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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducci%C3%B3n_de_costos" title="Reducción de costos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reducción de costos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4_%D9%87%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87" title="کاهش هزینه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاهش هزینه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9duction_de_co%C3%BBt" title="Réduction de coût – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réduction de coût" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cost_saving&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Cost saving">Cost saving</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Process used by organisations to reduce costs</div> <p><b>Cost reduction</b> is the process used by organisations aiming to reduce their <a href="/wiki/Cost" title="Cost">costs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Profit_maximization" title="Profit maximization">increase</a> their <a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">profits</a>, or to accommodate reduced income. Depending on a company’s <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a> or <a href="/wiki/Product_(business)" title="Product (business)">products</a>, the strategies can vary. Every decision in the <a href="/wiki/Product_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Product development">product development</a> process affects cost: design is typically considered to account for 70–80% of the final cost of a project such as an engineering project<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> of a building.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a>, cost reduction programs can be used where income is reduced or to reduce <a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">debt</a> levels.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance">Importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cost_reduction&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Companies typically launch a new product without focusing too much on cost. Cost becomes more important when <a href="/wiki/Competition_(economics)" title="Competition (economics)">competition</a> increases and <a href="/wiki/Price" title="Price">PRICE</a> becomes a differentiator in the market. The importance of cost reduction in relation to other strategic <a href="/wiki/Business_goal" class="mw-redirect" title="Business goal">business goals</a> is often debated.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_cost_reduction_strategies_and_programmes">Examples of cost reduction strategies and programmes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cost_reduction&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples of cost reduction strategies and programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_businesses">Commercial businesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cost_reduction&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Commercial businesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Consultants <a href="/wiki/Deloitte" title="Deloitte">Deloitte</a> reported in 2006 that over three-quarters of the <a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100</a> listed companies had commenced a cost reduction programme during the preceding 12 months. Cost reduction is most frequently stimulated by recognition that profits and <a href="/wiki/Profitability" class="mw-redirect" title="Profitability">profitability</a> are below expected levels.<sup id="cite_ref-del_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-del-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup> Some examples of programmes include: </p> <ul><li>Reductions in <a href="/wiki/Employee" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee">staff</a> numbers (head count). Doherty refers to staff reduction exercises as "a quick and easy method" whose use often means that companies lack the resources they need when business activities recover.<sup id="cite_ref-del_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-del-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup></li> <li>Component consolidation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Function_cost_analysis" title="Function cost analysis">Function cost analysis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Value_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Value analysis">Value analysis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Value_engineering" title="Value engineering">Value engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_manufacture" class="mw-redirect" title="Design for manufacture">Design for manufacture</a> / <a href="/wiki/Design_for_assembly" title="Design for assembly">Design for assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_costing" title="Reverse costing">Reverse costing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_driver" title="Cost driver">Cost driver</a> analysis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activity-based_costing" title="Activity-based costing">Activity-based costing</a> (ABC), which assigns a cost of each activity undertaken in the production and delivery of each product and service according to the actual consumption by each activity including a share of <a href="/wiki/Overheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Overheads">overheads</a>. Peter Turney, in a 1989 article, examines the role of ABC in the achievement of <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> excellence and the product cost information needed by managers working towards this goal.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Product <a href="/wiki/Benchmarking" title="Benchmarking">benchmarking</a></li> <li>Competitor benchmarking</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_to_cost" class="mw-redirect" title="Design to cost">Design to cost</a></li> <li>Property portfolio reviews addressing whether the <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">estate</a> occupied by a business continues to meet its needs, and also reviewing the <a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">tenure</a> which it holds on the estate: Deloitte's survey of British companies noted that "smaller firms in particular" rarely take advantage of the cost reductions they can secure through <a href="/wiki/Sale-and-leaseback" class="mw-redirect" title="Sale-and-leaseback">sale-and-leaseback</a> and similar deals.<sup id="cite_ref-del_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-del-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup></li> <li>Incorporation of "low-cost thinking" into an organisation's <a href="/wiki/Organizational_culture" title="Organizational culture">culture</a><sup id="cite_ref-del_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-del-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup></li> <li>Half cost strategies: ambitious strategies which aim to reduce the costs of specific production processes or <a href="/wiki/Value_added" title="Value added">value adding</a> stages to 1/N of the previous cost.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Examples specifically focussed on the use of suppliers and the costs of goods and services supplied include: </p> <ul><li>Supplier <a href="/wiki/Consolidation_(business)" title="Consolidation (business)">consolidation</a>: see examples in the <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer#Supply_chain" title="Aerospace manufacturer">aerospace manufacturing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-cost_country_sourcing" title="Low-cost country sourcing">Low-cost country sourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">Outsourcing</a>: experience in the United States suggests that businesses primarily outsource to reduce peripheral and "non-core" business expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Request_for_quotation" title="Request for quotation">Request for quotations</a> (RFQ)</li> <li>Supplier <a href="/wiki/Cost_breakdown_analysis" title="Cost breakdown analysis">cost breakdown analysis</a></li> <li>Design workshops with suppliers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_sector">Public sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cost_reduction&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Public sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a public sector <a href="/wiki/Spending_Review" title="Spending Review">spending review</a>, an overall target for reduction in expenditure may be identified: for example, in the United Kingdom, the 2010 spending review anticipated a reduction of £81bn in <a href="/wiki/Public_expenditure" class="mw-redirect" title="Public expenditure">public expenditure</a> over the four year budget planning period.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to meet the challenges of a significant reduction in expenditure, government departments are expected to look at how they can "take cost out of the business" rather than simply cut services.<sup id="cite_ref-nao_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nao-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the main principles expected of government departments in order to reduce costs is a "data-driven approach", i.e. ensuring that staff within the department have "a good understanding of the distribution and profile of costs in their business".<sup id="cite_ref-nao_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nao-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Centralisation of <a href="/wiki/Procurement" title="Procurement">procurement</a> activity has been hightlighted as a beneficial public sector cost reduction strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-nao_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nao-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6">: 6 </span></sup> </p><p>Scott Brown <i>et al</i>, of "Excellence in Business", note that in most cases, a successful approach to cost reduction which aims to maintain service quality "has at its heart an approach based on the principles of <a href="/wiki/Systems_thinking" title="Systems thinking">Systems Thinking</a>": a fundamental review of the whole service, its purpose and objectives.<sup id="cite_ref-brown_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Route Map for Change" which they advocate has been used effectively by <a href="/wiki/Kent_County_Council" title="Kent County Council">Kent County Council</a> for their <a href="/wiki/Highway_maintenance" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway maintenance">highway maintenance</a> contract, while the decommissioning of various warships and aircraft squadrons following the UK's <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defence_and_Security_Review_2010" title="Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010">Strategic Defence Review</a> in 2010 is seen as a good example of a strategic option appraisal.<sup id="cite_ref-brown_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cost_reduction&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barton, J. A. <i>et al</i>., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.aston.ac.uk/en/publications/design-determines-70-of-cost-a-review-of-implications-for-design-">Design determines 70% of cost? A review of implications for design evaluation</a>, Journal of Engineering Design, Volume 12, published 1 March 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Designing Buildings Wiki, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Cost_control_in_building_design_and_construction">Cost control in building design and construction</a>, last updated 15 August 2021, accessed 11 September 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey & Company</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/a-smarter-approach-to-cost-reduction-in-the-public-sector">A smarter approach to cost reduction in the public sector</a>, published 8 June 2018, accessed 19 April 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green, W., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cips.org/supply-management/news/2018/january/growth-trumps-cost-cutting-says-survey/">Growth trumps cost cutting, says survey</a>, <i>Supply Management</i>, published 31 January 2018, accessed 12 September 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-del-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-del_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-del_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-del_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-del_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Doherty, P. <i>et al.</i> (2006), <i>The cutting edge: Sound advice for a sustainable approach to reducing costs</i>, Deloitte</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turney, P., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ame.org/sites/default/files/target_articles/89Q2A4.pdf">Activity-Based Costing: A Tool for Manufacturing Excellence</a>, <i>Association for Manufacturing Excellence</i>, published summer 1989, accessed 13 September 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">High, P., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2017/01/03/astrazeneca-cio-makes-it-twice-as-good-at-half-the-cost-here-is-how/">AstraZeneca CIO Makes IT Twice As Good At Half The Cost - Here Is How</a>, Forbes.com, published 3 January 2017, accessed 10 January 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Forey, Gail, and Jane Lockwood. Globalization, Communication and the Workplace: Talking across the World. New York: Continuum, 2011. Electronic Book #21-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BBC News, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11579979">Spending Review 2010: George Osborne wields the axe</a>, published 20 October 2010, accessed 13 February 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nao-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nao_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nao_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nao_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Audit Office (United Kingdom)">National Audit Office</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/short_guide_to_structured_cost_reduction.pdf">A Short Guide to Structured Cost Reduction</a>, reference 009328-001, published June 2010, accessed 13 February 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brown-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brown_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brown_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, S., Hadden, C., Jones, K. and Roddie, R. (2010), <i>Radical Cost Reduction in Public Services</i>, published by Excellence in Business, p. 5</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cost_reduction&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarrett_R._Crane" class="citation journal cs1">Barrett R. Crane. "Cycle time & cost reduction in a low volume manufacturing environment". <i>MIT DSpace</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1%2F11020">1721.1/11020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIT+DSpace&rft.atitle=Cycle+time+%26+cost+reduction+in+a+low+volume+manufacturing+environment&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1721.1%2F11020&rft.au=Barrett+R.+Crane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACost+reduction" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApichart_Jearasatit" class="citation journal cs1">Apichart Jearasatit. "Using a total landed cost model to foster global logistics strategy in the electronics industry". <i>MIT DSpace</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1%2F60836">1721.1/60836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIT+DSpace&rft.atitle=Using+a+total+landed+cost+model+to+foster+global+logistics+strategy+in+the+electronics+industry&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1721.1%2F60836&rft.au=Apichart+Jearasatit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACost+reduction" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryan_K._Parks" class="citation journal cs1">Bryan K. Parks. "Cost and lead time reduction in the manufacture of injection molding tools". <i>MIT DSpace</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1%2F12092">1721.1/12092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIT+DSpace&rft.atitle=Cost+and+lead+time+reduction+in+the+manufacture+of+injection+molding+tools&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1721.1%2F12092&rft.au=Bryan+K.+Parks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACost+reduction" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cost_reduction&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potential_analysis" title="Potential analysis">Potential analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivity" title="Productivity">Productivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficiency" title="Efficiency">Efficiency</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cost_reduction&oldid=1251216243">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cost_reduction&oldid=1251216243</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Costs" title="Category:Costs">Costs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 October 2024, at 00:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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