CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Brookings Papers on Economic Activity - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"221ea20e-a32a-4f88-b4eb-a4be1e2985f9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity","wgTitle":"Brookings Papers on Economic Activity","wgCurRevisionId":1243264397,"wgRevisionId":1243264397,"wgArticleId":22455239,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024","Wikipedia external links cleanup from October 2020","Articles with a promotional tone from October 2020","All articles with a promotional tone","Articles with multiple maintenance issues","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Biannual journals (infobox)","Economics journals", "Academic journals established in 1970","English-language journals"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity","wgRelevantArticleId":22455239,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4974653","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Brookings Papers on Economic Activity - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity rootpage-Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Brookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Brookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Brookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Brookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prize–Winning_Authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prize–Winning_Authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nobel Prize–Winning Authors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prize–Winning_Authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Brookings Papers on Economic Activity</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4974653#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&oldid=1243264397" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&id=1243264397&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4974653" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity" title="Special:EditPage/Brookings Papers on Economic Activity">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity" title="Talk:Brookings Papers on Economic Activity">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Academic journal</div><div class="infobox-journal-search" style="display:none;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;"><i><span class="fn">Brookings Papers on Economic Activity</span></i><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=Brookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity&rft.stitle=Brook.+Pap.+Econ.+Act."></span></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_academic_disciplines" title="Outline of academic disciplines">Discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">Edited</a> by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Janice_Eberly" title="Janice Eberly">Janice Eberly</a> <a href="/wiki/James_H._Stock" title="James H. Stock">James H. Stock</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Publication details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">1993–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Publisher</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Brookings Press (<a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Periodical_literature#Frequency" title="Periodical literature">Frequency</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">semiannually</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Standard abbreviations<br /><span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marcinwrochna.github.io/abbrevIso/?search=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity">ISO 4</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Academic_Journals/Bluebook_journals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Bluebook journals">Bluebook</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westerncriminology.org/publications/bluebook-abbreviations/">alt</a>)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=Brookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity%5BJournal%5D">NLM</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/msnhtml/serials.pdf">MathSciNet</a> </span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">ISO 4</a></th><td class="infobox-data identifier" style="text-align:left;"><i>Brook. Pap. Econ. Act.</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b><i>Brookings Papers on Economic Activity</i> (<i>BPEA</i>)</b> is a journal of macroeconomics published twice a year by the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Brookings Institution Press">Brookings Institution Press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each issue of the journal comprises the proceedings of a conference held biannually by the Economic Studies program at the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a> The conference and journal both "emphasize innovative analysis that has an empirical orientation, take real-world institutions seriously, and is relevant to economic policy."<sup id="cite_ref-about_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The journal is written in a clear and accessible manner in order to maximize understanding of economics and policymaking, and covers a variety of macroeconomic topics from housing, business investments, and fiscal and monetary policy, to international capital flows, environmental issues, and more.<sup id="cite_ref-about_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>The journal briefly released an annual issue dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">microeconomic</a> issues, but this was dropped as the focus cemented around <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomic_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroeconomic policy">macroeconomic policy</a>. </p><p><i><b>BPEA</b></i> has been ranked as a leading journal in the field since its initial publication in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Economist and former editor <a href="/wiki/Justin_Wolfers" title="Justin Wolfers">Justin Wolfers</a> has said that the journal is "the most public policy-focused of all serious economics journal, or, among all public policy journals, it's the most serious economic analysis."<sup id="cite_ref-about_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each issue typically publishes six full-length papers, along with comments by two peer reviewers per paper, and a summary of the general discussion from the conference. The journal is released in hard copy format following the conference, and all past editions are available freely online from the Institution's website. </p><p>Former <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> Chairman <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> contributed a paper to the Fall 2018 journal to commemorate the ten-year anniversary of the financial crisis and the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>, Bernanke pointed out that "when investors fled from short-term financing markets in 2008, the panic engulfing Wall Street spread to the rest of the economy…"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i> further cited Bernanke's <i><b>BPEA</b></i> contribution by noting that "Former <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> Chairman <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> said in a new paper that the credit-market panic that culminated 10 years ago when <a href="/wiki/Lehman_Brothers" title="Lehman Brothers">Lehman Brothers</a> failed better explains the severity of the 2007-09 recession than the housing bust does."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Bernanke</a> also discussed in his paper the decision not to rescue <a href="/wiki/Lehman_Brothers" title="Lehman Brothers">Lehman Brothers</a>, and reflected on the ramifications of that choice.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, the journal also considers the social ramifications of economic policy. For example, the Spring 2019 paper "Mortality and morbidity in the 21st century" by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Case" title="Anne Case">Anne Case</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a> looked deeply "at a divided America – and its crisis of suicide, overdoses, and drug- and alcohol-fueled diseases."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That paper was also cited in the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> for its notable findings, such as, "[s]ickness and early death in the white working class could be rooted in poor job prospects for less-educated young people as they first enter the labor market, a situation that compounds over time through family dysfunction, social isolation, addiction, obesity and other pathologies…".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><b>BPEA</b></i> commenced publication in 1970 under the editorship of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Okun" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Okun">Arthur Okun</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Perry_(American_economist)" title="George Perry (American economist)">George Perry</a>. Their inspiration for starting the journal was to task the best academic economists to apply themselves to real-world policy issues. Former Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Alan Greenspan</a> was among the initial contributors to the first edition of <i><b>BPEA</b></i>. Following <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Melvin_Okun" title="Arthur Melvin Okun">Okun's</a> untimely death in 1980, <a href="/wiki/William_C._Brainard" class="mw-redirect" title="William C. Brainard">William C. Brainard</a> joined <a href="/wiki/George_Perry_(American_economist)" title="George Perry (American economist)">Perry</a> as co-editor from 1980 to 2007. In 2008, the journal was edited by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Elmendorf" title="Douglas Elmendorf">Douglas Elmendorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Mankiw" title="Greg Mankiw">N. Gregory Mankiw</a>, and Harvard economist <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Summers" title="Lawrence Summers">Lawrence H. Summers</a>. Leading economists <a href="/wiki/David_Romer" title="David Romer">David Romer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Wolfers" title="Justin Wolfers">Justin Wolfers</a> served as editors from 2009 to 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presently, <a href="/wiki/Janice_Eberly" title="Janice Eberly">Janice C. Eberly</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_H._Stock" title="James H. Stock">James H. Stock</a> have held the editorship since 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prize–Winning_Authors"><span id="Nobel_Prize.E2.80.93Winning_Authors"></span>Nobel Prize–Winning Authors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nobel Prize–Winning Authors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Twenty-three winners of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize in Economics</a> have contributed as authors or discussants for <i><b>BPEA</b></i> since its inception in 1970, including: </p><p> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a> (2019) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/ending-africas-poverty-trap/">Ending Africa's Poverty Trap</a>" Spring 2004</li></ul> <p> <a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a> (2018) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/whos-afraid-of-a-big-bad-oil-shock/">Who's Afraid of a Big Bad Oil Shock?</a>" Fall 2007</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/productivity-growth-and-the-new-economy/">Productivity Growth and the New Economy</a>" 2002, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-recent-recession-the-current-recovery-and-stock-prices/">The Recent Recession, the Current Recovery, and Stock Prices</a>" 2002, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/policy-games-coordination-and-independence-in-monetary-and-fiscal-policies/">Policy Games: Coordination and Independence in Monetary and Fiscal Policies</a>" 1994, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/lethal-model-2-the-limits-to-growth-revisited/">Lethal Model 2: The Limits to Growth Revisited</a>" 1992, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/do-borders-matter-soviet-economic-reform-after-the-coup/">Do Borders Matter? Soviet Economic Reform after the Coup</a>" 1991, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/soviet-economic-reform-the-longest-road/">Soviet Economic Reform: The Longest Road</a>" 1990, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/alternative-approaches-to-the-political-business-cycle/">Alternative Approaches to the Political Business Cycle</a>" 1989, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/oil-and-economic-performance-in-industrial-countries/">Oil and Economic Performance in Industrial Countries</a>" 1980, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-falling-share-of-profits/">The Falling Share of Profits</a>" 1974, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-allocation-of-energy-resources/">The Allocation of Energy Resources</a>" 1973, No. 3</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-recent-productivity-slowdown/">The Recent Productivity Slowdown</a>" 1972, No. 3</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-worldwide-wage-explosion/">The Worldwide Wage Explosion</a>" 1972, No. 2</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Paul M. Romer</a> (2018) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/looting-the-economic-underworld-of-bankruptcy-for-profit/">Looting: The Economic Underworld of Bankruptcy for Profit</a>" 1993, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/implementing-a-national-technology-strategy-with-self-organizing-industry-investment-boards/">Implementing a National Technology Strategy with Self-Organizing Industry Investment Boards</a>" Microeconomics 2, 1993</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/capital-labor-and-productivity/">Capital, Labor, and Productivity</a>" Microeconomics 1990</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart_(economist)" title="Oliver Hart (economist)">Oliver Hart</a> (2016) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/1992/01/1992_bpeamicro_lakonishok.pdf">The Structure and Performance of the Money Management Industry</a>" 1992, (discussant)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/nobel-prize-winning-authors/">Vertical Integration and Market Foreclosure</a>" 1990</li></ul> <p>  <a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Sir Angus Deaton</a> (2015) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/mortality-and-morbidity-in-the-21st-century/">Mortality and morbidity in the 21st Century</a>" 2017</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a> (2014) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/1990/01/1990_bpeamicro_hart.pdf">Vertical Integration and Market Foreclosure</a>" 1990</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a>(2013) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/understanding-inflation-indexed-bond-markets/">Understanding Inflation-Indexed Bond Markets</a>" Spring 2009</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/low-interest-rates-and-high-asset-prices-an-interpretation-in-terms-of-changing-popular-economic-models/">Low Interest Rates and High Asset Prices: An Interpretation in Terms of Changing Popular Economic Models</a>" Fall 2007</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/is-there-a-bubble-in-the-housing-market/">Is There a Bubble in the Housing Market?</a>" 2003, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/what-have-they-been-thinking-homebuyer-behavior-in-hot-and-cold-markets/">What Have They Been Thinking? Homebuyer Behavior in Hot and Cold Markets</a>" Fall 2002</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/public-resistance-to-indexation-a-puzzle/">Public Resistance to Indexation: A Puzzle</a>" 1997, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/hunting-for-homo-sovieticus-situational-versus-attitudinal-factors-in-economic-behavior/">Hunting for Homo Sovieticus: Situational versus Attitudinal Factors in Economic Behavior</a>" 1992, No 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/stock-prices-and-social-dynamics/">Stock Prices and Social Dynamics</a>" 1984, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/forward-rates-and-future-policy-interpreting-the-term-structure-of-interest-rates/">Forward Rates and Future Policy: Interpreting the Term Structure of Interest Rates</a>" 1983, No. 1</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a>(2011) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/rational-expectations-the-real-rate-of-interest-and-the-natural-rate-of-unemployment/">Rational Expectations, the Real Rate of Interest, and the Natural Rate of Unemployment</a>" 1973, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/rational-expectations-a-correction/">Rational Expectations: A Correction</a>" 1973, No. 3</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a>(2011) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/monetary-policy-models/">Monetary Policy Models</a>" Fall 2007</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-role-of-models-and-probabilities-in-the-monetary-policy-process/">The Role of Models and Probabilities in the Monetary Policy Process</a>" 2002, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/what-does-monetary-policy-do/">What Does Monetary Policy Do?</a>" 1996, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/policy-analysis-with-econometric-models/">Policy Analysis with Econometric Models</a>" 1982, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/output-and-labor-input-in-manufacturing/">Output and Labor Input in Manufacturing</a>" 1974, No. 3</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter A. Diamond</a>(2010) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/macroeconomic-aspects-of-social-security-reform/">Macroeconomic Aspects of Social Security Reform</a>" 1997, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-cyclical-behavior-of-the-gross-flows-of-u-s-workers/">The Cyclical Behavior of the Gross Flows of U.S. Workers</a>" 1990, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-beveridge-curve/">The Beveridge Curve</a>" 1989, No. 1</li></ul> <p>Christopher A. Pissarides (2010) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/IoannidesTextFall15BPEA.pdf">Is the Greek Debt One of Supply or Demand?</a>" 2015</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a>(2009) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/vertical-intergration-and-market-foreclosure/">Vertical Integration and Market Foreclosure</a>" 1990 (discussant)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a>(2008) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/trade-and-wages-reconsidered/">Trade and Wages, Reconsidered</a>" Spring 2008</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/asset-returns-and-economic-growth/">Asset Returns and Economic Growth</a>" 2005, No. 1</li> <li>"I <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/its-baaack-japans-slump-and-the-return-of-the-liquidity-trap/">t's Baaack: Japan's Slump and the Return of the Liquidity Trap</a>" 1998, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/growing-world-trade-causes-and-consequences/">Growing World Trade: Causes and Consequences</a>" 1995, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-persistence-of-the-u-s-trade-deficit/">The Persistence of the U.S. Trade Deficit</a>" 1987, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-u-s-response-to-foreign-industrial-targeting/">The U.S. Response to Foreign Industrial Targeting</a>" 1984, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/flexible-exchange-rates-in-the-short-run/">Flexible Exchange Rates in the Short Run</a>" 1976, No.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund S. Phelps</a> (2006) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/roots-of-the-recent-recoveries-labor-reforms-or-private-sector-forces/">Roots of the Recent Recoveries: Labor Reforms or Private Sector Forces?</a>" 2000</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/causes-of-the-1980s-slump-in-europe/">Causes of the 1980s Slump in Europe</a>" 1986</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-medium-run/">The Medium Run</a>" 1997 (discussant)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-growth-of-nations/">The Growth of Nations</a>" 1995 (discussant)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George Akerlof</a> (2001) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/unfinished-business-in-the-macroeconomics-of-low-inflation-a-tribute-to-george-and-bill-by-bill-and-george/">Unfinished Business in the Macroeconomics of Low Inflation: A Tribute to George and Bill by Bill and George</a>" Fall 2007</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/near-rational-wage-and-price-setting-and-the-long-run-phillips-curve/">Near-Rational Wage and Price Setting and the Long-Run Phillips Curve</a>" 2000, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/the-macroeconomics-of-low-inflation/">The Macroeconomics of Low Inflation</a>" 1996, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/looting-the-economic-underworld-of-bankruptcy-for-profit/">Looting: The Economic Underworld of Bankruptcy for Profit</a>" 1993, No. 2</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/east-germany-in-from-the-cold-the-economic-aftermath-of-currency-union/">"East Germany in from the Cold: The economic aftermath of currency union</a>" 1991, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/job-switching-and-job-satisfaction-in-the-u-s-labor-market/">Job switching and job satisfaction in the U.S. labor market</a>" 1988, No. 2</li></ul> <p> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a> (2001) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/economic-crises-evidence-and-insights-from-east-asia/">Economic Crises: Evidence and Insights from East Asia</a>" 1998, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/examining-alternative-macroeconomic-theories/">Examining Alternative Macroeconomic Theories</a>" 1988, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/technological-change-sunk-costs-and-competition/">Technological Change, Sunk Costs, and Competition</a>" 1987, No. 3</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel L. McFadden</a> (2000) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/technological-change-sunk-costs-and-competition/">Technological Change, Sunk Costs, and Competition</a>" 1987 (discussant)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a> (1992) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/economic-growth-and-subjective-well-being-reassessing-the-easterlin-paradox/">Economic Growth and Subjective Well-Being: Reassessing the Easterlin Paradox</a>" 2008 (discussant)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a> (1987) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/deciphering-the-fall-and-rise-in-the-net-capital-share/">Deciphering the fall and rise in the net capital share</a>" 2015</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/manufacturing-wage-dispersion-an-end-game-interpretation/">Manufacturing Wage Dispersion: An End Game Interpretation</a>" 1985 (discussant)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/u-s-labor-markets-imbalance-wage-growth-and-productivity-in-the-1970s/">U.S. Labor Markets: Imbalance, Wage Growth, and Productivity in the 1970s</a>" 1983 (discussant)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/comments-and-discussion-the-bosworth-and-gordon-papers/">Comments and Discussion: The Bosworth and Gordon Papers</a>" 1972, No. 2</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> (1985) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/is-a-tax-rebate-an-effective-tool-for-stabilization-policy/">Is a Tax Rebate an Effective Tool for Stabilization Policy?</a>" 1977, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/targets-for-monetary-policy-in-the-coming-year/">Targets for Monetary Policy in the Coming Year</a>" 1975, No. 1</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George Stigler</a> (1982) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/do-entry-conditions-vary-across-markets/">Do Entry Conditions Vary across Markets?</a>" 1988 (discussant)</li></ul> <p> <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> (1981) </p> <ul><li>"A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/a-price-target-for-u-s-monetary-policy-lessons-from-the-experience-with-money-growth-targets/">Price Target for U.S. Monetary Policy? Lessons from the Experience with Money Growth Targets</a>" 1996 (discussant)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/was-this-recession-different-are-they-all-different/">Was This Recession Different? Are They All Different?</a>"1993 (discussant)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/william-john-fellner-1905-1983/">William John Fellner 1905-1983</a>" 1983, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/stabilization-policy-ten-years-after/">Stabilization Policy Ten Years After</a>" 1980, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/macroeconomic-effects-of-selective-public-employment-and-wage-subsidies/">Macroeconomic Effects of Selective Public Employment and Wage Subsidies</a>" 1977, No. 2</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/monetary-policy-in-1974-and-beyond/">Monetary Policy in 1974 and Beyond</a>" 1974, No. 1</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/comments-and-discussion-the-fellner-okun-and-gordon-reports/">Comments and Discussion: The Fellner, Okun, and Gordon Reports</a>" 1971, No. 2</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence Klein</a> (1980) </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/capacity-utilization-concept-measurement-and-recent-estimates/">Capacity Utilization: Concept, Measurement, and Recent Estimates</a>" 1973, No. 3</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/mortgage-credit-availability-and-residential-construction/">Mortgage Credit Availability and Residential Construction</a>" 1979 (discussant)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/52">"Project MUSE - Brookings Papers on Economic Activity"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Project+MUSE+-+Brookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fjournal%2F52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/about-bpea/">"About BPEA"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+BPEA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fabout-bpea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/top/top.journals.simple.html">"Simple Impact Factors for Economics Journals | IDEAS/RePEc"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simple+Impact+Factors+for+Economics+Journals+%26%23124%3B+IDEAS%2FRePEc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fideas.repec.org%2Ftop%2Ftop.journals.simple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/no-lehman-repeat-but-a-great-opportunity-to-lose-money-is-coming-anyway-1536859262">https://www.wsj.com/articles/no-lehman-repeat-but-a-great-opportunity-to-lose-money-is-coming-anyway-1536859262</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/ben-bernanke-says-credit-freeze-more-to-blame-than-housing-bust-in-latest-recession-1536868914">https://www.wsj.com/articles/ben-bernanke-says-credit-freeze-more-to-blame-than-housing-bust-in-latest-recession-1536868914</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/econexplainer/why-hadnt-the-federal-reserve-rescued-lehman-brothers-ten-years-ago-78a1df51a751?sk=67d52839486e32fce3a22713bd97a376">"Why hadn't the Federal Reserve rescued Lehman Brothers ten years ago?"</a>. 15 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+hadn%27t+the+Federal+Reserve+rescued+Lehman+Brothers+ten+years+ago%3F&rft.date=2018-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Feconexplainer%2Fwhy-hadnt-the-federal-reserve-rescued-lehman-brothers-ten-years-ago-78a1df51a751%3Fsk%3D67d52839486e32fce3a22713bd97a376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBible2017" class="citation news cs1">Bible, Michael (28 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/28/deaths-of-despair-us-jobs-drugs-alcohol-suicide">"Is the US facing an epidemic of 'deaths of despair'? These researchers say yes"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Is+the+US+facing+an+epidemic+of+%27deaths+of+despair%27%3F+These+researchers+say+yes&rft.date=2017-03-28&rft.aulast=Bible&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2017%2Fmar%2F28%2Fdeaths-of-despair-us-jobs-drugs-alcohol-suicide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/new-research-identifies-a-sea-of-despair-among-white-working-class-americans/2017/03/22/c777ab6e-0da6-11e7-9b0d-d27c98455440_story.html">https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/new-research-identifies-a-sea-of-despair-among-white-working-class-americans/2017/03/22/c777ab6e-0da6-11e7-9b0d-d27c98455440_story.html</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.brookings.edu/media/NewsReleases/2009/0318_bpea.aspx">https://www.brookings.edu/media/NewsReleases/2009/0318_bpea.aspx</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/news-releases/brookings-appoints-eberly-and-stock-as-new-editors-of-the-brookings-papers-on-economic-activity/">"Brookings appoints Eberly and Stock as new editors of the Brookings Papers on Economic Activity"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brookings+appoints+Eberly+and+Stock+as+new+editors+of+the+Brookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fnews-releases%2Fbrookings-appoints-eberly-and-stock-as-new-editors-of-the-brookings-papers-on-economic-activity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/project/brookings-papers-on-economic-activity">Brookings Papers on Economic Activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/econexplainer/why-hadnt-the-federal-reserve-rescued-lehman-brothers-ten-years-ago-78a1df51a751?sk=67d52839486e32fce3a22713bd97a376">Medium</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&oldid=1243264397">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&oldid=1243264397</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economics_journals" title="Category:Economics journals">Economics journals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_journals_established_in_1970" title="Category:Academic journals established in 1970">Academic journals established in 1970</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_journals" title="Category:English-language journals">English-language journals</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024">Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_external_links_cleanup_from_October_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia external links cleanup from October 2020">Wikipedia external links cleanup from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_a_promotional_tone_from_October_2020" title="Category:Articles with a promotional tone from October 2020">Articles with a promotional tone from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_a_promotional_tone" title="Category:All articles with a promotional tone">All articles with a promotional tone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biannual_journals_(infobox)" title="Category:Biannual journals (infobox)">Biannual journals (infobox)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 August 2024, at 13:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fkn9p","wgBackendResponseTime":126,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.293","walltime":"0.358","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2543,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":54033,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11200,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":29737,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 310.609 1 -total"," 39.13% 121.544 1 Template:Infobox_Journal"," 23.82% 73.980 5 Template:Cite_web"," 23.73% 73.697 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 20.60% 63.972 7 Template:Main_other"," 15.53% 48.246 1 Template:Infobox"," 14.48% 44.964 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.63% 33.018 1 Template:External_links"," 10.62% 32.999 2 Template:Ambox"," 10.37% 32.195 2 Template:Namespace_detect"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.162","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4990071,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6qhks","timestamp":"20241122150727","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Brookings Papers on Economic Activity","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brookings_Papers_on_Economic_Activity","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4974653","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4974653","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-04-17T16:26:40Z","dateModified":"2024-08-31T13:53:03Z","headline":"journal"}</script> </body> </html>