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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-基本費米子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基本費米子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>基本費米子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基本費米子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-複合費米子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#複合費米子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>複合費米子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-複合費米子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参阅" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参阅"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参阅</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参阅-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">费米子</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。89种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3n" title="Fermión – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fermión" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرميون – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرميون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="ফাৰ্মিয়ন – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফাৰ্মিয়ন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3n" title="Fermión – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fermión" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiyon" title="Fermiyon – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fermiyon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرمیون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرمیون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermions" title="Fermions – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Fermions" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Ферміён – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ферміён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фермион – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фермион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="ফার্মিয়ন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফার্মিয়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3" title="Fermió – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fermió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%A9-m%C4%AB-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Hié-mī-cṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hié-mī-cṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86" title="فێرمیۆن – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فێرمیۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фермион – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фермион" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φερμιόνιο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φερμιόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiono" title="Fermiono – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fermiono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3n" title="Fermión – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fermión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermionid" title="Fermionid – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fermionid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermioi" title="Fermioi – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fermioi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرمیون – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرمیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermioni" title="Fermioni – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fermioni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feirm%C3%AD%C3%B3n" title="Feirmíón – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Feirmíón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3n" title="Fermión – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fermión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פרמיון – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרמיון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%A8" title="फर्मिऑन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फर्मिऑन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ֆերմիոն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆերմիոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiono" title="Fermiono – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fermiono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferm%C3%ADeind" title="Fermíeind – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fermíeind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermione" title="Fermione – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fermione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9F%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="フェルミ粒子 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェルミ粒子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფერმიონი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფერმიონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фермион – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фермион" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫರ್ಮಿಯಾನ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫರ್ಮಿಯಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8%EC%98%A8" title="페르미온 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페르미온" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фермион – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фермион" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermionas" title="Fermionas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fermionas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermioni" title="Fermioni – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fermioni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Пермион – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пермион" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фермион – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фермион" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ഫെർമിയോൺ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫെർമിയോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фермион – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Фермион" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%A8" title="फर्मिऑन – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फर्मिऑन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဖာမီယွန် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖာမီယွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%94%E0%A8%A8" title="ਫ਼ਰਮੀਔਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਮੀਔਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiony" title="Fermiony – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fermiony" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرمیون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرمیون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9rmion" title="Férmion – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Férmion" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фермион – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фермион" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3n" title="Fermión – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fermión" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Фермиони – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фермиони" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பெர்மியான் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெர்மியான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เฟอร์มิออน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟอร์มิออน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermiyon" title="Fermiyon – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fermiyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фермион – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фермион" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ферміон – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ферміон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرمیون – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرمیون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fermion" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="费米子 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="费米子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="費米子 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="費米子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44363#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-5ff6fd68" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="費米子">費米子</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-5ff6fd68" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Physics"></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/200px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/300px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg/400px-Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="2927" /></a><figcaption>恩里科·費米</figcaption></figure> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="粒子物理學">粒子物理學</a>裏，<b>费米子</b>（英語：<span lang="en"><b>fermion</b></span>）是遵守<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3-%E7%8B%84%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1" title="费米-狄拉克统计">费米-狄拉克统计</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="粒子">粒子</a>。費米子包括所有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="夸克">夸克</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E5%AD%90" title="輕子">輕子</a>，任何由奇數個夸克或輕子組成的複合粒子，所有<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a>與很多種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>都是費米子。術語費米子是由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E7%8B%84%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="保罗·狄拉克">保羅·狄拉克</a>給出，紀念<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3" title="恩里科·费米">恩里科·費米</a>在這領域所作的傑出貢獻。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>費米子可以是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本粒子</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電子">電子</a>，或者是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="复合粒子">複合粒子</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>。根據<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%A0%B4%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="量子場論">相對論性量子場論</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="自旋統計定理">自旋統計定理</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a>為整數的粒子是<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="玻色子">玻色子</a>，自旋為半整數的粒子是費米子。除了這自旋性質以外，費米子的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="重子數">重子數</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B8" title="輕子數">輕子數</a>守恆。因此，時常被引述的「自旋統計關係」實際是一種「自旋統計量子數關係」。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asymmetricwave2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Asymmetricwave2.png/200px-Asymmetricwave2.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Asymmetricwave2.png/300px-Asymmetricwave2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Asymmetricwave2.png/400px-Asymmetricwave2.png 2x" data-file-width="1814" data-file-height="1358" /></a><figcaption>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%99%90%E6%B7%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%BD%A2%E9%98%B1" title="無限深方形阱">無限深方形阱</a>裏，兩個全同費米子的反對稱性波函數繪圖。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>根據費米-狄拉克統計，對於N個全同費米子，假設將其中任意兩個費米子交換，則由於描述這量子系統的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="波函數">波函數</a>具有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="反对称性">反對稱性</a>，波函數的正負號會改變。<sup id="cite_ref-Srednicki2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Srednicki2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:28-29</sup>由於這特性，費米子遵守<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%8D%E7%9B%B8%E5%AE%B9%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="包利不相容原理">包利不相容原理</a>：兩個全同費米子不能占有同樣的量子態。因此，物質具有有限體積與硬度。費米子被稱為物質的組成成分。質子、中子、電子是製成日常物質的關鍵元素。<sup id="cite_ref-Sakurai_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakurai-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:450-452</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基本費米子"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E8.B2.BB.E7.B1.B3.E5.AD.90"></span>基本費米子</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：基本費米子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>標準模型確認兩種基本費米子：夸克與輕子。而這2類基本費米子，又分為合共24種<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%B3_(%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="味 (粒子物理學)">味</a>（<span lang="en">flavor</span>）： </p> <ul><li>12種<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="夸克">夸克</a>：包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克">上夸克</a> （u）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="下夸克">下夸克</a> （d）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克">奇夸克 </a>（s）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%85%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魅夸克">魅夸克</a> （c）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="底夸克">底夸克</a> （b）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="頂夸克">頂夸克</a> （t），及它們對應的6種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="反粒子">反粒子</a>。</li> <li>12種<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="轻子">轻子</a>：包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a>（e<sup>-</sup>）、<a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" title="Μ子">μ子</a> （μ<sup>-</sup>）、<a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E5%AD%90" title="Τ子">陶子</a> （τ<sup>-</sup>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="微中子">電微中子</a>（ν<sub>e</sub>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="微中子">緲微中子</a>（ν<sub>μ</sub>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="微中子">陶微中子</a>（ν<sub>τ</sub>），及对应的6種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="反粒子">反粒子</a>。</li></ul> <p>理論而言，費米子有三種：不帶質量的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%88%BE%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="外爾費米子">外爾費米子</a>（Weyl fermion）、帶質量的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="狄拉克费米子">狄拉克費米子</a>（Dirac fermions）、粒子與反粒子相同的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="马约拉纳费米子">馬約拉納費米子</a>。物理學者認為，大多數標準模型費米子是狄拉克費米子，雖然物理學者們尚不清楚中微子是狄拉克中微子還是馬約拉納中微子。狄拉克費米子可以視為<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%BE%B5%E6%80%A7" title="手徵性">左手</a>的外爾費米子與<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%BE%B5%E6%80%A7" title="手徵性">右手</a>的外爾費米子的組合。<sup id="cite_ref-MoriiLim2004_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoriiLim2004-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:106</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="複合費米子"><span id=".E8.A4.87.E5.90.88.E8.B2.BB.E7.B1.B3.E5.AD.90"></span>複合費米子</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：複合費米子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>依它們組成的成分而定，複合粒子可以是玻色子或費米子。更精準而言，由於自旋與統計之間的關係，奇數數量的費米子可以組成一個費米子，它的自旋為半整數。例如，<sup id="cite_ref-Jr.2004_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jr.2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:439</sup> </p> <ul><li>像<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>這些強子，都是由三個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="夸克">夸克</a>组成的費米子。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3-13" title="碳-13">碳-13</a>的原子核含有六個質子、七個中子，因此，它是費米子。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6-3" title="氦-3">氦-3</a> （<sup>3</sup>He）原子含有兩個質子、一個中子、兩個電子，因此，它是費米子。</li></ul> <p>在複合粒子內部的玻色子數量不會改變這複合粒子是玻色子還是費米子。 </p><p>複合粒子到底是玻色子還是費米子，這判別是在遠距離（與粒子尺寸做比較）進行。在複合粒子鄰近，空間結構開始顯得重要，其物理行為與組成的成份有關。 </p><p>當費米子鬆散地結合成對時，可能會展示出玻色子行為。這物理機制造成了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6-3" title="氦-3">氦-3</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="超導">超導</a>性質與<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="超流體">超流體</a>性質的。在超導物質裏，通過交換<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%90" title="声子">聲子</a>，電子形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%9F%8F%E5%B0%8D" title="庫柏對">庫柏對</a>；在氦-3裏，庫柏對是通過<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a>漲落形成庫柏對。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%95%B8%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%9C%8D%E7%88%BE%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="分數量子霍爾效應">分數量子霍爾效應</a>（fractional quantum Hall effect）裏出現的準粒子知名為複合費米子，它是負載偶數個量子渦旋的電子。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参阅"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85"></span>参阅</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参阅"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E5%AD%90" title="任意子">任意子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%BE%B5%E6%80%A7" title="手徵性">手徵性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A" title="费米凝聚">費米凝聚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="費米場">費米場</a>（Fermionic field）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%90%8C%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="全同粒子">全同粒子</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">反對稱性波函數為 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [\sin(x)\sin(3y)-\sin(3x)\sin(y)]/{\sqrt {2}},\qquad 0\leq x,y\leq \pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <mn>0</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [\sin(x)\sin(3y)-\sin(3x)\sin(y)]/{\sqrt {2}},\qquad 0\leq x,y\leq \pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a7e33ba5223d7e206aaa549461838525f8a7112" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:53.014ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [\sin(x)\sin(3y)-\sin(3x)\sin(y)]/{\sqrt {2}},\qquad 0\leq x,y\leq \pi }"></span> 。注意到在 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/409a91214d63eabe46ec10ff3cbba689ab687366" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.584ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=y}"></span> 附近，機率輻絕對值很微小，兩個費米子趨向於彼此互相遠離對方。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Notes on Dirac's lecture <i>Developments in Atomic Theory</i> at Le Palais de la Découverte, 6 December 1945, UKNATARCHI Dirac Papers BW83/2/257889. See note 64 on page 331 in "The Strangest Man: The Hidden Life of Paul Dirac, Mystic of the Atom" by Graham Farmelo</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Weiner, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.0969">Spin-statistics-quantum number connection and supersymmetry</a>. Physical Review D. 2013, <b>87</b>: 0550003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2014]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.87.055003"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.87.055003</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90&rft.atitle=Spin-statistics-quantum+number+connection+and+supersymmetry&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+D&rft.pages=0550003&rft.volume=87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fpdf%2F1302.0969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevD.87.055003&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Srednicki2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Srednicki2007_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mark Srednicki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/~mark/qft.html">Quantum Field Theory</a>. Cambridge University Press. 25 January 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-19</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-139-46276-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-139-46276-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-139-46276-1</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725093208/http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/~mark/qft.html">存档</a>于2011-07-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90&rft.au=Mark+Srednicki&rft.btitle=Quantum+Field+Theory&rft.date=2007-01-25&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-139-46276-1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physics.ucsb.edu%2F~mark%2Fqft.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sakurai-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sakurai_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSakukraiNapolitano2010" class="citation">Sakukrai, J. J.; Napolitano, Jim, Modern Quantum Mechanics 2nd, Addison-Wesley, 2010, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0805382914" title="Special:网络书源/978-0805382914"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0805382914</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90&rft.au=Napolitano%2C+Jim&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft.aulast=Sakukrai&rft.btitle=Modern+Quantum+Mechanics&rft.date=2010&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0805382914&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoriiLim2004-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MoriiLim2004_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">T. Morii; C. S. Lim; S. N. Mukherjee. The Physics of the Standard Model and Beyond. World Scientific. 1 January 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-981-279-560-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-981-279-560-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-981-279-560-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90&rft.au=C.+S.+Lim&rft.au=S.+N.+Mukherjee&rft.au=T.+Morii&rft.btitle=The+Physics+of+the+Standard+Model+and+Beyond&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-981-279-560-1&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jr.2004-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jr.2004_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Charles P. Poole, Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=CXwrqM2hU0EC">Encyclopedic Dictionary of Condensed Matter Physics</a>. Academic Press. 11 March 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-19</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-08-054523-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-08-054523-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-08-054523-3</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221024547/https://books.google.com/books?id=CXwrqM2hU0EC">存档</a>于2016-12-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90&rft.au=Charles+P.+Poole%2C+Jr.&rft.btitle=Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+Condensed+Matter+Physics&rft.date=2004-03-11&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-08-054523-3&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCXwrqM2hU0EC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="text-decoration: overline">d</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="C夸克">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="C夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">c</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克">s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">s</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="頂夸克">t</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="頂夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">t</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="底夸克">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="底夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">b</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E5%AD%90" title="輕子">輕子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">e<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="正電子">e<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" title="Μ子">μ<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" title="Μ子">μ<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E5%AD%90" title="Τ子">τ<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%CF%84%E5%AD%90" title="反τ子">τ<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="电中微子">ν<sub>e</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%9B%BB%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="反電中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>e</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Μ中微子">ν<sub>μ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Μ中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>μ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Τ中微子">ν<sub>τ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Τ中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>τ</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="玻色子">玻色子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="标量玻色子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E9%87%8F%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="标量玻色子">标量玻色子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="希格斯玻色子">H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="规范玻色子">规范玻色子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E5%AD%90" title="膠子">g</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子">W<sup>±</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子">Z<sup>0</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="复合粒子">复合粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90" title="强子">强子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="重子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Δ粒子">Δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90" title="核子">核子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="反質子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">p</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="反中子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">n</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%AD%90" title="超子">超子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Λ粒子">Λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Σ粒子">Σ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9E%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Ξ粒子">Ξ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A9%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Ω粒子">Ω</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="介子">介子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Π介子">π</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="K介子">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Ρ介子">ρ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A9%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Ω介子">ω</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J/%CF%88%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="J/ψ介子">J/ψ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Υ介子">ϒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="D介子">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="B介子">B</a></li> <li>未发现介子 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Θ介子（页面不存在）">θ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T介子（页面不存在）">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="夸克偶素">夸克偶素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="超原子">超原子</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="奇異原子">奇異原子</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="电子偶素">电子偶素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="緲子偶素">緲子偶素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%B7%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="真緲子偶素">真緲子偶素</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="介子偶素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Onium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子偶素（页面不存在）">介子偶素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onium" class="extiw" title="en:Onium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Onium</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="K介子原子">介子原子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%AD%90%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超子原子（页面不存在）">超子原子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%AB" title="反氫">反氫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子核（页面不存在）">介子核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%A0%B8" title="超核">超核</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%91%B3%E8%B6%85%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重味超核（页面不存在）">重味超核</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%83%B3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="假想粒子">假想的基本粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="超對稱粒子">超對稱粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="超規範子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E5%AD%90" title="超規範子">超規範子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%86%A0%E5%AD%90" title="超膠子">超膠子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="重力微子">超引力子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超光子（页面不存在）">超光子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E8%8D%B7%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超荷子（页面不存在）">超荷子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E5%AD%90" title="超中性子">超中性子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>其他</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超希格斯粒子（页面不存在）">超希格斯粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="超費米子">超費米子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%BB%B8%E5%AD%90" title="超軸子">超軸子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E8%83%80%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超胀子（页面不存在）">超胀子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E5%AD%90" title="任意子">任意子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%80%E5%AD%90" title="胀子">胀子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%AD%90" title="加速子">加速子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E5%AD%90" title="快子">快子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%AD%90" title="軸子">A<sup>0</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%90" title="引力子">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8D%95%E6%9E%81%E5%AD%90" title="磁单极子">m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%8F%8AY%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="X及Y玻色子">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%8F%8AY%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="X及Y玻色子">Y</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="W'" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="W′_and_Z′_bosons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W'（页面不存在）">W'</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons" class="extiw" title="en:W′ and Z′ bosons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">W′_and_Z′_bosons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Z'" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="W′_and_Z′_bosons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z'（页面不存在）">Z'</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons" class="extiw" title="en:W′ and Z′ bosons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">W′_and_Z′_bosons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="普朗克粒子">普朗克粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="马约拉纳费米子">马约拉纳粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8D%B7%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB-%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%AB%E9%AC%BC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="法捷耶夫-波波夫鬼粒子">鬼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%A0%BC%E6%98%8E%E5%AD%90" title="斯格明子">斯格明子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="惰性中微子">惰性中微子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%B1%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="大质量弱相互作用粒子">大质量弱相互作用粒子（WIMP）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%83%B3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="假想粒子">假想的复合粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90" title="奇異強子">奇異強子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="奇異重子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="奇異重子">奇異重子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%85%8B" title="五夸克態">五夸克態</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="七夸克态">七夸克态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="R-重子">R-重子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="奇異介子">奇異介子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="四夸克态">四夸克态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="六夸克态">六夸克态</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%85%8B" title="雙重子態">雙重子態</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E7%90%83" title="膠球">膠球</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E6%9D%82%E6%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混杂态（页面不存在）">混杂态</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="介子分子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mesonic molecule"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子分子（页面不存在）">介子分子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesonic_molecule" class="extiw" title="en:Mesonic molecule"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mesonic molecule</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%A1%E5%AF%86%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坡密子（页面不存在）">坡密子</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奇数子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="odderon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇数子（页面不存在）">奇数子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/odderon" class="extiw" title="en:odderon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">odderon</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="双夸克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Diquark"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双夸克（页面不存在）">双夸克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diquark" class="extiw" title="en:Diquark"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Diquark</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="準粒子">準粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="達維多夫孤子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Davydov soliton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E5%AD%A4%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="達維多夫孤子（页面不存在）">達維多夫孤子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davydov_soliton" class="extiw" title="en:Davydov soliton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Davydov soliton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="量子滴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dropleton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%BB%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="量子滴（页面不存在）">量子滴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropleton" class="extiw" title="en:Dropleton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dropleton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%AD%90" title="激子">激子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E7%A9%B4" title="空穴">空穴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%8C%AF%E5%AD%90" title="磁振子">磁振子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%90" title="声子">聲子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8D%95%E6%9E%81%E5%AD%90" title="磁单极子">磁单极子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%BC%BF%E5%AD%90" title="電漿子">電漿子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%A5%B5%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%90" title="電磁極化子">電磁極化子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%AD%90" title="極子">極子</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旋子_(准粒子)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%8B%E5%AD%90_(%E5%87%86%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旋子 (准粒子)（页面不存在）">旋子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roton" class="extiw" title="en:Roton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="粒子列表">粒子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="奇異原子">奇异原子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="准粒子列表">准粒子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="介子列表">介子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="重子列表">重子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="粒子发现年表">粒子发现年表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:物理学">物理学主题</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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href="https://www.idref.fr/027801136">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=费米子&oldid=82438092">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=费米子&oldid=82438092</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="Category:费米子">费米子</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:粒子物理学">粒子物理学</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" 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