia+Numorum&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=877-882&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Head&rft.aufirst=Barclay&rft.au=G.F.+Hill&rft.au=George+MacDonald&rft.au=W.+Wroth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnible.org%2Fcoins%2Fhn%2Fzeugitana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotya" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuss1985" class="citation cs2">Huss, Werner (1985), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NvEK7kc3qnQC"><i>Geschichte der Karthager</i></a>, Munich: C.H. Beck, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783406306549" title="Special:BookSources/9783406306549"><bdi>9783406306549</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+Karthager&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9783406306549&rft.aulast=Huss&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNvEK7kc3qnQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotya" class="Z3988"></span>. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motya&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="http://www.lasapienzamozia.it/">Archaeological expedition to Motya</a>, by Sapienza University of Rome</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/mo-mt/motya/motya1.html">Livius Picture Archive</a>, including maps of the island and the lagoon</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/35_Motya.html">Picture archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.facebook.com/lasapienzamozia">https://www.facebook.com/lasapienzamozia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archaeological_sites_in_Sicily" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archaeological_sites_in_Sicily" title="Template:Archaeological sites in Sicily"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archaeological_sites_in_Sicily" title="Template talk:Archaeological sites in Sicily"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological_sites_in_Sicily" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeological sites in Sicily"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archaeological_sites_in_Sicily" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Archaeological sites in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Agrigento" title="Province of Agrigento">Province of Agrigento</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Akragas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valle_dei_Templi" title="Valle dei Templi">Valle dei Templi</a> - <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Concordia,_Agrigento" title="Temple of Concordia, Agrigento">Temple of Concordia</a> - <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heracles,_Agrigento" title="Temple of Heracles, Agrigento">Temple of Heracles</a> - <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Juno,_Agrigento" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Juno, Agrigento">Temple of Juno</a> - <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus,_Agrigento" title="Temple of Olympian Zeus, Agrigento">Temple of Olympian Zeus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_Concordia,_Agrigento.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg/100px-Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg/150px-Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg/200px-Temple_of_Concordia%2C_Agrigento.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3714" data-file-height="2512" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg/100px-Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg/150px-Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg/200px-Selinunte_Panoramic_View_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5654" data-file-height="2026" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Segesta-Theater01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Segesta-Theater01.JPG/100px-Segesta-Theater01.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Segesta-Theater01.JPG/150px-Segesta-Theater01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Segesta-Theater01.JPG/200px-Segesta-Theater01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Caltanissetta" title="Province of Caltanissetta">Province of Caltanissetta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosco_Littorio" title="Bosco Littorio">Bosco Littorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_baths_of_Gela" title="Greek baths of Gela">Greek baths of Gela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibil_Gabib" title="Gibil Gabib">Gibil Gabib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Bubbonia" title="Monte Bubbonia">Monte Bubbonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polizzello_archaeological_site" title="Polizzello archaeological site">Polizzello archaeological site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabucina" title="Sabucina">Sabucina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassallaggi" title="Vassallaggi">Vassallaggi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Catania" title="Province of Catania">Province of Catania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aetna_(city)" title="Aetna (city)">Aetna (city)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Katáne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palike" title="Palike">Palike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Ippolito_(hill)" title="Sant'Ippolito (hill)">Sant'Ippolito (Caltagirone)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Enna" title="Province of Enna">Province of Enna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centuripe" title="Centuripe">Centuripe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgantina" title="Morgantina">Morgantina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale" title="Villa Romana del Casale">Villa Romana del Casale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Messina" title="Province of Messina">Province of Messina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abacaenum" title="Abacaenum">Abacaenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halaesa" title="Halaesa">Halaesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos_(Sicily)" title="Naxos (Sicily)">Naxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_theatre_of_Taormina" title="Ancient theatre of Taormina">Ancient theatre of Taormina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindari" title="Tindari">Tindari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_di_Patti" title="Villa Romana di Patti">Villa Romana di Patti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palermo" title="Province of Palermo">Province of Palermo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entella" title="Entella">Entella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotta_dell%27Addaura" title="Grotta dell'Addaura">Grotta dell'Addaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippana" title="Hippana">Hippana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ietas" title="Ietas">Ietas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himera" title="Himera">Himera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirama_(Sicily)" title="Pirama (Sicily)">Pirama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Soluntum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ragusa" title="Province of Ragusa">Province of Ragusa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrillai" title="Akrillai">Akrillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Heraea" title="Hybla Heraea">Hybla Heraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily" title="Kamarina, Sicily">Kamarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukana" title="Kaukana">Kaukana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Syracuse" title="Province of Syracuse">Province of Syracuse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrai" title="Akrai">Akrai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santoni" title="Santoni">Santoni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casmenae" title="Casmenae">Casmenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cava_del_Rivettazzo" title="Cava del Rivettazzo">Cava del Rivettazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_di_San_Basilio" title="Colonne di San Basilio">Colonne di San Basilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helorus" title="Helorus">Helorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netum" title="Netum">Netum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara_Hyblaea" title="Megara Hyblaea">Megara Hyblaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrakousai" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrakousai">Syrakousai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_amphitheatre_of_Syracuse" title="Roman amphitheatre of Syracuse">Roman amphitheatre of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_of_Hieron" title="Altar of Hieron">Altar of Hieron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_of_Dionysius" title="Ear of Dionysius">Ear of Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galermi_Aqueduct" title="Galermi Aqueduct">Galermi Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Theatre_of_Syracuse" title="Greek Theatre of Syracuse">Greek Theatre of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotta_del_Ninfeo" title="Grotta del Ninfeo">Grotta del Ninfeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_(Syracuse)" title="Temple of Athena (Syracuse)">Temple of Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_(Syracuse)" title="Temple of Apollo (Syracuse)">Temple of Apollo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necropolis_of_Cassibile" title="Necropolis of Cassibile">Necropolis of Cassibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necropolis_of_Pantalica" title="Necropolis of Pantalica">Necropolis of Pantalica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thapsos" title="Thapsos">Thapsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Tellaro" title="Villa Romana del Tellaro">Villa Romana del Tellaro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Trapani" title="Province of Trapani">Province of Trapani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a>/<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drepanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Drepanum">Drepanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halyciae" title="Halyciae">Halyciae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levanzo" title="Levanzo">Grotta del Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Polizzo" title="Monte Polizzo">Monte Polizzo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Motya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segesta" title="Segesta">Segesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_C_(Selinus)" title="Temple C (Selinus)">Temple C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_E_(Selinus)" title="Temple E (Selinus)">Temple E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_F_(Selinus)" title="Temple F (Selinus)">Temple F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_di_Cusa" title="Cave di Cusa">Cave di Cusa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_furnaces_in_Alcamo" title="Roman furnaces in Alcamo">Roman furnaces in Alcamo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template talk:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Hippos ship"><img alt="Phoenician Hippos ship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/20px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/30px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/40px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="525" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Phoenician_cities" title="List of Phoenician cities">Phoenician cities and colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Camarata_(Mauretania)" title="Camarata (Mauretania)">Camarata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartennae" title="Cartennae">Cartennae</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9n%C3%A8s" title="Ténès">Tenes</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hippo_Regius" title="Hippo Regius">Hippo Regius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icosium" title="Icosium">Icosium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igilgili" title="Igilgili">Igilgili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Iol (Cherchell)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iomnium" title="Iomnium">Iomnium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tigzirt" title="Tigzirt">Tigzirt</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cirta" title="Cirta">Cirta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Djinet" title="Djinet">Kissi (Djinet)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macomades" title="Macomades">Macomades</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calama_(Numidia)" title="Calama (Numidia)">Malaca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rachgoun" title="Rachgoun">Rachgoun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusazus" title="Rusazus">Rusazus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azeffoun" title="Azeffoun">Azeffoun</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Rusguniae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Tamentfoust</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skikda" title="Skikda">Rusicade (Skikda)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusippisir" title="Rusippisir">Rusippisir (Taksebt)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusubbicari" title="Rusubbicari">Rusubbicari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zemmouri" title="Zemmouri">Zemmouri</a> El Bahri)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dellys" title="Dellys">Rusuccuru (Dellys)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zara%C3%AF" title="Zaraï">Sarai</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Oulmene" title="Aïn Oulmene">Aïn Oulmene</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thagora" title="Thagora">Thagora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taoura" title="Taoura">Taoura</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Mauretania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipasa in Mauretania">Tipasa in Mauretania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Numidia" title="Tipasa in Numidia">Tipasa in Numidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timici" title="Timici">Timici</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dali,_Cyprus" title="Dali, Cyprus">Dhali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lapathus_(Cyprus)" title="Lapathus (Cyprus)">Lapathus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus" title="Marion, Cyprus">Marion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Callista (Santorini)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxi">Paxi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achzib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Akka (Acre)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dor" title="Tel Dor">Dora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Michal" title="Tel Michal">Michal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia-Arsuf">Reshef</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Shikmona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Strato's Tower (Caesarea)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bithia,_Italy" title="Bithia, Italy">Bitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cape Melqart (Cefalù)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drepana" title="Drepana">Drepanum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Kapara (Soluntum)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cagliari" title="History of Cagliari">Karaly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Lilybaeum</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Motya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neapolis,_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolis, Sardinia">Neapolis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nora,_Italy" title="Nora, Italy">Nora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olbia" title="Olbia">Olbia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sulci" title="Sulci">Sulci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antioco" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Ṣiṣ (Palermo)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Ampi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Athar (Tripoli)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Birut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Botrys (Teros)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal (Byblos)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Burak" title="Tell el-Burak">Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh"> Porphyreon (Jieh)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Sur (Tyre)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushu" title="Ushu">Ushu (Palaetyrus)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Amad,_Lebanon" title="Umm al-Amad, Lebanon">Umm al-Amad</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oea" title="Oea">Oyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Tsabratan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Maleth (<a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">Ann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gaulos (Gozo)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C4%A7ajn_Qajjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Għajn Qajjet (page does not exist)">Għajn Qajjet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mtarfa" title="Mtarfa">Mtarfa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ras_il-Wardija" title="Ras il-Wardija">Ras il-Wardija</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Tas-Silġ">Tas-Silġ</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azama (Azemmour)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Arambys (Mogador)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caricus_Murus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caricus Murus (page does not exist)">Caricus Murus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lixus_(ancient_city)" title="Lixus (ancient city)">Likush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Shalat (Chellah)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamusida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamusida">Tamusida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tingis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingis">Tinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anfa" title="Anfa">Anfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mogador_Island" title="Mogador Island">Mogador</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oualidia" title="Oualidia">Oualidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iulia_Constantia_Zilil" title="Iulia Constantia Zilil">Zilil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Gadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Sala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterium" title="Thymiaterium">Thymiaterium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Rusibis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portus Hannibalis</a></dd> <dd>Portus Magonis (Portimão)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Olissipona (Lisbon)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Ossonoba (Faro)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(Roman_town)" title="Balsa (Roman town)">Balsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Spain" title="Abdera, Spain">Abdera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adra,_Spain" title="Adra, Spain">Adra</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abyla" title="Abyla">Abyla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Gadir (Cadiz)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guardamar_del_Segura" title="Guardamar del Segura">Herna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sa_Caleta_Phoenician_Settlement" title="Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement">Iboshim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%B3n" title="Mahón">Mahón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="History of Málaga">Malake</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Onoba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Carthage (Cartagena)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rushadir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saguntum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saguntum">Saguntum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sexi_(Phoenician_colony)" title="Sexi (Phoenician colony)">Sexi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Almunecar" class="mw-redirect" title="Almunecar">Almunecar</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADjola" title="Tíjola">Tagilit (Tíjola)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Los_Toscanos" title="Los Toscanos">Toscanos</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Velez</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peniscola" title="Peniscola">Tyreche</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit">Marat (Amrit)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baniyas" title="Baniyas">Balanaea (Baniyas)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carne,_Phoenicia" title="Carne, Phoenicia">Carne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paltus" title="Paltus">Paltus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Safita" title="Safita">Safita</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sukas" title="Tell Sukas">Shuksi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kazel" title="Tell Kazel">Sumur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kelibia" title="Kelibia">Aspis (Kelibia)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Regia" title="Bulla Regia">Bulla Regia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hadrumetum" title="Hadrumetum">Hadrumetum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerkouane" title="Kerkouane">Kerkouane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Parva" title="Leptis Parva">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maqom_Hadesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqom Hadesh">Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meninx_(town)" title="Meninx (town)">Meninx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspe" title="Ruspe">Ruspe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspina" title="Ruspina">Ruspina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Kef" title="El Kef">Sicca (El Kef)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thenae" title="Thenae">Tayinat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyna" title="Thyna">Thyna</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thysdrus" title="Thysdrus">Thysdrus</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Djem" title="El Djem">El Djem</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Myriandus" title="Myriandus">Myriandus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Phoenicus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tahpanhes" title="Tahpanhes">Tahpanhes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q962184#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q962184#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q962184#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315169928">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4102243-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548311505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/462373">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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