CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91338f4c7fcefd96',cH: 'URSzdWLM.P.QlKAx9tZ65_j.Cxg7aPAdVJNUcnh0xX8-1739772054-1.2.1.1-xFKyxOvCd_Q032ejS.vwWBj09mPhC6x3SO6ZgzRvsR67Ot8gdmcW.JLrpSQ3lGw7',cUPMDTk: "\/10013632\/json?__cf_chl_tk=WTMpbi172sZgpkjav5jJlJDVzRIUFhKbsOJ7dKyq9KA-1739772054-1.0.1.1-ppDrm.mrsEW0pwjomE3ez0PHuQ1DnXTc9ghqH21jg0Q",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739772054',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10013632\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=WTMpbi172sZgpkjav5jJlJDVzRIUFhKbsOJ7dKyq9KA-1739772054-1.0.1.1-ppDrm.mrsEW0pwjomE3ez0PHuQ1DnXTc9ghqH21jg0Q",md: "2gyVE7txoR_dfRwgFxbf3kBVP_Two8z_WavIph0zodA-1739772054-1.2.1.1-jFOBfdiZ0CqJNKGO07Nz57x7YfIKfD09PoHEpP0GugAaSUnttVv1NIqox.p3ZIcEOsXR.WFZAl.r2dctqKEIFshZtUZjngJ92UghJzgFlhEbf1YwgBBUwrLk5AdCtXLIuGa4FCqSyb0iJWnX3z0fj0DmvRIAhL72jN7_eiylnoWiyNEryndTqmRAns.2IRi6tWmJ_ZfTPoopUdFbAp24UbTmGXaYYTN2usAdN0Mk91Foz2jOenv0xaoCnhR0UKTAIEIbXi2NYJe7bxLgdtXBNtspKSzm7ZURqGPCHTRKvRjW7Aa8UXG6on9G5L_r4YslfqmhW7Rr1KR1mF_lED6NfTm8NfaFdb0EhqmSd7Smkolv6SC6vshgWrVD9VyoAP20Mt4ImJAZ7JlNKbtRRRIu_00o551lSOvA.rCDyD1RUFaeNYQ19taw2qjyBhZyj21LwQYtEZgv2mRzxscf_w33A.Iwc63I5cJF.g0txU1F2OINOfhbA5g0ohsjjP6cCdUribYchutytiYcilgAhdNidWdwGcffTJ0UuiWAi.MbdL5zo3n3U6Lsv27oGL06xRg273LzjoGJjh6uU0QaCuzc1aulZTO1CbiFJj_IAv0ebVWRD_Xktx32cFViRZ4I838fr24UjRRvLfFiFponoPE5ElIufCgUCvO4K6nCksTcbsb2urt4bDyioW0N98QkkSrZTT_GJxMRQdopZ2WAcgc2OGj8q3uBf81k8kLpS4q3_DgHQpyejKWIHFsADGmCo.svcDxhCvUb76WaWiqvIHlvjDH6XDokjHMdkEnIFx.0P6uXIXedL0uGtAKEQT0QRYPpCUVIt42zfQPS6JvXD9tfMlH.ja88eTEj61lChJRkzMvAJY.Jaazz7EZ9I5SUoACTcogZktCnvixjl787JOhrLsKnoolO76rFO2c72RVh.px2fduDRhHmpLf0vPoBrBVT.jsyijKLbdPJhjBz9lGT9Y7.b59RMA__wQjPUSW1ilPuzoNSvPu9BU7KNBKKASMMvBYtB3oxAXSkSndfJGyfT2k99BOOsrwx3wmJoZs.7e.anY6u4UJ66NcUINLgbmejqm1ATFgnAN5O1CGIwa9a3MOuX59EkuY.j1OgppLfiGMVtl9c_StVsaUQsRpaNBcUVcYL2AqDkP53daQUKb7BoDIjBWah2h1GZS0HweQkO4HNbBOZ1Q6RXu5710MS82dpWgHsmd823ULK8_OEdAxxBU5Zz1NZZ7BkP_SK.9Ld8YYgu7RFHMVUMQjDJlFW93KcTSw9DKvw4veHfzC92Y7bnNI1gh5Mb65McnzOV8zhSCo6gm6vAMyNK3OZ4j0ytN9vcFaUnEFV13BCUJsk9IlEvC8aU.Lm9WmJm62XEjCJjUBk2xgVGPUUh4aE52VntwXyhxnKI9opKkj7W78rxQymgAFSuPzgddsCrQeF7YA697IfnsBFk4Dobxn4EN_3_NiwantBTgBw92_aAeLb1g_LEMrpQ1ZwKfxgJo0kB3kWWi_IafFp5ru0h6s1M34cQfhQzxqr6LXM4.P8gdwpjBXdzgV1OJkupyeIXJ6kdF2t8OHPy_ZuzNwrfyxo.LRfAThmFeu6S5N1vwG_c2XGM9OqRjWS_5nHjL8hHGgmSKUGjZyme09F_gjIvwmQqK3hdy7cdJtzXDTOCT1oKxPv1xJ_9M9ZwMYBzyRIzFXLb.EsXq5tUqnUNA_sa.NKYXwfg6kPPyKbHBP_1tfR7TJ9ZEMfYIjUy4.kiMw5TzLSZ1QDs3k.3icekAibArycdRoQzZ4nkb8_ctZeXqu_h0N9RfkA6dT.ZK0tQW51qb1QKKUnaLc4uNSTiYEemGexyOmsUJOx3U8UHyvRbwYQdgrlfpJSH6dRm3xWvCRTpnGRFcD9FwA",mdrd: "cqNhFeIE2r676YyZVFZxDLwcwYilMUoZuqa_vnDZ4gQ-1739772054-1.2.1.1-R1dkoM2OM9Ztt1PRyMGK0A6GpsrCWvsxw_j_ZqNK6iknyHrNuiXO.CT6e9cK8EL8_8cd0nice_.XCVsN4_hE0E8iMjDKFne24IF2seF8Phb1ZD4sC7r4R5qikDBoOvDC0f2hFvdgzQAJfxTSm5ogpSCjlfK824FIwpjIyLodqF.6d1i5ow2LHTYUAaxWgDJxnArOpLOcW4ibIleP.6jQzPS1fa4ehBtlEZRbQSJayx8.ZIEKr5q_Vf5Duak.2QQB2JfW.JIDJMStc4Mh5xTNbCnF5D0r7tWyr26hlnnq9gcbatBK4aBclAYvPfYfvuvljNP5.XqQCJoTYTM.FYK1tMmaHrLaRaOW9jzuVxHvCASfNdz707rmh76XW.sYzavDktM764YZvlSImYCgUfuGCxyhiM9itbPQoBNAX05.sIIhXJFij2yEemXx5NPvPfTnUeAtcZe8uW5c5dv8MF1eGEXKWRlT.Cgr7IBjNeIPd5LPz12U2Wd80kOuATmLgA...ReGILB4n5vLIZTqvCpIrucSybZh42LX8N4EwV1Zj_D0kjIfgXURq4OUxt18rVnxnRUwObqoE2Bpc8q7Ww38BNWQvxMWOj.f.baLBXshnWvmsfgRnu7h.fsOk5o.sjCrTmPHdpFS.S1qkoGrLCkSXrQbn1LND1WJUMOq4CiHBlG2KoHVDAHBRRiA_3QY0uJYySl6x6p17YSUVU9CwvXiwOLrY0nTi2swzPAP0xUoyKhwOqNn7Jco_id5iHKNzp57NVQGfF4uUi.jX3K8mnc4spBobVlJsPX0iDDpwFA_YUbVn13G_oKCfMatCd1bITZQsmHu0GUz1dVYHCqn5PbMjefc4lRAVwZwP9k93uKmV8ICW7.Sj9ma2Tl7ETg.IwrnY1.SZseVc2PycDDeQCfYzkjxWSF1lG_kkZ.YDmD_aHl430SaDvLlU4LLwCD_M33Ra9dIvXiITI9EC3pj62ue6_pfoZ..KDY9ecaDLTQ2bMXra8YPHSj1KA7HTRXvflqiyzrxJ4y1Qj2IWKZuOiAoZUfj3ZYd9zZiGIHwyqZvLciFfmdG2kFQ1SWThTqfIV56CR_X.IUYhmgvtWZ7GfihbQUocn1CiHH8wjKIbhjtE.9IGc7cryNxJ9nnTQHZ656nQTXEsSw0uVCILDScX9NkzTdwh86w5bqPhYeAGSerKRGVknqVzA.8juMd98Fz5ZCV5bPP3D0i1K_ohSaArR.hYEMIAvNRVkwBMkJ7GrM9bFv.AnAuGnsP8ivBtgV4oARBhb6HEGShaD6DJSKLRQVw_LHVcd7U35tmlFv_boIkLTtP90QSJ9cuDxm9ZePpFC_TdvYm2OMOjZDosJPpLfCqwVR_922TPcFaDqiIIxNbmvtl.Wm7byo.qfXKHdZlYY9TIT4NKn2PqpKuVKsmlvFJgfGVQ53pEXCtQvCQLDeuECL30T9MqVrKc6rfBDwFfU6rrSxLEZwIUZqOLqh7sSc8W4GsVl.uMykXTTCrnVuGBA30BpM5lFLmjfqf6l9rDx0Y6TxwHvwyzd_UMf2X3Uw8H4cq5FcQJHlkN7QJA4K9BOeYpem2tszWR2KWfJvh3g8X_7utj8GfvIhIa27x0v2Zl.oklQiTnHyhyqp7Qf5mByPPGt1Jh5gDnu1VP5JRQuC8sf9mRhptYUPD0G4zYZf_6aUNRld98pLgoAvteItKz.J0BTtnNPK6u7_6wG_8tN5lCnkvH8FWwyv9KhqaHi3fXPePp9MyBehcRAdDi4gydPBM0k97Xopq.l_0YXebz42QSvzINc_s8WL5YvFY7f_r0NXUfExrFxEJ32nsSQsqdAvag2.BOzWMZcmR4NLG5E7a03PH0f8a2v7TG8hAyUjelf8Dy7Ms5AO9INUNDTcSJwd3VNOUoRMM_mb087Yqk9gJq26MBDjvybFKOW..qQ03sLcHdFr._ZeRdOfUogKc6jHrVoHMVir7ilFcIvMtKArq"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91338f4c7fcefd96';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10013632\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=WTMpbi172sZgpkjav5jJlJDVzRIUFhKbsOJ7dKyq9KA-1739772054-1.0.1.1-ppDrm.mrsEW0pwjomE3ez0PHuQ1DnXTc9ghqH21jg0Q" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>