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class="vheadingv"><b>Verse</b><a href="/bsb/leviticus/11.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/leviticus/11.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />&#8220Say to the Israelites: &#8216Of all the animals that live on land, these are the ones you may eat:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/leviticus/11.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />“Give the following instructions to the people of Israel. “Of all the land animals, these are the ones you may use for food.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/leviticus/11.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />“Speak to the people of Israel, saying, These are the living things that you may eat among all the animals that are on the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/leviticus/11.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />“Say to the Israelites, ‘Of all the beasts of the earth, these ones you may eat:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/leviticus/11.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These <i>are</i> the beasts which ye shall eat among all the beasts that <i>are</i> on the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/leviticus/11.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘These <i>are</i> the animals which you may eat among all the animals that <i>are</i> on the earth:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/leviticus/11.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />“Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘These are the creatures which you may eat from all the animals that are on the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/leviticus/11.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />&#8220Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, &#8216These are the creatures which you may eat from all the animals that are on the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/leviticus/11.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />“Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘These are the creatures which you may eat from all the animals that are on the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/leviticus/11.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />“Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘These are the creatures which you may eat from all the animals that are on the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/leviticus/11.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘Among all the animals which are on the earth, these are the animals which you may eat.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/leviticus/11.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />“Tell the Israelites: You may eat all these kinds of land animals.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/leviticus/11.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />Tell the Israelites: You may eat all these kinds of land animals.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/leviticus/11.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the living things which ye may eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/leviticus/11.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />to say to the community of Israel: You may eat <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/leviticus/11.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the living things which ye shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/leviticus/11.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />"Tell the Israelites: Here are the kinds of land animals you may eat:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/leviticus/11.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />for the people of Israel. You may eat any land animal <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/leviticus/11.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />"Tell the Israelis that these are the living creatures that you may eat among the animals of the earth: <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/leviticus/11.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />?Say to the Israelites, ?Of all the beasts of the earth, these ones you may eat:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/leviticus/11.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />"Tell the Israelites: 'This is the kind of creature you may eat from among all the animals that are on the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/leviticus/11.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />"Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'These are the living things which you may eat among all the animals that are on the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/leviticus/11.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />Speak to the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye may eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/leviticus/11.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘These are the living things which you may eat among all the animals that are on the earth. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/leviticus/11.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />“Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, This [is] the beast which you eat out of all the beasts which [are] on the earth:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/leviticus/11.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> Speak unto the sons of Israel, saying, This is the beast which ye do eat out of all the beasts which are on the earth:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/leviticus/11.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />Speak to the sons of Israel, saying These the beasts which ye shall eat from all the cattle which are upon the earth.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/leviticus/11.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />Say to the children of Israel: These are the animals which you are to eat of all the living things of the earth. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/leviticus/11.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />Say to the sons of Israel: These are the animals that you ought to eat out of all the living things of the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/leviticus/11.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />Speak to the Israelites and tell them: Of all land animals these are the ones you may eat:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/leviticus/11.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />Speak to the people of Israel, saying: From among all the land animals, these are the creatures that you may eat.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/leviticus/11.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />Speak to the children of Israel and say to them, These are the beasts which you shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/leviticus/11.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />“Speak with the children of Israel and say to them: ‘This animal you shall be eating of every beast that is on land.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/leviticus/11.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />Speak unto the children of Israel, saying: These are the living things which ye may eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/leviticus/11.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />Speak ye to the sons of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye shall eat of all beasts that are upon the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/leviticus/11-2.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NWs_V1RyMFo?start=2409" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/leviticus/11.htm">Clean and Unclean Animals</a></span><br><span class="reftext">1</span>The LORD spoke again to Moses and Aaron, telling them, <span class="reftext">2</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/1696.htm" title="1696: dab·bə·rū (V-Piel-Imp-mp) -- To speak. A primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively, to speak; rarely to subdue.">“Say</a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: ’el- (Prep) -- To, into, towards. ">to</a> <a href="/hebrew/1121.htm" title="1121: bə·nê (N-mpc) -- Son. From banah; a son, in the widest sense (like 'ab, 'ach, etc.).">the Israelites,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3478.htm" title="3478: yiś·rā·’êl (N-proper-ms) -- From sarah and 'el; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also of his posterity."></a> <a href="/hebrew/559.htm" title="559: lê·mōr (Prep-l:: V-Qal-Inf) -- To utter, say. A primitive root; to say."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2063.htm" title="2063: zōṯ (Pro-fs) -- Hereby in it, likewise, the one other, same, she, so much, such deed, that. Irregular feminine of zeh; this.">‘</a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: mik·kāl (Prep-m:: N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">Of all</a> <a href="/hebrew/929.htm" title="929: hab·bə·hê·māh (Art:: N-fs) -- A beast, animal, cattle. From an unused root; properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal.">the beasts</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al- (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications.">of</a> <a href="/hebrew/776.htm" title="776: hā·’ā·reṣ (Art:: N-fs) -- Earth, land. From an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth.">the earth,</a> <a href="/hebrew/2416.htm" title="2416: ha·ḥay·yāh (Art:: N-fs) -- Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life. From chayah; alive; hence, raw; fresh, strong; also life, whether literally or figuratively.">these ones</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc."></a> <a href="/hebrew/398.htm" title="398: tō·ḵə·lū (V-Qal-Imperf-2mp) -- To eat. A primitive root; to eat.">you may eat:</a> </span><span class="reftext">3</span>You may eat any animal that has a split hoof completely divided and that chews the cud.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/14-3.htm">Deuteronomy 14:3-21</a></span><br />You must not eat any detestable thing. / These are the animals that you may eat: The ox, the sheep, the goat, / the deer, the gazelle, the roe deer, the wild goat, the ibex, the antelope, and the mountain sheep. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/10-9.htm">Acts 10:9-16</a></span><br />The next day at about the sixth hour, as the men were approaching the city on their journey, Peter went up on the roof to pray. / He became hungry and wanted something to eat, but while the meal was being prepared, he fell into a trance. / He saw heaven open and something like a large sheet being let down to earth by its four corners. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/mark/7-18.htm">Mark 7:18-19</a></span><br />“Are you still so dull?” He asked. “Do you not understand? Nothing that enters a man from the outside can defile him, / because it does not enter his heart, but it goes into the stomach and then is eliminated.” (Thus all foods are clean.)<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/15-11.htm">Matthew 15:11</a></span><br />A man is not defiled by what enters his mouth, but by what comes out of it.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/romans/14-14.htm">Romans 14:14</a></span><br />I am convinced and fully persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_timothy/4-4.htm">1 Timothy 4:4-5</a></span><br />For every creation of God is good, and nothing that is received with thanksgiving should be rejected, / because it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/genesis/7-2.htm">Genesis 7:2-3</a></span><br />You are to take with you seven pairs of every kind of clean animal, a male and its mate; a pair of every kind of unclean animal, a male and its mate; / and seven pairs of every kind of bird of the air, male and female, to preserve their offspring on the face of all the earth.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/genesis/9-3.htm">Genesis 9:3-4</a></span><br />Everything that lives and moves will be food for you; just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you all things. / But you must not eat meat with its lifeblood still in it.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/66-17.htm">Isaiah 66:17</a></span><br />“Those who consecrate and purify themselves to enter the groves—to follow one in the center of those who eat the flesh of swine and vermin and rats—will perish together,” declares the LORD.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/4-14.htm">Ezekiel 4:14</a></span><br />“Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “I have never defiled myself. From my youth until now I have not eaten anything found dead or mauled by wild beasts. No unclean meat has ever entered my mouth.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/hosea/9-3.htm">Hosea 9:3</a></span><br />They will not remain in the land of the LORD; Ephraim will return to Egypt and eat unclean food in Assyria.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/daniel/1-8.htm">Daniel 1:8</a></span><br />But Daniel made up his mind that he would not defile himself with the king’s food or wine. So he asked the chief official for permission not to defile himself.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/15-28.htm">Acts 15:28-29</a></span><br />It seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us not to burden you with anything beyond these essential requirements: / You must abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals, and from sexual immorality. You will do well to avoid these things. Farewell.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/colossians/2-16.htm">Colossians 2:16-17</a></span><br />Therefore let no one judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a feast, a New Moon, or a Sabbath. / These are a shadow of the things to come, but the body that casts it belongs to Christ.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/hebrews/9-10.htm">Hebrews 9:10</a></span><br />They consist only in food and drink and special washings—external regulations imposed until the time of reform.</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">Speak to the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which you shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/deuteronomy/14-3.htm">Deuteronomy 14:3-8</a></b></br> Thou shalt not eat any abominable thing… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/ezekiel/4-14.htm">Ezekiel 4:14</a></b></br> Then said I, Ah Lord GOD! behold, my soul hath not been polluted: for from my youth up even till now have I not eaten of that which dieth of itself, or is torn in pieces; neither came there abominable flesh into my mouth.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/daniel/1-8.htm">Daniel 1:8</a></b></br> But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the king's meat, nor with the wine which he drank: therefore he requested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/leviticus/7-24.htm">Animals</a> <a href="/leviticus/7-26.htm">Beast</a> <a href="/leviticus/7-24.htm">Beasts</a> <a href="/leviticus/10-14.htm">Children</a> <a href="/leviticus/5-2.htm">Creatures</a> <a href="/leviticus/6-28.htm">Earth</a> <a href="/leviticus/10-18.htm">Eat</a> <a href="/leviticus/10-18.htm">Food</a> <a href="/leviticus/10-14.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/leviticus/10-14.htm">Israelites</a> <a href="/leviticus/7-26.htm">Live</a> <a href="/leviticus/9-2.htm">Ones</a> <a href="/leviticus/9-3.htm">Speak</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/leviticus/11-3.htm">Animals</a> <a href="/leviticus/11-3.htm">Beast</a> <a href="/leviticus/11-3.htm">Beasts</a> <a href="/leviticus/12-2.htm">Children</a> <a href="/leviticus/11-9.htm">Creatures</a> <a href="/leviticus/11-20.htm">Earth</a> <a href="/leviticus/11-3.htm">Eat</a> <a href="/leviticus/11-3.htm">Food</a> <a href="/leviticus/12-2.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/leviticus/12-2.htm">Israelites</a> <a href="/leviticus/13-24.htm">Live</a> <a href="/numbers/1-16.htm">Ones</a> <a href="/leviticus/16-2.htm">Speak</a><div class="vheading2">Leviticus 11</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/leviticus/11-1.htm">What animals may be eaten</a></span><br><span class="reftext">4. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/leviticus/11-4.htm">and what may not be eaten</a></span><br><span class="reftext">9. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/leviticus/11-9.htm">What fishes</a></span><br><span class="reftext">13. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/leviticus/11-13.htm">What fowls</a></span><br><span class="reftext">29. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/leviticus/11-29.htm">The creeping things which are unclean</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/leviticus/11.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/leviticus/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/leviticus/11.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>Say to the Israelites</b><br>This directive is given specifically to the Israelites, the chosen people of God, highlighting their unique covenant relationship with Him. The Israelites were set apart from other nations, and this command underscores their distinct identity. The phrase "Say to the Israelites" is a common introduction in Leviticus, indicating divine instruction through Moses. This reflects the theocratic nature of Israel's society, where God directly communicated His laws to His people.<p><b>Of all the beasts of the earth</b><br>The term "beasts of the earth" refers to land animals, encompassing a wide variety of creatures. This phrase sets the stage for a detailed classification of animals, distinguishing between those that are clean and unclean. The categorization of animals is significant in the context of ancient Israel, as it reflects God's concern for holiness and purity. The earth, as God's creation, is filled with diverse life, and this commandment acknowledges the breadth of God's creation while setting boundaries for human consumption.<p><b>These ones you may eat</b><br>This phrase introduces the concept of dietary laws, which are central to Levitical regulations. The permission to eat certain animals is not arbitrary but is based on criteria that God established. These dietary laws served multiple purposes: they were a means of maintaining ritual purity, promoting health, and distinguishing the Israelites from surrounding nations. The permission to eat specific animals is a reminder of God's provision and care for His people. In a broader theological context, these laws foreshadow the ultimate purity and holiness found in Jesus Christ, who fulfills the law and offers spiritual nourishment to believers.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/m/moses.htm">Moses</a></b><br>The leader of the Israelites who received the laws from God and communicated them to the people.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/i/israelites.htm">Israelites</a></b><br>The chosen people of God, descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who were given the Law to set them apart as holy.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/m/mount_sinai.htm">Mount Sinai</a></b><br>The place where God gave Moses the Law, including dietary regulations, to guide the Israelites in their covenant relationship with Him.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/h/holiness_and_distinction.htm">Holiness and Distinction</a></b><br>The dietary laws were given to set the Israelites apart as a holy nation. As Christians, we are called to live distinct lives that reflect God's holiness.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/o/obedience_to_god's_commands.htm">Obedience to God's Commands</a></b><br>The Israelites were to obey these laws as a sign of their covenant relationship with God. Similarly, our obedience to God's Word is a reflection of our love and commitment to Him.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/u/understanding_fulfillment_in_christ.htm">Understanding Fulfillment in Christ</a></b><br>While the dietary laws were specific to the Old Covenant, they point to the greater reality of purity and holiness fulfilled in Christ. We are called to live in the freedom and purity that Christ provides.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/c/cultural_and_historical_context.htm">Cultural and Historical Context</a></b><br>Understanding the historical and cultural context of these laws helps us appreciate their significance and the radical nature of the New Covenant in Christ.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/s/spiritual_discernment.htm">Spiritual Discernment</a></b><br>Just as the Israelites were to discern between clean and unclean, we are called to discern what is spiritually beneficial and what is not, guided by the Holy Spirit.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_leviticus_11.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Leviticus 11</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_are_kosher_dietary_rules.htm">What are the main rules of Kosher dietary laws?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_makes_animals_clean_or_unclean.htm">What distinguishes clean from unclean animals in scripture?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/follow_old_testament_dietary_laws.htm">Should we obey Old Testament dietary laws? (Leviticus 11:1-47 vs. Mark 7:18-19)</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_ban_honey_in_leviticus_offerings.htm">Leviticus 2:11: Why prohibit honey in offerings, considering it was a widely available sweetener and valued commodity in that region?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/leviticus/11.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(2) <span class= "bld">These are the beasts which ye shall eat among all . . . --</span>Better, <span class= "ital">These are the animals which ye may eat of all </span>. . . . The dietary laws, which stand first in the general precepts about clean and unclean things, begin with the quadrupeds, or land animals, both domesticated and wild. This is in accordance with the Hebrew division of the animal kingdom into four principal classes :--(1) the land animals, (2) the water animals, (3) the birds of the air, and (4) the swarming animals. ? Though not specified here by name, yet the parallel regulations in <a href="/context/deuteronomy/14-4.htm" title="These are the beasts which you shall eat: the ox, the sheep, and the goat,">Deuteronomy 14:4-5</a> enumerate the following ten animals :--the ox, the sheep, the goat, the hart, the roebuck, the fallow deer, the wild goat, the pygang, the wild ox, and the chamois, with their various kindred species, which are not mentioned. From the expression, "These are the animals," the opinion obtained during the second Temple that God actually caused specimens of every animal to pass before Moses and Aaron, in order to show them the veritable creatures which are clean and unclean, just as the Lord caused every species to come to Noah into the ark.<span class= "bld"><p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/leviticus/11.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 2.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">These are the beasts that ye shall eat.</span> In order that the Israelites might know how to avoid the uncleanness arising from the consumption of unclean flesh, plain rules are given them by which they may distinguish what flesh is clean and what is unclean. The first rule is that anything that dies of itself is unclean, whether it be beast, bird, or fish. The reasons of this are plain: for <p><span class="note_emph">(1)</span> the flesh still retains the blood, which no Israelite might eat; and <p><span class="note_emph">(2)</span> there is something loathsome in the idea of eating such flesh. Next, as to beasts, a class is marked off as edible by two plainly discernible characteristics, and instances are given to show that where there is any doubt owing to the animals possessing one of the characteristic marks only, the rule is to be construed strictly. As to fish and insects, equally plain rules, one in each case, are laid down; but as birds are not readily distinguished into large classes, the names of those that are unclean are given one by one, the remainder being all of them permissible. Thus the simple Israelite would run no risk of incurring uncleanness by inadvertently eating unclean food, whether of beast, bird, fish, or insect. The object of the regulations being to exclude all meats naturally offensive to the human taste, all carnivorous quadrupeds are shut out by the rule of chewing the cud (verse 3), with the same purpose, birds of prey and birds that eat offal are prohibited (verses 13-19), and scaleless fish on account of their repulsive appearance (verses 9-12), as well as beetles, maggots, and vermin of all sorts. In the case of beasts and fish, the rules laid down to mark off those things that are offensive, being general in their application, are such as to include in the forbidden class some few which do not appear naturally loathsome. This is owing partly to the difficulty of classification, partly to a change of feeling which experience has wrought in the sentiments of mankind with regard to such edibles as swine's flesh and shell-fish. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/leviticus/11-2.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">“Say</span><br /><span class="heb">דַּבְּר֛וּ</span> <span class="translit">(dab·bə·rū)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1696.htm">Strong's 1696: </a> </span><span class="str2">To arrange, to speak, to subdue</span><br /><br /><span class="word">to</span><br /><span class="heb">אֶל־</span> <span class="translit">(’el-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_413.htm">Strong's 413: </a> </span><span class="str2">Near, with, among, to</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the Israelites,</span><br /><span class="heb">בְּנֵ֥י</span> <span class="translit">(bə·nê)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine plural construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1121.htm">Strong's 1121: </a> </span><span class="str2">A son</span><br /><br /><span class="word">‘Of all</span><br /><span class="heb">מִכָּל־</span> <span class="translit">(mik·kāl)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> </span><span class="str2">The whole, all, any, every</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the beasts</span><br /><span class="heb">הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה</span> <span class="translit">(hab·bə·hê·māh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_929.htm">Strong's 929: </a> </span><span class="str2">A dumb beast, any large quadruped, animal</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of</span><br /><span class="heb">עַל־</span> <span class="translit">(‘al-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5921.htm">Strong's 5921: </a> </span><span class="str2">Above, over, upon, against</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the earth,</span><br /><span class="heb">הָאָֽרֶץ׃</span> <span class="translit">(hā·’ā·reṣ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_776.htm">Strong's 776: </a> </span><span class="str2">Earth, land</span><br /><br /><span class="word">you may eat</span><br /><span class="heb">תֹּאכְל֔וּ</span> <span class="translit">(tō·ḵə·lū)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_398.htm">Strong's 398: </a> </span><span class="str2">To eat</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/leviticus/11-2.htm">Leviticus 11:2 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/leviticus/11-2.htm">Leviticus 11:2 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/leviticus/11-2.htm">Leviticus 11:2 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/leviticus/11-2.htm">Leviticus 11:2 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/leviticus/11-2.htm">Leviticus 11:2 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/leviticus/11-2.htm">Leviticus 11:2 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/leviticus/11-2.htm">Leviticus 11:2 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/leviticus/11-2.htm">Leviticus 11:2 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/leviticus/11-2.htm">Leviticus 11:2 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/leviticus/11-2.htm">Leviticus 11:2 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/leviticus/11-2.htm">OT Law: Leviticus 11:2 Speak to the children of Israel saying (Le Lv Lev.) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/leviticus/11-1.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Leviticus 11:1"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Leviticus 11:1" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/leviticus/11-3.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Leviticus 11:3"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Leviticus 11:3" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>