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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutaganda&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutaganda">Rutaganda</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rwandan war criminal and militia leader</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Georges Rutaganda</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Rutaganda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ed/Georges_Rutaganda.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="150" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Georges Rutaganda</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1958-11-28</span>)</span>28 November 1958<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Commune Masango, Prefecture de Gitarama, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 October 2010<span style="display:none">(2010-10-11)</span> (aged 51)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Porto_Novo" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto Novo">Porto Novo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Deceased</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3 Children;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least one son</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity#Types_of_crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crime against Humanity (Extermination)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions#Common_Article_3_relating_to_non-international_armed_conflict_(NIAC)" title="Geneva Conventions"> Violations of Common Article 3 (Murder)</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">Life imprisonment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Date apprehended</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 October 1995</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Imprisoned at</th><td class="infobox-data">Akpro-Missérété prison (Benin)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda</b> (November 28, 1958 – October 11, 2010) was a Rwandan convicted war criminal and the second vice-president of the <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwandan</a> <a href="/wiki/Hutu" title="Hutu">Hutu</a> militia <i><a href="/wiki/Interahamwe" title="Interahamwe">Interahamwe</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rutaganda played a crucial role in the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan genocide</a> of 1994. Prosecutor James Stewart stated that "Without Georges Rutaganda, the Rwandan genocide would not have functioned the way it did."<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was on radio RTLM (<a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Libre_des_Mille_Collines" title="Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines">Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a> in 1994, encouraging Interahamwe Militia to exterminate all <a href="/wiki/Tutsi" title="Tutsi">Tutsis</a>. It was alleged that Rutaganda captured, raped, and tortured Tutsi women in Interahamwe hideouts in Kigali. Other accounts state that Rutaganda captured Tutsi prostitutes, believing them to be <a href="/wiki/Witch" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch">witches</a>. </p><p>During this time, Rutaganda was reported to supply his militia with stolen supplies from the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Rwanda">Rwandan military</a>. Rutaganda was arrested on October 10, 1995, and transferred to <a href="/wiki/Arusha" title="Arusha">Arusha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, on May 26, 1996. He was sentenced to life imprisonment for <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>. </p><p>He died from illness in <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, where he was serving his sentence, on October 11, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Rutaganda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rutaganda was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Kae-Kazim" title="Hakeem Kae-Kazim">Hakeem Kae-Kazim</a> in the historical drama film <i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Rwanda" title="Hotel Rwanda">Hotel Rwanda</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Rutaganda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucr.irmct.org/LegalRef/CMSDocStore/Public/English/Judgement/NotIndexable/ICTR-96-03/MSC17328R0000620659.PDF#page=165">"The Prosecutor v. Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IRMCT</i>. ICTR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IRMCT&rft.atitle=The+Prosecutor+v.+Georges+Anderson+Nderubumwe+Rutaganda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fucr.irmct.org%2FLegalRef%2FCMSDocStore%2FPublic%2FEnglish%2FJudgement%2FNotIndexable%2FICTR-96-03%2FMSC17328R0000620659.PDF%23page%3D165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Rutaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucr.irmct.org/LegalRef/CMSDocStore/Public/English/Judgement/NotIndexable/ICTR-96-03/MSC18282R0000621975.PDF#page=173">"Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda v. The Prosecutor"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IRMCT</i>. ICTR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IRMCT&rft.atitle=Georges+Anderson+Nderubumwe+Rutaganda+v.+The+Prosecutor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fucr.irmct.org%2FLegalRef%2FCMSDocStore%2FPublic%2FEnglish%2FJudgement%2FNotIndexable%2FICTR-96-03%2FMSC18282R0000621975.PDF%23page%3D173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Rutaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/bedcc9/pdf/">"Rutaganda - DECISION ON RUTAGANDA'S PENDING MOTIONS"</a>. <i>Legal Tools</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legal+Tools&rft.atitle=Rutaganda+-+DECISION+ON+RUTAGANDA%E2%80%99S+PENDING+MOTIONS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legal-tools.org%2Fdoc%2Fbedcc9%2Fpdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Rutaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucr.irmct.org/LegalRef/CMSDocStore/Public/English/Judgement/NotIndexable/ICTR-96-03/MSC17328R0000620659.PDF#page=172">"The Prosecutor v. Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IRMCT</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IRMCT&rft.atitle=The+Prosecutor+v.+Georges+Anderson+Nderubumwe+Rutaganda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fucr.irmct.org%2FLegalRef%2FCMSDocStore%2FPublic%2FEnglish%2FJudgement%2FNotIndexable%2FICTR-96-03%2FMSC17328R0000620659.PDF%23page%3D172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Rutaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDes_Forges1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alison_Des_Forges" title="Alison Des Forges">Des Forges, Alison</a> (March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno4-7-03.htm"><i>Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda – The Organization → The Militia</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56432-171-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-56432-171-1"><bdi>1-56432-171-1</bdi></a>. <q>Phénéas Ruhumuriza, first vice-president, George Rutaganda, second vice president...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leave+None+to+Tell+the+Story%3A+Genocide+in+Rwanda+%E2%80%93+The+Organization+%E2%86%92+The+Militia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=1999-03&rft.isbn=1-56432-171-1&rft.aulast=Des+Forges&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Flegacy%2Freports%2F1999%2Frwanda%2FGeno4-7-03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Rutaganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180723220001/https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/georges-anderson-nderubumwe-rutaganda/">"Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda"</a>. TRIAL International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/georges-anderson-nderubumwe-rutaganda/">the original</a> on 2018-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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