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<li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Coordination compounds with N<sub>2</sub></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RuA5N2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/RuA5N2.png/175px-RuA5N2.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/RuA5N2.png/263px-RuA5N2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/RuA5N2.png/350px-RuA5N2.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Structure of [Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>(N<sub>2</sub>)]<sup>2+</sup>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ReCl(dppe)2N2-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/ReCl%28dppe%292N2-3D-balls.png/175px-ReCl%28dppe%292N2-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/ReCl%28dppe%292N2-3D-balls.png/263px-ReCl%28dppe%292N2-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/ReCl%28dppe%292N2-3D-balls.png/350px-ReCl%28dppe%292N2-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ball-and-stick_model" title="Ball-and-stick model">Ball-and-stick model</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a><a href="/wiki/1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane" title="1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane">(dppe)<sub>2</sub></a><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N<sub>2</sub></a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PetersFeN2-attrane.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PetersFeN2-attrane.svg/150px-PetersFeN2-attrane.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PetersFeN2-attrane.svg/225px-PetersFeN2-attrane.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PetersFeN2-attrane.svg/300px-PetersFeN2-attrane.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="120" /></a><figcaption>Fe(0)-N<sub>2</sub> complex.<sup id="cite_ref-Peters_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Transition metal dinitrogen complexes</b> are <a href="/wiki/Coordination_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordination compound">coordination compounds</a> that contain <a href="/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal">transition metals</a> as ion centers the <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">dinitrogen</a> molecules (N<sub>2</sub>) as <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_background">Historical background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Transition metal complexes of N<sub>2</sub> have been studied since 1965 when the first complex was reported by Allen and Senoff.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Diamagnetism" title="Diamagnetism">diamagnetic</a> complex, <a href="/wiki/Pentaamine(nitrogen)ruthenium(II)_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaamine(nitrogen)ruthenium(II) chloride">[Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>(N<sub>2</sub>)]<sup>2+</sup></a>, was synthesized from <a href="/wiki/Hydrazine_hydrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrazine hydrate">hydrazine hydrate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_trichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium trichloride">ruthenium trichloride</a> and consists of a [Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> centre attached to one end of N<sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen&Senoff_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen&Senoff-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The existence of N<sub>2</sub> as a ligand in this compound was identified by IR spectrum with a strong band around 2170–2100 cm<sup>−1</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen&Senoff_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen&Senoff-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966, the molecular structure of [Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>(N<sub>2</sub>)]Cl<sub>2</sub> was determined by Bottomly and Nyburg by <a href="/wiki/X-ray_crystallography" title="X-ray crystallography">X-ray crystallography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dinitrogen complex <i>trans</i>-[IrCl(N<sub>2</sub>)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] is made by treating <a href="/wiki/Vaska%27s_complex" title="Vaska's complex">Vaska's complex</a> with aromatic <a href="/wiki/Acyl_azide" title="Acyl azide">acyl azides</a>. It has a planar geometry.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first preparation of a metal-dinitrogen complex using dinitrogen was reported in 1967 by Yamamoto and coworkers. They obtained [Co(H)(N<sub>2</sub>)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] by reduction of <a href="/wiki/Tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III)" title="Tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III)">Co(acac)<sub>3</sub></a> with AlEt<sub>2</sub>OEt under an atmosphere of N<sub>2</sub>. Containing both hydrido and N<sub>2</sub> ligands, the complex was of potential relevance to nitrogen fixation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the late 1960s, a variety of transition metal-dinitrogen complexes were made including those with iron,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> molybdenum<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and vanadium<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as metal centers. Interest in such complexes arises because N<sub>2</sub> comprises the majority of the atmosphere and because many useful compounds contain nitrogen. Biological <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation" title="Nitrogen fixation">nitrogen fixation</a> probably occurs via the binding of N<sub>2</sub> to those metal centers in the enzyme <a href="/wiki/Nitrogenase" title="Nitrogenase">nitrogenase</a>, followed by a series of steps that involve <a href="/wiki/Electron_transfer" title="Electron transfer">electron transfer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protonation" title="Protonation">protonation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bonding_modes">Bonding modes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bonding modes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In terms of its bonding to transition metals, N<sub>2</sub> is related to <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">CO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acetylene" title="Acetylene">acetylene</a> as all three species have <a href="/wiki/Triple_bond" title="Triple bond">triple bonds</a>. A variety of bonding modes have been characterized. Based on whether the N<sub>2</sub> molecules are shared by two more metal centers, the complexes can be classified into mononuclear and bridging. Based on the geometric relationship between the N<sub>2</sub> molecule and the metal center, the complexes can be classified into end-on or side-on modes. In the end-on bonding modes of transition metal-dinitrogen complexes, the N-N vector can be considered in line with the metal ion center, whereas in the side-on modes, the metal-ligand bond is known to be perpendicular to the N-N vector.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mononuclear,_end-on"><span id="Mononuclear.2C_end-on"></span>Mononuclear, end-on</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mononuclear, end-on"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a ligand, N<sub>2</sub> usually binds to metals as an "end-on" ligand, as illustrated by [Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>N<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>. Such complexes are usually analogous to related CO derivatives. This relationship is illustrated by the pair of complexes <a href="/wiki/Vaska%27s_complex" title="Vaska's complex">IrCl(CO)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> and IrCl(N<sub>2</sub>)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these mononuclear cases, N<sub>2</sub> is both as a σ-donor and a π-acceptor. The M-N-N bond angles are close to 180°.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> N<sub>2</sub> is a weaker pi-acceptor than CO, reflecting the nature of the π* orbitals on CO vs N<sub>2</sub>. For this reason, few examples exist of complexes containing <i>both</i> CO and N<sub>2</sub> ligand. </p><p>Transition metal-dinitrogen complexes can contain more than one N<sub>2</sub> as "end-on" ligands, such as <i>mer</i>-[Mo(N<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(PPr<i><sup>n</sup></i><sub>2</sub>Ph)<sub>3</sub>], which has octahedral geometry.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another example, the dinitrogen ligand in <a href="/wiki/Bis(dinitrogen)bis(1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)molybdenum(0)" title="Bis(dinitrogen)bis(1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)molybdenum(0)">Mo(N<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(Ph<sub>2</sub>PCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>PPh<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> can be reduced to produce ammonia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because many nitrogenases contain Mo, there has been particular interest in Mo-N<sub>2</sub> complexes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bridging,_end-on"><span id="Bridging.2C_end-on"></span>Bridging, end-on</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bridging, end-on"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>N<sub>2</sub> also serves as a bridging ligand with "end-on" bonding to two metal centers, as illustrated by {[Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>]<sub>2</sub>(μ-N<sub>2</sub>)}<sup>4+</sup>. These complexes are also called multinuclear dinitrogen complexes. In contrast to their mononuclear counterpart, they can be prepared for both early and late transition metals.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, a study of iron-dinitrogen complexes by Holland and coworkers showed that the N–N bond is significantly weakened upon complexation with iron atoms with a low coordination number. The complex involved bidentate chelating ligands attached to the iron atoms in the Fe–N–N–Fe core, in which N<sub>2</sub> acts as a bridging ligand between two iron atoms. Increasing the coordination number of iron by modifying the chelating ligands and adding another ligand per iron atom showed an increase in the strength of the N–N bond in the resulting complex. It is thus suspected that Fe in a low-coordination environment is a key factor to the fixation of nitrogen by the <a href="/wiki/Nitrogenase" title="Nitrogenase">nitrogenase</a> enzyme, since its Fe–Mo cofactor also features Fe with low coordination numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The average bond length of those bridging-end-on dinitrogen complexes is about 1.2 Å. In some cases, the bond length can be as long as 1.4 Å, which is similar to those of N-N single bonds.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasanayn and co-workers have shown that the Lewis structures of end-on bridging complexes can be assigned based on π-molecular-orbital occupancy, in analogy with simple tetratomic organic molecules. For example the cores of N<sub>2</sub>-bridged complexes with 8, 10, or 12 π-electrons can generally be formulated, respectively, as M≡N-N≡M, M=N=N=M, and M-N≡N-M, in analogy with the 8-, 10-, and 12-π-electron organic molecules HC≡C-C≡CH, O=C=C=O, and F-C≡C-F.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mononuclear,_side-on"><span id="Mononuclear.2C_side-on"></span>Mononuclear, side-on</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mononuclear, side-on"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In comparison with their end-on counterpart, the mononuclear side-on dinitrogen complexes are usually higher in energy and the examples of them are rare. Dinitrogen act as a π-donor in these type of complexes. Fomitchev and Coppens has reported the first crystallographic evidence for side-on coordination of N<sub>2</sub> to a single metal center in a photoinduced metastable state. When treated with UV light, the transition metal-dinitrogen complex, [Os(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>(N<sub>2</sub>)]<sup>2+</sup> in solid states can be converted into a metastable state of [Os(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>(η<sup>2</sup>-N<sub>2</sub>)]<sup>2+</sup>, where the vibration of dinitrogen has shifted from 2025 to 1831 cm<sup>−1</sup>. </p><p>Some other examples are considered to exist in the <a href="/wiki/Transition_state" title="Transition state">transition states</a> of intramolecular linkage isomerizations. Armor and Taube has reported these isomerizations using <sup>15</sup>N-labelled dinitrogen as ligands.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bridging,_side-on"><span id="Bridging.2C_side-on"></span>Bridging, side-on</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bridging, side-on"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a second mode of bridging, bimetallic complexes are known wherein the N-N vector is perpendicular to the M-M vector, which can be considered as side-on fashion. One example is [(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>H)<sub>2</sub>Zr]<sub>2</sub>(<a href="/wiki/Bridging_ligand" title="Bridging ligand">μ</a><sub>2</sub>,<a href="/wiki/Hapticity" title="Hapticity">η</a><sup>2</sup>,η<sup>2</sup>-N<sub>2</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dimetallic complex can react with H<sub>2</sub> to achieve the artificial <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation" title="Nitrogen fixation">nitrogen fixation</a> by reducing N<sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A related ditantalum tetrahydride complex could also reduce N<sub>2.</sub><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactivity">Reactivity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reactivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChattCycle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ChattCycle.svg/350px-ChattCycle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ChattCycle.svg/525px-ChattCycle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ChattCycle.svg/700px-ChattCycle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>Hypothesized cycle for M-catalysed nitrogen fixation according to Chatt et al.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cleavage_to_nitrides">Cleavage to nitrides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cleavage to nitrides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Metal_nitrido_complex" title="Metal nitrido complex">metal nitrido complexes</a> are produced from N2, the intermediacy of a dinitrogen complex is assumed. Some Mo(III) complexes also cleave N<sub>2</sub>:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>2<span class="nowrap"> </span>Mo(NR<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + N<sub>2</sub> → (R<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>3</sub>Mo-N<sub>2</sub>-Mo(NR<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub></dd> <dd>(R<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>3</sub>Mo-N<sub>2</sub>-Mo(NR<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> → 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>N≡Mo(NR<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attack_by_electrophiles">Attack by electrophiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Attack by electrophiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some electron-rich metal dinitrogen complexes are susceptible to attack by electrophiles on nitrogen. When the electrophile is a proton, the reaction is of interest in the context of <a href="/wiki/Abiological_nitrogen_fixation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiological nitrogen fixation">abiological nitrogen fixation</a>. Some metal-dintrogen complexes even catalyze the hydrogenation of N<sub>2</sub> to <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> in a cycle that involves N-protonation of a reduced M-N<sub>2</sub> complex.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiological_nitrogen_fixation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiological nitrogen fixation">Abiological nitrogen fixation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-group_element-mediated_activation_of_dinitrogen" title="Main-group element-mediated activation of dinitrogen">Main-group element-mediated activation of dinitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_nitrido_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Transition metal nitrido complex">Transition metal nitrido complex</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_dinitrogen_complex&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Peters-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peters_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChalkleyDroverPeters2020" class="citation journal cs1">Chalkley, Matthew J.; Drover, Marcus W.; Peters, Jonas C. 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