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Project MUSE - MLN

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href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="title_wrap"> <h2>About this Journal</h2> </div> <div id="journal_about_info_wrap" class="about_info_wrap"> <div id="journal_about_info" class="cards_wrap about_info" role="complementary" aria-label="journal information"> <div class="card"> <div class="card_image"> <img src="/journal/128/image/front_cover.jpg?format=180" id="journal_cover_thumb" alt="journal cover image"/> <div style="text-align: center; padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px;"> <a href="#info_wrap">Additional Information</a> </div> </div> <div class="card_text "> <ul> <li class="title"><span>MLN</span></li> <li class="type"><span class="journal">Journal</span></li> <li><span> <div class="content_action"> <span class="content_access_icon"> <img src="/images/access/no_access.png" alt="restricted access"/> </span> <ul class="action_btns"> <li> <script> document.write('<span class="save_content link_text" id="journal:128"><button type="button">Save</button></span>'); </script> <noscript> <span class="link_text"><a class="save_content" href="/account/save/journal:128/non_js">Save</a></span> </noscript> </li> <li> <span class="get_access link_text" content_type="journal" content_id="128"><button type="button" class="access_btn">Get Access</button></span> </li> </ul> <div id="get_access_journal_128" style="display:none;"></div> </div> </br> </span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="card_summary_wrap"> <div class="card_summary" tabindex="0"><p>More than one hundred twenty-five years ago, <i>MLN</i> pioneered the introduction of contemporary continental criticism into American scholarship. Since then, its reputation for high standards and excellent quality has continued and grown. Critical studies in the modern languages are featured in four issues (Italian, Hispanic, German, French) and recent work in comparative literature provide the foundation for the articles and notes in <i>MLN</i>. Every volume contains four single-language issues and one comparative literature issue. Winner of the CELJ Phoenix Award!</p></div> <div class="card_publisher_image"> <!-- Publisher Object In Use --> <a href="/search?action=browse&limit=publisher_id:1"><img src="/publisher/1/image/colophon.jpg" alt="Johns Hopkins University Press"></a> </div> <div class="card_publisher"> <h3 class="small">published by</h3> <span> <!-- Publisher Object In Use --> <a href="/search?action=browse&limit=publisher_id:1">Johns Hopkins University Press</a> </span> </div> <div class="card_current"> <h3 class="small">Available Issues</h3> <span>Vol. 108, no. 4 (1993); Vol. 110 (1995) through current issue</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <span id="skip_target"></span> <div id="journal_about_content_select" class="row about_content_select"> <!-- <div class="columns large-20 toc_contain full"> --> <div class="columns small-30 toc_contain full"> <div class="toc_header_wrap"> <div class="option" id="toc_header"> <h2>Table of Contents</h2> </div> </div> <!-- issue list --> <div id="available_issues_list_wrap"> <div id="available_issues_list_text" class="results columns small-30 medium-30 large-30"> <h3>Volume 139, 2024</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/53805">Volume 139, Number 3, April 2024 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/53573">Volume 139, Number 2, March 2024 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/52697">Volume 139, Number 1, January 2024 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 138, 2023</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/52203">Volume 138, Number 5, December 2023 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/51987">Volume 138, Number 4, September 2023 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/51986">Volume 138, Number 3, April 2023 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/51783">Volume 138, Number 2, March 2023 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/50187">Volume 138, Number 1, January 2023 (Italian Issue)</a></span> <span class="access"><img alt="Free Access" src="/images/free_access.gif"></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 137, 2022</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/49563">Volume 137, Number 5, December 2022 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/48435">Volume 137, Number 4, September 2022 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/48910">Volume 137, Number 3, April 2022 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/48434">Volume 137, Number 2, March 2022 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/48257">Volume 137, Number 1, January 2022 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 136, 2021</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/47271">Volume 136, Number 5, December 2021 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/47103">Volume 136, Number 4, September 2021 (French Issue) Supplement</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/47102">Volume 136, Number 4, September 2021 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/45204">Volume 136, Number 3, April 2021 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/44741">Volume 136, Number 2, March 2021 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/44670">Volume 136, Number 1, January 2021 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 135, 2020</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/44057">Volume 135, Number 5, December 2020 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/43268">Volume 135, Number 4, September 2020 (French Issue) </a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/42518">Volume 135, Number 3, April 2020 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/42439">Volume 135, Number 2, March 2020 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/42284">Volume 135, Number 1, January 2020 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 134, 2019</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/41838">Volume 134, Number 5, December 2019 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/41588">Volume 134, Number 4, September 2019 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/40577">Volume 134, Number 3, April 2019 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/40370">Volume 134, Number 2, March 2019 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/40245">Volume 134, Number 1, January 2019 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/41567">Volume 134 Supplement, September 2019</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 133, 2018</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/39735">Volume 133, Number 5, December 2018 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/39316">Volume 133, Number 4, September 2018 (French Issue) </a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/38734">Volume 133, Number 3, April 2018 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/38719">Volume 133, Number 2, March 2018 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/38665">Volume 133, Number 1, January 2018 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 132, 2017</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/38039">Volume 132, Number 5, December 2017 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/37769">Volume 132, Number 4, September 2017 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/36899">Volume 132, Number 3, April 2017 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/36189">Volume 132, Number 2, March 2017 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/36012">Volume 132, Number 1, January 2017 (Italian Issue) </a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 131, 2016</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/35931">Volume 131, Number 5, December 2016 (Comparative Literature Issue) </a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/35323">Volume 131, Number 4, September 2016 (French Issue) </a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/35027">Volume 131, Number 3, April 2016 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/33730">Volume 131, Number 2, March 2016 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/33451">Volume 131, Number 1, January 2016 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 130, 2015</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/33426">Volume 130, Number 5, December 2015 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/33141">Volume 130, Number 4, September 2015 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/32114">Volume 130, Number 3, April 2015 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/31942">Volume 130, Number 2, March 2015 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/31727">Volume 130, Number 1, January 2015 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 129, 2014</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/31687">Volume 129, Number 5, December 2014 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/31474">Volume 129, Number 4, September 2014 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/30676">Volume 129, Number 3, April 2014 (Supplement Issue) </a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/30675">Volume 129, Number 3, April 2014 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/29783">Volume 129, Number 2, March 2014 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/29627">Volume 129, Number 1, January 2014 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 128, 2013</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/29276">Volume 128, Number 5, December 2013 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/29176">Volume 128, Number 4, September 2013 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/29027">Volume 128, Number 3, April 2013 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/27522">Volume 128, Number 2, March 2013 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/27329">Volume 128, Number 1, January 2013 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 127, 2012</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/27260">Volume 127, Number 5, December 2012 (Comparative Literature Issue Supplement) </a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/27237">Volume 127, Number 5, December 2012 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/26753">Volume 127, Number 4, September 2012 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/25791">Volume 127, Number 3 , April 2012 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/25543">Volume 127, Number 2, March 2012 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/25452">Volume 127, Number 1, January 2012 (Italian Issue Supplement)) </a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/25451">Volume 127, Number 1, January 2012 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 126, 2011</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/24854">Volume 126, Number 5, December 2011</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/24661">Volume 126, Number 4, September 2011 (French Issue Supplement) </a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/24660">Volume 126, Number 4, September 2011 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/23016">Volume 126, Number 3, April 2011 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/22823">Volume 126, Number 2, March 2011 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/22627">Volue 126, Number 1, January 2011 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 125, 2010</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/22793">Volume 125, Number 5, December 2010 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/22790">Volume 125, Number 4, September 2010 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/20840">Volume 125, Number 3, April 2010 (German Issue) </a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/20485">Volume 125, Number 2, March 2010 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/19846">Volume 125, Number 1, January 2010 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 124, 2009</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/19845">Volume 124, Number 5 Supplement, December 2009</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/20149">Volume 124, Number 5, December 2009 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/19340">Volume 124, Number 4, September 2009 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/14277">Volume 124, Number 3, April 2009 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/13931">Volume 124, Number 2, March 2009 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/13930">Volume 124, Number 1, January 2009 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 123, 2008</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/14078">Volume 123, Number 5, December 2008 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/12575">Volume 123, Number 4, September 2008 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/12527">Volume 123, Number 3, April 2008 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/12526">Volume 123, Number 2, March 2008 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/12525">Volume 123, Number 1, January 2008 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 122, 2007</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/12467">Volume 122, Number 5, December 2007 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/12423">Volume 122, Number 4, September 2007 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/11592">Volume 122, Number 3, April 2007 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/11427">Volume 122, Number 2, March 2007 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/11421">Volume 122, Number 1, January 2007 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 121, 2006</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/11405">Volume 121, Number 5, December 2006 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/11143">Volume 121, Number 4, September 2006 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/10583">Volume 121, Number 3, April 2006 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/10512">Volume 121, Number 2, March 2006 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/10475">Volume 121, Number 1, January 2006 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 120, 2005</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/10386">Volume 120, Number 5, December 2005 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/10151">Volume 120, Number 4, September 2005 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/9772">Volume 120, Number 3, April 2005 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/9690">Volume 120, Number 2, March 2005 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/9658">Volume 120, Number 1 Supplement, January 2005</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/9654">Volume 120, Number 1, January 2005 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 119, 2004</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/9644">Volume 119, Number 5, December 2004 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/9287">Volume 119, Number 4, September 2004 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/9056">Volume 119, Number 3, April 2004 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/8880">Volume 119, Number 2, March 2004 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/8848">Volume 119, Number 1 Supplement, January 2004 (Italian Issue Supplement)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/8847">Volume 119, Number 1, January 2004 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 118, 2003</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/6281">Volume 118, Number 5, December 2003 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/2873">Volume 118, Number 4, September 2003 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/2606">Volume 118, Number 3, April 2003 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/2546">Volume 118, Number 2, March 2003 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/2528">Volume 118, Number 1, January 2003 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 117, 2002</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/2395">Volume 117, Number 5, December 2002 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1325">Volume 117, Number 4, September 2002 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1324">Volume 117, Number 3, April 2002 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1323">Volume 117, Number 2, March 2002 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1322">Volume 117, Number 1, January 2002 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 116, 2001</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1321">Volume 116, Number 5, December 2001 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1320">Volume 116, Number 4, September 2001 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1319">Volume 116, Number 3, April 2001 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1318">Volume 116, Number 2, March 2001 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1317">Volume 116, Number 1, January 2001 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 115, 2000</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1316">Volume 115, Number 5, December 2000 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1315">Volume 115, Number 4, September 2000 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1314">Volume 115, Number 3, April 2000 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1313">Volume 115, Number 2, March 2000 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1312">Volume 115, Number 1, January 2000 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 114, 1999</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1311">Volume 114, Number 5, December 1999 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1310">Volume 114, Number 4, September 1999 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1309">Volume 114, Number 3, April 1999 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1308">Volume 114, Number 2, March 1999 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1307">Volume 114, Number 1, January 1999 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 113, 1998</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1305">Volume 113, Number 5, December 1998 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1304">Volume 113, Number 4, September 1998 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1303">Volume 113, Number 3, April 1998 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li 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Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1292">Volume 111, Number 4, September 1996 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1291">Volume 111, Number 3, April 1996 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1290">Volume 111, Number 2, March 1996 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1289">Volume 111, Number 1, January 1996 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 110, 1995</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1288">Volume 110, Number 5, December 1995 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1286">Volume 110, Number 4, September 1995 (Comparative Literature Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1285">Volume 110, Number 3, April 1995 (German Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1284">Volume 110, Number 2, March 1995 (Hispanic Issue)</a></span> </li> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1283">Volume 110, Number 1, January 1995 (Italian Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> <h3>Volume 108, 1993</h3> <ol> <li class="volume"> <span><a href="/issue/1282">Volume 108, Number 4, September 1993 (French Issue)</a></span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <!-- /issue list --> </div> <!-- rightnav here --> </div> </div> </div> <div id="info_wrap" class="row wrap" role="complementary"> <div class="column full"> <div class="title_wrap details"> <h3>Additional Information</h3> </div> <div class="details_tbl"> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> ISSN </div> <div class="cell"> 1080-6598 </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> Print ISSN </div> <div class="cell"> 0026-7910 </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div class="cell label"> Coverage Statement </div> <div class="cell"> Vol. 108, no. 4 (1993); Vol. 110 (1995) through current issue </div> </div> <div class="details_row"> <div 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