CINXE.COM

Welcome to the International Dunhuang Programme

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PJT6BPK4');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="description" content="IDP"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/apple-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/apple-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/apple-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/apple-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/apple-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/apple-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/apple-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/apple-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/apple-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/android-icon-192x192.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="32x32" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/favicon-32x32.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="96x96" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/favicon-96x96.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="16x16" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/favicon-16x16.ico"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/ms-icon-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <title>Welcome to the International Dunhuang Programme</title> <meta name="dc.title" content="Welcome to the International Dunhuang Programme"> <meta name="dc.description" content="The International Dunhuang Programme is a collaboration of cultural institutions dedicated to preserving and promoting the history and archaeology of the Silk Roads."> <meta name="dc.relation" content="https://idp.bl.uk/"> <meta name="dc.source" content="https://idp.bl.uk/"> <meta name="dc.language" content="en_GB"> <meta name="description" content="The International Dunhuang Programme is a collaboration of cultural institutions dedicated to preserving and promoting the history and archaeology of the Silk Roads."> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noimageindex, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://idp.bl.uk/"> <script id="website-schema" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebSite","name":"International Dunhuang Programme","alternateName":"IDP","description":"IDP","url":"https:\/\/idp.bl.uk","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/idp.bl.uk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}</script> <meta property="og:url" content="https://idp.bl.uk/"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="International Dunhuang Programme"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:title" content="Welcome to the International Dunhuang Programme"> <meta property="og:description" content="The International Dunhuang Programme, formerly the International Dunhuang Project, provides access to images, information and learning resources about manuscripts, printed materials and other items from sites of the Eastern Silk Roads through its online platform. We currently link the collections of over 35 partner institutions worldwide. The IDP also regularly organises and supports academic events, professional exchanges and cultural activities related to this region. These are aimed at users of all ages for their research, inspiration and enjoyment."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/299354614_394778676134732_2720024212627917026_n.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/299354614_394778676134732_2720024212627917026_n.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="851"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="315"> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Collage of multiple objects from IDP"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="https://twitter.com/idp_uk"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="https://twitter.com/idp_uk"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Welcome to the International Dunhuang Programme"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The International Dunhuang Programme, formerly the International Dunhuang Project, provides access to images, information and learning resources about manuscripts, printed materials and other items from sites of the Eastern Silk Roads through its online platform. We currently link the collections of over 35 partner institutions worldwide. The IDP also regularly organises and supports academic events, professional exchanges and cultural activities related to this region. These are aimed at users of all ages for their research, inspiration and enjoyment."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/299354614_394778676134732_2720024212627917026_n.jpg"> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.typekit.net' /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"International Dunhuang Programme","url":"https:\/\/idp.bl.uk","alternateName":"IDP","description":"International Dunhuang Programme","logo":"https:\/\/idp.bl.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/IDP-logo-scaled.jpg","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100068078083031","https:\/\/twitter.com\/https:\/\/twitter.com\/idp_uk","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC9yu5KAXeFPV4SqgWBXo-cQ"],"contactPoint":[{"@type":"ContactPoint","contactType":"customer support"}]}</script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://idp.bl.uk/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=8f1ff0f1e52e54dd3268a4e63bd78886' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='collection-blocks-collection-block-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block.collection-block-view.aligncenter .row{justify-content:center}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block.collection-block-view.alignleft .row{justify-content:flex-start}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block.collection-block-view.alignright .row{justify-content:flex-end}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block.collection-block-view .collection-block-item .collectionitem__content{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;padding:.5em 0}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block.collection-block-view .collection-block-item .collectionitem__content .collectionitem__col{padding-right:1em}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block.collection-block-view .collection-block-item .collectionitem__content .collectionitem__col:last-of-type{padding-right:0}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block a,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block a:hover{text-decoration:none!important}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .sr-only{left:-999999px!important;position:absolute!important}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem h2{margin:0 0 10px}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem p{margin:0}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem{background:#f4f4f4;display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:0 15px 30px;transition:all 0s;width:calc(100% - 30px)}.wp-block-column .wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:first-of-type:last-of-type{max-width:100%;width:100%}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem .search-highlight{background-color:rgba(255,255,0,.341)}@media(min-width:576px){.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem{width:clamp(250px,50% - 30px,100%)}}@media(min-width:992px){.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem{max-width:calc(100% - 30px)}}@media(min-width:1200px){.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem{max-width:calc(100% - 30px);width:clamp(250px,33.333333% - 30px,100% - 30px)}}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__image{background:#fff;height:180px}@media(min-width:992px){.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__image{height:220px}}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__image img{height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:100%}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__image img[alt="temporary placeholder image"]{border:3px solid #ccc;opacity:.3}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__content{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:25px 30px;transition:all .3s}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__col a,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__col h1,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__col h2,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__col h3,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__col h4,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__col h5,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__col h6,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__col p,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__col span{word-wrap:break-word;color:#000;font-size:clamp(14px,.7679rem + .4762vw,20px);transition:all .3s}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__col p:first-letter{text-transform:capitalize}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__col:first-child p{font-weight:700}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__ref{color:#000;margin:0 0 15px;transition:all .3s}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__title{color:#000;font-family:joanna-sans-nova,sans-serif;font-size:rem(18);font-weight:700;margin:0 0 15px;transition:all .3s}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__title h2:first-letter{text-transform:capitalize}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem__cat{color:#000;transition:all .3s}@media(min-width:1200px){.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem--horizon{flex-direction:row;width:100%}}@media(min-width:1200px)and (min-width:576px){.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem--horizon{max-width:100%}}@media(min-width:1200px)and (min-width:768px){.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem--horizon{max-width:100%}}@media(min-width:1200px){.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem--horizon .collectionitem__image{height:140px;width:220px}}@media(min-width:1200px)and (min-width:1200px){.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem--horizon .collectionitem__image{min-height:100%}}@media(min-width:1200px){.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem--horizon .collectionitem__content{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:space-between;width:calc(100% - 220px)}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem--horizon .collectionitem__col{flex-basis:20%;flex-grow:1;margin:0 0 10px;padding-right:15px}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem--horizon .collectionitem__col-title{flex-basis:auto;flex-grow:3;flex-shrink:3}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem--horizon .collectionitem__col-material{flex-basis:25%}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem--horizon .collectionitem__col-form{flex-basis:15%}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem--horizon .collectionitem__col:last-child{padding-right:0;text-align:right}}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:focus,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:hover{background:#1c5b44}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:focus .collectionitem__col a,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:focus .collectionitem__col h1,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:focus .collectionitem__col h2,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:focus .collectionitem__col h3,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:focus .collectionitem__col h4,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:focus .collectionitem__col h5,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:focus .collectionitem__col h6,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:focus .collectionitem__col p,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:focus .collectionitem__col span,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:hover .collectionitem__col a,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:hover .collectionitem__col h1,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:hover .collectionitem__col h2,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:hover .collectionitem__col h3,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:hover .collectionitem__col h4,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:hover .collectionitem__col h5,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:hover .collectionitem__col h6,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:hover .collectionitem__col p,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:hover .collectionitem__col span{color:#fff}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:focus .collectionitem__col span.search-highlight,.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .collectionitem:hover .collectionitem__col span.search-highlight{background-color:inherit;border-bottom:1px dotted #fff}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .searchpage__list{padding:0 15px}.wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block .searchpage__list .row{display:flex;margin:0 -15px}.wp-block-column .wp-block-collection-blocks-collection-block{margin:0 -15px}.mfp-bg{background:#0b0b0b;opacity:.8;overflow:hidden;z-index:1042}.mfp-bg,.mfp-wrap{height:100%;left:0;position:fixed;top:0;width:100%}.mfp-wrap{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;outline:none!important;z-index:1043}.mfp-container{box-sizing:border-box;height:100%;left:0;padding:0 8px;position:absolute;text-align:center;top:0;width:100%}.mfp-container:before{content:"";display:inline-block;height:100%;vertical-align:middle}.mfp-align-top .mfp-container:before{display:none}.mfp-content{display:inline-block;margin:0 auto;position:relative;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;z-index:1045}.mfp-ajax-holder .mfp-content,.mfp-inline-holder .mfp-content{cursor:auto;width:100%}.mfp-ajax-cur{cursor:progress}.mfp-zoom-out-cur,.mfp-zoom-out-cur .mfp-image-holder .mfp-close{cursor:zoom-out}.mfp-zoom{cursor:pointer;cursor:zoom-in}.mfp-auto-cursor .mfp-content{cursor:auto}.mfp-arrow,.mfp-close,.mfp-counter,.mfp-preloader{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none}.mfp-loading.mfp-figure{display:none}.mfp-hide{display:none!important}.mfp-preloader{color:#ccc;left:8px;margin-top:-.8em;position:absolute;right:8px;text-align:center;top:50%;width:auto;z-index:1044}.mfp-preloader a{color:#ccc}.mfp-preloader a:hover{color:#fff}.mfp-s-error .mfp-content,.mfp-s-ready .mfp-preloader{display:none}button.mfp-arrow,button.mfp-close{-webkit-appearance:none;background:transparent;border:0;box-shadow:none;cursor:pointer;display:block;outline:none;overflow:visible;padding:0;touch-action:manipulation;z-index:1046}button::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}.mfp-close{color:#fff;font-family:Arial,Baskerville,monospace;font-size:28px;font-style:normal;height:44px;line-height:44px;opacity:.65;padding:0 0 18px 10px;position:absolute;right:0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;top:0;width:44px}.mfp-close:focus,.mfp-close:hover{opacity:1}.mfp-close:active{top:1px}.mfp-close-btn-in .mfp-close{color:#333}.mfp-iframe-holder .mfp-close,.mfp-image-holder .mfp-close{color:#fff;padding-right:6px;right:-6px;text-align:right;width:100%}.mfp-counter{color:#ccc;font-size:12px;line-height:18px;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;white-space:nowrap}.mfp-arrow{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;height:110px;margin:-55px 0 0;opacity:.65;padding:0;position:absolute;top:50%;width:90px}.mfp-arrow:active{margin-top:-54px}.mfp-arrow:focus,.mfp-arrow:hover{opacity:1}.mfp-arrow:after,.mfp-arrow:before{border:inset transparent;content:"";display:block;height:0;left:0;margin-left:35px;margin-top:35px;position:absolute;top:0;width:0}.mfp-arrow:after{border-bottom-width:13px;border-top-width:13px;top:8px}.mfp-arrow:before{border-bottom-width:21px;border-top-width:21px;opacity:.7}.mfp-arrow-left{left:0}.mfp-arrow-left:after{border-right:17px solid #fff;margin-left:31px}.mfp-arrow-left:before{border-right:27px solid #3f3f3f;margin-left:25px}.mfp-arrow-right{right:0}.mfp-arrow-right:after{border-left:17px solid #fff;margin-left:39px}.mfp-arrow-right:before{border-left:27px solid #3f3f3f}.mfp-iframe-holder{padding-bottom:40px;padding-top:40px}.mfp-iframe-holder .mfp-content{line-height:0;max-width:900px;width:100%}.mfp-iframe-holder .mfp-close{top:-40px}.mfp-iframe-scaler{height:0;overflow:hidden;padding-top:56.25%;width:100%}.mfp-iframe-scaler iframe{background:#000;box-shadow:0 0 8px rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:block;height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}img.mfp-img{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;height:auto;margin:0 auto;max-width:100%;padding:40px 0;width:auto}.mfp-figure,img.mfp-img{line-height:0}.mfp-figure:after{background:#444;bottom:40px;box-shadow:0 0 8px rgba(0,0,0,.6);content:"";display:block;height:auto;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:40px;width:auto;z-index:-1}.mfp-figure small{color:#bdbdbd;display:block;font-size:12px;line-height:14px}.mfp-figure figure{margin:0}.mfp-bottom-bar{cursor:auto;left:0;margin-top:-36px;position:absolute;top:100%;width:100%}.mfp-title{word-wrap:break-word;color:#f3f3f3;line-height:18px;padding-right:36px;text-align:left}.mfp-image-holder .mfp-content{max-width:100%}.mfp-gallery .mfp-image-holder .mfp-figure{cursor:pointer}@media screen and (max-height:300px),screen and (max-width:800px)and (orientation:landscape){.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-image-holder{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.mfp-img-mobile img.mfp-img{padding:0}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-figure:after{bottom:0;top:0}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-figure small{display:inline;margin-left:5px}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-bottom-bar{background:rgba(0,0,0,.6);bottom:0;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:3px 5px;position:fixed;top:auto}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-bottom-bar:empty{padding:0}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-counter{right:5px;top:3px}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-close{background:rgba(0,0,0,.6);height:35px;line-height:35px;padding:0;position:fixed;right:0;text-align:center;top:0;width:35px}}@media (max-width:900px){.mfp-arrow{transform:scale(.75)}.mfp-arrow-left{transform-origin:0}.mfp-arrow-right{transform-origin:100%}.mfp-container{padding-left:6px;padding-right:6px}}.mfp-container{padding:0!important}.mfp-content{height:100%;overflow-y:scroll;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:576px){.mfp-content{overflow-y:hidden}}.collection-modal-container{background-color:#fff;display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;margin:2rem auto;max-width:90vw;position:relative;width:800px}@media screen and (min-width:576px){.collection-modal-container{flex-direction:row;left:50%;margin:0;max-height:100vh;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%)}}.collection-modal-container .collection-modal-data{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:2rem 1rem 2rem 2rem;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:576px){.collection-modal-container .collection-modal-data{width:35%}}.collection-modal-container .collection-modal-data h3{font-size:clamp(26px,1.4911rem + .5952vw,31px);font-weight:500;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:0}.collection-modal-container .collection-modal-data h4{margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:15px}.collection-modal-container .collection-modal-data p{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}.collection-modal-container .collection-modal-data .collection-modal-fields{overflow-y:scroll}.collection-modal-container .collection-modal-data .collection-modal-link{padding:.5rem 0;text-align:center}.collection-modal-container .collection-modal-data .collection-modal-link a,.collection-modal-container .collection-modal-data .collection-modal-link a:hover{background-color:#1c5b44;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:.5rem 1rem;text-decoration:none}.collection-modal-container .collection-modal-image{height:auto;max-height:95vh;padding:0 2rem;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:576px){.collection-modal-container .collection-modal-image{height:auto;padding:2rem 2rem 2rem 1rem;width:65%}}.mfp-content img{height:100%;max-height:100%!important;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain;width:100%}.collection-singles .wp-block-column .collection-block-view,.collection-singles .wp-block-column .collection-block-view>.searchpage__list,.collection-singles .wp-block-column .collection-block-view>.searchpage__list>.row,.collection-singles .wp-block-column .collection-block-view>.searchpage__list>.row>.collectionitem{height:100%}.collection-singles .wp-block-column .collection-block-view .collectionitem{margin:0 15px 30px} </style> <style id='safe-svg-svg-icon-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .safe-svg-cover{text-align:center}.safe-svg-cover .safe-svg-inside{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.safe-svg-cover svg{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gutenberghub-vertical-timeline-editor-style-css' href='https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/vertical-timeline-premium.1.0.0/dist/gutenberg.css?ver=673e1ad4dce1d' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gutenberghub-vertical-timeline-frontend-style-css' href='https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/vertical-timeline-premium.1.0.0/dist/frontend.css?ver=673e1ad4dce1c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wpseopress-local-business-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> span.wp-block-wpseopress-local-business-field{margin-right:8px} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--brand-green: #1C5B44;--wp--preset--color--brand-black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--brand-light-gray: #E9EDEC;--wp--preset--color--brand-off-white: #F4F4F4;--wp--preset--color--brand-white: #FFFFFF;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-smart-crop-renderer-css' href='https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-smartcrop/css/image-renderer.css?ver=2.0.10' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='taxopress-frontend-css-css' href='https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/simple-tags/assets/frontend/css/frontend.css?ver=3.27.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='AdobeFonts-css' href='https://use.typekit.net/zwq5lil.css?ver=8f1ff0f1e52e54dd3268a4e63bd78886' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sass-min-css-css' href='https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/css/main.min.css?ver=1732123348' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='pojo-a11y-css' href='https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/pojo-accessibility/assets/css/style.min.css?ver=1.0.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/collection-block/customise.js?ver=8f1ff0f1e52e54dd3268a4e63bd78886" id="collection-block-customise-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/collection-block/build/view.js?ver=2f9b51d858db40775343" id="collection-blocks-collection-block-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="breeze-prefetch-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var breeze_prefetch = {"local_url":"https:\/\/idp.bl.uk","ignore_remote_prefetch":"1","ignore_list":["\/collection\/","wp-admin","wp-login.php"]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/breeze/assets/js/js-front-end/breeze-prefetch-links.min.js?ver=2.1.19" id="breeze-prefetch-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/si-download-waiting/js/waitingroom.js?ver=1722511455" id="si-waiting-room-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/simple-tags/assets/frontend/js/frontend.js?ver=3.27.0" id="taxopress-frontend-js-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/16" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://idp.bl.uk/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://idp.bl.uk/' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.bl.uk%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.bl.uk%2F&#038;format=xml" /> <meta name="et-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="et-api-origin" content="https://idp.bl.uk"><link rel="https://theeventscalendar.com/" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-json/tribe/tickets/v1/" /><meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://idp.bl.uk"><link rel="alternate" href="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /><style type="text/css"> #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-toggle a{ background-color: #1c5b44; color: #ffffff;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay, #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay ul.pojo-a11y-toolbar-items.pojo-a11y-links{ border-color: #1c5b44;} body.pojo-a11y-focusable a:focus{ outline-style: dotted !important; outline-width: 1px !important; outline-color: #f4f4f4 !important;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar{ top: 25% !important;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay{ background-color: #ffffff;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay ul.pojo-a11y-toolbar-items li.pojo-a11y-toolbar-item a, #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay p.pojo-a11y-toolbar-title{ color: #0a0000;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay ul.pojo-a11y-toolbar-items li.pojo-a11y-toolbar-item a.active{ background-color: #1c5b44; color: #ffffff;} @media (max-width: 767px) { #pojo-a11y-toolbar { top: 45% !important; } }</style> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> /* to remove the first references entry * .col-lg-8:has(.catalog-type-filters a[href="/references"].active) .catalog-list li:first-of-type { display:none; } */ </style> </head> <body> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PJT6BPK4" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div class="wrapper"> <a class="sronly" href="#main">Skip to main content</a> <div class="auxnav"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <nav class="auxnav__nav" id="auxNav" aria-label="aux navigation"> <ul> <li id="menu-item-721" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-721"><a target="_blank" href="http://idp.nlc.cn/" rel="noopener noreferrer">IDP National Library of China</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12774" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12774"><a target="_blank" href="http://idp.dha.ac.cn/" rel="noopener noreferrer">IDP Dunhuang Academy</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <header class="header"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6 col-sm-3 col-xl-3"> <a href="/" class="header__logo"> <img src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/icons/IDP-logo.svg" alt="IDP Logo"> </a> </div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-9 col-xl-9"> <div class="header__nav"> <button type="button" class="burger" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="open menu" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="burger__toggle"> </div> <div class="burger__title"> More </div> </button> <div class="navigation"> <div class="navigation__burger"> <button type="button" class="burger burger--nav burger--active" role="button" aria-label="open menu" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="burger__toggle"> </div> </button> </div> <nav class="navigation__menu" id="offcanvas-nav" aria-label="main navigation"> <ul> <li id="menu-item-1731" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-16 current_page_item menu-item-1731"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2160" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2160"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/collection/">Search</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10739" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10739"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/discover/collection-categories/">&mdash; Collection categories</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-25" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-25"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/discover/">Discover</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-11340" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11340"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/">&mdash; IDP Blog</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2149" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2149"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/whats-on/">&mdash; What&rsquo;s on</a></li> <li id="menu-item-11326" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11326"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/discover/learning-resources/">&mdash; Learning resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4172" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4172"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/newsletters/">&mdash; IDP Newsletter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7850" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7850"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/references/">&mdash; References</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-24" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-24"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/about/">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3774" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3774"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/about/history-of-the-idp/">&mdash; History of the IDP</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3752" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3752"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/about/projects/">&mdash; Projects</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3867" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3867"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/support/">Support us</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header><!--HEADER--> <main class="pagewrap" id="main"> <style type="text/css"> .banner__image img{ object-position: % %; } </style> <div class="banner" id="bannerblock_e2b716b70cba4ce4669667904ea78d6b"> <div class="banner__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Or.8210-S-2-e1679561250100-1694x1080.webp" alt="Close up of a Chinese character painted on brown paper fragment and smaller characters to the right" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="banner__wrap"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-10 col-lg-9 col-xl-8"> <div class="banner__content"> <div class="banner__title"> <h1>Bring the Silk Roads to life</h1> </div> <div class="banner__article"> <p>Explore manuscripts, paintings, textiles and artefacts from the Eastern Silk Roads, as well as a range of associated resources curated for you.</p> </div> <form class="banner__form" action="/collection/" method="get"> <!-- standard form --> <div class="banner__standardsearch" action="/collection/"> <div class="formfield"> <div class="formfield__label"> <label class="sronly" for="Search">Search Form</label> </div> <div class="formfield__input"> <input type="text" id="Search" name="term" placeholder="Enter a keyword, title or pressmark"> </div> </div> <div class="formfield formfield--submit"> <button type="submit">Search</button> </div> </div> <!-- standard form --> <!-- ADV Search toggle--> <div class="banner__advancedtoggle"> <div class="formfield formfield--checkbox"> <div class="formfield__label"> <a href="/collection/#advanced" class="togglesearch"> Advanced search </a> </div> <div class="formfield__input search-toggles"> <label for="withimage"> <input type="checkbox" id="withimage" name="media" value="yes"> With image </label> <label for="withpressmark"> <input type="checkbox" id="withpressmark" name="pressmark" value="yes"> Pressmark only </label> </div> </div> </div> <!-- ADV Search toggle--> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style type="text/css"> .banner::after{ background: rgba(0,0,0,0.3) !important; } </style> </div> <!-- BREADCRUMBS --> <section class="breadcrumb"> <div class="container"> </div> </section> <!-- BREADCRUMBS --> <figure class="wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="The International Dunhuang Programme (IDP)" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8XOr1UcwCRQ?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div></figure> <div style="height:38px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="wp-block-group pretty-text"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:100%"> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <p class="has-text-align-left">Founded in 1994, the International Dunhuang Programme (IDP) is a pioneering international collaboration that brings together online collections from the Eastern Silk Roads and promotes understandings of the history and cultures of the region.&nbsp;</p> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:100%"></div> </div> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="/about/">Learn more about IDP</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div></div> <section class="pagewrap__section"> <div class="contentslider " id="contentslideID"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="contentslider__title"> <h2>Featured items</h2> </div> </div> <div class="col-12"> <div class="contentslider__sliderwrap"> <div class="contentslider__arrow"> <button type="button" role="button" id="contentslider__prevblock_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295" class="sliderbutton sliderbutton--prev"> <span class="sronly">Previous Item</span> </button> </div> <div class="contentslider__slides" id="contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295"> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/events/a-silk-road-oasis-life-in-ancient-dunhuang-at-the-british-library/" aria-label="Read more about A Silk Road Oasis: Life in Ancient Dunhuang" class="slideitem slideitem--1" role="link" tabindex="-1"> <div class="slideitem__imgwrap"> <div class="slideitem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Silk-Road_Socials_1080x1080-e1730367974988-1000x633.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy"> </div> </div> <div class="slideitem__content"> <div class="slideitem__editor"> <h3>A Silk Road Oasis: Life in Ancient Dunhuang</h3> <h4>Exhibition</h4> <p>Discover the personal stories of those who lived in, worked in and travelled… </div> </div> <style> .slideitem--1 .slideitem__image img { object-position: 50% 50%; } </style> </a> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/exhibition/chinese-astronomy/" aria-label="Read more about Chinese astronomy" class="slideitem slideitem--2" role="link" tabindex="-1"> <div class="slideitem__imgwrap"> <div class="slideitem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Image-of-the-emperor-1000x800.jpeg" alt="" loading="lazy"> </div> </div> <div class="slideitem__content"> <div class="slideitem__editor"> <h3>Chinese astronomy</h3> <h4>Learning resource</h4> <p>Learn about the cultural legacy of Chinese astronomy through articles, collection items, wall charts and more</p> </div> </div> <style> .slideitem--2 .slideitem__image img { object-position: 50% 50%; } </style> </a> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/the-lotus-sutra-project/" aria-label="Read more about Lotus Sutra Project" class="slideitem slideitem--3" role="link" tabindex="-1"> <div class="slideitem__imgwrap"> <div class="slideitem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IDP-Collections-1-1000x800.png" alt="A conservator&#039;s hands repairing a Lotus Sutra scroll." loading="lazy"> </div> </div> <div class="slideitem__content"> <div class="slideitem__editor"> <h3>Lotus Sutra Project</h3> <h4>Conservation and digitisation project</h4> <p>See the results and conference from the Lotus Sutra Project, active between 2017 and 2022</p> </div> </div> <style> .slideitem--3 .slideitem__image img { object-position: 50% 50%; } </style> </a> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/collection/51FDAEAFB4A24E2E9981692A98130BC8/" aria-label="Read more about The Diamond Sutra" class="slideitem slideitem--4" role="link" tabindex="-1"> <div class="slideitem__imgwrap"> <div class="slideitem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Or.8210-P-edited.webp" alt="Fine line illustration of Buddha and followers from the Diamond Sutra" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="slideitem__content"> <div class="slideitem__editor"> <h3>The Diamond Sutra</h3> <h4>Collection Item</h4> <p>View the world’s earliest dated printed book, made in 868 CE</p> </div> </div> <style> .slideitem--4 .slideitem__image img { object-position: 50% 50%; } </style> </a> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/events/dunhuang-the-story-of-the-caves/" aria-label="Read more about The Story of the Caves" class="slideitem slideitem--5" role="link" tabindex="-1"> <div class="slideitem__imgwrap"> <div class="slideitem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/1000-x-854-Story-of-the-Cave.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="slideitem__content"> <div class="slideitem__editor"> <h3>The Story of the Caves</h3> <h4>Event</h4> <p>Discover how the remarkable discovery of the &ldquo;Library Cave&rdquo; transformed our understanding of the Silk Road</p> </div> </div> <style> .slideitem--5 .slideitem__image img { object-position: 50% 50%; } </style> </a> </div> <div class="contentslider__arrow"> <button type="button" role="button" id="contentslider__nextblock_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295" class="sliderbutton"> <span class="sronly">Next Item</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12"> <div class="contentslider__link"> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/discover/" class="button button--solid"> Discover more about the collections </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> (function($){ $(function(){ var run_slick = function run_slick(){ $(function() { $("#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295").slick({ dots: true, infinite: true, slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, accessibility: false, lazyLoad: 'ondemand', prevArrow: $('#contentslider__prevblock_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295'), nextArrow: $('#contentslider__nextblock_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295'), mobileFirst: true, initialSlide: 0, swipeToSlide: true, responsive: [ { breakpoint:576, settings: { slidesToShow: 1, } }, { breakpoint:768, settings: { slidesToShow: 2, } }, { breakpoint:992, settings: { slidesToShow: 2, } }, { breakpoint:1140, settings: { slidesToShow: 3, } }, { breakpoint:1400, settings: { slidesToShow: 4, } } ] }); }); }; var matchSlideItemHeight = function matchSlideItemHeight() { var maxHeight = 0; var slide_item = $('#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295').find('.slideitem'); slide_item.each(function() { var height = $(this).outerHeight(true); if (height > maxHeight) { maxHeight = height; } }); $('#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295').find('.slideitem').outerHeight(maxHeight); }; var slick_init = function slick_init(){ $('#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295').on('init', function(event, slick){ $('#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295').find('.slideitem').css('visibility', 'hidden'); $('#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295').find('.slideitem').css('visibility', 'visible'); matchSlideItemHeight(); $('#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295').find('.slideitem').css('transition', '0.3s'); }); }; run_slick(); slick_init(); var resizeTimer; $(window).on('resize', function(e) { clearTimeout(resizeTimer); resizeTimer = setTimeout(function() { $('#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295').find('.slideitem').css('visibility', 'hidden'); $('#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295').find('.slideitem').css('visibility', 'visible'); var maxHeight = 0; var slide_item = $('#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295').find('.slideitem'); slide_item.each(function() { var height = $(this).outerHeight(true); if (height > maxHeight) { maxHeight = height; } }); $('#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295').find('.slideitem').outerHeight(maxHeight); $('#contentslide_block_e17d0d3b670478e7b0800edc7b1dc295').find('.slideitem').css('transition', '0.3s'); }, 250); }); }); })(jQuery); </script> </section> <section class="pagewrap__section"> <div class="featureblock featureblock__featureblockblock_25caec80d077ddcee9c1f423aad646dc" id="featureblockblock_25caec80d077ddcee9c1f423aad646dc"> <div class="container"> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="featureblock__header"> <h2>Featured event</h2> </div> </div> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/events/a-silk-road-oasis-curators-lunchtime-lecture/" class="featureblockitem featureblockitem--contentimg"> <div class="featureblockitem__content"> <div class="featureblockitem__date"> <p> 13:00 – 14:00 | 4th November 2024 </p> </div> <div class="featureblockitem__title"> <h3> A Silk Road Oasis: Curators&#039; Lunchtime Lecture </h3> </div> <div class="featureblockitem__cat"> <p>Exhibitions</p> <p>Talk</p> </div> <div class="featureblockitem__editor"> <p> The curators offer an exclusive behind-the-scenes glimpse into the exhibition. Monday 4th November 13:00 &ndash; 14:00. British Library, Knowledge Centre, Eliot Room This free event will take place in the British Library Knowledge Centre Eliot Room. Join curators&nbsp;Melodie Doumy&nbsp;and&nbsp;Kitty Liu&nbsp;for…. </p> </div> </div> <div class="featureblockitem__imgwrap"> <div class="featureblockitem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/b7da0d6e-6ce3-4766-95cd-a463cfab3c6c-0-scaled.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="featureblock__linkto"> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/events/" class="button button--solid"> View all events </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style type="text/css"> .featureblock__featureblockblock_25caec80d077ddcee9c1f423aad646dc { background: !important; } .featureblock__featureblockblock_25caec80d077ddcee9c1f423aad646dc .featureblock__content { background: #f4f4f4 !important; } .featureblock__featureblockblock_25caec80d077ddcee9c1f423aad646dc .featureblock__editor h1{ color: #000 !important; } .featureblock__featureblockblock_25caec80d077ddcee9c1f423aad646dc .featureblock__editor h2{ color: #000 !important; } .featureblock__featureblockblock_25caec80d077ddcee9c1f423aad646dc .featureblock__editor h3{ color: #000 !important; } .featureblock__featureblockblock_25caec80d077ddcee9c1f423aad646dc .featureblock__editor p{ color: #000 !important; } .featureblock__featureblockblock_25caec80d077ddcee9c1f423aad646dc .featureblock__link > .button{ color: #000 !important; } .featureblock__featureblockblock_25caec80d077ddcee9c1f423aad646dc .featureblock__link > .button::before{ background: #000 !important; } </style> </div> </section> <section class="pagewrap__section"> <div class="newsblock"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="newsblock__heading"> <h2>Our news</h2> </div> </div> <div class="col-12"> <div class="newsblock__sliderwrap"> <div class="newsblock__arrow"> <button type="button" role="button" id="newsblock__prevblock_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f" class="sliderbutton sliderbutton--prev"> <span class="sronly">Prevous Item</span> </button> </div> <div class="newsblock__slides" id="newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f"> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/the-silk-roads-in-sound-2-contributors/" class="postitem postitem--news postitem--news--feat" aria-label="The Silk Roads in Sound (2) Contributors" role="button" tabindex="-1"> <div class="postitem__imgwrap"> <div class="postitem__image"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1000" height="800" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IntoDunhuangSoundEvent2-1000x800.png" class="attachment-post_image_wide size-post_image_wide wp-post-image" alt="" /> </div> </div> <div class="postitem__content"> <div class="postitem__date"> 25th September 2024 </div> <div class="postitem__title"> <h3> The Silk Roads in Sound (2) Contributors </h3> </div> <div class="postitem__desc"> <p> The soundscape for the 2024 exhibition “A Silk Road Oasis &ndash; Life in Ancient Dunhuang” at the British Library brought together many contributors. Here you … </p> </div> <div class="postitem__tags"> <div class="posttagitem"> A Silk Road Oasis 2024 Exhibition </div> <div class="posttagitem"> British Library </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Exhibition </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Music </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Soundscape </div> </div> <!-- <div class="postitem__link"> <div class="button"> Read More </div> </div> --> </div> </a> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/contemporary-echoes-of-an-ancient-legacy-the-silk-roads-in-sound/" class="postitem postitem--news postitem--news--feat" aria-label="The Silk Roads in Sound (1) Introduction: Contemporary Echoes of an Ancient Legacy" role="button" tabindex="-1"> <div class="postitem__imgwrap"> <div class="postitem__image"> <img decoding="async" width="1000" height="800" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/10-Soundscape_Dunhuang-music-and-dance_Cave-112-scaled-e1727176448881-1000x800.jpg" class="attachment-post_image_wide size-post_image_wide wp-post-image" alt="" /> </div> </div> <div class="postitem__content"> <div class="postitem__date"> 29th July 2024 </div> <div class="postitem__title"> <h3> The Silk Roads in Sound (1) Introduction: Contemporary Echoes of an Ancient Legacy </h3> </div> <div class="postitem__desc"> <p> On 27 September, the long-awaited British Library exhibition &lsquo;A Silk Road Oasis &ndash; Life in Ancient Dunhuang&rsquo; will open to the public. Drawing on 50 … </p> </div> <div class="postitem__tags"> <div class="posttagitem"> A Silk Road Oasis 2024 Exhibition </div> <div class="posttagitem"> British Library </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Exhibition </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Music </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Soundscape </div> </div> <!-- <div class="postitem__link"> <div class="button"> Read More </div> </div> --> </div> </a> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/idp-celebrates-its-30th-anniversary-with-a-conference-in-dunhuang-and-a-reunion-of-the-idp-partners/" class="postitem postitem--news postitem--news--feat" aria-label="IDP celebrates its 30th Anniversary with a conference in Dunhuang and a reunion of the IDP partners&nbsp;" role="button" tabindex="-1"> <div class="postitem__imgwrap"> <div class="postitem__image"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="800" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-1000x800.jpg" class="attachment-post_image_wide size-post_image_wide wp-post-image" alt="" /> </div> </div> <div class="postitem__content"> <div class="postitem__date"> 24th June 2024 </div> <div class="postitem__title"> <h3> IDP celebrates its 30th Anniversary with a conference in Dunhuang and a reunion of the IDP partners&nbsp; </h3> </div> <div class="postitem__desc"> <p> This is a very significant year for the International Dunhuang Programme (IDP), which celebrates its&nbsp;30th anniversary since its founding in 1994. &nbsp; The launch of … </p> </div> <div class="postitem__tags"> <div class="posttagitem"> China </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Conference </div> <div class="posttagitem"> IDP 30th anniversary </div> <div class="posttagitem"> MoU </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Partnership </div> <div class="posttagitem"> + More </div> </div> <!-- <div class="postitem__link"> <div class="button"> Read More </div> </div> --> </div> </a> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/burkhard-quessel-curator-for-tibetan-retires-from-the-british-library/" class="postitem postitem--news postitem--news--feat" aria-label="Burkhard Quessel, Curator for Tibetan, Retires from the British Library" role="button" tabindex="-1"> <div class="postitem__imgwrap"> <div class="postitem__image"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="580" height="358" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Burkhard1.jpg" class="attachment-post_image_wide size-post_image_wide wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Burkhard1.jpg 580w, https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Burkhard1-300x185.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px" /> </div> </div> <div class="postitem__content"> <div class="postitem__date"> 21st May 2024 </div> <div class="postitem__title"> <h3> Burkhard Quessel, Curator for Tibetan, Retires from the British Library </h3> </div> <div class="postitem__desc"> <p> This blog post is by Annabel Gallop, Head of Southeast Asian Collections at the British Library, and was contributed by colleagues in Asian and African … </p> </div> <div class="postitem__tags"> <div class="posttagitem"> British Library </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Buddhism </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Manuscripts </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Tibet </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Tibetan </div> </div> <!-- <div class="postitem__link"> <div class="button"> Read More </div> </div> --> </div> </a> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/digital-humanities-and-the-international-dunhuang-programme-at-ryukoku-university/" class="postitem postitem--news postitem--news--feat" aria-label="Digital Humanities and the International Dunhuang Programme at Ryukoku University" role="button" tabindex="-1"> <div class="postitem__imgwrap"> <div class="postitem__image"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="346" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AdiBlog4.jpg" class="attachment-post_image_wide size-post_image_wide wp-post-image" alt="In front of the shrine in the main hall, from left to right: Ochir Oyunjargal, Adi Keinan-Schoonbaert, Mazumi Mitani, Anastasia Pineschi, Ochir Ayudai, Setsu Matsukawa, and Pradhan Gouranga" srcset="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AdiBlog4.jpg 500w, https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AdiBlog4-300x208.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /> </div> </div> <div class="postitem__content"> <div class="postitem__date"> 07th May 2024 </div> <div class="postitem__title"> <h3> Digital Humanities and the International Dunhuang Programme at Ryukoku University </h3> </div> <div class="postitem__desc"> <p> This blog post is by&nbsp;Dr Adi Keinan-Schoonbaert, Digital Curator for&nbsp;Asian and African Collections, British Library. She’s on Mastodon as&nbsp;@<span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="2a4b4e436a4d464b474758045f59">[email&#160;protected]</span>. I had the honour of being … </p> </div> <div class="postitem__tags"> <div class="posttagitem"> Conferences </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Digital humanities </div> <div class="posttagitem"> IDP Japan </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Kyoto </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Manuscripts </div> <div class="posttagitem"> + More </div> </div> <!-- <div class="postitem__link"> <div class="button"> Read More </div> </div> --> </div> </a> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/handwritten-text-recognition-of-the-dunhuang-manuscripts/" class="postitem postitem--news postitem--news--feat" aria-label="Handwritten Text Recognition of the Dunhuang manuscripts: the challenges of machine learning on ancient Chinese texts" role="button" tabindex="-1"> <div class="postitem__imgwrap"> <div class="postitem__image"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="250" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PeterSmithBlog1.jpg" class="attachment-post_image_wide size-post_image_wide wp-post-image" alt="Binarisation model capturing a character, circled in red to highlight it." srcset="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PeterSmithBlog1.jpg 500w, https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PeterSmithBlog1-300x150.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /> </div> </div> <div class="postitem__content"> <div class="postitem__date"> 08th April 2024 </div> <div class="postitem__title"> <h3> Handwritten Text Recognition of the Dunhuang manuscripts: the challenges of machine learning on ancient Chinese texts </h3> </div> <div class="postitem__desc"> <p> This blog post is by&nbsp;Peter Smith, DPhil Student at the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Oxford. Introduction The study of writing … </p> </div> <div class="postitem__tags"> <div class="posttagitem"> British Library </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Chinese </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Digital humanities </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Dunhuang </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Manuscripts </div> </div> <!-- <div class="postitem__link"> <div class="button"> Read More </div> </div> --> </div> </a> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/idp-new-website-launch/" class="postitem postitem--news postitem--news--feat" aria-label="IDP New Website Launch&nbsp;" role="button" tabindex="-1"> <div class="postitem__imgwrap"> <div class="postitem__image"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="800" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Screenshot-2024-02-21-171007-1000x800.png" class="attachment-post_image_wide size-post_image_wide wp-post-image" alt="" /> </div> </div> <div class="postitem__content"> <div class="postitem__date"> 04th March 2024 </div> <div class="postitem__title"> <h3> IDP New Website Launch&nbsp; </h3> </div> <div class="postitem__desc"> <p> We are pleased to announce the launch of the newly redeveloped International Dunhuang Programme (IDP) website, hosted by the British Library. The IDP was established … </p> </div> <div class="postitem__tags"> <div class="posttagitem"> British Library </div> <div class="posttagitem"> IDP 30th anniversary </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Projects </div> <div class="posttagitem"> The Polonsky Foundation </div> </div> <!-- <div class="postitem__link"> <div class="button"> Read More </div> </div> --> </div> </a> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/shaping-the-stein-collections-dunhuang-corpus-2-the-items-from-cave-17s-miscellaneous-bundles/" class="postitem postitem--news postitem--news--feat" aria-label="Shaping the Stein collection&rsquo;s Dunhuang corpus (2): the items from Cave 17&rsquo;s &lsquo;miscellaneous&rsquo; bundles" role="button" tabindex="-1"> <div class="postitem__imgwrap"> <div class="postitem__image"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="800" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Plate-LXXVII-1000x800.jpg" class="attachment-post_image_wide size-post_image_wide wp-post-image" alt="" /> </div> </div> <div class="postitem__content"> <div class="postitem__date"> 11th July 2023 </div> <div class="postitem__title"> <h3> Shaping the Stein collection&rsquo;s Dunhuang corpus (2): the items from Cave 17&rsquo;s &lsquo;miscellaneous&rsquo; bundles </h3> </div> <div class="postitem__desc"> <p> In a previous blog post, we looked at the instrumental role played by Wang Yuanlu during the selection of the items from the Cave 17. … </p> </div> <div class="postitem__tags"> <div class="posttagitem"> Cave 17 </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Manichaean </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Manuscripts </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Painting </div> <div class="posttagitem"> Silk </div> <div class="posttagitem"> + More </div> </div> <!-- <div class="postitem__link"> <div class="button"> Read More </div> </div> --> </div> </a> </div> <div class="newsblock__arrow"> <button type="button" role="button" id="newsblock__nextblock_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f" class="sliderbutton"> <span class="sronly">Next Item</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12"> <div class="newsblock__link"> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/" class="button button--solid"> View all news and posts </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script> (function($){ $(function(){ var run_slick = function run_slick(){ $(function() { $("#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f").slick({ dots: true, infinite: true, slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, accessibility: false, lazyLoad: 'ondemand', prevArrow: $('#newsblock__prevblock_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f'), nextArrow: $('#newsblock__nextblock_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f'), mobileFirst: true, initialSlide: 0, swipeToSlide: true, responsive: [ { breakpoint:576, settings: { slidesToShow: 1 } }, { breakpoint:768, settings: { slidesToShow: 1 } }, { breakpoint:992, settings: { slidesToShow: 2 } }, { breakpoint:1140, settings: { slidesToShow: 2, } }, { breakpoint:1400, settings: { slidesToShow: 3, } } ] }); }); }; var matchSlideItemHeight = function matchSlideItemHeight() { var maxHeight = 0; var slide_item = $('#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f').find('.postitem--news'); slide_item.each(function() { var height = $(this).outerHeight(true); if (height > maxHeight) { maxHeight = height; } }); $('#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f').find('.postitem--news').outerHeight(maxHeight); }; var slick_init = function slick_init(){ $('#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f').on('init', function(event, slick){ $('#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f').find('.postitem--news').css('visibility', 'hidden'); $('#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f').find('.postitem--news').css('visibility', 'visible'); matchSlideItemHeight(); $('#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f').find('.postitem--news').css('transition', '0.3s'); }); }; run_slick(); slick_init(); var resizeTimer; $(window).on('resize', function(e) { clearTimeout(resizeTimer); resizeTimer = setTimeout(function() { $('#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f').find('.postitem--news').css('visibility', 'hidden'); $('#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f').find('.postitem--news').css('visibility', 'visible'); var maxHeight = 0; var slide_item = $('#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f').find('.postitem--news'); slide_item.each(function() { var height = $(this).outerHeight(true); if (height > maxHeight) { maxHeight = height; } }); $('#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f').find('.postitem--news').outerHeight(maxHeight); $('#newsblockslider_block_c49abe83444fa7caa64c100e87977c3f').find('.postitem--news').css('transition', '0.3s'); }, 250); }); }); })(jQuery); </script> </section> <div class="wp-block-group alignwide gtnbg signup has-brand-green-background-color has-background"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading has-brand-white-color has-text-color">Join our mailing list</h3> <p class="has-brand-white-color has-text-color">Hear our latest news and stay informed about ongoing projects, research fellowships, talks and events.</p> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull newsletterblock__form"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div id="mc_embed_signup"> <form action="https://idp.us1.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=3a0b13c045a3b9dd014cb0c68&amp;id=ebaedcb687&amp;f_id=00c5f6e5f0" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll"> <div class="mc-field-group"> <label for="mce-FNAME" class="sronly">First Name </label> <input type="text" value="" placeholder="First name" name="FNAME" class="" id="mce-FNAME"> <span id="mce-FNAME-HELPERTEXT" class="helper_text"></span> </div> <div class="mc-field-group"> <label for="mce-LNAME" class="sronly">Last Name </label> <input type="text" value="" placeholder="Last name" name="LNAME" class="" id="mce-LNAME"> <span id="mce-LNAME-HELPERTEXT" class="helper_text"></span> </div> <div class="mc-field-group"> <label for="mce-EMAIL" class="sronly">Email Address <span class="asterisk">*</span> </label> <input type="email" value="" placeholder="Email address" name="EMAIL" class="required email" id="mce-EMAIL" required> <span id="mce-EMAIL-HELPERTEXT" class="helper_text"></span> </div> <div hidden="true"><input type="hidden" name="tags" value="5799858"></div> <div id="mce-responses" class="clear foot"> <div class="response" id="mce-error-response" style="display:none"></div> <div class="response" id="mce-success-response" style="display:none"></div> </div> <!-- real people should not fill this in and expect good things - do not remove this or risk form bot signups--> <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" name="b_3a0b13c045a3b9dd014cb0c68_ebaedcb687" tabindex="-1" value=""></div> <div class="optionalParent"> <div class="clear foot"> <input type="submit" value="Sign up" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="button"> </div> </div> </div> </form> </div> <p class="has-brand-white-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-2a790fd4c46411d391238a515ce7a69d">You can change your preferences or opt out of hearing from us at any time using the unsubscribe link in our emails. Read our full<mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-brand-black-color"> <a href="https://www.bl.uk/privacy/">privacy notice</a></mark>.</p> </div></div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-group idpsupporter"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-cover alignwide is-light gtnbg idpsupportcta"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim"></span><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1865" height="967" class="wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-10657" alt="" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image_IDP-3-2.jpeg" data-object-fit="cover" srcset="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image_IDP-3-2.jpeg 1865w, https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image_IDP-3-2-300x156.jpeg 300w, https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image_IDP-3-2-1024x531.jpeg 1024w, https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image_IDP-3-2-768x398.jpeg 768w, https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image_IDP-3-2-1536x796.jpeg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1865px) 100vw, 1865px" /><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"> <div class="wp-block-group narrow-block has-brand-green-background-color has-background"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-brand-white-color has-text-color">Become an IDP supporter</h2> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-brand-black-background-color has-background has-text-align-center wp-element-button" href="https://idp.bl.uk/support/">Support IDP</a></div> </div> </div></div> </div></div> </div></div> </div></div> <div style="height:60px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <section class="pagewrap__section pagewrap__section--bg"> <div class="partnerblock"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="partnerblock__header"> <h2>Our founding partners</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="partnerblock__list"> <a href="http://www.bl.uk/" . target="" class="partneritem partneritem--homepage"> <div class="partneritem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Image-1.png" alt="The British Library logo" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="partneritem__title"> <h3>The British Library, London</h3> </div> </a> <a href="http://www.nlc.cn/" . target="" class="partneritem partneritem--homepage"> <div class="partneritem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/National_Library_of_China_logo.svg_.png" alt="National Library of China logo" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="partneritem__title"> <h3>The National Library of China, Beijing</h3> </div> </a> <a href="http://www.orientalstudies.ru/" . target="" class="partneritem partneritem--homepage"> <div class="partneritem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IOM-150x150-1.jpg" alt="Institute for Oriental Manuscripts, St Petersburg logo" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="partneritem__title"> <h3>The Institute for Oriental Manuscripts, St Petersburg</h3> </div> </a> <a href="http://www.afc.ryukoku.ac.jp/" . target="" class="partneritem partneritem--homepage"> <div class="partneritem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/RU-Logo-Short.png" alt="The logo of the Ryukoku University." loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="partneritem__title"> <h3>Ryukoku University, Kyoto</h3> </div> </a> <a href="http://www.bbaw.de/" . target="" class="partneritem partneritem--homepage"> <div class="partneritem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Berlin-Brandenburgische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften.png" alt="The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Science and Humanities" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="partneritem__title"> <h3>The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Science and Humanities, Berlin</h3> </div> </a> <a href="http://www.dha.ac.cn/" . target="" class="partneritem partneritem--homepage"> <div class="partneritem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/dunhuang-academy-logo.png" alt="Dunhuang Academy logo" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="partneritem__title"> <h3>The Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang</h3> </div> </a> <a href="http://www.bnf.fr/" . target="" class="partneritem partneritem--homepage"> <div class="partneritem__image"> <img decoding="async" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/BNF-logo.png" alt="Biblioth&egrave;que nationale de France, Paris - logo" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="partneritem__title"> <h3>Biblioth&egrave;que nationale de France, Paris</h3> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!--begin code --> <div class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed multiple-authors-target-the-content box-post-id-4463 box-instance-id-1 ppma_boxes_4463" data-post_id="4463" data-instance_id="1" data-additional_class="pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content" data-original_class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-wrapper box-post-id-4463 box-instance-id-1"> <h2 class="widget-title box-header-title">Author</h2> <span class="ppma-layout-prefix"></span> <div class="ppma-author-category-wrap"> <span class="ppma-category-group ppma-category-group-1 category-index-0"> <ul class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-ul author-ul-0"> <li class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-li author_index_0 author_nathan has-avatar"> <div class="pp-author-boxes-avatar"> <div class="avatar-image"> <img alt='Nathan Fortt' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/14f04e54b9500299a8a83a8925ac07ca?s=80&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/14f04e54b9500299a8a83a8925ac07ca?s=160&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' /> </div> </div> <div class="pp-author-boxes-avatar-details"> <div class="pp-author-boxes-name multiple-authors-name"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/author/nathan/" rel="author" title="Nathan Fortt" class="author url fn">Nathan Fortt</a></div> <p class="pp-author-boxes-description multiple-authors-description author-description-0"> </p> <span class="pp-author-boxes-meta multiple-authors-links"> <a href="https://idp.bl.uk/blog/author/nathan/" title="View all posts"> <span>View all posts</span> </a> </span> <a class="ppma-author-user_email-profile-data ppma-author-field-meta ppma-author-field-type-email" aria-label="Email" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#dfb1beabb7beb1b9b0adabab9facaaadb9bebcbab6b2afadbaacacb6b0b1f1bcb0b2" target="_self"><span class="dashicons dashicons-email-alt"></span> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </span> </div> <span class="ppma-layout-suffix"></span> </div> <!--end code --> <style> .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .pp-author-boxes-avatar img { width: 80px !important; height: 80px !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .pp-author-boxes-avatar img { border-radius: 50% !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .pp-author-boxes-meta a { background-color: #655997 !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .pp-author-boxes-meta a { color: #ffffff !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .pp-author-boxes-meta a:hover { color: #ffffff !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .ppma-author-user_url-profile-data { background-color: #655997 !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .ppma-author-user_url-profile-data { border-radius: 100% !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .ppma-author-user_url-profile-data { color: #ffffff !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .ppma-author-user_url-profile-data:hover { color: #ffffff !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .ppma-author-user_email-profile-data { background-color: #655997 !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .ppma-author-user_email-profile-data { border-radius: 100% !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .ppma-author-user_email-profile-data { color: #ffffff !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .ppma-author-user_email-profile-data:hover { color: #ffffff !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .pp-author-boxes-recent-posts-title { border-bottom-style: dotted !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-li { border-style: solid !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-li { color: #3c434a !important; } </style> </main> <footer class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-xl-2"> <div class="footer__col"> <a href="/" class="footer__logo"> <img src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/assets/icons/IDP-logo-white.svg" alt="IDP Logo"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-9 col-xl-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-xl-12"> <div class="footer__col"> <div class="footer__navtitle"> The International Dunhuang Programme </div> <div class="footer__detail"> <p>The British Library<br /> 96 Euston Road<br /> London<br /> NW1 2DB</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-xl-12"> <div class="footer__col"> <div class="footer__detail"> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#a989c0cdd9e9cbc587dcc2" class="contact contact--email"> <span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="442d20340426286a312f">[email&#160;protected]</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-xl-5"> <div class="footer__col"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="footer__navtitle"> Quick links </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="footer__navwrap"> <nav class="footer__nav" aria-label="footer navigation 1"> <ul> <li id="menu-item-40" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-16 current_page_item menu-item-40"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-41"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/discover/">Discover</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3338" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3338"><a href="/collection/">Search</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9800" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9800"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/copyright/">Copyright and Reuse</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12564" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12564"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/accessing-this-website/">Accessing this website</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="footer__navwrap"> <nav class="footer__nav" aria-label="footer navigation 2"> <ul> <li id="menu-item-3341" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3341"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/whats-on/">What&rsquo;s on</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12491" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12491"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/discover/learning-resources/">Learning resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12773" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12773"><a href="/about/#contact-us">Contact us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3342" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3342"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/support/">Support us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12411" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12411"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.bl.uk/privacy/" rel="noopener noreferrer">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12616" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12616"><a href="https://idp.bl.uk/accessibility-statement/">Accessibility statement</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-12 col-xl-2"> <div class="footer__navtitle footer__navtitle--socialtitle"> Follow us </div> <div class="socialmedia "> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100068078083031" target="_blank" class="socialicon socialicon--facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="sr-only">View our Facebook social media account</span> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/idp_uk" target="_blank" class="socialicon socialicon--twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="sr-only">View our X social media account</span> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9yu5KAXeFPV4SqgWBXo-cQ" target="_blank" class="socialicon socialicon--youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="sr-only">View our Youtube social media account</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-12"> <div class="footer__lowwrap"> <span> &copy2024 IDP </span> <a href="https://surfaceimpression.digital" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Site by Surface Impression </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div><!--WRAPPER--> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var relevanssi_rt_regex = /(&|\?)_(rt|rt_nonce)=(\w+)/g var newUrl = window.location.search.replace(relevanssi_rt_regex, '') history.replaceState(null, null, window.location.pathname + newUrl + window.location.hash) /* ]]> */ </script> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"},"registration_prompt":"There is unsaved attendee information. Are you sure you want to continue?"};/* ]]> */ </script><link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://idp.bl.uk/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=8f1ff0f1e52e54dd3268a4e63bd78886' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='multiple-authors-widget-css-css' href='https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/publishpress-authors/src/assets/css/multiple-authors-widget.css?ver=4.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='multiple-authors-widget-css-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root { --ppa-color-scheme: #655997; --ppa-color-scheme-active: #514779; } :root { --ppa-color-scheme: #655997; --ppa-color-scheme-active: #514779; } :root { --ppa-color-scheme: #655997; --ppa-color-scheme-active: #514779; } :root { --ppa-color-scheme: #655997; --ppa-color-scheme-active: #514779; } :root { --ppa-color-scheme: #655997; --ppa-color-scheme-active: #514779; } :root { --ppa-color-scheme: #655997; --ppa-color-scheme-active: #514779; } :root { --ppa-color-scheme: #655997; --ppa-color-scheme-active: #514779; } :root { --ppa-color-scheme: #655997; --ppa-color-scheme-active: #514779; } :root { --ppa-color-scheme: #655997; --ppa-color-scheme-active: #514779; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='multiple-authors-fontawesome-css' href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.1.1/css/all.min.css?ver=4.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1{justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-elements-2a790fd4c46411d391238a515ce7a69d a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color:var(--wp--preset--color--brand-white);}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2{justify-content:center;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" id="jquery.wp-smartcrop-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpsmartcrop_options = {"focus_mode":"power-lines"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-smartcrop/js/jquery.wp-smartcrop.min.js?ver=2.0.10" id="jquery.wp-smartcrop-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var news_loadmore_params = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/idp.bl.uk\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","posts":"{\"error\":\"\",\"m\":\"\",\"p\":\"16\",\"post_parent\":\"\",\"subpost\":\"\",\"subpost_id\":\"\",\"attachment\":\"\",\"attachment_id\":0,\"name\":\"\",\"pagename\":\"\",\"page_id\":\"16\",\"second\":\"\",\"minute\":\"\",\"hour\":\"\",\"day\":0,\"monthnum\":0,\"year\":0,\"w\":0,\"category_name\":\"\",\"tag\":\"\",\"cat\":\"\",\"tag_id\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"author_name\":\"\",\"feed\":\"\",\"tb\":\"\",\"paged\":0,\"meta_key\":\"\",\"meta_value\":\"\",\"preview\":\"\",\"s\":\"\",\"sentence\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"fields\":\"\",\"menu_order\":\"\",\"embed\":\"\",\"category__in\":[],\"category__not_in\":[],\"category__and\":[],\"post__in\":[],\"post__not_in\":[],\"post_name__in\":[],\"tag__in\":[],\"tag__not_in\":[],\"tag__and\":[],\"tag_slug__in\":[],\"tag_slug__and\":[],\"post_parent__in\":[],\"post_parent__not_in\":[],\"author__in\":[],\"author__not_in\":[],\"search_columns\":[],\"ignore_sticky_posts\":false,\"suppress_filters\":false,\"cache_results\":true,\"update_post_term_cache\":true,\"update_menu_item_cache\":false,\"lazy_load_term_meta\":true,\"update_post_meta_cache\":true,\"post_type\":\"\",\"posts_per_page\":24,\"nopaging\":false,\"comments_per_page\":\"50\",\"no_found_rows\":false,\"order\":\"DESC\"}","current_page":"1","max_page":"0"}; var newsletters_loadmore_params = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/idp.bl.uk\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","posts":"{\"error\":\"\",\"m\":\"\",\"p\":\"16\",\"post_parent\":\"\",\"subpost\":\"\",\"subpost_id\":\"\",\"attachment\":\"\",\"attachment_id\":0,\"name\":\"\",\"pagename\":\"\",\"page_id\":\"16\",\"second\":\"\",\"minute\":\"\",\"hour\":\"\",\"day\":0,\"monthnum\":0,\"year\":0,\"w\":0,\"category_name\":\"\",\"tag\":\"\",\"cat\":\"\",\"tag_id\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"author_name\":\"\",\"feed\":\"\",\"tb\":\"\",\"paged\":0,\"meta_key\":\"\",\"meta_value\":\"\",\"preview\":\"\",\"s\":\"\",\"sentence\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"fields\":\"\",\"menu_order\":\"\",\"embed\":\"\",\"category__in\":[],\"category__not_in\":[],\"category__and\":[],\"post__in\":[],\"post__not_in\":[],\"post_name__in\":[],\"tag__in\":[],\"tag__not_in\":[],\"tag__and\":[],\"tag_slug__in\":[],\"tag_slug__and\":[],\"post_parent__in\":[],\"post_parent__not_in\":[],\"author__in\":[],\"author__not_in\":[],\"search_columns\":[],\"ignore_sticky_posts\":false,\"suppress_filters\":false,\"cache_results\":true,\"update_post_term_cache\":true,\"update_menu_item_cache\":false,\"lazy_load_term_meta\":true,\"update_post_meta_cache\":true,\"post_type\":\"\",\"posts_per_page\":24,\"nopaging\":false,\"comments_per_page\":\"50\",\"no_found_rows\":false,\"order\":\"DESC\"}","current_page":"1","max_page":"0"}; var events_loadmore_params = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/idp.bl.uk\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","posts":"{\"error\":\"\",\"m\":\"\",\"p\":\"16\",\"post_parent\":\"\",\"subpost\":\"\",\"subpost_id\":\"\",\"attachment\":\"\",\"attachment_id\":0,\"name\":\"\",\"pagename\":\"\",\"page_id\":\"16\",\"second\":\"\",\"minute\":\"\",\"hour\":\"\",\"day\":0,\"monthnum\":0,\"year\":0,\"w\":0,\"category_name\":\"\",\"tag\":\"\",\"cat\":\"\",\"tag_id\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"author_name\":\"\",\"feed\":\"\",\"tb\":\"\",\"paged\":0,\"meta_key\":\"\",\"meta_value\":\"\",\"preview\":\"\",\"s\":\"\",\"sentence\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"fields\":\"\",\"menu_order\":\"\",\"embed\":\"\",\"category__in\":[],\"category__not_in\":[],\"category__and\":[],\"post__in\":[],\"post__not_in\":[],\"post_name__in\":[],\"tag__in\":[],\"tag__not_in\":[],\"tag__and\":[],\"tag_slug__in\":[],\"tag_slug__and\":[],\"post_parent__in\":[],\"post_parent__not_in\":[],\"author__in\":[],\"author__not_in\":[],\"search_columns\":[],\"ignore_sticky_posts\":false,\"suppress_filters\":false,\"cache_results\":true,\"update_post_term_cache\":true,\"update_menu_item_cache\":false,\"lazy_load_term_meta\":true,\"update_post_meta_cache\":true,\"post_type\":\"\",\"posts_per_page\":24,\"nopaging\":false,\"comments_per_page\":\"50\",\"no_found_rows\":false,\"order\":\"DESC\"}","current_page":"1","max_page":"0"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/js/scripts.min.js?ver=1732123348" id="scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/themes/IDP/js/si-mirador/si-mirador.bundle.js?ver=1732123348" id="si-mirador-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pojo-a11y-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var PojoA11yOptions = {"focusable":"","remove_link_target":"","add_role_links":"1","enable_save":"1","save_expiration":"12"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://idp.bl.uk/wp-content/plugins/pojo-accessibility/assets/js/app.min.js?ver=1.0.0" id="pojo-a11y-js"></script> <nav id="pojo-a11y-toolbar" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-right" role="navigation"> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-toggle"> <a class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-toolbar-toggle-link" href="javascript:void(0);" title="Accessibility Tools" role="button"> <span class="pojo-sr-only sr-only">Open toolbar</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" fill="currentColor" width="1em"> <title>Accessibility Tools</title> <path d="M50 8.1c23.2 0 41.9 18.8 41.9 41.9 0 23.2-18.8 41.9-41.9 41.9C26.8 91.9 8.1 73.2 8.1 50S26.8 8.1 50 8.1M50 0C22.4 0 0 22.4 0 50s22.4 50 50 50 50-22.4 50-50S77.6 0 50 0zm0 11.3c-21.4 0-38.7 17.3-38.7 38.7S28.6 88.7 50 88.7 88.7 71.4 88.7 50 71.4 11.3 50 11.3zm0 8.9c4 0 7.3 3.2 7.3 7.3S54 34.7 50 34.7s-7.3-3.2-7.3-7.3 3.3-7.2 7.3-7.2zm23.7 19.7c-5.8 1.4-11.2 2.6-16.6 3.2.2 20.4 2.5 24.8 5 31.4.7 1.9-.2 4-2.1 4.7-1.9.7-4-.2-4.7-2.1-1.8-4.5-3.4-8.2-4.5-15.8h-2c-1 7.6-2.7 11.3-4.5 15.8-.7 1.9-2.8 2.8-4.7 2.1-1.9-.7-2.8-2.8-2.1-4.7 2.6-6.6 4.9-11 5-31.4-5.4-.6-10.8-1.8-16.6-3.2-1.7-.4-2.8-2.1-2.4-3.9.4-1.7 2.1-2.8 3.9-2.4 19.5 4.6 25.1 4.6 44.5 0 1.7-.4 3.5.7 3.9 2.4.7 1.8-.3 3.5-2.1 3.9z"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay"> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-inner"> <p class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-title">Accessibility Tools</p> <ul class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-items pojo-a11y-tools"> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-resize-font pojo-a11y-btn-resize-plus" data-action="resize-plus" data-action-group="resize" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Increase Text</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 200v16c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-56v56c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-16c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-56h-56c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-16c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h56v-56c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h16c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8v56h56c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8zM288 208c0-61.75-50.25-112-112-112s-112 50.25-112 112 50.25 112 112 112 112-50.25 112-112zM416 416c0 17.75-14.25 32-32 32-8.5 0-16.75-3.5-22.5-9.5l-85.75-85.5c-29.25 20.25-64.25 31-99.75 31-97.25 0-176-78.75-176-176s78.75-176 176-176 176 78.75 176 176c0 35.5-10.75 70.5-31 99.75l85.75 85.75c5.75 5.75 9.25 14 9.25 22.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Increase Text</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-resize-font pojo-a11y-btn-resize-minus" data-action="resize-minus" data-action-group="resize" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Decrease Text</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 200v16c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-144c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-16c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h144c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8zM288 208c0-61.75-50.25-112-112-112s-112 50.25-112 112 50.25 112 112 112 112-50.25 112-112zM416 416c0 17.75-14.25 32-32 32-8.5 0-16.75-3.5-22.5-9.5l-85.75-85.5c-29.25 20.25-64.25 31-99.75 31-97.25 0-176-78.75-176-176s78.75-176 176-176 176 78.75 176 176c0 35.5-10.75 70.5-31 99.75l85.75 85.75c5.75 5.75 9.25 14 9.25 22.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Decrease Text</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-negative-contrast" data-action="negative-contrast" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Negative Contrast</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 240c-23.75-36.75-56.25-68.25-95.25-88.25 10 17 15.25 36.5 15.25 56.25 0 61.75-50.25 112-112 112s-112-50.25-112-112c0-19.75 5.25-39.25 15.25-56.25-39 20-71.5 51.5-95.25 88.25 42.75 66 111.75 112 192 112s149.25-46 192-112zM236 144c0-6.5-5.5-12-12-12-41.75 0-76 34.25-76 76 0 6.5 5.5 12 12 12s12-5.5 12-12c0-28.5 23.5-52 52-52 6.5 0 12-5.5 12-12zM448 240c0 6.25-2 12-5 17.25-46 75.75-130.25 126.75-219 126.75s-173-51.25-219-126.75c-3-5.25-5-11-5-17.25s2-12 5-17.25c46-75.5 130.25-126.75 219-126.75s173 51.25 219 126.75c3 5.25 5 11 5 17.25z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Negative Contrast</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-light-background" data-action="light-background" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Light Background</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M184 144c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8s-8-3.75-8-8c0-17.25-26.75-24-40-24-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8s3.75-8 8-8c23.25 0 56 12.25 56 40zM224 144c0-50-50.75-80-96-80s-96 30-96 80c0 16 6.5 32.75 17 45 4.75 5.5 10.25 10.75 15.25 16.5 17.75 21.25 32.75 46.25 35.25 74.5h57c2.5-28.25 17.5-53.25 35.25-74.5 5-5.75 10.5-11 15.25-16.5 10.5-12.25 17-29 17-45zM256 144c0 25.75-8.5 48-25.75 67s-40 45.75-42 72.5c7.25 4.25 11.75 12.25 11.75 20.5 0 6-2.25 11.75-6.25 16 4 4.25 6.25 10 6.25 16 0 8.25-4.25 15.75-11.25 20.25 2 3.5 3.25 7.75 3.25 11.75 0 16.25-12.75 24-27.25 24-6.5 14.5-21 24-36.75 24s-30.25-9.5-36.75-24c-14.5 0-27.25-7.75-27.25-24 0-4 1.25-8.25 3.25-11.75-7-4.5-11.25-12-11.25-20.25 0-6 2.25-11.75 6.25-16-4-4.25-6.25-10-6.25-16 0-8.25 4.5-16.25 11.75-20.5-2-26.75-24.75-53.5-42-72.5s-25.75-41.25-25.75-67c0-68 64.75-112 128-112s128 44 128 112z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Light Background</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-links-underline" data-action="links-underline" data-action-group="toggle" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Links Underline</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M364 304c0-6.5-2.5-12.5-7-17l-52-52c-4.5-4.5-10.75-7-17-7-7.25 0-13 2.75-18 8 8.25 8.25 18 15.25 18 28 0 13.25-10.75 24-24 24-12.75 0-19.75-9.75-28-18-5.25 5-8.25 10.75-8.25 18.25 0 6.25 2.5 12.5 7 17l51.5 51.75c4.5 4.5 10.75 6.75 17 6.75s12.5-2.25 17-6.5l36.75-36.5c4.5-4.5 7-10.5 7-16.75zM188.25 127.75c0-6.25-2.5-12.5-7-17l-51.5-51.75c-4.5-4.5-10.75-7-17-7s-12.5 2.5-17 6.75l-36.75 36.5c-4.5 4.5-7 10.5-7 16.75 0 6.5 2.5 12.5 7 17l52 52c4.5 4.5 10.75 6.75 17 6.75 7.25 0 13-2.5 18-7.75-8.25-8.25-18-15.25-18-28 0-13.25 10.75-24 24-24 12.75 0 19.75 9.75 28 18 5.25-5 8.25-10.75 8.25-18.25zM412 304c0 19-7.75 37.5-21.25 50.75l-36.75 36.5c-13.5 13.5-31.75 20.75-50.75 20.75-19.25 0-37.5-7.5-51-21.25l-51.5-51.75c-13.5-13.5-20.75-31.75-20.75-50.75 0-19.75 8-38.5 22-52.25l-22-22c-13.75 14-32.25 22-52 22-19 0-37.5-7.5-51-21l-52-52c-13.75-13.75-21-31.75-21-51 0-19 7.75-37.5 21.25-50.75l36.75-36.5c13.5-13.5 31.75-20.75 50.75-20.75 19.25 0 37.5 7.5 51 21.25l51.5 51.75c13.5 13.5 20.75 31.75 20.75 50.75 0 19.75-8 38.5-22 52.25l22 22c13.75-14 32.25-22 52-22 19 0 37.5 7.5 51 21l52 52c13.75 13.75 21 31.75 21 51z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Links Underline</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-reset" data-action="reset" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Reset</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M384 224c0 105.75-86.25 192-192 192-57.25 0-111.25-25.25-147.75-69.25-2.5-3.25-2.25-8 0.5-10.75l34.25-34.5c1.75-1.5 4-2.25 6.25-2.25 2.25 0.25 4.5 1.25 5.75 3 24.5 31.75 61.25 49.75 101 49.75 70.5 0 128-57.5 128-128s-57.5-128-128-128c-32.75 0-63.75 12.5-87 34.25l34.25 34.5c4.75 4.5 6 11.5 3.5 17.25-2.5 6-8.25 10-14.75 10h-112c-8.75 0-16-7.25-16-16v-112c0-6.5 4-12.25 10-14.75 5.75-2.5 12.75-1.25 17.25 3.5l32.5 32.25c35.25-33.25 83-53 132.25-53 105.75 0 192 86.25 192 192z"></path></svg></span> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Reset</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </body> </html> <!-- Cache served by breeze CACHE - Last modified: Wed, 20 Nov 2024 17:22:29 GMT -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10