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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American poet and poetic filmmaker (1913–1999)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">James Broughton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Broughton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/James_Broughton.jpg/220px-James_Broughton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/James_Broughton.jpg/330px-James_Broughton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/James_Broughton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="303" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1913-11-10</span>)</span>November 10, 1913<br /><a href="/wiki/Modesto,_California" title="Modesto, California">Modesto</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">May 17, 1999<span style="display:none">(1999-05-17)</span> (aged 85)<br /><a href="/wiki/Port_Townsend,_Washington" title="Port Townsend, Washington">Port Townsend, Washington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">Poet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memoirist" class="mw-redirect" title="Memoirist">memoirist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">playwright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film-maker" class="mw-redirect" title="Film-maker">film-maker</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Broughton</b> (November 10, 1913 – May 17, 1999) was an American poet and poetic filmmaker. He was part of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Renaissance" title="San Francisco Renaissance">San Francisco Renaissance</a>, a precursor to the <a href="/wiki/Beat_poet" class="mw-redirect" title="Beat poet">Beat poets</a>. He was an early bard of the <a href="/wiki/Radical_Faeries" title="Radical Faeries">Radical Faeries</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-rfd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Sisters_of_Perpetual_Indulgence" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence">The Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-obit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving the community as Sister Sermonetta. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Broughton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Broughton was born to wealthy parents in <a href="/wiki/Modesto,_California" title="Modesto, California">Modesto, California</a>. His father died when he was five years old in the <a href="/wiki/1918_influenza_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 influenza epidemic">1918 influenza epidemic</a>, and he spent his childhood in San Francisco. Before he was three, "Sunny Jim" experienced a transformational visit from his muse, Hermy, which he describes in his autobiography, <i>Coming Unbuttoned</i> (1993):<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I remember waking in the dark and hearing my parents arguing in the next room. But a more persistent sound, a kind of whirring whistle, spun a light across the ceiling. I stood up in my crib and looked into the backyard. Over a neighbor’s palm tree a pulsing headlamp came whistling directly toward me. When it had whirled right up to my window, out of its radiance stepped a naked boy. He was at least three years older than I but he looked all ages at once. He had no wings, but I knew he was angel-sent: his laughing beauty illuminated the night and his melodious voice enraptured my ears…. He insisted I would always be a poet even if I tried not to be….Despite what I might hear to the contrary the world was not a miserable prison, it was a playground for a nonstop tournament between stupidity and imagination. If I followed the game sharply enough, I could be a useful spokesman for Big Joy.</p></blockquote> <p>Broughton was kicked out of military school for having an affair with a classmate, and attended <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> before dropping out just before his class graduated in 1935. In 1945, he won the Alden Award given by the Stanford Dramatists' Alliance for his original screenplay <i>Summer Fury</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent time in Europe during the 1950s, where he received an award in Cannes from Jean Cocteau for the "poetic fantasy" of his film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pleasure_Garden_(1953_film)" title="The Pleasure Garden (1953 film)">The Pleasure Garden</a></i>, made in England with partner <a href="/wiki/Kermit_Sheets" title="Kermit Sheets">Kermit Sheets</a>. </p><p>Through his career, Broughton produced 25 books and 23 films. In 1967's "summer of love", Broughton made a film, <i>The Bed</i>, which broke taboos against frontal nudity and won prizes at many film festivals. The film rekindled Broughton's filmmaking and led to more films including <i>The Golden Positions</i>, <i>This Is It</i>, <i>The Water Circle</i>, <i>High Kukus</i>, and <i>Dreamwood</i>. Broughton's films developed a following, especially among students at the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Art_Institute" title="San Francisco Art Institute">San Francisco Art Institute</a>, where he taught film (and wrote <i>Seeing the Light</i>, a book about filmmaking) and artistic ritual. In 1965, Broughton collaborated with harpist Joel Andrews to produce <i>The Bard & the Harper</i>, an album of recited poetry and music, on Gleeman Records.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_Joel_Singer">With Joel Singer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Broughton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: With Joel Singer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As poet <a href="/wiki/Jack_Foley_(poet)" title="Jack Foley (poet)">Jack Foley</a> writes in <i>All: A James Broughton Reader</i>, "In Broughton's moment of need, Hermy appeared again in the person of a twenty-five-year-old Canadian film student named Joel Singer... Broughton's meeting with Singer was a life-changing, life-determining moment,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that animated his consciousness with a power that lasted until his death." In 2004, Singer wrote of their long relationship and collaboration in <a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Crane_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Crane (magazine) (page does not exist)">White Crane</a><i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>With Singer, Broughton traveled and made more films – <i>Hermes Bird</i> (1979), a slow-motion look at an erection shot with the camera developed to photograph atomic bomb explosions, <i>The Gardener of Eden</i> (1981), filmed when they lived in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <i>Devotions</i> (1983), a study of male relationships, and <i>Scattered Remains</i> (1988), a tribute to Broughton's poetry and filmmaking. </p><p>Broughton explored death deeply throughout his life.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in May 1999 with champagne on his lips, in the house in <a href="/wiki/Port_Townsend,_Washington" title="Port Townsend, Washington">Port Townsend, Washington</a>, where he and Singer had lived for 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His last words were: "My creeping decrepitude has crept me all the way to the crypt." His gravestone in a Port Townsend cemetery reads, "Adventure – not predicament."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Broughton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i>Coming Unbuttoned</i>, Broughton remarks on his love affairs with both men and women. Among his male lovers was gay activist <a href="/wiki/Harry_Hay" title="Harry Hay">Harry Hay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Broughton had many creative love affairs during the San Francisco <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat Scene</a>. He briefly lived with the film critic <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a> and they had a daughter, Gina, who was born in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Broughton put off marriage until the age of 49, when he married Suzanna Hart in a three-day ceremony on the Pacific coast, documented by his friend, the experimental filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Stan_Brakhage" title="Stan Brakhage">Stan Brakhage</a>. Hart and Broughton had two children, and built a counter-culture community along with friends including <a href="/wiki/Alan_Watts" title="Alan Watts">Alan Watts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_McClure" title="Michael McClure">Michael McClure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Halprin" title="Anna Halprin">Anna Halprin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Imogen_Cunningham" title="Imogen Cunningham">Imogen Cunningham</a>. </p><p>Broughton is the subject of the 2012 documentary <i>Big Joy: the Adventures of James Broughton</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from Stephen Silha, Eric Slade, Dawn Logson and cinematographer Ian Hinkle.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Broughton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><i>The Potted Psalm</i> (with <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Peterson" title="Sidney Peterson">Sidney Peterson</a>) (1946) 18 min</li> <li><i>Mother's Day</i> (1948) 22 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Adventures of Jimmy</i> (1950) 11 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Four in the Afternoon</i> (1951) 15 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Loony Tom, The Happy Lover</i> (1951) 10.5 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>The Pleasure Garden</i> (1953) 38 min 35 mm</li> <li><i>The Bed</i> (1968) 20 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Nuptiae</i> (1969) 14 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>The Golden Positions</i> (1970) 16 mm</li> <li><i>This Is It</i> (1971) 10 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Dreamwood</i> (1972) 45 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>High Kukus</i> (1973) 3 min 16 mm</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><i>Testament</i> (1974) 20 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>The Water Circle</i> (1975) 3 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Together</i> (with Joel Singer) (1976) 3 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Erogeny</i> (1976) 6 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Windowmobile</i> (with Joel Singer) (1977) 8 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Song of the Godbody</i> (with Joel Singer) (1977) 11 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Hermes Bird</i> (1979) 11 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>The Gardener of Eden</i> (with Joel Singer) (1981) 8.5 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Shaman Psalm </i>(with Joel Singer) (1981) 7 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Devotions</i> (with Joel Singer) (1983) 22 min 16 mm</li> <li><i>Scattered Remains</i> (with Joel Singer) (1988) 14 min 16 mm</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Broughton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><i>Songs for Certain Children</i> (1947) San Francisco: Adrian Wilson</li> <li><i>The Playground</i> (1949) San Francisco: Centaur Press</li> <li><i>Musical Chairs</i> (1950) San Francisco: Centaur Press</li> <li><i>The Ballad of Mad Jenny</i> (1950) San Francisco: Centaur Press</li> <li><i>An Almanac for Amorists</i> (1955) Paris: Collection Merlin</li> <li><i>True & False Unicorn</i> (1957) New York: Grove Press</li> <li><i>The Right Playmate</i> (1964) San Francisco: Pearce & Bennett</li> <li><i>Tidings</i> (1965) San Francisco: Pterodactyl Press</li> <li><i>High Kukus</i> (1969) New York: Jargon Society</li> <li><i>A Long Undressing</i> (1971) New York: Jargon Society</li> <li><i>Erogeny: A Geographical Expedition</i> (1976) San Francisco: ManRoot Books</li> <li><i>Seeing the Light</i> (1977) republished as <i>Making Light of It</i> (1992) San Francisco: City Lights Books</li> <li><i>Odes for Odd Occasions</i> (1977) San Francisco: Manroot Press</li> <li><i>The Androgyne Journal</i> (1977) Oakland, CA: Scrimshaw Press</li> <li><i>Hymns to Hermes</i> (1979) San Francisco: Manroot Press</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><i>Graffiti for the Johns of Heaven</i> (1982) Mill Valley, CA: Syzygy Press</li> <li><i>Ecstasies</i> (1983) Mill Valley, CA: Syzygy Press</li> <li><i>A to Z: 26 Sermonettes</i> (1986) Mill Valley, CA: Syzygy Press</li> <li><i>Hooplas</i> (1988) San Francisco: Pennywhistle Press</li> <li><i>75 Life Lines</i> (1988) Winston-Salem, NC: Jargon Society</li> <li><i>Special Deliveries: Selected Poems</i> (1990) Seattle, WA: Broken Moon Press</li> <li><i>Coming Unbuttoned</i> (1993) San Francisco: City Lights Press</li> <li><i>Little Sermons of the Big Joy</i> (1994) Philadelphia, PA: Insight to Riot Press</li> <li><i>Little Prayers to Big Joy's Mother</i> (1995) Port Townsend, WA: Syzygy Press</li> <li><i>Packing Up for Paradise: Selected Poems 1946-1996</i> (1997) Santa Barbara, CA & Ann Arbor, MI: Black Sparrow Press</li> <li><i>ALL: A James Broughton Reader</i> (2007) edited by Jack Foley, Brooklyn, NY: White Crane Books</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Broughton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><i>The Bard & The Harper</i> (1965)</li></ul> <p>with Joel Andrews: Gleeman – MEA LP 1013   </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collections">Collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Broughton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Films of James Broughton</i>, a DVD compilation of seventeen films on three discs, was released in 2006 by Facets Multimedia.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A selected collection of his work, <i>All: A James Broughton Reader</i>, edited by Jack Foley, was released in 2007 by White Crane Books. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Broughton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Big+Joy&rft.atitle=James%27+Journals&rft.date=2015-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigjoy.org%2Ftwirl%2Fjames-journal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Broughton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ripe Fruit" by Joel Singer, White Crane – Spring 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigjoy.org/twirl/3-james-broughton-poems-on-death-old-age-and-life/">"3 James Broughton poems on death, old age, and life"</a>. <i>Big Joy</i>. 2016-04-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Big+Joy&rft.atitle=3+James+Broughton+poems+on+death%2C+old+age%2C+and+life.&rft.date=2016-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigjoy.org%2Ftwirl%2F3-james-broughton-poems-on-death-old-age-and-life%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Broughton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnuSKLgzriY&list=PLvwjlMDgXFFUYKPpqdIa0O55u1kbvCvwi">"The Poetic Death of the Visionary James Broughton"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. 12 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=The+Poetic+Death+of+the+Visionary+James+Broughton&rft.date=2015-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DLnuSKLgzriY%26list%3DPLvwjlMDgXFFUYKPpqdIa0O55u1kbvCvwi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Broughton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnuSKLgzriY&list=PLvwjlMDgXFFUYKPpqdIa0O55u1kbvCvwi">"The Poetic Death of the Visionary James Broughton"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. 12 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=The+Poetic+Death+of+the+Visionary+James+Broughton&rft.date=2015-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DLnuSKLgzriY%26list%3DPLvwjlMDgXFFUYKPpqdIa0O55u1kbvCvwi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Broughton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glbtq.com/arts/broughton_j.html">glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081230192205/http://www.glbtq.com/arts/broughton_j.html">Archived</a> 2008-12-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Gary Morris, January 9, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigjoy.org/twirl/james-story/">"James' Story"</a>. <i>Big Joy</i>. 2015-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Big+Joy&rft.atitle=James%27+Story&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigjoy.org%2Ftwirl%2Fjames-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Broughton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702132658/http://www.bigjoy.org/">"the Adventures of James Broughton |Simplify, Clarify, Vivify|"</a>. Big Joy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bigjoy.org/">the original</a> on 2014-07-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=the+Adventures+of+James+Broughton+%26%23124%3BSimplify%2C+Clarify%2C+Vivify%26%23124%3B&rft.pub=Big+Joy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bigjoy.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Broughton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2048708/?ref_=ttfc_fc_tt">IMDB</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd_Konrad" class="citation web cs1">Todd Konrad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140105010001/http://www.independentfilmquarterly.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=457&Itemid=115">"The Films of James Broughton"</a>. <i>Independent Film Quarterly</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independentfilmquarterly.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=457&Itemid=115">the original</a> on January 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent+Film+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Films+of+James+Broughton&rft.au=Todd+Konrad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independentfilmquarterly.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D457%26Itemid%3D115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Broughton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Broughton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0112687/">James Broughton</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://film-makerscoop.com/filmmakers/james-broughton?page=2">Films of James Broughton</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigjoy.org/twirl/big-joy-the-film/"><i>Big Joy: The Adventures of James Broughton</i></a>, 2013 documentary film</li> <li>Morris, Gary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brightlightsfilm.com/laughing-pan-james-broughton/">"Laughing Pan: James Broughton"</a> <i>Bright Lights Film Journal</i>, issue 27 (2000)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Poets_in_The_New_American_Poetry_1945%E2%80%931960" title="Template:Poets in The New American Poetry 1945–1960"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Poets_in_The_New_American_Poetry_1945%E2%80%931960" title="Template talk:Poets in The New American Poetry 1945–1960"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Poets_in_The_New_American_Poetry_1945%E2%80%931960" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Poets in The New American Poetry 1945–1960"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Poets_in_The_New_American_Poetry_1945–1960" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_New_American_Poetry_1945%E2%80%931960" title="The New American Poetry 1945–1960">Poets in <i>The New American Poetry 1945–1960</i></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Adam" title="Helen Adam">Helen Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashbery" title="John Ashbery">John Ashbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Blackburn_(poet)" title="Paul Blackburn (poet)">Paul Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Blaser" title="Robin Blaser">Robin Blaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bremser" title="Ray Bremser">Ray Bremser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Antoninus" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother Antoninus">Brother Antoninus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Broughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Carroll_(poet)" title="Paul Carroll (poet)">Paul Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Corso" title="Gregory Corso">Gregory Corso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Creeley" title="Robert Creeley">Robert Creeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Dorn" title="Ed Dorn">Edward Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Doyle" title="Kirby Doyle">Kirby Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duncan_(poet)" title="Robert Duncan (poet)">Robert Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Eigner" title="Larry Eigner">Larry Eigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ferlinghetti" title="Lawrence Ferlinghetti">Lawrence Ferlinghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Field_(poet)" title="Edward Field (poet)">Edward Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeline_Gleason" title="Madeline Gleason">Madeline Gleason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Guest" title="Barbara Guest">Barbara Guest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeRoi_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="LeRoi Jones">LeRoi Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Koch" title="Kenneth Koch">Kenneth Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lamantia" title="Philip Lamantia">Philip Lamantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Levertov" title="Denise Levertov">Denise Levertov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Loewinsohn" title="Ron Loewinsohn">Ron Loewinsohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McClure" title="Michael McClure">Michael McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Meltzer_(poet)" title="David Meltzer (poet)">David Meltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_O%27Hara" title="Frank O'Hara">Frank O'Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Olson" title="Charles Olson">Charles Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Oppenheimer" title="Joel Oppenheimer">Joel Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Orlovsky" title="Peter Orlovsky">Peter Orlovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Schuyler" title="James Schuyler">James Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Sorrentino" title="Gilbert Sorrentino">Gilbert Sorrentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Spicer" title="Jack Spicer">Jack Spicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Welch" title="Lew Welch">Lew Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Whalen" title="Philip Whalen">Philip Whalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wieners" title="John Wieners">John Wieners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Williams_(poet)" title="Jonathan Williams (poet)">Jonathan Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2402538#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2402538#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2402538#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/140881352">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81070540">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12663599q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12663599q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0171683&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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