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Nintendo</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:USDCSDNY.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/USDCSDNY.svg/180px-USDCSDNY.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/USDCSDNY.svg/270px-USDCSDNY.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/USDCSDNY.svg/360px-USDCSDNY.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="138" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full case name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i> Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd. </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decided</th><td class="infobox-data">December 22, 1983</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citation</th><td class="infobox-data">578 F. Supp. 911</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Court membership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge sitting</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Sweet" title="Robert W. Sweet">Robert W. Sweet</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.</b></i> was a 1983 legal case heard by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a> by Judge <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Sweet" title="Robert W. Sweet">Robert W. Sweet</a>. In their complaint, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios,_Inc." title="Universal Studios, Inc.">Universal Studios</a> alleged that <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s video game <i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donkey Kong (arcade game)">Donkey Kong</a></i> was a <a href="/wiki/Trademark_infringement" title="Trademark infringement">trademark infringement</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(franchise)" title="King Kong (franchise)">King Kong</a></i>, the plot and characters of which Universal claimed as their own. Nintendo argued that Universal had themselves proven that <i>King Kong</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s plot and characters were in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._RKO_General,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Universal City Studios, Inc. v. RKO General, Inc.">Universal City Studios, Inc. v. RKO General, Inc.</a></i> </p><p>Sweet ruled that Universal had acted in <a href="/wiki/Bad_faith" title="Bad faith">bad faith</a> by threatening Nintendo's licensees and that it had no right over the name <i>King Kong</i> or the characters and story. He further held that there was no possibility for consumers to confuse Nintendo's game and characters with the <i>King Kong</i> films and their characters. Universal <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appealed</a> the case, but the verdict was upheld. The case was a major victory for Nintendo, which was still a newcomer to the U.S. market. The case established Nintendo as a major player in the industry and arguably gave the company the confidence that it could compete with the giants of American media.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1982, <a href="/wiki/Sid_Sheinberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sid Sheinberg">Sid Sheinberg</a>, the president of <a href="/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc.">MCA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios,_Inc." title="Universal Studios, Inc.">Universal City Studios</a> and a seasoned attorney, was trying to find a way to get his company into the booming video game market.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April, he learned of the success of Nintendo's <i>Donkey Kong</i> video game and sent Robert Hadl, vice president of legislative matters, to investigate. Hadl's analysis was that <i>Donkey Kong</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s storyline was based on that of <i>King Kong</i> and was thus an infringement of Universal's rights to that film's characters and scenario.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheinberg also learned of a <a href="/wiki/License" title="License">licensing</a> agreement between <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a>, a producer of <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">home video game consoles</a>. Sheinberg scheduled a meeting with Coleco president <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Greenberg_(Coleco)" title="Arnold Greenberg (Coleco)">Arnold Greenberg</a> on April 27, ostensibly to discuss possible investment in Coleco. Instead, Universal admonished Greenberg for <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> and threatened to sue if the <a href="/wiki/ColecoVision" title="ColecoVision">ColecoVision</a> shipped with <i>Donkey Kong</i> as planned. The next day, Universal <a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">telexed</a> Coleco and Nintendo giving them 48 hours to cease marketing <i>Donkey Kong</i>, to dispose of all <i>Donkey Kong</i> inventory, and to hand over all records of profits made from the game.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_212_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_212-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 5, Greenberg agreed to pay Universal <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalties</a> of 3% of <i>Donkey Kong</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s net sale price, amounting to six million units and worth about $4.6 million.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A week later, he signed an agreement that stated that Universal would not sue Coleco as long as Coleco paid royalties.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_212_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_212-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Hadl learned that <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Electronics" title="Tiger Electronics">Tiger Electronics</a> had licensed <i>King Kong</i> for a <a href="/wiki/Handheld_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Handheld video game">handheld game</a>. He decided that Universal's earnings from it were too low and that the license's granting of exclusive rights to Tiger would impede the agreement with Coleco. On May 4, Sheinberg sent Tiger a <a href="/wiki/Mailgram" title="Mailgram">mailgram</a> demanding that they send their game in for further approval.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_213_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_213-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Universal reviewed it and decided that <i>King Kong</i> was too similar to <i>Donkey Kong</i>. On May 8, Sheinberg revoked Tiger's license, but Tiger president O. R. Rissman refused to give in and challenged Universal's claim that it owned the <i>King Kong</i> name.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_214_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_214-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nintendo's attorney (and future board member) <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lincoln" title="Howard Lincoln">Howard Lincoln</a> was at first inclined to settle for $5–7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, however, he decided to fight, reassuring the head of the company's U.S. division, <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Arakawa" title="Minoru Arakawa">Minoru Arakawa</a>, that this was a sign that Nintendo had made it big.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 6, Arakawa and Lincoln met with Coleco and Universal in Los Angeles. Hadl reiterated his stance that <i>Donkey Kong</i> infringed Universal's rights to <i>King Kong</i>. Lincoln countered that Nintendo had discovered many unlicensed uses of <i>King Kong</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s name and characters and that Universal's trademark on these was less than 10 years old. In private, Greenberg tried to persuade Nintendo to sign a licensing agreement; he had not told them that he had already done so.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_213_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_213-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the meeting, Hadl agreed to send a <a href="/wiki/Chain_of_title" title="Chain of title">chain of title</a> to Nintendo regarding Universal's ownership of the <i>King Kong</i> name. When this failed to materialize in the next few weeks, Lincoln prodded Universal again. They responded with more demands for <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_214_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_214-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lincoln researched the merits of Universal's claims to <i>King Kong</i> and deemed them untenable.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_215_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_215-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nintendo called for another meeting, which was set up for May 21. Believing that Nintendo was finally caving,<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_214_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_214-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sheinberg intimated that Nintendo might expect future business from Universal if they agreed to settle the matter. Lincoln only repeated Nintendo's position that Universal had no legal basis to make any threats.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_215_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_215-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He recalled later: </p> <blockquote><p>Mr. Arakawa and I decided that we would go down and simply tell him [Sheinberg] that we've come to tell you to your face that we would pay you if we thought we were liable, but we had done our homework and we were not prepared to pay anything because we hadn't done anything wrong. We just wanted to essentially look him in the face and tell him that. It seemed the honorable thing to do. As it turned out, maybe Hadl had led him to believe that we had come down to reach some sort of monetary settlement with him. And it was really funny because it was not what he was expecting and his reaction was shock.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Knowing that a court battle lay ahead, Hadl contacted Rissman, the errant Tiger licensee, to compromise on the handheld <i>King Kong</i> game. Hadl wanted to remove the exclusivity provision of the license and to distinguish the handheld game from <i>Donkey Kong</i> so as to weaken any potential counterclaims that one of Universal's licensees had violated Nintendo's <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> rights. Rissman complied, giving the hero a fireman hat, replacing barrel graphics with bombs, and making the game platforms straight instead of crooked. This design was approved in early June.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_215_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_215-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_District_court_decision">First District court decision</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First District court decision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 29, 1982, Universal officially sued Nintendo. The company also announced that it had agreed to license the rights to <i>King Kong</i> to Coleco. On January 3, 1983, Universal then sent <a href="/wiki/Cease_and_desist" title="Cease and desist">cease-and-desist</a> letters to Nintendo's licensees offering three options: stop using <i>Donkey Kong</i> characters, obtain a license from Universal, or be sued. Six licensees caved, but <a href="/wiki/Milton_Bradley_Company" title="Milton Bradley Company">Milton Bradley</a> refused to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina_PetCare" title="Nestlé Purina PetCare">Ralston Purina</a>'s offer of $5,000 for the use of <i>Donkey Kong</i> characters on breakfast cereal was turned down, they also refused to settle.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lincoln hired <a href="/wiki/John_Kirby_(attorney)" title="John Kirby (attorney)">John Kirby</a> to represent Nintendo in court. Kirby had won other big cases for the likes of <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="PepsiCo, Inc.">PepsiCo.</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Foods" title="General Foods">General Foods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Warner-Lambert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby researched the game's development, taking <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(law)" title="Deposition (law)">depositions</a> from designer <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a> and Nintendo president <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Yamauchi" title="Hiroshi Yamauchi">Hiroshi Yamauchi</a> in Japan. Miyamoto claimed that he had in fact called his ape character King Kong at first, as that was a generic term in Japan for any large ape.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo, Co., Ltd.</i> was heard at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a> by Judge Robert W. Sweet. The trial lasted seven days, during which Universal, represented by the New York firm Townley & Updike, argued that the name <i>Donkey Kong</i> could be confused with <i>King Kong</i> and that the plot of the game was an infringement on that of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby showed key differences between <i>Donkey Kong</i> and <i>King Kong</i>. He also alleged that Universal had no rights to the <i>King Kong</i> characters and that they had in fact successfully sued <a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Pictures</a> in 1975 in <i><a href="/wiki/Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._RKO_General,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Universal City Studios, Inc. v. RKO General, Inc.">Universal City Studios, Inc. v. RKO General, Inc.</a></i>, wherein they proved that the plot of <i>King Kong</i> was in the public domain (by way of the original film's Novelisation) and thus opened the way for <a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a>' <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">remake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_217_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_217-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sweet ruled that Universal did not have any trademark in <i>King Kong</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because <i>King Kong</i> did not designate a single source, and even if <i>King Kong</i> was a Universal trademark, the possibility that anyone would confuse <i>Donkey Kong</i> and <i>King Kong</i> was unlikely. In his opinion, <i>Donkey Kong</i> was "comical" and the ape character "farcical, childlike and nonsexual". The King Kong character, on the other hand, was "a ferocious gorilla in quest of a beautiful woman". Sweet declared that "at best, Donkey Kong is a <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parody</a> of King Kong".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_appeal">First appeal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First appeal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Universal appealed the verdict to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a>. Nintendo and Universal argued the appeals case on May 23, 1984. As evidence of consumer confusion, Universal presented the results of a telephone survey of 150 managers and owners of arcades, bowling alleys, and pizza restaurants who owned or leased <i>Donkey Kong</i> machines. To the question "To the best of your knowledge, was the <i>Donkey Kong</i> game made with the approval or under the authority of the people who produce the <i>King Kong</i> movies?", 18% of those surveyed answered in the affirmative, but to the question "As far as you know, who makes <i>Donkey Kong</i>?", no one named Universal.<sup id="cite_ref-SCOA_118_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCOA_118-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Universal argued that this was enough evidence to show that consumers were confused about the distinction between the two names. </p><p>They also provided six examples from print media of more cases of confusion between <i>Donkey Kong</i> and <i>King Kong</i>. The October 1982 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Videogaming_Illustrated" title="Videogaming Illustrated">Videogaming Illustrated</a></i>, for example, was shown to read "our Donkey Kong presentation continues as we look at other gorillas who have had a fondness for women. Prominent among them is King Kong, who has much in common with the video villain". Another example was Craig Kubey's 1982 <i>The Winner's Book of Video Games</i>, which states that "Donkey Kong [is] a video version of the film classic <i>King Kong</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its decision on October 4, the court upheld the previous verdict.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They declared that "the two properties have nothing in common but a gorilla, a captive woman, a male rescuer, and a building scenario". Further, the court ruled that "the 'Kong' and 'King Kong' names are widely used by the general public and are associated with apes and other objects of enormous proportions".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for Universal's survey, the court found it unconvincing, as Universal did not own the "image . . . of King Kong climbing the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a>/<a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> with <a href="/wiki/Fay_Wray" title="Fay Wray">Fay Wray</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jessica_Lange" title="Jessica Lange">Jessica Lange</a> in his paw" and that by only soliciting opinions from people who already had <i>Donkey Kong</i> games, the survey failed to establish confusion from <i>potential</i> customers. Finally, the survey asked "an obvious leading question in that it suggested its own answer".<sup id="cite_ref-SCOA_118_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCOA_118-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding Universal's printed examples, the court found that: </p> <blockquote><p>The statements cited by Universal recognize that the Donkey Kong theme loosely evokes the King Kong films. However, none of the statements remotely suggests that the authors were under the impression that Donkey Kong was connected with the company holding the King Kong trademark.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The court agreed that some consumers were confused about the two marks: "However, the fact that there may be a few confused consumers does not create a sufficiently disputed issue of fact regarding the likelihood of confusion so as to make summary judgment improper".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Counterclaims_and_second_appeal">Counterclaims and second appeal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Counterclaims and second appeal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nintendo filed its <a href="/wiki/Counterclaim" title="Counterclaim">counterclaims</a> on May 20, 1985. </p><p>Sweet ruled the <a href="/wiki/Cease_and_desist" title="Cease and desist">cease-and-desist letters</a> that Universal had sent to Nintendo's licensees gave the game company the right to seek damages, and so Universal would pay Nintendo $1.8 million for "legal fees, photocopying expenses, costs incurred creating graphs and charts, and lost revenues".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Sweet chastised Universal for bringing this bad faith lawsuit:</p><blockquote><p>Throughout this litigation, Universal knew, as a result of the RKO litigation, that it had no rights to any visual image of King Kong from the classic movie or its remake. Nonetheless, Universal, when it seemed beneficial, made sweeping assertions of rights, attempting to extract license agreements from companies incapable of or unwilling to confront Universal's "profit center".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Nintendo was given the option to either take Universal's licensing profits for their game or accept <a href="/wiki/Statutory_damages" title="Statutory damages">statutory damages</a>. Nintendo opted for the former, receiving $56,689.41.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_217_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_217-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nintendo also received damages and attorney's fees. </p><p> Sweet also ruled that Tiger's <i>King Kong</i> was an infringement of <i>Donkey Kong</i>:</p><blockquote><p><i>Donkey Kong</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s particular expression of a gorilla villain and a <a href="/wiki/Mario" title="Mario">carpenter hero</a> (with or without a fire hat) who must dodge various obstacles (whether bombs or fireballs) while climbing up ladders (whether complete or broken) and picking up prizes (umbrellas or purses) to rescue a fair-haired (whether knotted or pigtailed) hostage from the gorilla is protractible against Universal and its licensees.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>He ruled against Nintendo's claims to damages from Universal establishing licenses with Nintendo's licensees in those cases where the licensees continued to pay Nintendo.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nintendo's licensees, Coleco among them, filed their own counterclaims. Universal paid Coleco by buying stock in the company.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Universal and Nintendo both appealed the counterclaims suit. The case was argued on June 16, 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the decision, rendered on July 15, the court upheld the previous verdicts, ruling that: </p> <blockquote><p>First, Universal knew that it did not have trademark rights to King Kong, yet it proceeded to broadly assert such rights anyway. This amounted to a wanton and reckless disregard of Nintendo's rights. </p><p>Second, Universal did not stop after it asserted its rights to Nintendo. It embarked on a deliberate, systematic campaign to coerce all of Nintendo's third party licensees to either stop marketing Donkey Kong products or pay Universal royalties. </p><p> Finally, Universal's conduct amounted to an abuse of judicial process, and in that sense caused a longer harm to the public as a whole. Depending on the commercial results, Universal alternatively argued to the courts, first, that King Kong was a part of the public domain, and then second, that King Kong was not part of the public domain, and that Universal possessed exclusive trademark rights in it. Universal's assertions in court were based not on any good faith belief in their truth, but on the mistaken belief that it could use the courts to turn a profit.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Nintendo thanked John Kirby with a $30,000 sailboat christened the <i>Donkey Kong</i> along with "exclusive worldwide rights to use the name for sailboats".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kirby_(character)" title="Kirby (character)">title character</a> in Nintendo's <i><a href="/wiki/Kirby_(character)" title="Kirby (character)">Kirby</a></i> series of video games was named after John Kirby, in honor of his services in the <i>Donkey Kong</i> case.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirby's_name_origin_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirby's_name_origin-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is rumored that a copy of the first game in the franchise, <i><a href="/wiki/Kirby%27s_Dream_Land" title="Kirby's Dream Land">Kirby's Dream Land</a></i>, was eventually sent to John Kirby who was humored and flattered.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nadia Oxford of <a href="/wiki/1UP.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1UP.com">1UP.com</a> concluded that Nintendo's legal victory allowed their up-and-coming company to establish a foothold in America, as well as preparing them for future <a href="/wiki/Atari_Games_Corp._v._Nintendo_of_America_Inc." title="Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America Inc.">legal battles with Atari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_protection_for_fictional_characters" title="Copyright protection for fictional characters">Copyright protection for fictional characters</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Galoob_Toys,_Inc._v._Nintendo_of_America,_Inc." title="Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.">Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheff 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheff 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kent 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kent_212-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_212_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_212_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kent 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheff 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kent_213-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_213_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_213_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kent 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kent_214-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_214_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_214_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_214_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kent 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheff 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheff 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kent_215-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_215_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_215_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_215_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kent 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Kent 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kent 215–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Court of Appeals, 1986, 74–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheff 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheff 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Court of Appeals, 1986, 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kent_217-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_217_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kent_217_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kent 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheff 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/universal-city-studios-v-nintendo-co">578 F. Supp. 911</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">S.D.N.Y.</a> 1983-12-22).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCOA_118-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SCOA_118_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCOA_118_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Court of Appeals, 1984, 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both quoted in Second Court of Appeals, 1984, 120 note 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/universal-city-studios-inc-v-nintendo-co">746 F.2d 112</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">2d Cir.</a> 1984-10-04).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Court of Appeals, 1984, 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Court of Appeals, 1984, 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Court of Appeals, 1984, 120 note 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/universal-city-studios-inc-v-nintendo">615 F. Supp. 838</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">S.D.N.Y.</a> 1985-07-29).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Kent 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Kent 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Kent 217–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Court of Appeals, 1986, 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kent 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Court of Appeals, 1986, 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/universal-city-studios-v-nintendo-co-ltd">797 F.2d 70</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">2d Cir.</a> 1986-07-15).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Court of Appeals, 1986, 77–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Sheff 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirby's_name_origin-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirby's_name_origin_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZablotny,_Marc2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Zablotny, Marc (September 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120924055013/http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/42153/how-did-mario-get-his-name-and-the-origins-of-your-favourite-nintendo-stars/?page=6">"How did your favourite Nintendo characters get their names?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Official_Nintendo_Magazine" title="Official Nintendo Magazine">Official Nintendo Magazine</a></i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2011/06/17/miyamoto-wii-amp-wii-u-are-colored-white-for-all-ages-appeal.aspx">the original</a> on August 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1UP.com&rft.atitle=History+of+Videogame+Lawsuits+from+1UP.com&rft.date=2005-12-14&rft.aulast=Oxford&rft.aufirst=Nadia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Fdo%2Ffeature%3Fpager.offset%3D1%26cId%3D3146206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+City+Studios%2C+Inc.+v.+Nintendo+Co.%2C+Ltd." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_L._Kent" title="Steven L. Kent">Kent, Steven L.</a> (2001). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ultimate_History_of_Video_Games:_From_Pong_to_Pok%C3%A9mon_and_Beyond-_The_Story_behind_the_Craze_that_Touched_Our_Lives_and_Changed_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon and Beyond- The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World">The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon and Beyond- The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World</a></i>. Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games%3A+From+Pong+to+Pok%C3%A9mon+and+Beyond-+The+Story+behind+the+Craze+that+Touched+Our+Lives+and+Changed+the+World&rft.place=Roseville%2C+California&rft.pub=Prima+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+City+Studios%2C+Inc.+v.+Nintendo+Co.%2C+Ltd." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheff1999" class="citation book cs1">Sheff, David (1999). <i>Game Over: Press Start to Continue: The Maturing of Mario</i>. Wilton, Connecticut: GamePress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Game+Over%3A+Press+Start+to+Continue%3A+The+Maturing+of+Mario&rft.place=Wilton%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=GamePress&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Sheff&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+City+Studios%2C+Inc.+v.+Nintendo+Co.%2C+Ltd." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cube.ign.com/articles/096/096047p1.html">"Smash Profile: Kirby"</a>. IGN. June 22, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smash+Profile%3A+Kirby&rft.pub=IGN&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcube.ign.com%2Farticles%2F096%2F096047p1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversal+City+Studios%2C+Inc.+v.+Nintendo+Co.%2C+Ltd." class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/issues/issue_119/2539-The-King-and-the-Donkey">The King and the Donkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121118233828/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/issues/issue_119/2539-The-King-and-the-Donkey">Archived</a> 2012-11-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nintendo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nintendo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nintendo Co., Ltd.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusajiro_Yamauchi" title="Fusajiro Yamauchi">Fusajiro Yamauchi</a> (1889–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekiryo_Kaneda" title="Sekiryo Kaneda">Sekiryo Kaneda</a> (1929–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Yamauchi" title="Hiroshi Yamauchi">Hiroshi Yamauchi</a> (1949–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satoru_Iwata" title="Satoru Iwata">Satoru Iwata</a> (2002–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatsumi_Kimishima" title="Tatsumi Kimishima">Tatsumi Kimishima</a> (2015–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuntaro_Furukawa" title="Shuntaro Furukawa">Shuntaro Furukawa</a> (2018–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nintendo of America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoru_Arakawa" title="Minoru Arakawa">Minoru Arakawa</a> (1980–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatsumi_Kimishima" title="Tatsumi Kimishima">Tatsumi Kimishima</a> (2002–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggie_Fils-Aim%C3%A9" title="Reggie Fils-Aimé">Reggie Fils-Aimé</a> (2006–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Bowser" title="Doug Bowser">Doug Bowser</a> (2019–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koji_Kondo" title="Koji Kondo">Koji Kondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshio_Sakamoto" title="Yoshio Sakamoto">Yoshio Sakamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadashi_Sugiyama" title="Tadashi Sugiyama">Tadashi Sugiyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuhisa_Yamamura" title="Yasuhisa Yamamura">Yasuhisa Yamamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Tezuka" title="Takashi Tezuka">Takashi Tezuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akito_Nakatsuka" title="Akito Nakatsuka">Akito Nakatsuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensuke_Tanabe" title="Kensuke Tanabe">Kensuke Tanabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Konno" title="Hideki Konno">Hideki Konno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Sugino" title="Kenichi Sugino">Kenichi Sugino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satoru_Shibata" title="Satoru Shibata">Satoru Shibata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenji_Yamamoto_(composer,_born_1964)" title="Kenji Yamamoto (composer, born 1964)">Kenji Yamamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroji_Kiyotake" title="Hiroji Kiyotake">Hiroji Kiyotake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsuya_Eguchi" title="Katsuya Eguchi">Katsuya Eguchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshiaki_Koizumi" title="Yoshiaki Koizumi">Yoshiaki Koizumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiji_Aonuma" title="Eiji Aonuma">Eiji Aonuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigefumi_Hino" title="Shigefumi Hino">Shigefumi Hino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroyuki_Kimura" title="Hiroyuki Kimura">Hiroyuki Kimura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru_Minegishi" title="Toru Minegishi">Toru Minegishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazumi_Totaka" title="Kazumi Totaka">Kazumi Totaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahito_Yokota" title="Mahito Yokota">Mahito Yokota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risa_Tabata" title="Risa Tabata">Risa Tabata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aya_Kyogoku" title="Aya Kyogoku">Aya Kyogoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidemaro_Fujibayashi" title="Hidemaro Fujibayashi">Hidemaro Fujibayashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Trinen" title="Bill Trinen">Bill Trinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takayoshi_Sato" title="Takayoshi Sato">Takayoshi Sato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genyo_Takeda" title="Genyo Takeda">Genyo Takeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masayuki_Uemura" title="Masayuki Uemura">Masayuki Uemura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dichi_Kotabe" title="Yōichi Kotabe">Yōichi Kotabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirokazu_Tanaka" title="Hirokazu Tanaka">Hirokazu Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satoru_Okada" title="Satoru Okada">Satoru Okada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpei_Yokoi" title="Gunpei Yokoi">Gunpei Yokoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirokazu_Yasuhara" title="Hirokazu Yasuhara">Hirokazu Yasuhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takaya_Imamura" title="Takaya Imamura">Takaya Imamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Goddard_(video_game_programmer)" title="Giles Goddard (video game programmer)">Giles Goddard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_products" title="List of Nintendo products">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_games_on_Nintendo_consoles" title="Lists of games on Nintendo consoles">Video games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_mobile_games" title="Nintendo mobile games">mobile games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_video_game_consoles" title="Nintendo video game consoles">Consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_controllers" title="List of Nintendo controllers">Controllers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Nintendo_characters" title="Lists of Nintendo characters">Characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Toys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Love_Tester" title="Love Tester">Love Tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Tumbler_Puzzle" title="Nintendo Tumbler Puzzle">Nintendo Tumbler Puzzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Hand" title="Ultra Hand">Ultra Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Machine" title="Ultra Machine">Ultra Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alarmo" title="Alarmo">Alarmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Music" title="Nintendo Music">Nintendo Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_eShop" title="Nintendo eShop">Nintendo eShop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Network" title="Nintendo Network">Nintendo Network</a></li> <li>Nintendo Network Services</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Nintendo" title="Club Nintendo">Club Nintendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Account" title="Nintendo Account">Nintendo Account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Nintendo" title="My Nintendo">My Nintendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_Online" title="Nintendo Switch Online">Nintendo Switch Online</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_development_teams" title="List of Nintendo development teams">Software divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_Planning_%26_Development" title="Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development">Entertainment Planning & Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Platform_Technology_Development" title="Nintendo Platform Technology Development">Platform Technology Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Fun_Club" title="Nintendo Fun Club">Nintendo Fun Club</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_La_Rivista_Ufficiale" title="Nintendo La Rivista Ufficiale">Nintendo La Rivista Ufficiale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Magazine_System_(Australia)" title="Nintendo Magazine System (Australia)">Nintendo Magazine System</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Player%27s_Guide" title="Nintendo Player's Guide">Nintendo Player's Guide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Power" title="Nintendo Power">Nintendo Power</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_World" title="Nintendo World">Nintendo World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Official_Nintendo_Magazine" title="Official Nintendo Magazine">Official Nintendo Magazine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Hyrule" title="Camp Hyrule">Camp Hyrule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Tetris_World_Championship" title="Classic Tetris World Championship">Classic <i>Tetris</i> World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iwata_Asks_interviews" title="List of Iwata Asks interviews">Iwata Asks interviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Campus_Challenge" title="Nintendo Campus Challenge">Nintendo Campus Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Direct" title="Nintendo Direct">Nintendo Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_PowerFest_%2794" title="Nintendo PowerFest '94">Nintendo PowerFest '94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_World_Championships" title="Nintendo World Championships">Nintendo World Championships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_World_Championships:_NES_Edition" title="Nintendo World Championships: NES Edition"><i>NES Edition</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_New_York" title="Nintendo New York">Nintendo New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigureden" class="mw-redirect" title="Shigureden">Shigureden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_World" title="Super Nintendo World">Super Nintendo World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Museum" title="Nintendo Museum">Nintendo Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Aquarium" title="Montreal Aquarium">Nintendo Mégadôme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nintendo" title="History of Nintendo">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_data_leak" title="Nintendo data leak">Data leak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_marketing" title="Nintendo marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Selects" title="Nintendo Selects">Nintendo Selects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Space_World" title="Nintendo Space World">Nintendo Space World</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_protection_by_Nintendo" title="Intellectual property protection by Nintendo">Intellectual property protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergsala" title="Bergsala">Bergsala</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_Legends_%E2%80%93_Music_from_Nintendo" title="Symphonic Legends – Music from Nintendo">Symphonic Legends – Music from Nintendo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="King_Kong" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:King_Kong" title="Template:King Kong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:King_Kong" title="Template talk:King Kong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:King_Kong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:King Kong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="King_Kong" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(franchise)" title="King Kong (franchise)">King Kong</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong">King Kong</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kong_(Monsterverse)" title="Kong (Monsterverse)">Monsterverse</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Denham" title="Carl Denham">Carl Denham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Driscoll_(character)" title="Jack Driscoll (character)">Jack Driscoll</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Godzilla" title="Godzilla">Godzilla</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(Monsterverse)" title="Godzilla (Monsterverse)">Monsterverse</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">American films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong</a></i> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Kong" title="Son of Kong">Son of Kong</a></i> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">King Kong</a></i> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Lives" title="King Kong Lives">King Kong Lives</a></i> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a></i> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Kong:_Skull_Island" title="Kong: Skull Island">Kong: Skull Island</a></i> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Kong" title="Godzilla vs. Kong">Godzilla vs. Kong</a></i> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_x_Kong:_The_New_Empire" title="Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire">Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire</a></i> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Kong" title="The Mighty Kong">The Mighty Kong</a></i> (1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Toho Co., Ltd</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Godzilla" title="King Kong vs. Godzilla">King Kong vs. Godzilla</a></i> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Escapes" title="King Kong Escapes">King Kong Escapes</a></i> (1967)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unauthorized/lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Wasei_Kingu_Kongu" title="Wasei Kingu Kongu">Wasei Kingu Kongu</a></i> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_King_Kong_That_Appeared_in_Edo" title="The King Kong That Appeared in Edo">The King Kong That Appeared in Edo</a></i> (1938)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World_(1925_film)" title="The Lost World (1925 film)">The Lost World</a></i> (1925)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ingagi" title="Ingagi">Ingagi</a></i> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Creation_(unfinished_film)" title="Creation (unfinished film)">Creation</a></i> (1931, unfinished)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mighty_Joe_Young_(1949_film)" title="Mighty Joe Young (1949 film)">Mighty Joe Young</a></i> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Konga_(film)" title="Konga (film)">Konga</a></i> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Gorga" title="The Mighty Gorga">The Mighty Gorga</a></i> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mighty_Joe_Young_(1998_film)" title="Mighty Joe Young (1998 film)">Mighty Joe Young</a></i> (1998)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">Ready Player One</a></i> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_King_of_the_Monsters_(2019_film)" title="Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019 film)">Godzilla: King of the Monsters</a></i> (2019)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_King_Kong_Show" title="The King Kong Show">The King Kong Show</a></i> (1966–1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Kong:_The_Animated_Series" title="Kong: The Animated Series">Kong: The Animated Series</a></i> (2000–2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Kong:_King_of_the_Apes" title="Kong: King of the Apes">Kong: King of the Apes</a></i> (2016–2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Skull_Island_(TV_series)" title="Skull Island (TV series)">Skull Island</a></i> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2013_musical)" title="King Kong (2013 musical)">King Kong</a></i> (2013)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kong_(ride)" title="Kong (ride)">Kong</a> (1972; rebuilt 2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Encounter" title="King Kong Encounter">King Kong Encounter</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kongfrontation" title="Kongfrontation">Kongfrontation</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong:_360_3-D" title="King Kong: 360 3-D">King Kong: 360 3-D</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Skull_Island:_Reign_of_Kong" title="Skull Island: Reign of Kong">Skull Island: Reign of Kong</a> (2016)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(Atari_2600)" title="King Kong (Atari 2600)">King Kong</a></i> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_2:_Ikari_no_Megaton_Punch" title="King Kong 2: Ikari no Megaton Punch">King Kong 2: Ikari no Megaton Punch</a></i> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_2:_Yomigaeru_Densetsu" title="King Kong 2: Yomigaeru Densetsu">King Kong 2: Yomigaeru Densetsu</a></i> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Konami_Wai_Wai_World" title="Konami Wai Wai World">Konami Wai Wai World</a></i> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_video_game)" title="King Kong (2005 video game)">Peter Jackson's King Kong: The Official Game of the Movie</a></i> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Skull_Island:_Rise_of_Kong" title="Skull Island: Rise of Kong">Skull Island: Rise of Kong</a></i> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_in_popular_culture" title="King Kong in popular culture">King Kong in popular culture</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(comics)" title="King Kong (comics)">Comics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_statue" title="King Kong statue">King Kong statue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Skull_Island_(King_Kong)" title="Skull Island (King Kong)">Skull Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Tarzan" title="King Kong vs. Tarzan">King Kong vs. Tarzan</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Monsterverse" title="Monsterverse">Monsterverse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(franchise)" title="Godzilla (franchise)"><i>Godzilla</i> (franchise)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tarzan_and_Jane_(TV_series)" title="Tarzan and Jane (TV series)"><i>Tarzan and Jane</i>, "Return of the King"</a> (2018)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:King_Kong_(franchise)" title="Category:King Kong (franchise)">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Donkey_Kong" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Donkey_Kong" title="Template:Donkey Kong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Donkey_Kong" title="Template talk:Donkey Kong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Donkey_Kong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Donkey Kong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Donkey_Kong" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong" title="Donkey Kong">Donkey Kong</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donkey_Kong_video_games" title="List of Donkey Kong video games">List of video games</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Original series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(1981_video_game)" title="Donkey Kong (1981 video game)">Donkey Kong</a></i> (1981) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_high_score_competition" title="Donkey Kong high score competition">high score competition</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Jr." title="Donkey Kong Jr.">Jr.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_3" title="Donkey Kong 3">3</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(1994_video_game)" title="Donkey Kong (1994 video game)"><i>Donkey Kong</i></a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Console platform games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Country" title="Donkey Kong Country">Country</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Country_2:_Diddy%27s_Kong_Quest" title="Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest">2: Diddy's Kong Quest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Country_3:_Dixie_Kong%27s_Double_Trouble!" title="Donkey Kong Country 3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble!">3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_64" title="Donkey Kong 64">64</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Jungle_Beat" title="Donkey Kong Jungle Beat">Jungle Beat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Country_Returns" title="Donkey Kong Country Returns">Returns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Country:_Tropical_Freeze" title="Donkey Kong Country: Tropical Freeze">Tropical Freeze</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handheld platform games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Land" title="Donkey Kong Land">Land</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Land_2" title="Donkey Kong Land 2">Land 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Land_III" title="Donkey Kong Land III">Land III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spin-offs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Mario vs.<br /> Donkey Kong</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_vs._Donkey_Kong" title="Mario vs. Donkey Kong">Mario vs. Donkey Kong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_vs._Donkey_Kong_2:_March_of_the_Minis" title="Mario vs. Donkey Kong 2: March of the Minis">March of the Minis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_vs._Donkey_Kong:_Minis_March_Again!" title="Mario vs. Donkey Kong: Minis March Again!">Minis March Again!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_vs._Donkey_Kong:_Mini-Land_Mayhem!" title="Mario vs. Donkey Kong: Mini-Land Mayhem!">Mini-Land Mayhem!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_and_Donkey_Kong:_Minis_on_the_Move" title="Mario and Donkey Kong: Minis on the Move">Minis on the Move</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_vs._Donkey_Kong:_Tipping_Stars" title="Mario vs. Donkey Kong: Tipping Stars">Tipping Stars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mini_Mario_%26_Friends:_Amiibo_Challenge" title="Mini Mario & Friends: Amiibo Challenge">Mini Mario & Friends: Amiibo Challenge</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diddy_Kong_Racing" title="Diddy Kong Racing">Diddy Kong Racing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Barrel_Blast" title="Donkey Kong Barrel Blast">Barrel Blast</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LCD_games_featuring_Mario" title="List of LCD games featuring Mario">LCD games</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Jr._Math" title="Donkey Kong Jr. Math">Jr. Math</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Konga" title="Donkey Konga">Donkey Konga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DK_King_of_Swing" title="DK King of Swing">King of Swing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong:_Jungle_Climber" title="Donkey Kong: Jungle Climber">Jungle Climber</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_%2B_Rabbids:_Kingdom_Battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario + Rabbids: Kingdom Battle">Adventure</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donkey_Kong_characters" title="List of Donkey Kong characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(character)" title="Donkey Kong (character)">Donkey Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario" title="Mario">Mario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_(Nintendo)" title="Pauline (Nintendo)">Pauline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Aquatic_Ambience" title="Aquatic Ambience">Aquatic Ambience</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/DK_Rap" title="DK Rap">DK Rap</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television and film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Supercade" title="Saturday Supercade">Saturday Supercade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_N:_The_Game_Master" title="Captain N: The Game Master">Captain N: The Game Master</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Country_(TV_series)" title="Donkey Kong Country (TV series)">Donkey Kong Country</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donkey_Kong_Country_episodes" title="List of Donkey Kong Country episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King_of_Kong" title="The King of Kong">The King of Kong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixels_(2015_film)" title="Pixels (2015 film)"><i>Pixels</i> (2015)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Super_Mario_Bros._Movie" title="The Super Mario Bros. Movie">The Super Mario Bros. Movie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Super_Mario_Bros._Movie#Sequel" title="The Super Mario Bros. Movie">Untitled <i>The Super Mario Bros. Movie</i> sequel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_(franchise)" title="Mario (franchise)">Mario</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_Kart" title="Mario Kart">Kart</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_Party" title="Mario Party">Party</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tennis" title="Mario Tennis">Tennis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popeye_(video_game)" title="Popeye (video game)">Popeye</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Banjo-Kazooie" title="Banjo-Kazooie">Banjo-Kazooie</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Banjo-Pilot" title="Banjo-Pilot">Banjo-Pilot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros." title="Super Smash Bros.">Super Smash Bros.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conker_(series)" title="Conker (series)">Conker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Mr._Pants" title="It's Mr. Pants">It's Mr. Pants</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Land" title="Nintendo Land">Nintendo Land</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NES_Remix" title="NES Remix">NES Remix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_World_Championships:_NES_Edition" title="Nintendo World Championships: NES Edition">Nintendo World Championships: NES Edition</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshiaki_Koizumi" title="Yoshiaki Koizumi">Yoshiaki Koizumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikegami_Tsushinki" title="Ikegami Tsushinki">Ikegami Tsushinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_(company)" title="Rare (company)">Rare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamper_brothers" title="Stamper brothers">Stamper brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_Mayles" title="Gregg Mayles">Gregg Mayles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wise_(composer)" title="David Wise (composer)">David Wise</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paon_DP" title="Paon DP">Paon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_Studios" title="Retro Studios">Retro Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kensuke_Tanabe" title="Kensuke Tanabe">Kensuke Tanabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenji_Yamamoto_(composer,_born_1964)" title="Kenji Yamamoto (composer, born 1964)">Kenji Yamamoto</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Universal City Studios v. Nintendo</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong">King Kong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kirby_(attorney)" title="John Kirby (attorney)">John Kirby</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Kong" title="Crazy Kong">Crazy Kong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pixels_(2010_film)" title="Pixels (2010 film)">Pixels (2010)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_the_Crystal_Coconut" title="Curse of the Crystal Coconut">Curse of the Crystal Coconut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_World" title="Super Nintendo World">Donkey Kong Country (Universal Studios)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Donkey_Kong" title="Category:Donkey Kong"><b>Category</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_copyright_law" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_copyright" title="Template:Video game copyright"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_copyright" title="Template talk:Video game copyright"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_copyright" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game copyright"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_copyright_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_protection_of_video_games" title="Intellectual property protection of video games">Video game copyright law</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eligibility and ownership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atari_v._Amusement_World" title="Atari v. Amusement World">Atari v. Amusement World</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stern_Electronics,_Inc._v._Kaufman" title="Stern Electronics, Inc. v. Kaufman">Stern Electronics, Inc. v. Kaufman</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midway_Manufacturing_Co._v._Artic_International,_Inc." title="Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc.">Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc.</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atari_Games_Corp._v._Oman" title="Atari Games Corp. v. Oman">Atari Games Corp. v. Oman</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Galoob_Toys,_Inc._v._Nintendo_of_America,_Inc." title="Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.">Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Micro_Star_v._FormGen_Inc." title="Micro Star v. FormGen Inc.">Micro Star v. FormGen Inc.</a></i> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">Plagiarism</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Video_game_clone" title="Video game clone">clones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atari_v._Amusement_World" title="Atari v. Amusement World">Atari v. Amusement World</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc._v._North_American_Philips_Consumer_Electronics_Corp." title="Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp.">Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp.</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stern_Electronics,_Inc._v._Kaufman" title="Stern Electronics, Inc. v. Kaufman">Stern Electronics, Inc. v. Kaufman</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Data_East_USA,_Inc._v._Epyx,_Inc." title="Data East USA, Inc. v. Epyx, Inc.">Data East USA, Inc. v. Epyx, Inc.</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capcom_U.S.A._Inc._v._Data_East_Corp." title="Capcom U.S.A. Inc. v. Data East Corp.">Capcom U.S.A. Inc. v. Data East Corp.</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Holding,_LLC_v._Xio_Interactive,_Inc." title="Tetris Holding, LLC v. Xio Interactive, Inc.">Tetris Holding, LLC v. Xio Interactive, Inc.</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spry_Fox,_LLC_v._Lolapps,_Inc." title="Spry Fox, LLC v. Lolapps, Inc.">Spry Fox, LLC v. Lolapps, Inc.</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stardock_Systems,_Inc._v._Reiche" title="Stardock Systems, Inc. v. Reiche">Stardock Systems, Inc. v. Reiche</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reverse_engineering" title="Reverse engineering">Reverse engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atari_Games_Corp._v._Nintendo_of_America_Inc." title="Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America Inc.">Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America Inc.</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sega_v._Accolade" title="Sega v. Accolade">Sega v. Accolade</a></i> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd.&oldid=1259733689">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd.&oldid=1259733689</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_copyright_case_law" title="Category:Video game copyright case law">Video game copyright case law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Donkey_Kong" title="Category:Donkey Kong">Donkey Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:King_Kong_(franchise)" title="Category:King Kong (franchise)">King Kong (franchise)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nintendo" title="Category:Nintendo">Nintendo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_copyright_case_law" title="Category:United States copyright case law">United States copyright case law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit_cases" title="Category:United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit cases">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit cases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York_cases" title="Category:United States District Court for the Southern District of New York cases">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York cases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_trademark_case_law" title="Category:United States trademark case law">United States trademark case law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universal_Pictures_litigation" title="Category:Universal Pictures litigation">Universal Pictures litigation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_games_involved_in_plagiarism_controversies" title="Category:Video games involved in plagiarism controversies">Video games involved in plagiarism controversies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1982_in_United_States_case_law" title="Category:1982 in United States case law">1982 in United States case law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Copyright_infringement_of_fictional_characters" title="Category:Copyright infringement of fictional characters">Copyright infringement of fictional characters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nintendo_litigation" title="Category:Nintendo litigation">Nintendo litigation</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_September_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from September 2023">Use mdy dates from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 19:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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