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<span>Exhibitions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exhibitions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Exhibitions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exhibitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rosc_'67" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosc_'67"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rosc '67</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosc_'67-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rosc_'71" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosc_'71"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Rosc '71</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosc_'71-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rosc_'77" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosc_'77"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Rosc '77</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosc_'77-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rosc_'80" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosc_'80"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Rosc '80</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosc_'80-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rosc_'84" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosc_'84"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Rosc '84</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosc_'84-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rosc_'88" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosc_'88"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Rosc '88</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosc_'88-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> 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class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Rosc</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">1967-1988</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;">Dublin, Ireland</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a series of art exhibitions. For return of spontaneous circulation, see <a href="/wiki/ROSC" class="mw-redirect" title="ROSC">ROSC</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Rosc</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ROSC-1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/ROSC-1967.jpg/220px-ROSC-1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a7/ROSC-1967.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="382" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rosc</b> was a series of international <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modern art</a> exhibitions held in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> approximately every 4 years between 1967 and 1988. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosc_(art_exhibition_series)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">rosc</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ɾˠɔsˠk]</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ROSK</span></i></a>) is from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a> for a short poem,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but for the art exhibitions is interpreted as "the poetry of vision". Architect <a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(architect)" title="Michael Scott (architect)">Michael Scott</a> started the project,<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and served as the chairman of the board until 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also championed by Taoiseach <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a>, who served as Honorary President and Vice-President of Rosc.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rosc is considered "pivotal" and "seismic" in the history of Irish art and was the first type of exhibition to place art of international significance in Ireland, long before there was a museum of modern art on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rosc drew crowds, however, the exhibitions, from beginning to end, were also known for their controversies.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The premiere edition was held in 1967. The Department of Education permitted all Irish schools to take time to visit the show; this innovative policy was continued through all the Rosc exhibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017 the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Irish Museum of Modern Art">Irish Museum of Modern Art</a>, with <a href="/wiki/NIVAL_(National_Irish_Visual_Arts_Library)" class="mw-redirect" title="NIVAL (National Irish Visual Arts Library)">NIVAL</a>, held a survey exhibition, titled <i>Rosc 50</i>, that presented numerous archival materials recounting the history and significance of Rosc.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto3_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosc_(art_exhibition_series)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Exhibitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rosc_'67"><span id="Rosc_.2767"></span>Rosc '67</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosc_(art_exhibition_series)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rosc '67"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosc '67 featured a juried exhibition of 150 works from 50 artists presented side-by-side Irish antiquities at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dublin_Society_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dublin Society Arena">Royal Dublin Society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ireland_%E2%80%93_Decorative_Arts_and_History" title="National Museum of Ireland – Decorative Arts and History">National Museum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jim_Dine" title="Jim Dine">Jim Dine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein" title="Roy Lichtenstein">Roy Lichtenstein</a> were some of the contemporary artists exhibited,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although no Irish artists were included in Rosc '67<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Gill" title="Brendan Gill">Brendan Gill</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> wrote that "Rosc is one of the boldest and most illuminating international exhibitions of modern art ever held... the new and the old salute each other over the centuries... Dublin has provided the ideal setting for their astonishing encounter."<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rosc_'71"><span id="Rosc_.2771"></span>Rosc '71</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosc_(art_exhibition_series)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rosc '71"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exhibition was held in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dublin_Society" title="Royal Dublin Society">Royal Dublin Society</a> and included <a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking art</a> alongside modern works of art. "The centrepiece of the main show [was] a steel sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Alexander Calder</a> from Philadelphia."<sup id="cite_ref-auto5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rosc_'77"><span id="Rosc_.2777"></span>Rosc '77</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosc_(art_exhibition_series)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rosc '77"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lane_Gallery" title="Hugh Lane Gallery">The Hugh Lane Gallery</a> exhibited recent works produced in the previous five years and the National Museum of Ireland exhibited historical works for Rosc '77.<sup id="cite_ref-auto5_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German painter <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Richter" title="Gerhard Richter">Gerhard Richter</a> exhibited works. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rosc_'80"><span id="Rosc_.2780"></span>Rosc '80</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosc_(art_exhibition_series)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rosc '80"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosc '80 was held in the School of Architecture <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a> at Earlsfort Terrace, and <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Ireland" title="National Gallery of Ireland">National Gallery of Ireland</a>. Artists included <a href="/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović">Marina Abramovic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulay" title="Ulay">Ulay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nam_June_Paik" title="Nam June Paik">Nam June Paik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Flanagan" title="Barry Flanagan">Barry Flannagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Andre" title="Carl Andre">Carl Andre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ballagh" title="Robert Ballagh">Robert Ballagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sol_LeWitt" title="Sol LeWitt">Sol LeWitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Scott_(artist)" title="Patrick Scott (artist)">Patrick Scott</a>, and numerous others. This edition featured the first ever performance of <i>Rest Energy</i> by Marina Abramović, "which involved Ulay holding a steel arrow pointed directly at Abramovic’s heart for four minutes."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A replica of the <a href="/wiki/Martello_tower" title="Martello tower">Martello Tower</a> that <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a> lived in was made with 5,000 loaves of bread by Argentinian <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">conceptual artist</a> <a href="/wiki/Marta_Minuj%C3%ADn" title="Marta Minujín">Marta Minujín</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rosc_'84"><span id="Rosc_.2784"></span>Rosc '84</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosc_(art_exhibition_series)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rosc '84"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The newly restored <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Brewery" title="Guinness Brewery">Guinness Hop Store</a> housed the exhibition for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location was lauded by art critic <a href="/wiki/Aidan_Dunne" title="Aidan Dunne">Aidan Dunne</a>, who suggested it should be a permanent venue.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Kelly" title="Ellsworth Kelly">Ellsworth Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Baselitz" title="Georg Baselitz">George Baselitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anselm_Kiefer" title="Anselm Kiefer">Anselm Kiefer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmar_Polke" title="Sigmar Polke">Sigmar Polke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_%26_George" title="Gilbert & George">Gilbert and George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Serra" title="Richard Serra">Richard Serra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Madden_(artist)" title="Anne Madden (artist)">Anne Madden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Brown" title="Deborah Brown">Deborah Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eilis_O%27Connell" title="Eilis O'Connell">Eilis O’Connell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schnabel" title="Julian Schnabel">Julian Schnabel</a> were notable among the exhibiting artists.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rosc_'88"><span id="Rosc_.2788"></span>Rosc '88</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosc_(art_exhibition_series)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rosc '88"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosc '88 was held again at the Guinness Hop Store, and at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hospital_Kilmainham" title="Royal Hospital Kilmainham">Royal Hospital Kilmainham</a> (preceding the opening of Irish Museum of Modern Art in the same building by three years).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosc_(art_exhibition_series)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The absence of any Irish artists in Rosc '67 and Rosc '71 was criticised.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was ongoing "agitation" to include Irish artists throughout Rosc's history,<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as more broadly about representation of Irish art.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The treatment and representation of women is considered a major shortcoming of the exhibitions. "Only four women were represented in ROSC 1967; five in ROSC 1971; none at all in 1977; and six in 1980. Irish women artists did not make it into ROSC until 1984."<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eimear O'Conner in <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a> writes that "the exhibitions ran with an ongoing [financial] deficit from the outset" and that persistent problems with financing pitted local artists against the expenses involved of shipping work in from international artists.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ancient Irish monuments that were moved for the first Rosc caused some controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 Irish artist <a href="/wiki/Sean_Lynch_(artist)" title="Sean Lynch (artist)">Sean Lynch</a> exhibited work at the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde_Gallery" title="Douglas Hyde Gallery">Douglas Hyde Gallery</a> about the relocation and presentation of the Tau Cross of <a href="/wiki/Kilnaboy" title="Kilnaboy">Kilnaboy</a> in Rosc '67.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosc_(art_exhibition_series)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Shortt, Peter. <i>The poetry of vision : the ROSC art exhibitions 1967-1988</i>. Newbridge, County Kildare: Irish Academic Press, 2016. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781911024293" title="Special:BookSources/9781911024293">9781911024293</a></li> <li><i>Rosc '84 : the poetry of vision.</i> Dublin: Rosc, 1984</li> <li><i>Rosc '71 : the poetry of vision</i>. Dublin: Trinity College, 1971. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780903547048" title="Special:BookSources/9780903547048">9780903547048</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosc_(art_exhibition_series)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rosc">"rosc - Wiktionary"</a>. <i>en.wiktionary.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.wiktionary.org&rft.atitle=rosc+-+Wiktionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2Frosc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosc+%28art+exhibition+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor" class="citation news cs1">O'Connor, Eimear. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/ireland-s-most-magnificently-controversial-art-exhibitions-1.2887598">"Ireland's most magnificently controversial art exhibitions"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Ireland%27s+most+magnificently+controversial+art+exhibitions&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Eimear&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fireland-s-most-magnificently-controversial-art-exhibitions-1.2887598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosc+%28art+exhibition+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/archives/2017/1205/925099-rosc_67_exhibition/">"Rosc '67 Exhibition"</a>. <i>RTÉ Archives</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=magill.ie&rft.atitle=ROSC+84+%7C+Magill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmagill.ie%2Farchive%2Frosc-84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosc+%28art+exhibition+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Artists, Art Critics, Art Historians, Curators, Museums, and Viewers", <i>Ideas about Art</i>, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 205–223, 20 April 2011, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444396010.ch14">10.1002/9781444396010.ch14</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9601-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9601-0"><bdi>978-1-4443-9601-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ideas+about+Art&rft.atitle=Artists%2C+Art+Critics%2C+Art+Historians%2C+Curators%2C+Museums%2C+and+Viewers&rft.pages=205-223&rft.date=2011-04-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781444396010.ch14&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-9601-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosc+%28art+exhibition+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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