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Flemish people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Flemish_people skin-vector action-view"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Flemish people</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom"> (Redirected from <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flemings&redirect=no" title="Flemings">Flemings</a>)</span></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="hatnote">"Flemings" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemings_(disambiguation)" title="Flemings (disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig">Flemings (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"> <caption class="fn org">Flemish people<br/> <i>Vlamingen</i></caption> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Germanic_peoples_Flemings.png" class="image"><img alt="Germanic peoples Flemings.png" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Germanic_peoples_Flemings.png/250px-Germanic_peoples_Flemings.png" width="250" height="246" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Germanic_peoples_Flemings.png/375px-Germanic_peoples_Flemings.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Germanic_peoples_Flemings.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="418"/></a> <div><small>1st row: <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Els_Dottermans" title="Els Dottermans">Els Dottermans</a> • <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lara_Fabian" title="Lara Fabian">Lara Fabian</a> • <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a><br/> 2nd row:<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius" title="Andreas Vesalius">Andreas Vesalius</a> • <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_Merckx" title="Eddy Merckx">Eddy Merckx</a> • <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Clijsters" title="Kim Clijsters">Kim Clijsters</a><br/> 3rd row: <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerardus_Mercator" title="Gerardus Mercator">Gerardus Mercator</a> • <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Conscience" title="Hendrik Conscience">Hendrik Conscience</a> • <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">James Ensor</a></small></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>7.3 million</b> <small>(2011 estimate)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300"/> </span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th> <td>6,450,765<sup id="cite_ref-statbel1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statbel1-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/> </span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th> <td>389,171<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th> <td>187, 750<sup id="cite_ref-viw_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viw-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/> </span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th> <td>12,430 - 168,910<sup id="cite_ref-Canada_Census_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada_Census-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></th> <td>55,200<sup id="cite_ref-viw_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viw-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"/> </span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th> <td>15,130<sup id="cite_ref-viw_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viw-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504"/> </span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></th> <td>6,000<sup id="cite_ref-viw_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viw-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrians</a>, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danes</a>, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a>, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelanders" title="Icelanders">Icelanders</a>, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegians</a>, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedes" title="Swedes">Swedes</a>, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloons</a>, other <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a></td> </tr> </table> <p><b>Flemings</b> (<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <span lang="nl" xml:lang="nl"><i>Vlamingen</i></span>) are a <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a>, who speak <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> They are mostly found in the contemporary region of <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>. They are one of two principal ethnic groups in Belgium, the other being the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French-speaking</a> <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloons</a>. The Flemings make up the majority of the Belgian population (about 60%). Historically, all inhabitants of the medieval <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a> were called Flemings, irrespective of the language spoken.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval duchy of Brabant and the medieval county of Loon.</p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Identity_and_culture"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Identity and culture</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Language"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Language</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#National_symbols"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">National symbols</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The sense of "Flemish" identity increased significantly after the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a>. Prior to this, the term "Flemings" in the Dutch language was in first place used for the inhabitants of the former County of Flanders. Flemish however had been used since the 14th century to describe the language and dialects of both the peoples of Flanders and the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> The modern Belgian province of Limburg was not part of the treaty, and only came to be considered "Flemish" in the 19th century.</p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_(1625).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg/220px-Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg" width="220" height="151" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg/330px-Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg/440px-Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_%281625%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2203"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_De_bruiloft_dans_(1625).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <i>The Wedding Dance</i> by <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Brueghel_the_Younger" title="Pieter Brueghel the Younger">Pieter Brueghel the Younger</a>, 1625</div> </div> </div> <p>In 1830 the southern provinces of the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Netherlands</a> proclaimed their independence. French-dialect speaking population, as well as the administration and elites, feared the loss of their status and autonomy under Dutch rule while the rapid industrialization in the south highlighted economic differences between the two. Under <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_period" title="French period">French rule</a> (1794–1815), French was enforced as the only official language in public life, resulting in a Frenchification of the elites and, to a lesser extent, the middle classes. The Dutch King allowed the use of both Dutch and French dialects as administrative languages in the Flemish provinces. He also enacted laws to reestablish Dutch in schools.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> The language policy was not the only cause of the secession; the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism" title="Catholicism">Roman Catholic</a> majority viewed the sovereign, the Protestant <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a>, with suspicion and were heavily stirred by the Roman Catholic Church which suspected William of wanting to enforce <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>. Lastly, Belgian liberals were dissatisfied with William for his allegedly despotic behaviour.</p> <p>Following the revolt, the language reforms of 1823 were the first Dutch laws to be abolished and the subsequent years would see a number of laws restricting the use of the Dutch language.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> This policy led to the gradual emergence of the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a>, that was built on earlier <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-French_sentiment" title="Anti-French sentiment" class="mw-redirect">anti-French</a> feelings of injustice, as expressed in writings (for example by the late 18th-century writer, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan-Baptist_Verlooy" title="Jan-Baptist Verlooy">Jan Verlooy</a>) which criticized the Southern <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francophile" title="Francophile">Francophile</a> elites. The efforts of this movement during the following 150 years, have to no small extent facilitated the creation of the <i><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> social, political and linguistic equality of Dutch from the end of the 19th century.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Identity_and_culture">Identity and culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Identity and culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Quad_Flandria.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quad_Flandria.jpg/220px-Quad_Flandria.jpg" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quad_Flandria.jpg/330px-Quad_Flandria.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quad_Flandria.jpg/440px-Quad_Flandria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3345" data-file-height="2498"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Quad_Flandria.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Map of the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medi%C3%A6val" title="Mediæval" class="mw-redirect">mediæval</a> <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p>Within Belgium the Flemings form a clearly distinguishable group, set apart by their language and customs.However, when compared to the Netherlands most of these cultural and linguistic differences quickly fade, as the Flemish share the same language, similar or identical customs and (though only with the southern part of today's Netherlands) traditional religion with the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> However, the popular perception of being a single polity varies greatly, depending on subject matter, locality and personal background. Generally, Flemings will seldom identify themselves as being Dutch and vice versa, especially on a national level.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>This is partly caused by the popular stereotypes in the Netherlands as well as Flanders which are mostly based on the 'cultural extremes' of both Northern and Southern culture.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> But also in great part because of the history of emancipation of their culture in Belgium, which has left many Flemings with a high degree of national consciousness, which can be very marked among some Dutch-speaking Belgians.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> Alongside this overarching political and social affiliation, there also exists a strong tendency towards <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">regionalism</a>, in which individuals greatly identify themselves culturally through their native <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a>, city, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region" title="Region">region</a> or <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_dialects" title="Dutch dialects">dialect</a> they speak.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Language">Language</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Flemings speak Dutch (specifically its <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_language" title="Flemish language" class="mw-redirect">southern variant</a>, which is sometimes colloquially called '<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_language" title="Flemish language" class="mw-redirect">Flemish</a>'). It is the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_language" title="National language">majority language</a> in Belgium, being spoken natively by three-fifths of the population. Its various dialects contain a number of lexical and a few grammatical features which distinguish them from the standard language.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> As in the Netherlands, the pronunciation of Standard Dutch is affected by the native dialect of the speaker. All Dutch dialects spoken in Belgium are spoken in adjacent areas of the Netherlands as well. At the same time <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Flemish" title="East Flemish">East Flemish</a> forms a continuum with both Brabantic and <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Flemish" title="West Flemish">West Flemish</a>. Standard Dutch is primarily based on the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollandic" title="Hollandic" class="mw-redirect">Hollandic</a> dialect (spoken in the Northern Netherlands) and to a lesser extent on <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brabantian" title="Brabantian" class="mw-redirect">Brabantian</a>, which is the most dominant Dutch dialect of the Southern Netherlands and <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Religion in Belgium</a></div> <p>Approximately 75% of the Flemish people are by baptism assumed <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic" title="Roman Catholic" class="mw-redirect">Roman Catholic</a>, though a still diminishing minority of less than 8% attends <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> on a regular basis and nearly half of the inhabitants of <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> are <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnostic" title="Agnostic" class="mw-redirect">agnostic</a> or <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheist" title="Atheist" class="mw-redirect">atheist</a>. A 2006 inquiry in Flanders, showed 55% chose to call themselves religious, 36% believe that God created the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="National_symbols">National symbols</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: National symbols">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Flanders.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/150px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png" width="150" height="100" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/225px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/300px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="627"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Flanders.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> The Flag of Flanders</div> </div> </div> <p>The official flag and coat of arms of the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Community" title="Flemish Community">Flemish Community</a> represents a black lion with red claws and tongue on a yellow field (<i><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">or</a> a lion rampant <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sable_(heraldry)" title="Sable (heraldry)">sable</a> armed and langued <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">gules</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> A flag with a completely black lion had been in wide use before 1991 when the current version was officially adopted by the Flemish Community. That older flag was at times recognized by government sources (alongside the version with red claws and tongue).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Today, only the flag bearing a lion with red claws and tongue is recognized by Belgian law, while the flag with the all black lion is mostly used by Flemish separatist movements. The Flemish authorities also use two logos of a highly stylized black lion which show the claws and tongue in either red or black.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> The first documented use<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> of the Flemish lion was on the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_(device)" title="Seal (device)" class="mw-redirect">seal</a> of <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip,_count_of_Flanders" title="Philip, count of Flanders" class="mw-redirect">Philip d'Alsace</a>, <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_of_Flanders" title="Count of Flanders">count of Flanders</a> of 1162. As of that date the use of the Flemish coat of arms (<i>or a lion rampant sable</i>) remained in use throughout the reigns of the d'Alsace, Flanders (2nd) and Dampierre <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_of_Flanders" title="Count of Flanders">dynasties of counts</a>. The motto "Vlaanderen de Leeuw" (Flanders the lion) was allegedly present on the arms of <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_de_Coninck" title="Pieter de Coninck">Pieter de Coninck</a> at the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs" title="Battle of the Golden Spurs">Battle of the Golden Spurs</a> on July 11, 1302.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> After the acquisition of Flanders by the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Burgundian dukes</a> the lion was only used in escutcheons. It was only after the creation of the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> that the coat of arms (surmounted by a chief bearing the <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Netherlands" title="Coat of Arms of the Netherlands" class="mw-redirect">Royal Arms of the Netherlands</a>) once again became the official symbol of the new province <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="noprint portal tright" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;max-width:175px"> <tr style="vertical-align:middle"> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium.svg" class="image"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/32px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" width="32" height="28" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/48px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/64px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="390"/></a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Belgium" title="Portal:Belgium">Belgium portal</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Vlaamse_Leeuw" title="De Vlaamse Leeuw">De Vlaamse Leeuw</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Flemish" title="French Flemish">French Flemish</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flemish_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Flemish_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Flemish people">Flemish people</a></b></i>.</td> </tr> </table> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-statbel1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statbel1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://statbel.fgov.be/figures/d21_nl.asp#2">"Structuur van de bevolking — België / Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest / Vlaams Gewest / Waals Gewest / De 25 bevolkingsrijke gemeenten (2000–2006)"</a> (asp) (in Dutch <i>(also known as <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish" title="Flemish">Flemish dialect</a>)</i>). Belgian Federal Government Service (ministry) of Economy — Directorate-general Statistics Belgium. © 1998/2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-23</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people&rft.btitle=Structuur+van+de+bevolking+%E2%80%94+Belgi%C3%AB+%2F+Brussels+Hoofdstedelijk+Gewest+%2F+Vlaams+Gewest+%2F+Waals+Gewest+%2F+De+25+bevolkingsrijke+gemeenten+%282000%E2%80%932006%29&rft.date=%C2%A9+1998%2F2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatbel.fgov.be%2Ffigures%2Fd21_nl.asp%232&rft.pub=Belgian+Federal+Government+Service+%28ministry%29+of+Economy+%E2%80%94+Directorate-general+Statistics+Belgium&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code> (<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> <span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33">CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Unrecognized_language" title="Category:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language">link</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" since January 2011">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup>— Note: 59% of the Belgians can be considered Flemish, i.e., Dutch-speaking: Native speakers of Dutch living in <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a> and of French in Flanders are relatively small minorities which furthermore largely balance one another, hence counting all inhabitants of each unilingual area to the area's language can cause only insignificant inaccuracies (99% can speak the language). Dutch: Flanders' 6.079 million inhabitants and about 15% of Brussels' 1.019 million are 6.23 million or 59.3% of the 10.511 million inhabitants of Belgium (2006); German: 70,400 in the German-speaking Community (which has <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_with_language_facilities" title="Municipalities with language facilities">language facilities</a> for its less than 5% French-speakers), and an estimated 20,000–25,000 speakers of German in the Walloon Region outside the geographical boundaries of their official Community, or 0.9%; French: in the latter area as well as mainly in the rest of Wallonia (3.414 - 0.093 = 3.321 million) and 85% of the Brussels inhabitants (0.866 million) thus 4.187 million or 39.8%; together indeed 100%</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201:518;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR:518;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T:518;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR:518&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=047&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-format=&-_lang=en">2006 US American Community Survey</a> listed 389,171 people claiming "Belgian" ancestry.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-viw-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-viw_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-viw_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-viw_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-viw_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://www.viw.be/intro.html">"Vlamingen in de Wereld"</a>. Vlamingen in de Wereld, a foundation offering services for Flemish expatriates, with cooperation of the Flemish government<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-01</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people&rft.btitle=Vlamingen+in+de+Wereld&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.viw.be%2Fintro.html&rft.pub=Vlamingen+in+de+Wereld%2C+a+foundation+offering+services+for+Flemish+expatriates%2C+with+cooperation+of+the+Flemish+government.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Canada_Census-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canada_Census_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000">2006 Canadian Census</a> gives 12,430 respondents stating their <i>ethnic origin</i> as Flemish. Another 168,910 reported 'Belgian'. See <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Canadians_by_ethnicity" title="List of Canadians by ethnicity" class="mw-redirect">List of Canadians by ethnicity</a> (2001)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Minahan, James (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://books.google.no/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC"><i>One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups</i></a>. <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. p. 769. <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313309841" title="Special:BookSources/0313309841">0313309841</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.au=Minahan%2C+James&rft.btitle=One+Europe%2C+many+nations%3A+a+historical+dictionary+of+European+national+groups&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.no%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNwvoM-ZFoAgC&rft.isbn=0313309841&rft.pages=769&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://books.google.fr/books?id=A7cWAAAAQAAJ&dq=histoire%20de%20la%20flandre%20wallonne&hl=fr&pg=PA31#v=onepage&q=Flamands%20wallons&f=false"><i>La Flandre Wallonne aux 16e et 17e siшcle suivie... de notes historiques ... - Lebon - Google Livres</i></a>. Books.google.fr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-08</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people&rft.btitle=La+Flandre+Wallonne+aux+16e+et+17e+si%D1%88cle+suivie...+de+notes+historiques+...+-+Lebon+-+Google+Livres&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA7cWAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3Dhistoire%2520de%2520la%2520flandre%2520wallonne%26hl%3Dfr%26pg%3DPA31%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DFlamands%2520wallons%26f%3Dfalse&rft.pub=Books.google.fr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lode Wils. De lange weg van de naties in de Lage Landen, p.46. <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9053501444" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-5350-144-4</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.H. Kossmann, <i>De lage landen 1780/1980. Deel 1 1780-1914</i>, 1986, Amsterdam, p. 128</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacques Logie, <i>De la régionalisation à l'indépendance, 1830</i>, Duculot, 1980, Paris-Gembloux, p. 21</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National minorities in Europe, W. Braumüller, 2003, page 20.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nederlandse en Vlaamse identiteit, Civis Mundi 2006 by S.W Couwenberg. <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9055736880" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-5573-688-0</a>. Page 62. Quote: "Er valt heel wat te lachen om de wederwaardigheden van Vlamingen in Nederland en Nederlanders in Vlaanderen. Ze relativeren de verschillen en beklemtonen ze tegelijkertijd. Die verschillen zijn er onmiskenbaar: in taal, klank, kleur, stijl, gedrag, in politiek, maatschappelijke organisatie, maar het zijn stuk voor stuk varianten binnen één taal-en cultuurgemeenschap." The opposite opinion is stated by L. Beheydt (2002): "Al bij al lijkt een grondiger analyse van de taalsituatie en de taalattitude in Nederland en Vlaanderen weinig aanwijzingen te bieden voor een gezamenlijke culturele identiteit. Dat er ook op andere gebieden weinig aanleiding is voor een gezamenlijke culturele identiteit is al door Geert Hofstede geconstateerd in zijn vermaarde boek <i>Allemaal andersdenkenden</i> (1991)." L. Beheydt, "Delen Vlaanderen en Nederland een culturele identiteit?", in P. Gillaerts, H. van Belle, L. Ravier (eds.), <i>Vlaamse identiteit: mythe én werkelijkheid</i> (Leuven 2002), 22-40, esp. 38. <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#555;">(Dutch)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: Accounting for the past, 1650-2000; by D. Fokkema, 2004, Assen.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://books.google.com/?id=BNnm-Bog4awC&pg=PA50&lpg=PA50&dq=Flemish+monolinguals#v=onepage&q=Flemish%20monolinguals&f=false"><i>Languages in contact and conflict ... - Google Books</i></a>. Books.google.com. 1995. <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-278-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-278-2">978-1-85359-278-2</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-27</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people&rft.btitle=Languages+in+contact+and+conflict+...+-+Google+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DBNnm-Bog4awC%26pg%3DPA50%26lpg%3DPA50%26dq%3DFlemish%2Bmonolinguals%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DFlemish%2520monolinguals%26f%3Dfalse&rft.isbn=978-1-85359-278-2&rft.pub=Books.google.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Janssens and A. Marynissen, <i>Het Nederlands vroeger en nu</i> (Leuven/Voorburg 2005), 155 ff.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inquiry by 'Vepec', 'Vereniging voor Promotie en Communicatie' (Organisation for Promotion and Communication), published in Knack magazine 22 November 2006 p.14 [The Dutch language term 'gelovig' is in the text translated as 'religious'; more precisely it is a very common word for believing in particular in any kind of God in a <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> sense, and/or in some <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">afterlife</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#555;">(Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://docs.vlaanderen.be/channels/hoofdmenu/vlaamseoverheid/wapen.jsp">Flemish Authorities - coat of arms</a> <i>De officiële voorstelling van het wapen van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, in zwart - wit en in kleur, werd vastgesteld bij de ministeriële besluiten van 2 januari 1991 (BS 2 maart 1991), en zoals afgebeeld op de bijlagen bij deze besluiten.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://docs.vlaanderen.be/channels/hoofdmenu/vlaamseoverheid/vlag.jsp">- flag</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samples of the black lion without red tongue and claws for the province of East and <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a> before the regionalization of Belgian provinces: <span class="citation book">originally Prof. Dr. J. Verschueren; Dr. W. Pée & Dr. A. Seeldraeyers (1954 or later). <i>Verschuerens Modern Woordenboek</i> (6th revised ed.). N.V. Brepols, Turnhout. volume M–Z, plate "Wapenschilden" left of p. 1997.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people&rft.aulast=originally+Prof.+Dr.+J.+Verschueren&rft.au=originally+Prof.+Dr.+J.+Verschueren&rft.btitle=Verschuerens+Modern+Woordenboek&rft.date=1954+or+later&rft.edition=6th+revised&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=volume+M-Z%2C+plate+%22Wapenschilden%22+left+of+p.+1997&rft.pub=N.V.+Brepols%2C+Turnhout&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Cite uses deprecated parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> (<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#deprecated_params" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>);</span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code> (<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> This dictionary/encyclopaedia was put on the list of school books allowed to be used in the official secondary institutions of education on March 8, 1933 by the Belgian government.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Armorial des provinces et des communes de Belgique, Max Servais: pages 217-219, explaining the 1816 origin of the Flags of the provinces of East and West Flanders and their post 1830 modifications</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flemish authorities show a logo of a highly stylized black lion either with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://docs.portal.vlaanderen.be/VlaamseInfolijn/VlaamseInfolijn-Page-HomePageVlaamseInfolijn_index.html">red claws and tongue (sample: 'error' page by ministry of the Flemish Community)</a> or a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://www.vlaamseregering.be/">completely black version</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Armorial des provinces et des communes de Belgique, Max Servais</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/be-vlg.html">"Flanders (Belgium)"</a>. Flags of the World web site. 2006-12-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-26</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people&rft.btitle=Flanders+%28Belgium%29&rft.date=2006-12-02&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwflags.com%2Ffotw%2Fflags%2Fbe-vlg.html&rft.pub=Flags+of+the+World+web+site&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Velde, François R. (2000-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://www.heraldica.org/topics/warcry.htm">"War-Cries"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-26</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people&rft.aulast=Velde%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+R.&rft.au=Velde%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+R.&rft.btitle=War-Cries&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldica.org%2Ftopics%2Fwarcry.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Olivier, M. (1995-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/http://jsp.vlaamsparlement.be/docs/stukken/bz1995/g36-1.pdf">"Voorstel van decreet houdende instelling van de Orde van de Vlaamse Leeuw (Vlaamse Raad, stuk 36, buitengewone zitting 1995 – Nr. 1)"</a> (PDF) (in Dutch). <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Parliament" title="Flemish Parliament">Flemish Parliament</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-26</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+people&rft.aulast=Olivier%2C+M.&rft.au=Olivier%2C+M.&rft.btitle=Voorstel+van+decreet+houdende+instelling+van+de+Orde+van+de+Vlaamse+Leeuw+%28Vlaamse+Raad%2C+stuk+36%2C+buitengewone+zitting+1995+%E2%80%93+Nr.+1%29&rft.date=1995-06-13&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjsp.vlaamsparlement.be%2Fdocs%2Fstukken%2Fbz1995%2Fg36-1.pdf&rft.pub=Flemish+Parliament&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Flanders_topics" title="Template:Flanders topics"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Flanders_topics" title="Template talk:Flanders topics"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Flanders_topics&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/23px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/35px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/45px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="627"/> </span><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> topics</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Modern Belgium</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Community" title="Flemish Community">Flemish Community</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Neighbouring and<br/> historical regions</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders <small style="font-size:85%;">(862–1795)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeelandic_Flanders" title="Zeelandic Flanders">Zeelandic Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_Flanders" title="Romance Flanders">Romance Flanders</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Local regions</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Ardennes" title="Flemish Ardennes">Flemish Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campine" title="Campine">Campine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denderstreek" title="Denderstreek">Denderstreek</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hageland" title="Hageland">Hageland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesbaye" title="Hesbaye">Haspengouw</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajottenland" title="Pajottenland">Pajottenland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meetjesland" title="Meetjesland">Meetjesland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westhoek_(region)" title="Westhoek (region)">Westhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waasland" title="Waasland">Waasland</a></li> <li>...</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"> <div><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flanders_in_Europe.svg" class="image" title="Flanders in Europe"><img alt="Flanders in Europe" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flanders_in_Europe.svg/200px-Flanders_in_Europe.svg.png" width="200" height="153" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flanders_in_Europe.svg/300px-Flanders_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flanders_in_Europe.svg/400px-Flanders_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520"/></a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Flanders" title="Provinces of Flanders" class="mw-redirect">Provinces</a><br/> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(and cities)</span></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp_(province)" title="Antwerp (province)">Antwerp</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Brabant" title="Flemish Brabant">Flemish Brabant</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburg_(Belgium)" title="Limburg (Belgium)">Limburg</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasselt" title="Hasselt">Hasselt</a>)</small></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">See also</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_the_Flemish_Region" title="List of municipalities of the Flemish Region">List of municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Diamond" title="Flemish Diamond">Flemish Diamond</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Flanders" title="Politics of Flanders">Politics</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Parliament" title="Flemish Parliament">Flemish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Government" title="Flemish Government">Flemish Government</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Community_Commission" title="Flemish Community Commission">Community Commission (Brussels)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_parties_in_Flanders" title="Political parties in Flanders">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister-President_of_Flanders" title="Minister-President of Flanders">Minister-President</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Symbols and<br/> <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Flanders" title="History of Flanders">history</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Vlaamse_Leeuw" title="De Vlaamse Leeuw">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Flanders" title="Coat of arms of Flanders">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_the_Flemish_Community" title="Day of the Flemish Community">Day of the Flemish Community</a> <ul> <li><i><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs" title="Battle of the Golden Spurs">Guldensporenslag</a></i></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Leeuw_van_Vlaanderen_(novel)" title="De Leeuw van Vlaanderen (novel)"><i>De Leeuw van Vlaanderen</i></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Flanders" title="Flag of Flanders">Flag</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other topics</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish" title="Flemish">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_literature" title="Flemish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_painting" title="Flemish painting">Painting</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">People</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Flanders" title="Education in Flanders">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Flanders" title="Science and technology in Flanders">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Flanders" title="Transport in Flanders">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Flanders" title="Agriculture in Flanders">Agriculture</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Belgium" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Belgium"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Belgium (page does not exist)"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Belgium&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Belgium" title="Demographics of Belgium">Ethnic and national groups in Belgium</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><b><strong class="selflink">Flemish</strong></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloon_people" title="Walloon people" class="mw-redirect">Walloons</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German-speaking_Community_of_Belgium" title="German-speaking Community of Belgium">German-speaking Belgians</a></b></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Belgian" title="Afro-Belgian">Africans</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croats_of_Belgium" title="Croats of Belgium">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinos_in_Belgium" title="Filipinos in Belgium">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgians_in_Belgium" title="Georgians in Belgium">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeks_in_Belgium" title="Greeks in Belgium">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indians_in_Belgium" title="Indians in Belgium">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_in_Belgium" title="Maltese in Belgium">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians_in_Belgium" title="Russians in Belgium">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_in_Belgium" title="Turks in Belgium">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Belgium" title="Vietnamese people in Belgium">Vietnamese</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"> <div><small style="font-size:85%;"><b>Bold</b> denotes ethnic groups that (partly) originate from within contemporary and historic parts of the Belgium</small></div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Ethnic groups in the Netherlands"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in the Netherlands"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150402015759im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Demographics of the Netherlands">Ethnic and national groups in the Netherlands</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Netherlands</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><b><u><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a></u></b></li> <li><b><strong class="selflink">Flemish</strong></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloons</a></b> <ul> <li><small style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloons_in_the_Netherlands" title="Walloons in the Netherlands">Post-1830 migration</a></small></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Africa</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs_in_the_Netherlands" title="Arabs in the Netherlands">Arabs</a> <ul> <li><small style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moroccan-Dutch" title="Moroccan-Dutch">Moroccans</a></small></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Dutch" title="Afro-Dutch">Black Africans</a> <ul> <li><small style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Angolans in the Netherlands">Angolans</a></small></li> <li><small style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verdeans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cape Verdeans in the Netherlands">Cape Verdeans</a></small></li> <li><small style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Nigerians in the Netherlands">Nigerians</a></small></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Somalis in the Netherlands">Somalis</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Americas</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cura%C3%A7aoans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Curaçaoans in the Netherlands">Curaçaoans</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamese_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Surinamese people in the Netherlands">Surinamese</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Asia</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">East Asia</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Chinese people in the Netherlands">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_expatriates_in_the_Netherlands" title="Japanese expatriates in the Netherlands">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Koreans in the Netherlands">Koreans</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">South Asia</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Afghans in the Netherlands">Afghans</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Indians in the Netherlands">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Nepalis in the Netherlands">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Pakistanis in the Netherlands">Pakistanis</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">South-East Asia</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinos_in_the_Netherlands" title="Filipinos in the Netherlands">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Indonesian#Netherlands" title="Overseas Indonesian">Indonesians</a> <ul> <li><small style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo_people#Europe" title="Indo people">Indo people</a></small></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Vietnamese people in the Netherlands">Vietnamese</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">West Asia</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs_in_the_Netherlands" title="Arabs in the Netherlands">Arabs</a> <ul> <li><small style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Iraqis in the Netherlands">Iraqis</a></small></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian-Dutch" title="Armenian-Dutch">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Assyrians in the Netherlands">Assyrians/Chaldeans/Syriacs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Iranians in the Netherlands">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_in_the_Netherlands" title="Turks in the Netherlands">Turkish</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Europe</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>French <ul> <li><small style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenot#The_Netherlands" title="Huguenot">Huguenots</a></small></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeks_in_the_Netherlands" title="Greeks in the Netherlands">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serbs_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serbs in the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_people#The_Netherlands" title="Norwegian people" class="mw-redirect">Norwegians</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_in_the_Netherlands" title="Portuguese in the Netherlands">Portuguese</a> <ul> <li><small style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephardic_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands">Sephardim</a></small></li> </ul> </li> <li>Spaniards <ul> <li><small style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150402015759/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephardic_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands">Sephardim</a></small></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"> <div><small style="font-size:85%;"><b>Bold</b> denotes ethnic groups that (partly) originate from within contemporary and historic parts of the Netherlands</small></div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1176 CPU time usage: 0.431 seconds Real time usage: 0.545 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2840/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 95281/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5594/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/40 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Lua time usage: 0.121/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4.02 MB/50 MB --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 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