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navigation-not-searchable">"Latinoamérica" and "América Latina" redirect here. For the demonym, see <a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin Americans</a>. For the song, see <a href="/wiki/Latinoam%C3%A9rica_(song)" title="Latinoamérica (song)">Latinoamérica (song)</a>. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/America_Latina_(film)" title="America Latina (film)">America Latina (film)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"LatAm" redirects here. For the Chilean multinational airline, see <a href="/wiki/LATAM" class="mw-redirect" title="LATAM">LATAM</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/LATAM_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="LATAM (disambiguation)">LATAM (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about countries in the Americas that speak Romance languages. For a more precise definition of South America, see <a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero-America</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Latin America often refers to the regions in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a> are the main languages. It is "commonly used to describe <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> (with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Falkland islands">Falkland islands</a>), plus <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latin_Caribbean" class="mw-disambig" title="Latin Caribbean">most of the islands</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>".<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> In a narrow sense, it refers to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_America" title="Spanish America">Spanish America</a>, and often it may<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> also include <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_America" title="Portuguese America">Portuguese America</a>).<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> The term "Latin America" may be used more broadly than <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a>, which specifically refers to Spanish-speaking countries; and more narrowly than categories such as <a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero-America</a>, a term that refers to both Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries from the Americas, and sometimes from Europe. It could also theoretically encompass <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> or <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> where French is still spoken and are historical remnants of the French Empire in that region of the globe. <table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Latin America</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_America_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">20,111,457 km2 (7,765,077 sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-worldbank-ruralenv-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">656,098,097 (2021 est.)<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-d-4">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population density</th><td class="infobox-data">31/km2 (80/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>50% Mixed Indigenous and European heritage (<a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a>)</li><li>25% European heritage (<a href="/wiki/White_Latin_Americans" title="White Latin Americans">White Latin Americans</a>)</li><li>11% Mixed African and European heritage (<a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a>)</li><li>9% <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li><li>4% <a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Latin_Americans" title="Afro–Latin Americans">Afro–Latin Americans</a></li><li>1% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Latin_Americans" title="Asian Latin Americans">Asian Latin Americans</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin American</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Subregions_and_countries">20</a><a href="#cite_note-c-5">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dependencies</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data">Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, Dutch, Papiamento</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zones</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9202:00" title="UTC−02:00">UTC−02:00</a> to <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9208:00" title="UTC−08:00">UTC−08:00</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest cities</th><td class="infobox-data">Largest urban areas: 1. <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> 7. <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a> 8. <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a> 9. <a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a> 10. <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/UN_M49" title="UN M49">UN M49</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>419</code> – <a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a> <code>019</code> – <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> <code>001</code> – <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">World</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The term Latin America was first used in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> at a conference in 1856 called "Initiative of America: Idea for a Federal Congress of the Republics" (Iniciativa de la América. Idea de un Congreso Federal de las Repúblicas),<a href="#cite_note-bilbao_f-10">[8]</a> by the Chilean politician <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Bilbao" title="Francisco Bilbao">Francisco Bilbao</a>. The term was further popularized by French emperor <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>'s government of <a href="/wiki/Political_strongman" title="Political strongman">political strongman</a> that in the 1860s as Latin America to justify France's military involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Second Mexican Empire</a> and to include <a href="/wiki/Francophonie" title="Francophonie">French-speaking</a> territories in the Americas, such as <a href="/wiki/French_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canada">French Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Louisiana" title="French Louisiana">French Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> and the French <a href="/wiki/Antillean_Creole" title="Antillean Creole">Antillean Creole</a> Caribbean islands <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, in the larger group of countries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed.<a href="#cite_note-Britton-11">[9]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology_and_definitions">1 Etymology and definitions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Origins">1.1 Origins</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Contemporary_definitions">1.2 Contemporary definitions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Subregions_and_countries">1.3 Subregions and countries</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#After_2000">2.1 After 2000</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Inequality">3 Inequality</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Standard_of_living">3.1 Standard of living</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Demographics">4 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Life_expectancy">4.1 Life expectancy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Largest_cities">4.2 Largest cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Race_and_ethnicity">4.3 Race and ethnicity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Language">4.4 Language</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Religion">4.5 Religion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Migration">4.6 Migration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Education">4.7 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Crime_and_violence">4.8 Crime and violence</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Public_health">4.9 Public health</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Water">4.9.1 Water</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Reproductive_rights">4.9.2 Reproductive rights</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#HIV/AIDS">4.9.3 HIV/AIDS</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Economy">5 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Size">5.1 Size</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Agriculture">5.2 Agriculture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Mining_and_petroleum">5.3 Mining and petroleum</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Manufacturing">5.4 Manufacturing</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Infrastructure">5.5 Infrastructure</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Energy">5.6 Energy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#Brazil">5.6.1 Brazil</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Other_countries">5.6.2 Other countries</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Trade_blocs">6 Trade blocs</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#China">6.1 China</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Tourism">7 Tourism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Culture">8 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Art">8.1 Art</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Film">8.2 Film</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Literature">8.3 Literature</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Music_and_dance">8.4 Music and dance</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#World_Heritage_Sites">8.5 World Heritage Sites</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Notes">10 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#References">11 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology_and_definitions">Etymology and definitions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and definitions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mural_panoramico.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mural_panoramico.JPG/440px-Mural_panoramico.JPG" decoding="async" width="440" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="9336" data-file-height="2888"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 440px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mural_panoramico.JPG/440px-Mural_panoramico.JPG" data-width="440" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mural_panoramico.JPG/660px-Mural_panoramico.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mural_panoramico.JPG/880px-Mural_panoramico.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Presencia_de_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina" title="Presencia de América Latina">Presencia de América Latina</a> (Presence of Latin America, 1964–65) is a 300 m2 (3,230 sq ft) mural at the hall of the Arts House of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="University of Concepción">University of Concepción</a>, Chile. It is also known as Latin America's Integration.</figcaption></figure> Research has shown that the idea that a part of the Americas has a linguistic and cultural affinity with the Romance cultures as a whole can be traced back to the 1830s, in the writing of the French <a href="/wiki/Saint-Simonianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Simonianism">Saint-Simonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Chevalier" title="Michel Chevalier">Michel Chevalier</a>, who postulated that a part of the Americas was inhabited by people of a "<a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Latin race</a>", and that it could, therefore, ally itself with "<a href="/wiki/Romance-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance-speaking Europe">Latin Europe</a>", ultimately overlapping the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>, in a struggle with "<a href="/wiki/Germanic-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-speaking Europe">Teutonic Europe</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo-Saxon America</a>" with its <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxonism_in_the_19th_century" title="Anglo-Saxonism in the 19th century">Anglo-Saxonism</a>, as well as "<a href="/wiki/Slavic_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic Europe">Slavic Europe</a>" with its <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mignolo-12">[10]</a> Scholarship has political origins of the term. Two Latin American historians, <a href="/wiki/Uruguayans" title="Uruguayans">Uruguayan</a> <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Ardao" title="Arturo Ardao">Arturo Ardao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chileans" title="Chileans">Chilean</a> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Rojas_Mix" class="extiw" title="es:Miguel Rojas Mix">Miguel Rojas Mix</a>, found evidence that the term "Latin America" was used earlier than Phelan claimed, and the first use of the term was in fact in opposition to imperialist projects in the Americas. Ardao wrote about this subject in his book Génesis de la idea y el nombre de América latina (Genesis of the Idea and the Name of Latin America, 1980),<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> and Miguel Rojas Mix in his article "Bilbao y el hallazgo de América latina: Unión continental, socialista y libertaria" (Bilbao and the Finding of Latin America: a Continental, Socialist, and Libertarian Union, 1986).<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> As Michel Gobat points out in his article "The Invention of Latin America: A Transnational History of Anti-Imperialism, <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a>, and Race", "Arturo Ardao, Miguel Rojas Mix, and Aims McGuinness have revealed [that] the term 'Latin America' had already been used in 1856 by Central Americans and South Americans protesting US expansion into the Southern Hemisphere".<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> Edward Shawcross summarizes Ardao's and Rojas Mix's findings in the following way: "Ardao identified the term in a poem by a Colombian diplomat and intellectual resident in France, José María Torres Caicedo, published on 15 February 1857 in a French based Spanish-language newspaper, while Rojas Mix located it in a speech delivered in France by the radical liberal Chilean politician Francisco Bilbao in June 1856".<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> By the late 1850s, the term was being used in California (which had become a part of the United States), in local newspapers such as El Clamor Público by <a href="/wiki/Californios" title="Californios">Californios</a> writing about América latina and latinoamérica, and identifying as <a href="/wiki/Latinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinos">Latinos</a> as the abbreviated term for their "hemispheric membership in la raza latina".<a href="#cite_note-Gutierrez-2016-17">[15]</a> The words "Latin" and "America" were first found to be combined in a printed work to produce the term "Latin America" in 1856 at a conference by the Chilean politician <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Bilbao" title="Francisco Bilbao">Francisco Bilbao</a> in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> The conference had the title "Initiative of the America. The idea for a Federal Congress of Republics."<a href="#cite_note-bilbao_f-10">[8]</a> The following year, Colombian writer <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Torres_Caicedo" class="extiw" title="es:José María Torres Caicedo">José María Torres Caicedo</a> also used the term in his poem "The Two Americas".<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> Two events related with the United States played a central role in both works. The first event happened less than a decade before the publication of Bilbao's and Torres Caicedo's works: the Invasion of Mexico or, in the US, the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>, after which the United States annexed more than half of Mexico's territory. The second event, the <a href="/wiki/Walker_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Walker affair">Walker affair</a>, which happened the same year that both works were written: the decision by US president <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> to recognize the regime recently established in <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> by American <a href="/wiki/William_Walker_(filibuster)" title="William Walker (filibuster)">William Walker</a> and his band of filibusters who ruled Nicaragua for nearly a year (1856–57) and attempted to reinstate slavery there, where it had been already abolished for three decades[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In both Bilbao's and Torres Caicedo's works, the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> (1846–48) and William Walker's expedition to Nicaragua are explicitly mentioned as examples of dangers for the region. For Bilbao, "Latin America" was not a geographical concept, as he excluded Brazil, Paraguay, and Mexico. Both authors also asked for the union of all Latin American countries as the only way to defend their territories against further foreign US interventions. Both also rejected European imperialism, claiming that the return of European countries to non-democratic forms of government was another danger for Latin American countries, and used the same word to describe the state of European politics at the time: "despotism." Several years later, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_intervention_in_Mexico" title="Second French intervention in Mexico">French invasion of Mexico</a>, Bilbao wrote another work, "Emancipation of the Spirit in America", where he asked all Latin American countries to support the Mexican cause against France, and rejected French imperialism in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. He asked Latin American intellectuals to search for their "intellectual emancipation" by abandoning all French ideas, claiming that France was: "Hypocrite, because she [France] calls herself protector of the Latin race just to subject it to her exploitation regime; treacherous, because she speaks of freedom and nationality, when, unable to conquer freedom for herself, she enslaves others instead!" Therefore, as Michel Gobat puts it, the term Latin America itself had an "anti-imperial genesis," and their creators were far from supporting any form of imperialism in the region, or in any other place of the globe.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_definitions">Contemporary definitions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Contemporary definitions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_America_regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Latin_America_regions.svg/220px-Latin_America_regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 275px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Latin_America_regions.svg/220px-Latin_America_regions.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="275" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Latin_America_regions.svg/330px-Latin_America_regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Latin_America_regions.svg/440px-Latin_America_regions.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The four common subregions in Latin America</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Latin America is often used synonymously with Ibero-America ("Iberian America"), where the populations speak Spanish or Portuguese and the dominant religion is <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, the Spanish-speaking Caribbean territory of the United States, acquired from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> following its defeat in the 1898 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish American War">Spanish American War</a>, is usually included. This definition excludes the predominantly Protestant English-speaking and Dutch-speaking regions, as well as French-speaking predominantly Catholic regions. <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, as well as several French overseas departments, are excluded from the definition.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a></li> <li>In another definition, Latin America designates the set of countries in the Americas where a Romance language (a language derived from Latin) predominates: Spanish, Portuguese, or French. Thus, it includes Mexico; most of Central and South America; and in the Caribbean, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti. Latin America then comprises all of the countries in the Americas that were once part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">French Empires</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Torres-23">[21]</a> Puerto Rico, although not a sovereign nation, is often included.</li> <li>The term is sometimes used more broadly to refer to all of the Americas south of the United States,<a href="#cite_note-Torres-23">[21]</a> thus including <a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">the Guianas</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Caribbean" title="Commonwealth Caribbean">Anglophone Caribbean</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>); the <a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">Francophone Caribbean</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean" title="Dutch Caribbean">Dutch Caribbean</a>. This definition emphasizes a similar <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomics">socioeconomic</a> history of the region, which was characterized by formal or <a href="/wiki/Neocolonialism" title="Neocolonialism">informal colonialism</a>, rather than cultural aspects (see, for example, <a href="/wiki/Dependency_theory" title="Dependency theory">dependency theory</a>).<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> Some sources avoid this simplification by using the alternative phrase "<a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a>", as in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme_for_the_Americas" title="United Nations geoscheme for the Americas">United Nations geoscheme for the Americas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> A number of academic area-studies programs and centers of <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_studies" title="Latin American studies">Latin American studies</a> are titled "Latin American and Caribbean" studies, such as the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ii.umich.edu/lacs">Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, University of Michigan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230224201732/https://ii.umich.edu/lacs">Archived</a> February 24, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://as.nyu.edu/content/nyu-as/as/research-centers/clacs.html">Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CLACS)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017095240/https://as.nyu.edu/content/nyu-as/as/research-centers/clacs.html">Archived</a> October 17, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jsis.washington.edu/latinam/">Latin American and Caribbean Studies, The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230224201320/https://jsis.washington.edu/latinam/">Archived</a> February 24, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Although the U.S. acquired a large swath of territory from the Spanish Empire and called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_borderlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish borderlands (page does not exist)">Spanish borderlands</a> and nearly 20% of the U.S. population identifies as "Hispanic" (or "Latino"), the U.S. is generally not classified as being part of Latin America. However, the significant demographic is sometimes brought under the umbrella of Latin American studies, such as at University of Albany.</li></ul> The distinction between Latin America and <a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo-America</a> is a convention based on the predominant languages in the Americas by which Romance language- and English-speaking cultures are distinguished. Neither area is culturally or linguistically homogeneous; in substantial portions of Latin America (e.g., highland <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>), <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> cultures and, to a lesser extent, Amerindian languages, are predominant, and in other areas, the influence of African cultures is strong (e.g., the Caribbean basin – including parts of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>). The term's meaning is contested and not without controversy. Historian Mauricio Tenorio-Trillo explores at length the "allure and power" of the idea of Latin America. He remarks at the outset, "The idea of 'Latin America' ought to have vanished with the obsolescence of racial theory... But it is not easy to declare something dead when it can hardly be said to have existed," going on to say, "The term is here to stay, and it is important."<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> Following in the tradition of Chilean writer Francisco Bilbao, who excluded Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay from his early conceptualization of Latin America,<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> Chilean historian <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Eyzaguirre" title="Jaime Eyzaguirre">Jaime Eyzaguirre</a> has criticized the term Latin America for "disguising" and "diluting" the Spanish character of a region (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a>) with the inclusion of nations that, according to him, do not share the same pattern of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">conquest and colonization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_French_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of French speakers">Francophone</a> part of North America which includes <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> is generally excluded from the definition of Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subregions_and_countries">Subregions and countries</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Subregions and countries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Latin America can be subdivided into several subregions based on geography, politics, <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean">democracy</a>, demographics and culture. The basic geographical subregions are North America, Central America, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and South America; the latter contains further politico-geographical subdivisions such as the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">the Guianas</a> and the Andean states. It may be subdivided on linguistic grounds into <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Spanish America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_America" title="Portuguese America">Portuguese America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_America" title="French America">French America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GeoSEP-32">[30]</a> The term "Latin America" is defined to mean parts of Americas south of the mainland of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a> where a Romance language (a language derived from Latin) predominates. Latin America are the countries and territories in the Americas which speak Spanish or Portuguese, with French being sometimes included. As is customary, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> is included and <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> (where French is spoken but not official language) are excluded from Latin America. <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption>Latin America </caption> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">Flag</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Arms</a> </th> <th>Country/Territory </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital(s)</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Name(s) in official language(s)</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">Population</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2023)<a href="#cite_note-TWFpopulation-33">[31]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by area">Area</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(km2)<a href="#cite_note-UN_area-34">[32]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population density">Density</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(people/km2) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a> </th> <th>Subregion </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><noscript><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="Argentina" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></td> <td>Argentina</td> <td style="text-align:right">46,621,847</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,780,400</td> <td style="text-align:right">17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9203:00" title="UTC−03:00">UTC/GMT –3 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg/22px-Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg/22px-Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg/34px-Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg/44px-Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bolivia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Coat_of_arms_of_Bolivia.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1907" data-file-height="1723"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Coat_of_arms_of_Bolivia.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bolivia.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Coat_of_arms_of_Bolivia.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Coat_of_arms_of_Bolivia.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre">Sucre</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a></td> <td>Bolivia; Buliwya; Wuliwya; Volívia</td> <td style="text-align:right">12,186,079</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,098,581</td> <td style="text-align:right">11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC/GMT –4 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="515"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a></td> <td>Brasil</td> <td style="text-align:right">218,689,757</td> <td style="text-align:right">8,514,877</td> <td style="text-align:right">26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9202:00" title="UTC−02:00">UTC/GMT –2 hours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Noronha" title="Fernando de Noronha">Fernando de Noronha</a>) <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9203:00" title="UTC−03:00">UTC/GMT –3 hours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>) <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC/GMT –4 hours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amazonas_(Brazilian_state)" title="Amazonas (Brazilian state)">Amazonas</a>) <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC/GMT –5 hours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Chile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="388"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a></td> <td>Chile</td> <td style="text-align:right">18,549,457</td> <td style="text-align:right">756,102</td> <td style="text-align:right">25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9203:00" title="UTC−03:00">UTC/GMT –3 hours</a> (Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica) <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC/GMT –4 hours</a> (Continental Chile) <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC/GMT –6 hours</a> (Easter Island)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1153"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></td> <td>Colombia</td> <td style="text-align:right">49,336,454</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,141,748</td> <td style="text-align:right">43 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC/GMT –5 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="905"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9,_Costa_Rica" title="San José, Costa Rica">San José</a></td> <td>Costa Rica</td> <td style="text-align:right">5,256,612</td> <td style="text-align:right">51,100</td> <td style="text-align:right">103 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC/GMT –6 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a></td> <td>Cuba</td> <td style="text-align:right">10,985,974</td> <td style="text-align:right">109,884</td> <td style="text-align:right">100 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC/GMT –5 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="336"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></td> <td>República Dominicana</td> <td style="text-align:right">10,790,744</td> <td style="text-align:right">48,192</td> <td style="text-align:right">224 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC/GMT –4 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ecuador.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Coat_of_arms_of_Ecuador.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Coat_of_arms_of_Ecuador.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ecuador.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Coat_of_arms_of_Ecuador.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Coat_of_arms_of_Ecuador.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a></td> <td>Ecuador</td> <td style="text-align:right">17,483,326</td> <td style="text-align:right">256,369</td> <td style="text-align:right">68 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC/GMT –5 hours</a> (mainland Ecuador) <a href="/wiki/UTC-06:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-06:00">UTC/GMT –6 hours</a> (Galápagos Islands)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="571"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a></td> <td>El Salvador</td> <td style="text-align:right">6,602,370</td> <td style="text-align:right">21,041</td> <td style="text-align:right">314 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC/GMT –6 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="826"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guatemala_City" title="Guatemala City">Guatemala City</a></td> <td>Guatemala</td> <td style="text-align:right">17,980,803</td> <td style="text-align:right">108,889</td> <td style="text-align:right">165 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC/GMT –6 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="710"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tegucigalpa" title="Tegucigalpa">Tegucigalpa</a></td> <td>Honduras</td> <td style="text-align:right">9,571,352</td> <td style="text-align:right">112,492</td> <td style="text-align:right">85 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC/GMT –6 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="525"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></td> <td>México</td> <td style="text-align:right">129,875,529</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,964,375</td> <td style="text-align:right">66 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC/GMT –5 hours</a> (Zona Sureste) <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC/GMT –6 hours</a> (Zona Centro) <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC/GMT –7 hours</a> (Zona Pacífico) <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9208:00" title="UTC−08:00">UTC/GMT –8 hours</a> (Zona Noroeste)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a></td> <td>Nicaragua</td> <td style="text-align:right">6,359,689</td> <td style="text-align:right">130,373</td> <td style="text-align:right">49 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC/GMT -6 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="761"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a></td> <td>Panamá</td> <td style="text-align:right">4,404,108</td> <td style="text-align:right">75,417</td> <td style="text-align:right">58 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC/GMT –5 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="610"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a></td> <td>Paraguay; Tetã Paraguái</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,439,863</td> <td style="text-align:right">406,752</td> <td style="text-align:right">18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC/GMT –4 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/20px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/20px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/30px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg/40px-Escudo_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></td> <td>Perú</td> <td style="text-align:right">32,440,172</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,285,216</td> <td style="text-align:right">25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC/GMT –5 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="1239"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>*</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></td> <td>Puerto Rico</td> <td style="text-align:right">3,057,311</td> <td style="text-align:right">8,870</td> <td style="text-align:right">345 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC/GMT –4 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Uruguay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Coat_of_arms_of_Uruguay.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="1153"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Coat_of_arms_of_Uruguay.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Uruguay.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Coat_of_arms_of_Uruguay.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Coat_of_arms_of_Uruguay.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a></td> <td>Uruguay</td> <td style="text-align:right">3,416,264</td> <td style="text-align:right">176,215</td> <td style="text-align:right">19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9203:00" title="UTC−03:00">UTC/GMT –3 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="558"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a></td> <td>Venezuela</td> <td style="text-align:right">30,518,260</td> <td style="text-align:right">912,050</td> <td style="text-align:right">33 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:30" title="UTC−04:30">UTC/GMT –4 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th></th> <th>Total</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th style="text-align:right">641,565,971</th> <th style="text-align:right">19,958,943</th> <th style="text-align:right">32 </th> <th></th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption>French South America (sometimes included) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">Flag</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Arms</a> </th> <th>Country/Territory </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital(s)</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Name(s) in official language(s)</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">Population</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2023)<a href="#cite_note-TWFpopulation-33">[31]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by area">Area</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(km2)<a href="#cite_note-UN_area-34">[32]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population density">Density</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(people/km2) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a> </th> <th>Subregion </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana,_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie,_at_Cayenne.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="324"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>*</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a></td> <td>Guyane</td> <td style="text-align:right">297,449</td> <td style="text-align:right">83,534</td> <td style="text-align:right">4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9203:00" title="UTC−03:00">UTC/GMT –3 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>*</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a></td> <td>Guadeloupe</td> <td style="text-align:right">396,051</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,705</td> <td style="text-align:right">232 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC/GMT –4 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="716"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a></td> <td>Haïti; Ayiti</td> <td style="text-align:right">11,470,261</td> <td style="text-align:right">27,750</td> <td style="text-align:right">413 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC/GMT –5 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/23px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/23px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/35px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/45px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>*</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a></td> <td>Martinique</td> <td style="text-align:right">368,796</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,128</td> <td style="text-align:right">327 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC/GMT –4 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_St_Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_TOM_entire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Blason_St_Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_TOM_entire.svg/20px-Blason_St_Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_TOM_entire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="1187"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Blason_St_Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_TOM_entire.svg/20px-Blason_St_Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_TOM_entire.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Blason_St_Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_TOM_entire.svg/30px-Blason_St_Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_TOM_entire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Blason_St_Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_TOM_entire.svg/40px-Blason_St_Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my_TOM_entire.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a>*</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gustavia,_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy">Gustavia</a></td> <td>Saint-Barthélemy</td> <td id="cite_ref-pop2017_35-0" class="cite-bracket" style="text-align:right">10,861</td> <td style="text-align:right">25</td> <td style="text-align:right">434 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC/GMT –4 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Martin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Martin.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Martin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="675"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 32px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Martin.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Martin.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="32" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Martin.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Martin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Martin.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Martin.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a>*</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marigot,_Saint_Martin" title="Marigot, Saint Martin">Marigot</a></td> <td>Saint-Martin</td> <td style="text-align:right">35,334</td> <td style="text-align:right">54</td> <td style="text-align:right">654 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC/GMT –4 hours</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th></th> <th>Total (French South America)</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th style="text-align:right">12,578,752</th> <th style="text-align:right">114,196</th> <th style="text-align:right">110 </th> <th></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th></th> <th>Total (Latin America + French South America)</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th style="text-align:right">654,144,723</th> <th style="text-align:right">20,073,139</th> <th style="text-align:right">33 </th> <th></th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> *: Not a sovereign state </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Latin_America" title="History of Latin America">History of Latin America</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chichen_Itza_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chichen_Itza_3.jpg/220px-Chichen_Itza_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="9771" data-file-height="5197"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 117px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chichen_Itza_3.jpg/220px-Chichen_Itza_3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="117" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chichen_Itza_3.jpg/330px-Chichen_Itza_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Chichen_Itza_3.jpg/440px-Chichen_Itza_3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maya_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya Civilization">Mayan</a> UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chich%C3%A9n_Itz%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichén Itzá">Chichén Itzá</a></figcaption></figure> Before the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">arrival of Europeans</a> in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the region was home to many indigenous peoples, including advanced civilizations, most notably from South: the <a href="/wiki/Olmec" class="mw-redirect" title="Olmec">Olmec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muisca_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Muisca people">Muisca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inca_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca civilization">Inca</a>. The region came under control of the kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, which established colonies, and imposed <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> and their languages. Both brought African <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slaves</a> to their colonies as laborers, exploiting large, settled societies and their resources. The Spanish Crown regulated immigration, allowing only Christians to travel to the New World. The colonization process led to significant native population declines due to disease, forced labor, and violence. They imposed their culture, destroying native codices and artwork. Colonial-era religion played a crucial role in everyday life, with the Spanish Crown ensuring religious purity and aggressively prosecuting perceived deviations like witchcraft. In the early nineteenth century nearly all of areas of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_America" title="Spanish America">Spanish America</a> attained independence by armed struggle, with the exceptions of <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, which had become a monarchy separate from Portugal, became a republic in the late nineteenth century. Political independence from European monarchies did not result in the abolition of black slavery in the new nations, it resulted in political and economic instability in Spanish America, immediately after independence. Great Britain and the United States exercised significant influence in the post-independence era, resulting in a form of <a href="/wiki/Neo-colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-colonialism">neo-colonialism</a>, where political sovereignty remained in place, but foreign powers exercised considerable power in the economic sphere. Newly independent nations faced domestic and interstate conflicts, struggling with economic instability and social inequality. The 20th century brought U.S. intervention and the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>'s impact on the region, with revolutions in countries like Cuba influencing Latin American politics. The late 20th and early 21st centuries saw shifts towards left-wing governments, followed by conservative resurgences, and a recent resurgence of left-wing politics in several countries. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_2000">After 2000</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: After 2000" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNASUR-15SEP2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/UNASUR-15SEP2008.jpg/220px-UNASUR-15SEP2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1397"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/UNASUR-15SEP2008.jpg/220px-UNASUR-15SEP2008.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/UNASUR-15SEP2008.jpg/330px-UNASUR-15SEP2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/UNASUR-15SEP2008.jpg/440px-UNASUR-15SEP2008.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/UNASUR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNASUR">UNASUR</a> summit in the Palacio de la Moneda, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago de Chile</a></figcaption></figure> In many countries in the early 2000s, left-wing political parties rose to power, known as the <a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a>. The presidencies of <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> (1999–2013) in Venezuela, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Ricardo Lagos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> in Chile, <a href="/wiki/Lula_da_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_(Brazil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers Party (Brazil)">Workers Party</a> (PT) in Brazil, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9stor_Kirchner" title="Néstor Kirchner">Néstor Kirchner</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Kirchner" title="Cristina Fernández de Kirchner">Cristina Fernández</a> in Argentina, <a href="/wiki/Tabar%C3%A9_V%C3%A1zquez" title="Tabaré Vázquez">Tabaré Vázquez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mujica" title="José Mujica">José Mujica</a> in Uruguay, <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a> in Bolivia, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> in Nicaragua, <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Correa" title="Rafael Correa">Rafael Correa</a> in Ecuador, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Lugo" title="Fernando Lugo">Fernando Lugo</a> in Paraguay, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Zelaya" title="Manuel Zelaya">Manuel Zelaya</a> in Honduras (removed from power by a <a href="/wiki/2009_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2009 Honduran coup d'état">coup d'état</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Funes" title="Mauricio Funes">Mauricio Funes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salvador_S%C3%A1nchez_Cer%C3%A9n" title="Salvador Sánchez Cerén">Salvador Sánchez Cerén</a> in El Salvador are all part of this wave of left-wing politicians who often declare themselves <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_integration" title="Latin American integration">Latin Americanists</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Anti-Imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Imperialism">anti-imperialists</a>, often implying <a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism#Latin_America" title="Anti-Americanism">opposition to US</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_consensus" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington consensus">policies towards the region</a>. An aspect of this has been the creation of the eight-member ALBA alliance, or "<a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Alliance_for_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas">The Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America</a>" (Spanish: Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América) by some of these countries. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pro-Micheletti_demonstrators.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pro-Micheletti_demonstrators.jpg/150px-Pro-Micheletti_demonstrators.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 225px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pro-Micheletti_demonstrators.jpg/150px-Pro-Micheletti_demonstrators.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pro-Micheletti_demonstrators.jpg/225px-Pro-Micheletti_demonstrators.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pro-Micheletti_demonstrators.jpg/300px-Pro-Micheletti_demonstrators.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Honduran demonstrator holding a banner with a "don't turn left" sign, 2009</figcaption></figure> Following the pink tide, there was a <a href="/wiki/Conservative_wave" title="Conservative wave">Conservative wave</a> across Latin America. In Mexico, the rightwing <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">National Action Party</a> (PAN) won the <a href="/wiki/2000_Mexican_general_election" title="2000 Mexican general election">presidential election of 2000</a> with its candidate <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox</a>, ending the 71-year rule of the <a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">Institutional Revolutionary Party</a>. He was succeed six-years later by another conservative, <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Felipe Calderón">Felipe Calderón</a> (2006–2012), who attempted to crack down on the Mexican drug cartels and instigated the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug war</a> . Several right-wing leaders rose to power, including Argentina's <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Macri" title="Mauricio Macri">Mauricio Macri</a> and Brazil's <a href="/wiki/Michel_Temer" title="Michel Temer">Michel Temer</a>, following the impeachment of the country's first female president. In <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, the conservative <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era" title="Sebastián Piñera">Sebastián Piñera</a> succeeded the socialist <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> In 2019, center-right <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Luis Lacalle Pou</a> ended a 15-year leftist rule in Uruguay, after defeating the <a href="/wiki/Broad_Front_(Uruguay)" title="Broad Front (Uruguay)">Broad Front</a> candidate.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> Economically, the <a href="/wiki/2000s_commodities_boom" title="2000s commodities boom">2000s commodities boom</a> caused positive effects for many Latin American economies. Another trend was the rapidly increasing importance of their <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Latin America relations">relations with China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AFP2011-38">[36]</a> However, with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> beginning in 2008, there was an end to the commodity boom, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Economic_stagnation" title="Economic stagnation">economic stagnation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recession</a> resulted in some countries. A number of left-wing governments of the Pink tide lost support. The worst-hit was Venezuela, which is facing severe <a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Bolivarian_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela">social and economic upheaval</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Charges of against a major Brazilian conglomerate, <a href="/wiki/Odebrecht#Legal_problems" title="Odebrecht">Odebrecht</a>, has raised allegations of corruption across the region's governments (see <a href="/wiki/Operation_Car_Wash" title="Operation Car Wash">Operation Car Wash</a>). This bribery ring has become the largest corruption scandal in Latin American history.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> As of July 2017, the highest ranking politicians charged were former Brazilian President <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a>, who was arrested,<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> and former Peruvian presidents <a href="/wiki/Ollanta_Humala" title="Ollanta Humala">Ollanta Humala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Toledo" title="Alejandro Toledo">Alejandro Toledo</a>, who fled to the United States and was extradited back to Peru.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> proved a political challenge for many unstable Latin American democracies, with scholars identifying a decline in civil liberties as a result of opportunistic emergency powers. This was especially true for countries with strong presidential regimes, such as <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Inequality">Inequality</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Inequality" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_Latin_America" title="Wealth inequality in Latin America">Wealth inequality in Latin America</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequality" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth inequality">Wealth inequality</a> in Latin America and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> remains a serious issue despite strong economic growth and improved social indicators. A report released in 2013 by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a> entitled Inequality Matters: Report of the World Social Situation, observed that: 'Declines in the wage share have been attributed to the impact of labour-saving technological change and to a general weakening of labour market regulations and institutions.'<a href="#cite_note-:0-43">[41]</a> Such declines are likely to disproportionately affect individuals in the middle and bottom of the <a href="/wiki/Income_distribution" title="Income distribution">income distribution</a>, as they rely mostly on wages for income. In addition, the report noted that 'highly-unequal land distribution has created social and political tensions and is a source of <a href="/wiki/Economic_efficiency" title="Economic efficiency">economic inefficiency</a>, as small landholders frequently lack access to credit and other resources to increase <a href="/wiki/Productivity" title="Productivity">productivity</a>, while big owners may not have had enough incentive to do so.<a href="#cite_note-:0-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> According to the United Nations <a href="/wiki/ECLAC" class="mw-redirect" title="ECLAC">ECLAC</a>, Latin America is the most unequal region in the world.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> Inequality in Latin America has deep historical roots in the <a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">Latin European racially based Casta system</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> instituted in Latin America during colonial times that has been difficult to eradicate because of the differences between initial endowments and opportunities among social groups have constrained the poorest's <a href="/wiki/Social_mobility" title="Social mobility">social mobility</a>, thus causing poverty to transmit from generation to generation, and become a vicious cycle. Inequality has been reproduced and transmitted through generations because Latin American political systems allow a differentiated access on the influence that social groups have in the decision-making process, and it responds in different ways to the least favored groups that have less political representation and capacity of pressure.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> Recent <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic liberalisation">economic liberalisation</a> also plays a role as not everyone is <a href="/wiki/Equity_(economics)" title="Equity (economics)">equally capable</a> of taking advantage of its benefits.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> Differences in opportunities and endowments tend to be based on <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">race</a>, ethnicity, rurality, and <a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality" title="Gender inequality">gender</a>. Because inequality in gender and location are near-universal, race and ethnicity play a larger, more integral role in discriminatory practices in Latin America. The differences have a strong impact on the distribution of income, capital and political standing. One indicator of inequality is access to and quality of education. During the first phase of <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a> in Latin America, educational inequality was on the rise, peaking around the end of the 19th century. In comparison with other <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing regions</a>, Latin America then had the highest level of <a href="/wiki/Educational_inequality" title="Educational inequality">educational inequality</a>, which is certainly a contributing factor for its current general high inequality. During the 20th century, however, educational inequality started decreasing.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standard_of_living">Standard of living</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Standard of living" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Latin America has the highest levels of <a href="/wiki/Income_inequality" class="mw-redirect" title="Income inequality">income inequality</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> The following table lists all the countries in Latin America indicating a valuation of the country's <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>, GDP at purchasing power parity per capita, measurement of inequality through the <a href="/wiki/Gini_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Gini index">Gini index</a>, measurement of poverty through the <a href="/wiki/Human_Poverty_Index" title="Human Poverty Index">Human Poverty Index</a>, a measure of extreme poverty based on people living on less than 1.25 dollars a day, <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a>, murder rates and a measurement of safety through the <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a>. Green cells indicate the best performance in each category, and red the lowest. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>Social and economic indicators for Latin American countries </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#ececec;"> <th>Country </th> <th><a href="/wiki/HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="HDI">HDI</a> (2019)<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> </th> <th>GDP (PPP) per capita in US$ (2015)<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> </th> <th>Real GDP growth % (2015) </th> <th>Income inequality Gini (2015)<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> </th> <th>Extreme poverty % <1.25 US$ (2011)<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> </th> <th>Youth literacy % (2015)<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> </th> <th>Life expectancy (2016)<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> </th> <th>Murder rate per 100,000 (2014)<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> </th> <th>Peace GPI (2016)<a href="#cite_note-vohgpi-59">[57]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>0.845 (VH) </td> <td>20,170 </td> <td>2.6 </td> <td>43.6 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td>99.2 </td> <td>78 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1.957 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td>0.718 (H) </td> <td>6,421 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td>46.6 </td> <td>14.0 </td> <td>99.4 </td> <td>70 </td> <td>12 (2012) </td> <td>2.038 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>0.765 (H) </td> <td>15,690 </td> <td>−3.0 </td> <td>52.7 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td>97.5 </td> <td>70 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>2.176 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td>0.851 (VH) </td> <td>25,564 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td>50.8 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td>98.9 </td> <td>79 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1.635<a href="#cite_note-vohgpi-59">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>0.767 (H) </td> <td>13,794 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>52.2<a href="#cite_note-socio-economic_policies-60">[58]</a> </td> <td>8.2 </td> <td>98.2 </td> <td>76 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>2.764 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td> <td>0.810 (VH) </td> <td>15,318 </td> <td>3.0 </td> <td>48.6 </td> <td>0.7 </td> <td>98.3 </td> <td>79 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>1.699 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>0.783 (H) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>100.0 </td> <td>79 </td> <td> </td> <td>2.057 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>0.756 (H) </td> <td>15,777 </td> <td>5.5 </td> <td>45.7 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td>97.0 </td> <td>78 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>2.143 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td>0.759 (H) </td> <td>11,168 </td> <td>−0.6 </td> <td>46.6 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td>98.7 </td> <td>77 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2.020 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>0.673 (M) </td> <td>8,293 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td>41.8 </td> <td>15.1 </td> <td>96.0 </td> <td>75 </td> <td>64 </td> <td>2.237 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td>0.663 (M) </td> <td>7,721 </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td>52.4 </td> <td>16.9 </td> <td>87.4 </td> <td>72 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>2.270 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td>0.634 (M) </td> <td>4,861 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>57.4 </td> <td>23.3 </td> <td>95.9 </td> <td>71 </td> <td>75 </td> <td>2.237 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>0.779 (H) </td> <td>18,335 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td>48.1 </td> <td>8.4 </td> <td>98.5 </td> <td>77 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>2.557 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td>0.660 (M) </td> <td>4,972 </td> <td>4.0 </td> <td>45.7 </td> <td>15.8 </td> <td>87.0 </td> <td>73 </td> <td>8 (2019)<a href="#cite_note-Statistic_Yearbook_National_Police_2020-61">[59]</a> </td> <td>1.975 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td>0.815 (VH) </td> <td>20,512 </td> <td>6.0 </td> <td>51.9 </td> <td>9.5 </td> <td>97.6 </td> <td>79 </td> <td>18 (2012) </td> <td>1.837 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td>0.728 (H) </td> <td>8,671 </td> <td>3.0 </td> <td>48.0 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td>98.6 </td> <td>77 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>2.037 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>0.777 (H) </td> <td>12,077 </td> <td>2.4 </td> <td>45.3 </td> <td>5.9 </td> <td>97.4 </td> <td>74 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>2.057 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td>0.817 (VH) </td> <td>21,719 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>41.3 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>98.8 </td> <td>77 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1.726 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>0.711 (H) </td> <td>15,892 </td> <td>−10.0 </td> <td>44.8 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>98.5 </td> <td>75 </td> <td>62 </td> <td>2.651 </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin Americans</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_America" title="Demographics of South America">Demographics of South America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afro-Latin_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Latin Americans">Afro-Latin Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Latin_Americans" title="Asian Latin Americans">Asian Latin Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="Indigenous peoples of South America">Indigenous peoples of South America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/White_Latin_Americans" title="White Latin Americans">White Latin Americans</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_expectancy">Life expectancy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Life expectancy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Americas_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries in the Americas by life expectancy">List of countries in the Americas by life expectancy</a></div> List of countries by <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> 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sort-under" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr class="static-row-header" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;"> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">Countries & territories </th> <th colspan="4">2022 </th> <th colspan="9" style="border-left-width:2px;">Historical data </th> <th rowspan="2" style="border-left-width:2px; text-align:middle;">recovery from <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>: 2019→2022 </th></tr> <tr class="static-row-header" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;"> <th style="vertical-align:middle;width:4em;">All </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle;">Male </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle;">Female </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>Sex gap </th> <th style="border-left-width:2px; vertical-align:middle; width:4em; padding-left:1em;">2014 </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">2014 →2019 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2019 </th> <th style="text-align:left;">2019 →2020 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2020 </th> <th style="text-align:left;">2020 →2021 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2021 </th> <th style="text-align:left;">2021 →2022 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2022 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">79.72</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">75.58</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">83.90</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">8.32</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">78.93</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.13</td> <td style="text-align:center;">79.06</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.02</td> <td style="text-align:center;">78.04</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">2.12</td> <td style="text-align:center;">80.16</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.44</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">79.72</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">79.52</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">77.16</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">81.88</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">4.72</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">79.47</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.85</td> <td style="text-align:center;">80.33</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.95</td> <td style="text-align:center;">79.38</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.43</td> <td style="text-align:center;">78.94</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.58</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">79.52</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−0.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">78.16</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">75.79</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">80.56</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">4.77</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">77.85</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.24</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.61</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.04</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.57</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−3.88</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.68</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">4.47</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">78.16</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">78.00</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">74.15</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">81.69</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">7.54</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">77.37</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.14</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.51</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.92</td> <td style="text-align:center;">78.43</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.99</td> <td style="text-align:center;">75.44</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">2.56</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">78.00</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.49 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">77.89</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">75.31</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">80.48</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.17</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">76.62</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.67</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.30</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−5.14</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.15</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.52</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.67</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">4.22</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">77.89</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">77.32</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">74.76</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">80.04</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.27</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">78.77</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.65</td> <td style="text-align:center;">79.43</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.15</td> <td style="text-align:center;">79.28</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.25</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.02</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.30</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">77.32</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−2.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">76.83</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">73.73</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">80.09</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.36</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">77.25</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.56</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.81</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.15</td> <td style="text-align:center;">76.66</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.43</td> <td style="text-align:center;">76.22</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.60</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">76.83</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−0.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">76.06</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">72.85</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">79.28</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.43</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">76.75</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.53</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.28</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.39</td> <td style="text-align:center;">75.89</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.50</td> <td style="text-align:center;">75.39</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.67</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">76.06</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−1.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.83</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">71.55</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">78.16</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.61</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">74.80</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.59</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.20</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−4.07</td> <td style="text-align:center;">70.13</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.08</td> <td style="text-align:center;">70.21</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">4.62</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.83</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.63 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.61</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">71.61</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">77.56</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.94</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">72.81</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.24</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.05</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.26</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.80</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">2.04</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.84</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.78</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.61</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.17</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">71.04</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">77.54</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.49</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">72.87</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.71</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.58</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.69</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.89</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.27</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.61</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.56</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.17</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">73.66</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">70.32</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">77.14</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.82</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">76.04</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.71</td> <td style="text-align:center;">76.75</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.98</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.77</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.94</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.83</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.83</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">73.66</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−3.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">73.42</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">70.30</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">76.60</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.30</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">74.31</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.03</td> <td style="text-align:center;">75.34</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.33</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.01</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.26</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.75</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.67</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">73.42</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−1.91 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">73.39</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">71.33</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">75.50</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">4.16</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">75.33</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.82</td> <td style="text-align:center;">76.16</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.49</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.67</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.29</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.38</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.01</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">73.39</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−2.77 </td></tr> <tr class="static-row-header"> <td align="center">World</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">72.00</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">69.60</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">74.53</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">4.93</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">71.88</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.10</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.98</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.74</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.24</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.92</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.33</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.67</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">72.00</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−0.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">71.47</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">66.84</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">75.81</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">8.98</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">71.75</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.81</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.56</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.50</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.06</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.31</td> <td style="text-align:center;">70.75</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.73</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">71.47</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−1.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">71.11</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">66.88</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">75.66</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">8.78</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">72.85</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.69</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.16</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.07</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.09</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.54</td> <td style="text-align:center;">70.55</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.55</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">71.11</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−1.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">70.73</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">68.46</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">73.16</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">4.70</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">72.26</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.62</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.88</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.42</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.46</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.34</td> <td style="text-align:center;">70.12</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.60</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">70.73</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−2.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">70.47</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">67.64</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">73.57</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.93</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">72.88</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.74</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.62</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.44</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.18</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.92</td> <td style="text-align:center;">70.26</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.21</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">70.47</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−3.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">68.67</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">65.70</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">71.75</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.06</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">71.96</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.17</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.13</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.33</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.80</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.56</td> <td style="text-align:center;">69.24</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.56</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">68.67</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−4.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">64.93</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">62.27</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">67.91</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.64</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">67.16</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.68</td> <td style="text-align:center;">67.84</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−3.37</td> <td style="text-align:center;">64.47</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.84</td> <td style="text-align:center;">63.63</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.30</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">64.93</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−2.91 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:591px;max-width:591px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:195px;max-width:195px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:230px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2019_-with_names.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2019_-with_names.png/193px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2019_-with_names.png" decoding="async" width="193" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="3700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 193px;height: 230px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2019_-with_names.png/193px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2019_-with_names.png" data-alt="" data-width="193" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2019_-with_names.png/290px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2019_-with_names.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2019_-with_names.png/386px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2019_-with_names.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:195px;max-width:195px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:230px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2020_-with_names.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2020_-with_names.png/193px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2020_-with_names.png" decoding="async" width="193" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="3700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 193px;height: 230px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2020_-with_names.png/193px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2020_-with_names.png" data-alt="" data-width="193" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2020_-with_names.png/290px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2020_-with_names.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2020_-with_names.png/386px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2020_-with_names.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:195px;max-width:195px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:230px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2021_-with_names.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2021_-with_names.png/193px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2021_-with_names.png" decoding="async" width="193" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="3700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 193px;height: 230px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2021_-with_names.png/193px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2021_-with_names.png" data-alt="" data-width="193" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2021_-with_names.png/290px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2021_-with_names.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2021_-with_names.png/386px-Life_expectancy_map_-Latin_America_-2021_-with_names.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Change in life expectancy in Latin America from 2019 to 2021<a href="#cite_note-wbg_total-62">[60]</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities">Largest cities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Largest cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical populations</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1750 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,000,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">— </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,000,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.81%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1850 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">38,000,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.92%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">74,000,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.34%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1950 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">167,000,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.64%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">511,000,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.22%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">603,191,486</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.39%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf">"UN report 2004 data" (PDF)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">Urbanization</a> accelerated starting in the mid-twentieth century, especially in <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital cities</a>, or in the case of Brazil, traditional economic and political hubs founded in the colonial era. In Mexico, the rapid growth and modernization in country's north has seen the growth of <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Monterrey,_Mexico" title="Timeline of Monterrey, Mexico">Monterrey</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" title="Nuevo León">Nuevo León</a>. The following is a list of the ten largest metropolitan areas in Latin America. Entries in "bold" indicate they are ranked the highest.<a href="#cite_note-brookingsgdp-65">[63]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>City</th> <th>Country</th> <th>2017 population</th> <th>2014 GDP (<a href="/wiki/GDP_(PPP)" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP (PPP)">PPP</a>, $million, USD)</th> <th>2014 GDP per capita, (USD) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><noscript><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="Mexico" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Mexico</td> <td>23,655,355</td> <td>$403,561</td> <td>$19,239 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><noscript><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="Brazil" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Brazil</td> <td>23,467,354</td> <td>$430,510</td> <td>$20,650 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><noscript><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="Argentina" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td>15,564,354</td> <td>$315,885</td> <td>$23,606 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><noscript><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="Brazil" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Brazil</td> <td>14,440,345</td> <td>$176,630</td> <td>$14,176 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lima_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Lima Metropolitan Area">Lima</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><noscript><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" data-alt="Peru" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></td> <td>9,804,609</td> <td>$176,447</td> <td>$16,530 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><noscript><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" data-alt="Colombia" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td>7,337,449</td> <td>$209,150</td> <td>$19,497 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Metropolitan_Region" title="Santiago Metropolitan Region">Santiago</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><noscript><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" data-alt="Chile" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Chile</td> <td>7,164,400</td> <td>$171,436</td> <td>$23,290 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Belo_Horizonte" title="Greater Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><noscript><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="Brazil" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Brazil</td> <td>6,145,800</td> <td>$95,686</td> <td>$17,635 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalajara Metropolitan Area">Guadalajara</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><noscript><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="Mexico" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Mexico</td> <td>4,687,700</td> <td>$80,656</td> <td>$17,206 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monterrey_Metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Monterrey Metropolitan area">Monterrey</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><noscript><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="Mexico" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Mexico</td> <td>4,344,200</td> <td>$122,896</td> <td>$28,290 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Race and ethnicity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Latin_America" title="Ethnic groups in Latin America">Ethnic groups in Latin America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Latin_America" title="Race and ethnicity in Latin America">Race and ethnicity in Latin America</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Barreda_-_Las_castas_mexicanas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Barreda_-_Las_castas_mexicanas.jpg/170px-Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Barreda_-_Las_castas_mexicanas.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="278" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="1156"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 278px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Barreda_-_Las_castas_mexicanas.jpg/170px-Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Barreda_-_Las_castas_mexicanas.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="278" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Barreda_-_Las_castas_mexicanas.jpg/255px-Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Barreda_-_Las_castas_mexicanas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Barreda_-_Las_castas_mexicanas.jpg/340px-Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Barreda_-_Las_castas_mexicanas.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Eighteenth-century Mexican Casta painting showing 16 castas hierarchically arranged. <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Maria_Barreda" title="Ignacio Maria Barreda">Ignacio Maria Barreda</a>, 1777. Real Academia Española de la Lengua, Madrid.</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Latin_America" title="Special:EditPage/Latin America">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Latin American populations are diverse, with descendants of the Indigenous peoples, Europeans, Africans initially brought as slaves, and Asians, as well as new immigrants. Mixing of groups was a fact of life at contact of the Old World and the New, but colonial regimes established legal and social discrimination against non-white populations simply on the basis of perceived ethnicity and skin color. <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">Social class</a> was usually linked to a person's racial category, with European-born Spaniards and Portuguese on top. During the colonial era, with a dearth initially of European women, European men and Indigenous women and African women produced what were considered mixed-race children. In Spanish America, the so-called Sociedad de <a href="/wiki/Castas" class="mw-redirect" title="Castas">castas</a> or Sistema de castas was constructed by white elites to try to rationalize the processes at work. In the sixteenth century the Spanish crown sought to protect Indigenous populations from exploitation by white elites for their labor and land. The crown created the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rep%C3%BAblica_de_indios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="República de indios (page does not exist)">República de indios</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_indios_en_la_Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:República de indios en la Nueva España">es</a>] to paternalistically govern and protect Indigenous peoples. It also created the República de Españoles, which included not only European whites, but all non-Indigenous peoples, such as blacks, mulattoes, and mixed-race castas who were not dwelling in Indigenous communities. In the religious sphere, the Indigenous were deemed perpetual neophytes in the Catholic faith, which meant Indigenous men were not eligible to be ordained as Catholic priests; however, Indigenous were also excluded from the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a>. Catholics saw military conquest and religious conquest as two parts of the assimilation of Indigenous populations, suppressing Indigenous religious practices and eliminating the Indigenous priesthood. Some worship continued underground. Jews and other non-Catholics, such as Protestants (all called "Lutherans") were banned from settling and were subject to the Inquisition. Considerable mixing of populations occurred in cities, while the countryside was largely Indigenous. At independence in the early nineteenth century, in many places in Spanish America formal racial and legal distinctions disappeared, although slavery was not uniformly abolished. Significant black populations exist in Brazil and Spanish Caribbean islands such as Cuba and Puerto Rico and the circum-Caribbean mainland (Venezuela, Colombia, Panama), as long as in the southern part of South America and Central America (Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Ecuador, and Peru) a legacy of their use in plantations. All these areas had small white populations. In Brazil, coastal Indigenous peoples largely died out in the early sixteenth century, with Indigenous populations surviving far from cities, sugar plantations, and other European enterprises. Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Brazil have dominate Mulatto/Triracial populations ("Pardo" in Brazil), in Brazil and Cuba, there is equally large white populations and smaller black populations, while Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico are more Mulatto/Triracial dominated, with significant black and white minorities. Parts of Central America and northern South America are more diverse in that they are dominated by Mestizos and whites but also have large numbers of Mulattos, blacks, and indigenous, especially Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama. The southern cone region, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile are dominated by whites and mestizos. The rest of Latin America, including México, northern Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras), and central South America (Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay), are dominated by mestizos but also have large white and indigenous minorities. In the nineteenth century, a number of Latin American countries sought immigrants from Europe and Asia. With the abolition of black slavery in 1888, the Brazilian monarchy fell in 1889. By then, another source of cheap labor to work on coffee plantations was found in Japan. Chinese male immigrants arrived in Cuba, Mexico, Peru and elsewhere. With political turmoil in Europe during the mid-nineteenth century and widespread poverty, Germans, Spaniards, and Italians immigrated to Latin America in large numbers, welcomed by Latin American governments both as a source of labor as well as a way to increase the size of their white populations. In Argentina, many <a href="/wiki/Afro-Argentines" title="Afro-Argentines">Afro-Argentines</a> married Europeans.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> In twentieth-century Brazil, sociologist <a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Freyre" title="Gilberto Freyre">Gilberto Freyre</a> proposed that Brazil was a "<a href="/wiki/Racial_democracy" title="Racial democracy">racial democracy</a>", with less discrimination against blacks than in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> Even if a system of legal racial segregation was never implemented in Latin America, unlike the United States, subsequent research has shown that in Brazil there's discrimination against darker citizens, and that whites remain the elites in the country.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> In Mexico, the mestizo population was considered the true embodiment of "<a href="/wiki/La_raza_c%C3%B3smica" title="La raza cósmica">the cosmic race</a>", according to Mexican intellectual <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Vasconcelos" title="José Vasconcelos">José Vasconcelos</a>, thus erasing other populations. There was considerable discrimination against Asians, with calls for the expulsion of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_immigration_to_Mexico" title="Chinese immigration to Mexico">Chinese</a> in northern Mexico during the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920) and racially motivated <a href="/wiki/Torre%C3%B3n_massacre" title="Torreón massacre">massacres</a>. In a number of Latin American countries, Indigenous groups have organized explicitly as Indigenous, to claim human rights and influence political power. With the passage of anti-colonial resolutions in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> and the signing of resolutions for Indigenous rights, the Indigenous are able to act to guarantee their existence within nation-states with legal <a href="/wiki/Standing" title="Standing">standing</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-Romance_Latin_America.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Map-Romance_Latin_America.svg/220px-Map-Romance_Latin_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 275px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Map-Romance_Latin_America.svg/220px-Map-Romance_Latin_America.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="275" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Map-Romance_Latin_America.svg/330px-Map-Romance_Latin_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Map-Romance_Latin_America.svg/440px-Map-Romance_Latin_America.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Linguistic map of Latin America. Spanish in green, Portuguese in orange, and French in blue.</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Latin_America" title="Special:EditPage/Latin America">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> is the predominant language of Latin America. It is spoken as first language by about 60% of the population. <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> is spoken by about 30%, and about 10% speak other languages such as <a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Mayan languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guarani_language" title="Guarani language">Guaraní</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>. Portuguese is spoken mostly in Brazil, the largest and most populous country in the region. Spanish is the official language of most of the other countries and territories on the Latin American mainland, as well as in Cuba, Puerto Rico (where it is co-official with English), and the Dominican Republic. French is spoken in Haiti and in the French <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">overseas departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">Guiana</a>. It is also spoken by some <a href="/wiki/Panamanians" title="Panamanians">Panamanians</a> of Afro-<a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antillean</a> descent. Dutch is the official language in <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a>. (As Dutch is a <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic language</a>, the territories are not necessarily considered part of Latin America.) However, the native and co-official language of <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamento</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole language</a> largely based on Portuguese and Spanish that has had a considerable influence from Dutch and the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-based_creole_languages" title="Portuguese-based creole languages">Portuguese-based creole languages</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-Most_Widely_Spoken_Native_Languages_in_Latin_America.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Map-Most_Widely_Spoken_Native_Languages_in_Latin_America.png/220px-Map-Most_Widely_Spoken_Native_Languages_in_Latin_America.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 254px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Map-Most_Widely_Spoken_Native_Languages_in_Latin_America.png/220px-Map-Most_Widely_Spoken_Native_Languages_in_Latin_America.png" data-width="220" data-height="254" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Map-Most_Widely_Spoken_Native_Languages_in_Latin_America.png/330px-Map-Most_Widely_Spoken_Native_Languages_in_Latin_America.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Map-Most_Widely_Spoken_Native_Languages_in_Latin_America.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>Quechua, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Guaraní, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Aymara, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Náhuatl, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Lenguas Mayas, Mapudungun</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Amerindian languages</a> are widely spoken in Peru, Guatemala, Bolivia, Paraguay and Mexico, and to a lesser degree, in Panama, Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, and Chile. In other Latin American countries, the population of speakers of Indigenous languages tend to be very small or even non-existent, for example in Uruguay. Mexico is possibly contains more Indigenous languages than any other Latin American country, but the most-spoken Indigenous language there is Nahuatl. In Peru, <a href="/wiki/Quechua_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua languages">Quechua</a> is an official language, alongside Spanish and other Indigenous languages in the areas where they predominate. In Ecuador, while <a href="/wiki/Quichua" class="mw-redirect" title="Quichua">Quichua</a> holds no official status, it is a recognized language under the country's constitution; however, it is only spoken by a few groups in the country's highlands. In Bolivia, <a href="/wiki/Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a>, Quechua and <a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Guaraní language">Guaraní</a> hold official status alongside Spanish. Guaraní, like Spanish, is an official language of Paraguay, and is spoken by a majority of the population, which is, for the most part, bilingual, and it is co-official with Spanish in the Argentine province of <a href="/wiki/Corrientes" title="Corrientes">Corrientes</a>. In Nicaragua, Spanish is the official language, but on the country's Caribbean coast English and Indigenous languages such as <a href="/wiki/Miskito_language" title="Miskito language">Miskito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumo_languages" title="Sumo languages">Sumo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rama_language" title="Rama language">Rama</a> also hold official status. Colombia recognizes all Indigenous languages spoken within its territory as official, though fewer than 1% of its population are native speakers of these languages. <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> is one of the 62 Native languages spoken by Indigenous people in Mexico, which are officially recognized by the government as "national languages" along with Spanish. Other European languages spoken in Latin America include: English, by half of the current population in Puerto Rico, as well as in nearby countries that may or may not be considered Latin American, like <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, and spoken by descendants of British settlers in Argentina and Chile. German is spoken in southern Brazil, southern Chile, portions of Argentina, Venezuela and Paraguay; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language_in_Brazil" title="Italian language in Brazil">Italian in Brazil</a>, Argentina, Venezuela, and Uruguay; <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> in southern Brazil and Argentina; and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>, in southern Argentina.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">excessive citations</a>] Non-European or Asian languages include Japanese in Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Chile, Arabic in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and Chile, and Chinese throughout South America. Countries like Venezuela, Argentina and Brazil have their own dialects or variations of German and Italian. In several nations, especially in the Caribbean region, <a href="/wiki/Creole_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Creole languages">creole languages</a> are spoken. The most widely-spoken creole language in Latin America and the Caribbean is <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a>, the predominant language of Haiti, derived primarily from French and certain West African tongues, with <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindian</a>, English, Portuguese and Spanish influences as well. Creole languages of mainland Latin America, similarly, are derived from European languages and various African tongues. The <a href="/wiki/Garifuna_language" title="Garifuna language">Garifuna language</a> is spoken along the Caribbean coast in Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Belize, mostly by the <a href="/wiki/Garifuna_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Garifuna people">Garifuna people</a>, a mixed-race <a href="/wiki/Zambo" title="Zambo">Zambo</a> people who were the result of mixing between Indigenous Caribbeans and escaped Black slaves. Primarily an <a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawakan language</a>, it has influences from Caribbean and European languages. Archaeologists have deciphered over 15 pre-Columbian distinct writing systems from Mesoamerican societies. Ancient <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> had the most sophisticated textually written language, but since texts were largely confined to the religious and administrative elite, traditions were passed down orally. Oral traditions also prevailed in other major Indigenous groups including, but not limited to the <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a> and other Nahuatl speakers, <a href="/wiki/Quechua_people" title="Quechua people">Quechua</a> and Aymara of the Andean regions, the <a href="/wiki/K%27iche%27_people" class="mw-redirect" title="K'iche' people">Quiché</a> of Central America, the <a href="/wiki/Tupi-Guaran%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupi-Guaraní">Tupi-Guaraní</a> in today's Brazil, the <a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_people" title="Guaraní people">Guaraní</a> in Paraguay and the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> in Chile.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latin_America" title="Religion in Latin America">Religion in Latin America</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santuario_de_Las_Lajas,_Ipiales,_Colombia,_2015-07-21,_DD_21-23_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_21-23_HDR.jpg/220px-Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_21-23_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3958" data-file-height="2758"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_21-23_HDR.jpg/220px-Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_21-23_HDR.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_21-23_HDR.jpg/330px-Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_21-23_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_21-23_HDR.jpg/440px-Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_21-23_HDR.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Las_Lajas_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Lajas Sanctuary">Las Lajas Sanctuary</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, Department of <a href="/wiki/Nari%C3%B1o_Department" title="Nariño Department">Nariño</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_Arequipa,_Peru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg/220px-Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1377"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg/220px-Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg/330px-Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg/440px-Catedral_Arequipa%2C_Peru.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Cathedral_of_Arequipa" title="Basilica Cathedral of Arequipa">Cathedral of Arequipa</a>, in Southern <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></figcaption></figure> The vast majority of Latin Americans are <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> (90%),<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> mostly Roman Catholics belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> About 70% of the Latin American population considers itself Catholic.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> In 2012 Latin America constitutes in absolute terms the second <a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">world's largest Christian population</a>, after Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Survey1-80">[78]</a> According to the detailed Pew multi-country survey in 2014, 69% of the Latin American population is Catholic and 19% is Protestant. Protestants are 26% in Brazil and over 40% in much of Central America. More than half of these are converts from Roman Catholicism.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-Religion_in_Latin_America-82">[80]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Religion in Latin America (2014)<a href="#cite_note-Religion_in_Latin_America-82">[80]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Catholic (%)</th> <th>Protestant (%)</th> <th>Irreligion (%)</th> <th>Other (%) </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><noscript><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" data-alt="Paraguay" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td>89 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><noscript><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="Mexico" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>81 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><noscript><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" data-alt="Colombia" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>79 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><noscript><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" data-alt="Ecuador" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td>79 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia"><noscript><img alt="Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" data-alt="Bolivia" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td>77 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><noscript><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" data-alt="Peru" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>76 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><noscript><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" data-alt="Venezuela" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>73 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><noscript><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="Argentina" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>71 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama"><noscript><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" data-alt="Panama" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td>70 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><noscript><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" data-alt="Chile" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td>64 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"><noscript><img alt="Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" data-alt="Costa Rica" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td> <td>62 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><noscript><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="Brazil" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>61 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic"><noscript><img alt="Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="Dominican Republic" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>57 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico"><noscript><img alt="Puerto Rico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" data-alt="Puerto Rico" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[sn 1]</a> </td> <td>56 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><noscript><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" data-alt="El Salvador" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>50 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><noscript><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" data-alt="Guatemala" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td>50 </td> <td>41 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><noscript><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" data-alt="Nicaragua" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td>50 </td> <td>40 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras"><noscript><img alt="Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" data-alt="Honduras" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td>46 </td> <td>41 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><noscript><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" data-alt="Uruguay" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td>42 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>37 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f8ff;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Total </td> <td>69 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Note: Puerto Rico is <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Political status of Puerto Rico">a territory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><noscript><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="United States" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration">Migration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Migration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_diaspora" title="Latin American diaspora">Latin American diaspora</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Latin_America" title="Special:EditPage/Latin America">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The entire hemisphere was settled by migrants from Asia, Europe, and Africa. Native American populations settled throughout the hemisphere before the arrival of Europeans in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and the forced migration of slaves from Africa. In the post-independence period, a number of Latin American countries sought to attract European immigrants as a source of labor as well as to deliberately change the proportions of racial and ethnic groups within their borders. Chile, Argentina, and Brazil actively recruited labor from Catholic southern Europe, where populations were poor and sought better economic opportunities. Many nineteenth-century immigrants went to the United States and Canada, but a significant number arrived in Latin America. Although Mexico tried to attract immigrants, it largely failed.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> As black slavery was abolished in Brazil in 1888, coffee growers recruited Japanese migrants to work in coffee plantations. There is a significant population of Japanese descent in Brazil. Cuba and Peru recruited Chinese labor in the late nineteenth century. Some Chinese immigrants who were excluded from immigrating to the U.S. settled in northern Mexico. When the U.S. acquired its southwest by conquest in the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American War">Mexican American War</a>, Latin American populations did not cross the border to the U.S., the border crossed them. In the twentieth century there have been several types of migration. One is the movement of rural populations within a given country to cities in search of work, causing many Latin American cities to grow significantly. Another is international movement of populations, often fleeing repression or war. Other international migration is for economic reasons, often unregulated or undocumented. Mexicans immigrated to the U.S. during the violence of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920)<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> and the religious <a href="/wiki/Cristero_War" title="Cristero War">Cristero War</a> (1926–29);<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> during World War II, Mexican men worked in the U.S. in the <a href="/wiki/Bracero_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracero program">bracero program</a>. Economic migration from Mexico followed the crash of the Mexican economy in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> Spanish refugees fled to Mexico following the fascist victory in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> (1936–38), with some 50,000 exiles finding refuge at the invitation of President <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Lázaro Cárdenas">Lázaro Cárdenas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> Following World War II a larger wave of refugees to Latin America, many of them Jews, settled in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, and Venezuela. Some were only transiting through the region, but others stayed and created communities.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> A number of Nazis escaped to Latin America, living under assumed names, in an attempt to avoid attention and prosecution. In the aftermath of the Cuban Revolution, middle class and elite Cubans moved to the U.S., particularly to Florida. Some fled Chile for the U.S. and Europe after the 1973 military coup.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> Colombians migrated to Spain and the United Kingdom during the region's political turmoil, compounded by the rise of <a href="/wiki/Drug_trafficking" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug trafficking">narcotrafficking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> During the Central American wars of the 1970s to the 1990s, many Salvadorans, Guatemalans, and Hondurans migrated to the U.S. to escape narcotrafficking, gangs, and poverty. As living conditions deteriorated in Venezuela under <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a>, many left for neighboring Colombia and Ecuador. In the 1990s, economic stress in Ecuador during the <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9cada_Perdida" class="mw-redirect" title="La Década Perdida">La Década Perdida</a> triggered considerable migration to Spain and to the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> Some Latin American countries seek to strengthen links between migrants and their states of origin, while promoting their integration in the receiving state. These emigrant policies focus on the rights, obligations and opportunities for participation of emigrated citizens who already live outside the borders of the country of origin. Research on Latin America shows that the extension of policies towards migrants is linked to a focus on civil rights and state benefits that can positively influence integration in recipient countries. In addition, the tolerance of dual citizenship has spread more in Latin America than in any other region of the world.<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Latin_America" title="Education in Latin America">Education in Latin America</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg/280px-World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg/280px-World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg.png" data-width="280" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg/420px-World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg/560px-World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>World map indicating literacy rate by country in 2015 (2015 CIA <a href="/wiki/World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="World Factbook">World Factbook</a>). Grey = no data.</figcaption></figure> Despite significant progress, education access and school completion remains unequal in Latin America. The region has made great progress in educational coverage; almost all children attend <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary school</a>, and access to <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a> has increased considerably. Quality issues such as poor teaching methods, lack of appropriate equipment, and overcrowding exist throughout the region. These issues lead to adolescents dropping out of the educational system early. Most educational systems in the region have implemented various types of administrative and institutional reforms that have enabled reach for places and communities that had no access to education services in the early 1990s. School meal programs are also employed to expand access to education, and at least 23 countries in the Latin America and Caribbean region have large-scale school feeding activities, altogether reaching 88% of primary school-age children in the region.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> Compared to prior generations, Latin American youth have seen an increase in their levels of education. On average, they have completed two more years of school than their parents.<a href="#cite_note-Welti-95">[92]</a> However, there are still 23 million children in the region between the ages of 4 and 17 outside of the formal education system. Estimates indicate that 30% of preschool age children (ages 4–5) do not attend school, and for the most vulnerable populations, the poor and rural, this proportion exceeds 40 percent. Among primary school age children (ages 6 to 12), attendance is almost universal; however there is still a need to enroll five million more children in the primary education system. These children mostly live in remote areas, are Indigenous or Afro-descendants and live in extreme poverty.<a href="#cite_note-Survey-96">[93]</a> Among people between the ages of 13 and 17 years, only 80% are full-time students, and only 66% of these advance to secondary school. These percentages are lower among vulnerable population groups: only 75% of the poorest youth between the ages of 13 and 17 years attend school. Tertiary education has the lowest coverage, with only 70% of people between the ages of 18 and 25 years outside of the education system. Currently, more than half of low income or rural children fail to complete nine years of education.<a href="#cite_note-Survey-96">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime_and_violence">Crime and violence</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Crime and violence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crime_and_violence_in_Latin_America" title="Crime and violence in Latin America">Crime and violence in Latin America</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homicide_rates_per_100000_people_world,_UNODC_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Homicide_rates_per_100000_people_world%2C_UNODC_2012.jpg/280px-Homicide_rates_per_100000_people_world%2C_UNODC_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="820"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Homicide_rates_per_100000_people_world%2C_UNODC_2012.jpg/280px-Homicide_rates_per_100000_people_world%2C_UNODC_2012.jpg" data-width="280" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Homicide_rates_per_100000_people_world%2C_UNODC_2012.jpg/420px-Homicide_rates_per_100000_people_world%2C_UNODC_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Homicide_rates_per_100000_people_world%2C_UNODC_2012.jpg/560px-Homicide_rates_per_100000_people_world%2C_UNODC_2012.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>2012 map of countries by <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_intentional_homicide_rate" title="List of countries by intentional homicide rate">homicide rate</a>. As of 2015, the Latin American countries with the highest rates were El Salvador (108.64 per 100,000 people), Honduras (63.75) and Venezuela (57.15). The countries with the lowest rates were Chile (3.59), Cuba (4.72) and Argentina (6.53).</figcaption></figure> Latin America and the Caribbean have been cited by numerous sources to be the most dangerous regions in the world.<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> Studies have shown that Latin America contains the majority of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_murder_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities by murder rate">most dangerous cities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> Crime and violence prevention and public security are now important issues for governments and citizens in Latin America and the Caribbean region. Homicide rates in Latin America are the highest in the world. From the early 1980s through the mid-1990s, homicide rates increased by 50 percent. Latin America and the Caribbean experienced more than 2.5 million murders between 2000 and 2017.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> There were a total of 63,880 murders in Brazil in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> The most frequent victims of such homicides are young men, 69 percent of them between the ages of 15 and 19. Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean with the highest homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants in 2015 were: El Salvador 109, Honduras 64, Venezuela 57, Jamaica 43, Belize 34.4, <a href="/wiki/St._Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</a> 34, Guatemala 34, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> 31, <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">the Bahamas</a> 30, Brazil 26.7, Colombia 26.5, the Dominican Republic 22, <a href="/wiki/St._Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Lucia">St. Lucia</a> 22, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> 19, Mexico 16, Puerto Rico 16, Ecuador 13, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> 13, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> 12, Bolivia 12, Nicaragua 12, Panama 11, <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> 11, and Haiti 10.<a href="#cite_note-Homicide_Statistics_database.-101">[98]</a> Most of the countries with the highest homicide rates are in Africa and Latin America. Countries in Central America, like El Salvador and Honduras, top the list of homicides in the world.<a href="#cite_note-murder_rates2-102">[99]</a> Brazil has more overall <a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">homicides</a> than any country in the world, at 50,108, accounting for one in 10 globally. Crime-related violence is the biggest threat to public health in Latin America, striking more victims than <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> or any other infectious disease.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> Countries with the lowest homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants as of 2015 were: Chile 3, Peru 7, Argentina 7, Uruguay 8 and Paraguay 9.<a href="#cite_note-Homicide_Statistics_database.-101">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_health">Public health</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Public health" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Healthy_life_expectancy_bar_chart_-Latin_America.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Healthy_life_expectancy_bar_chart_-Latin_America.png/220px-Healthy_life_expectancy_bar_chart_-Latin_America.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="576"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Healthy_life_expectancy_bar_chart_-Latin_America.png/220px-Healthy_life_expectancy_bar_chart_-Latin_America.png" data-width="220" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Healthy_life_expectancy_bar_chart_-Latin_America.png/330px-Healthy_life_expectancy_bar_chart_-Latin_America.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Healthy_life_expectancy_bar_chart_-Latin_America.png/440px-Healthy_life_expectancy_bar_chart_-Latin_America.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in Latin America in 2019<a href="#cite_note-who-105">[102]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water">Water</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Water" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Latin_America" title="Water supply and sanitation in Latin America">Water supply and sanitation in Latin America</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Latin_America&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Latin_America" title="Water supply and sanitation in Latin America">Water supply and sanitation in Latin America</a> is characterized by insufficient access and in many cases by poor service quality, with detrimental impacts on <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> Water and <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> services are provided by a vast array of mostly local service providers under an often fragmented policy and regulatory framework. Financing of water and sanitation remains a serious challenge. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-Latin_America2.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Map-Latin_America2.png/200px-Map-Latin_America2.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 231px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Map-Latin_America2.png/200px-Map-Latin_America2.png" data-width="200" data-height="231" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Map-Latin_America2.png/300px-Map-Latin_America2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Map-Latin_America2.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reproductive_rights">Reproductive rights</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Reproductive rights" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights_in_Latin_America" title="Reproductive rights in Latin America">Reproductive rights in Latin America</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reproductive_rights_in_Latin_America&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_America_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>As of 2020, Latin America is a predominantly Spanish-Portuguese speaking and predominantly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> region</figcaption></figure> Latin America is home to some of the few countries of the world with a complete ban on abortion and minimal policies on <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">reproductive rights</a>, but it also contains some of the most progressive reproductive rights movements in the world.<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> With roots in indigenous groups, the issues of reproductive rights include abortion, sexual autonomy, reproductive healthcare, and access to contraceptive measures. <a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Modern reproductive rights movements most notably include Marea Verde, which has led to much reproductive legislation reform. <a href="#cite_note-Reproductive_rights_in_Latin_America_Amnesty_International-2019-109">[106]</a> Cuba has acted as a trail-blazer towards more liberal reproductive laws for the rest of Latin America, while other countries like El Salvador and Honduras have tightened restrictions on reproductive rights. <a href="#cite_note-Reproductive_rights_in_Latin_America_GAPD-110">[107]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: HIV/AIDS" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America" title="HIV/AIDS in Latin America">HIV/AIDS in Latin America</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> HIV/AIDS has been a public health concern for Latin America due to a remaining prevalence of the disease.<a href="#cite_note-HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America_:0-111">[108]</a> In 2018 an estimated 2.2 million people had HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean, making the HIV prevalence rate approximately 0.4% in Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America_:0-111">[108]</a> Some demographic groups in Latin America have higher prevalence rates for HIV/ AIDS including men who have sex with men having a prevalence rate of 10.6%, and transgender women having one of the highest rates within the population with a prevalence rate of 17.7%.<a href="#cite_note-HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America_:1-112">[109]</a> Female sex workers and drug users also have higher prevalence for the disease than the general population (4.9% and 1%-49.7% respectively).<a href="#cite_note-HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America_:1-112">[109]</a> One aspect that has contributed to the higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS in LGBT+ groups in Latin America is the concept of <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">homophobia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America_:0-111">[108]</a> Homophobia in Latin America has historically affected HIV service provision through under reported data and less priority through government programs.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> Antiretroviral treatment coverage has been high, with AIDS related deaths decreasing between 2007 and 2017 by 12%, although the rate of new infections has not seen a large decrease.<a href="#cite_note-HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America_:0-111">[108]</a> The cost of antiretroviral medicines remain a barrier for some in Latin America, as well as country wide shortages of medicines and condoms.<a href="#cite_note-HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America_:5-114">[111]</a> In 2017 77% of Latin Americans with HIV were aware of their HIV status.<a href="#cite_note-HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America_:5-114">[111]</a> The prevention of HIV/AIDS in Latin America among groups with a higher prevalence such as men who have sex with men and transgender women, has been aided with educational outreach, condom distribution, and LGBT+ friendly clinics.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> Other main prevention methods include condom availability, education and outreach, HIV awareness, and mother-to-child transmission prevention.<a href="#cite_note-HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America_:0-111">[108]</a></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_economy" title="Latin American economy">Latin American economy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size">Size</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Size" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Latin American cities</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_from_Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SP_from_Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg/200px-SP_from_Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SP_from_Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg/200px-SP_from_Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SP_from_Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg/300px-SP_from_Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SP_from_Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg/400px-SP_from_Altino_Arantes_Building.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ciudad.de.Mexico.City.-_Paseo.Reforma.Skyline_CDMX_2016_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ciudad.de.Mexico.City.-_Paseo.Reforma.Skyline_CDMX_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Ciudad.de.Mexico.City.-_Paseo.Reforma.Skyline_CDMX_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2996" data-file-height="2152"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ciudad.de.Mexico.City.-_Paseo.Reforma.Skyline_CDMX_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Ciudad.de.Mexico.City.-_Paseo.Reforma.Skyline_CDMX_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ciudad.de.Mexico.City.-_Paseo.Reforma.Skyline_CDMX_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Ciudad.de.Mexico.City.-_Paseo.Reforma.Skyline_CDMX_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ciudad.de.Mexico.City.-_Paseo.Reforma.Skyline_CDMX_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Ciudad.de.Mexico.City.-_Paseo.Reforma.Skyline_CDMX_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Buenos_Aires_Puerto_Madero_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Buenos_Aires_Puerto_Madero_13.jpg/200px-Buenos_Aires_Puerto_Madero_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2792" data-file-height="1898"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Buenos_Aires_Puerto_Madero_13.jpg/200px-Buenos_Aires_Puerto_Madero_13.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Buenos_Aires_Puerto_Madero_13.jpg/300px-Buenos_Aires_Puerto_Madero_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Buenos_Aires_Puerto_Madero_13.jpg/400px-Buenos_Aires_Puerto_Madero_13.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:CostaneraCenter2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/CostaneraCenter2016.jpg/200px-CostaneraCenter2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3844"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/CostaneraCenter2016.jpg/200px-CostaneraCenter2016.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/CostaneraCenter2016.jpg/300px-CostaneraCenter2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/CostaneraCenter2016.jpg/400px-CostaneraCenter2016.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Lima_Peru_City_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lima_Peru_City_Skyline.jpg/200px-Lima_Peru_City_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="85" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3718" data-file-height="1571"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 85px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lima_Peru_City_Skyline.jpg/200px-Lima_Peru_City_Skyline.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="85" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lima_Peru_City_Skyline.jpg/300px-Lima_Peru_City_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lima_Peru_City_Skyline.jpg/400px-Lima_Peru_City_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:BOG17.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/BOG17.png/200px-BOG17.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 112px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/BOG17.png/200px-BOG17.png" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="112" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/BOG17.png/300px-BOG17.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/BOG17.png/400px-BOG17.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></div></div></div></div></div> According to <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>' <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> review of emerging economies, by 2050 the largest economies in the world will be as follows: China, United States, India, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Mexico and Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>Population and economy size for Latin American countries </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#ececec;"> <th>Country </th> <th>Population<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-3">[3]</a> (2021, millions) </th> <th>GDP (nominal)<a href="#cite_note-knoema.com-117">[114]</a> (2019, millions US$) </th> <th>GDP (PPP) (2019, millions US$) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>45.3 </td> <td>445,469 </td> <td>903,542 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td>12.1 </td> <td>42,401 </td> <td>94,392 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>214.3 </td> <td>1,847,020 </td> <td>3,456,357 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td>19.5 </td> <td>294,237 </td> <td>502,846 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>51.5 </td> <td>327,895 </td> <td>783,002 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td> <td>5.2 </td> <td>61,021 </td> <td>91,611 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>11.3 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>11.1 </td> <td>89,475 </td> <td>201,266 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td>17.8 </td> <td>107,914 </td> <td>202,773 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td>26,871 </td> <td>55,731 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td>17.6 </td> <td>81,318 </td> <td>153,322 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td>10.3 </td> <td>24,449 </td> <td>51,757 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>126.7 </td> <td>1,274,175 </td> <td>2,627,851 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td>6.9 </td> <td>12,528 </td> <td>34,531 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td>4.4 </td> <td>68,536 </td> <td>113,156 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td>6.7 </td> <td>40,714 </td> <td>97,163 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>33.7 </td> <td>228,989 </td> <td>478,303 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td>3.4 </td> <td>59,918 </td> <td>82,969 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>28.2 </td> <td>70,140 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Total </td> <td>577,8 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr></tbody></table><a href="#cite_note-knoema.com-117">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Agriculture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Latin America">Agriculture in Latin America</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG/220px-Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG/220px-Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG/330px-Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG/440px-Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Sugarcane plantation in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a>. In 2018, Brazil was the world's largest producer, with 746 million tons. Latin America produces more than half of the world's sugarcane.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SojaBrasnorte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SojaBrasnorte.jpg/220px-SojaBrasnorte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SojaBrasnorte.jpg/220px-SojaBrasnorte.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SojaBrasnorte.jpg/330px-SojaBrasnorte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SojaBrasnorte.jpg/440px-SojaBrasnorte.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soybean</a> plantation in <a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a>. In 2020, Brazil was the world's largest producer, with 130 million tons. Latin America produces half of the world's soybeans.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coffee_Plantation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coffee_Plantation.jpg/220px-Coffee_Plantation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="762"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 84px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coffee_Plantation.jpg/220px-Coffee_Plantation.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="84" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coffee_Plantation.jpg/330px-Coffee_Plantation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coffee_Plantation.jpg/440px-Coffee_Plantation.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Coffee in <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>. In 2018, Brazil was the world's largest producer, with 3.5 million tons. Latin America produces half of the world's coffee.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laranja_(Avar%C3%A9)_REFON_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Laranja_%28Avar%C3%A9%29_REFON_1.JPG/220px-Laranja_%28Avar%C3%A9%29_REFON_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="1979"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Laranja_%28Avar%C3%A9%29_REFON_1.JPG/220px-Laranja_%28Avar%C3%A9%29_REFON_1.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Laranja_%28Avar%C3%A9%29_REFON_1.JPG/330px-Laranja_%28Avar%C3%A9%29_REFON_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Laranja_%28Avar%C3%A9%29_REFON_1.JPG/440px-Laranja_%28Avar%C3%A9%29_REFON_1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">Oranges</a> in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a>. In 2018, Brazil was the world's largest producer, with 17 million tons. Latin America produces 30% of the world's oranges.</figcaption></figure> The four countries with the strongest agricultural sector in South America are Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Colombia. Currently:<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> <ul><li>Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane, soy, <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">oranges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Guaraná">guaraná</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7a%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Açaí">açaí</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a>; is one of the top five producers of <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papaya</a>, tobacco, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Beans">beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Watermelon" title="Watermelon">watermelon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yerba_mate" title="Yerba mate">yerba mate</a>; is one of the top ten world producers of <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">cashew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tangerine" title="Tangerine">tangerine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persimmon" title="Persimmon">persimmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guava" title="Guava">guava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomato</a>; and is one of the top 15 world producers of <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melon" title="Melon">melons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Common fig">figs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">natural rubber</a>;</li> <li>Argentina is the world's largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Yerba_mate" title="Yerba mate">yerba mate</a>; is one of the five largest producers in the world of soy, maize, <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed" title="Sunflower seed">sunflower seeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pears</a>, one of the 10 largest producers in the world of <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, grapes, <a href="/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke">artichokes</a>, tobacco and cotton, and one of the 15 largest producers in the world of <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a>, sugarcane, <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grapefruit" title="Grapefruit">grapefruit</a>;</li> <li>Chile is one of the five largest world producers of <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">cranberries</a>, and one of the ten largest world producers of grapes, apples, <a href="/wiki/Kiwifruit" title="Kiwifruit">kiwi</a>, peaches, <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">hazelnuts</a>, focusing on exporting high-value fruits;</li> <li>Colombia is one of the five largest producers in the world of coffee, <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocados</a> and palm oil, and one of the ten largest producers in the world of sugarcane, bananas, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>;</li> <li>Peru is the world's largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">quinoa</a>; is one of the five largest producers of avocados, <a href="/wiki/Blueberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Blueberries">blueberry</a>, artichokes and <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">asparagus</a>; one of the ten largest producers in the world of coffee and <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>; one of the 15 largest producers in the world of <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a> and pineapples, and also has a large production of grapes, sugarcane, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, bananas, maize and <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a>; its agriculture is considerably diversified;</li> <li>Paraguay is currently the 6th largest producer of soy in the world and entering the list of the 20 largest producers of maize and sugarcane.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a></li></ul> In Central America, the following stand out: <ul><li>Guatemala is one of the ten largest producers in the world of coffee, sugar cane, <a href="/wiki/Melon" title="Melon">melons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">natural rubber</a>, and one of the world's 15 largest producers of bananas and <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a>;</li> <li>Honduras is one of the five largest producers of coffee in the world, and one of the ten largest producers of <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a>;</li> <li>Costa Rica is the world's largest producer of pineapples;</li> <li>Dominican Republic is one of the world's top five producers of <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papayas</a> and avocados, and one of the ten largest producers of <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>.</li> <li>Mexico is the world's largest producer of avocados, one of the world's top five producers of <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemons</a>, oranges, mangos, papayas, <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberries</a>, grapefruit, pumpkins and asparagus, and one of the world's 10 largest producers of sugar cane, maize, <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>, tomatoes, <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconuts</a>, pineapple, melons and blueberries.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perdigao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Perdigao.jpg/220px-Perdigao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Perdigao.jpg/220px-Perdigao.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Perdigao.jpg/330px-Perdigao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Perdigao.jpg/440px-Perdigao.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Truck of a meat company in Brazil. Latin America produces 25% of the world's beef and chicken meat.</figcaption></figure> Brazil is the world's largest exporter of <a href="/wiki/Chicken_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken meat">chicken meat</a>: 3.77 million tons in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> The country had the second largest herd of cattle in the world, 22.2% of the world herd. The country was the second largest producer of beef in 2019, responsible for 15.4% of global production.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> It was also the third largest world producer of milk in 2018. This year[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>], the country produced 35.1 billion liters.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> In 2019, Brazil was the fourth largest pork producer in the world, with almost four million tons.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> In 2018, Argentina was the fourth largest producer of beef in the world, with a production of 3 million tons (behind only United States, Brazil and China). Uruguay is also a major meat producer. In 2018, it produced 589 thousand tons of beef.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> In the production of <a href="/wiki/Chicken_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken meat">chicken meat</a>, Mexico is among the ten largest producers in the world, Argentina among the 15 largest and Peru and Colombia among the 20 largest. In beef production, Mexico is one of the ten largest producers in the world and Colombia is one of the 20 largest producers. In the production of pork, Mexico is among the 15 largest producers in the world. In the production of <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, Argentina is among the five largest producers in the world, Mexico among the ten largest and Brazil among the 15 largest. In terms of <a href="/wiki/Cow%27s_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow's milk">cow's milk</a> production, Mexico is among the 15 largest producers in the world and Argentina among the 20 largest.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining_and_petroleum">Mining and petroleum</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Mining and petroleum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mina_de_Chuquicamata,_Calama,_Chile,_2016-02-01,_DD_109.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mina_de_Chuquicamata%2C_Calama%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-01%2C_DD_109.JPG/220px-Mina_de_Chuquicamata%2C_Calama%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-01%2C_DD_109.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6577" data-file-height="5792"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 194px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mina_de_Chuquicamata%2C_Calama%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-01%2C_DD_109.JPG/220px-Mina_de_Chuquicamata%2C_Calama%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-01%2C_DD_109.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="194" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mina_de_Chuquicamata%2C_Calama%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-01%2C_DD_109.JPG/330px-Mina_de_Chuquicamata%2C_Calama%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-01%2C_DD_109.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mina_de_Chuquicamata%2C_Calama%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-01%2C_DD_109.JPG/440px-Mina_de_Chuquicamata%2C_Calama%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-01%2C_DD_109.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Chile is a first world producer of copper.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cerro_ricco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cerro_ricco.jpg/220px-Cerro_ricco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cerro_ricco.jpg/220px-Cerro_ricco.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cerro_ricco.jpg/330px-Cerro_ricco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cerro_ricco.jpg/440px-Cerro_ricco.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Rico" title="Cerro Rico">Cerro Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potos%C3%AD_Department" title="Potosí Department">Potosi</a>, Bolivia, still a major silver mine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg/220px-Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg/220px-Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg/330px-Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg/440px-Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">Amethyst</a> mine in <a href="/wiki/Ametista_do_Sul" title="Ametista do Sul">Ametista do Sul</a>. Latin America is a major producer of gems such as amethyst, <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">topaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emeralds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquamarine_(gem)" title="Aquamarine (gem)">aquamarine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">tourmaline</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Itabira_MG_Brasil_-_Mina_de_Ferro_da_Vale_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Itabira_MG_Brasil_-_Mina_de_Ferro_da_Vale_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Itabira_MG_Brasil_-_Mina_de_Ferro_da_Vale_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Itabira_MG_Brasil_-_Mina_de_Ferro_da_Vale_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Itabira_MG_Brasil_-_Mina_de_Ferro_da_Vale_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Itabira_MG_Brasil_-_Mina_de_Ferro_da_Vale_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Itabira_MG_Brasil_-_Mina_de_Ferro_da_Vale_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Itabira_MG_Brasil_-_Mina_de_Ferro_da_Vale_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Itabira_MG_Brasil_-_Mina_de_Ferro_da_Vale_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Iron mine in <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>. Brazil is the world's second largest <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a> exporter.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mining</a> is one of the most important economic sectors in Latin America, especially for <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Chile" title="Mining in Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Bolivia" title="Mining in Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, whose economies are highly dependent on this sector. The continent has large productions of: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> (mainly in <a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold mining in Peru">Peru</a>, Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_Brazil" title="Gold mining in Brazil">Brazil</a> and Argentina);<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> (mainly in Mexico, Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina);<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> (mainly in <a href="/wiki/Copper_mining_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper mining in Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper_mining_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper mining in Peru">Peru</a>, Mexico and Brazil);<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a> (Brazil, Peru and Chile);<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> (Peru, Mexico, Bolivia and Brazil);<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> (Chile, Peru and Mexico);<a href="#cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-132">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a> (Chile, Argentina and Brazil);<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> (Peru, Mexico and Bolivia);<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Lead_Production_Statistics-134">[131]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a> (Brazil and Jamaica);<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> (Peru, Bolivia and Brazil);<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> (Brazil and Mexico);<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">antimony</a> (Bolivia, Mexico, Guatemala and Ecuador);<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a> (Brazil, Dominican Republic and Cuba);<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a> (Brazil);<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a> (Chile);<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> (Chile),<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> stands out in the extraction of <ul><li>iron ore (where it is the 2nd largest producer and exporter in the world—iron ore is usually one of the three export products that generate the greatest value in the country's <a href="/wiki/Trade_balance" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade balance">trade balance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a> (one of the five largest producers in the world)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> (one of the five largest producers in the world)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> (one of the largest producers in the world)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a> (98% of known world reserves) and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a></li></ul> In terms of gemstones, Brazil is the world's largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">amethysts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">topaz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">agates</a> and one of the main producers of <a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">tourmaline</a>, emeralds, <a href="/wiki/Aquamarine_(gemstone)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquamarine (gemstone)">aquamarines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">garnets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> contributes about a third of the world's <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> production.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> In addition, Chile was, in 2019, the world's largest producer of iodine<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a>,<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> the second largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS_Lithium_Production_Statistics-152">[149]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-132">[129]</a> the sixth largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Silver_Production_Statistics-153">[150]</a> the seventh largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Salt_Production_Statistics-154">[151]</a> the eighth largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a>,<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> the thirteenth-largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> and the thirteenth largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> in the world. In 2019, Peru was the second largest world producer of copper<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Copper_Production_Statistics-158">[155]</a> and silver,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Silver_Production_Statistics-153">[150]</a> 8th largest world producer of gold,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Gold_Production_Statistics-159">[156]</a> third largest world producer of lead,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Lead_Production_Statistics-134">[131]</a> second largest world producer of <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Zinc_Production_Statistics-160">[157]</a> fourth largest world producer of <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Tin_Production_Statistics-161">[158]</a> fifth largest world producer of <a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">boron</a>,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Boron_Production_Statistics-162">[159]</a> and fourth largest world producer of molybdenum.<a href="#cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-132">[129]</a> In 2019, Bolivia was the eighth largest world producer of silver;<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Silver_Production_Statistics-153">[150]</a> fourth largest world producer of boron;<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Boron_Production_Statistics-162">[159]</a> fifth largest world producer of <a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">antimony</a>;<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> fifth largest world producer of <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>;<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Tin_Production_Statistics-161">[158]</a> sixth largest world producer of <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>;<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> seventh largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>,<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> and the eighth largest producer of lead.<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Lead_Production_Statistics-134">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> In 2019, Mexico was the world's largest producer of silver<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Silver_Production_Statistics-153">[150]</a> (representing almost 23% of world production, producing more than 200 million ounces in 2019);<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> ninth largest producer of gold,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Gold_Production_Statistics-159">[156]</a> the eighth largest producer of copper,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Copper_Production_Statistics-158">[155]</a> the world's fifth largest producer of lead,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Lead_Production_Statistics-134">[131]</a> the world's sixth largest producer of zinc,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Zinc_Production_Statistics-160">[157]</a> the world's fifth largest producer of molybdenum,<a href="#cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-132">[129]</a> the world's third largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(chemical_element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (chemical element)">mercury</a>,<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> the world's fifth largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">bismuth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> the world's 13th largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> and the 23rd largest world producer of <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> It is also the eighth largest world producer of <a href="/wiki/Table_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Table salt">salt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Salt_Production_Statistics-154">[151]</a> In 2019, Argentina was the fourth largest world producer of lithium,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Lithium_Production_Statistics-152">[149]</a> the ninth largest world producer of silver,<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Silver_Production_Statistics-153">[150]</a> the 17th largest world producer of gold<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Gold_Production_Statistics-159">[156]</a> and the seventh largest world producer of boron.<a href="#cite_note-USGS_Boron_Production_Statistics-162">[159]</a> Colombia is the world's largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Emeralds" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeralds">emeralds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> In the production of gold, between 2006 and 2017, the country produced 15 tons per year until 2007, when its production increased significantly, breaking a record of 66.1 tons extracted in 2012. In 2017, it extracted 52.2 tons. The country is among the 25 largest gold producers in the world.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> In the production of silver, in 2017 the country extracted 15,5 tons.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> In the production of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a>, Brazil was the tenth largest oil producer in the world in 2019, with 2.8 million barrels a day. Mexico was the twelfth largest, with 2.1 million barrels a day, Colombia in 20th place with 886 thousand barrels a day, Venezuela was the twenty-first place, with 877 thousand barrels a day, Ecuador in 28th with 531 thousand barrels a day and Argentina. 29th with 507 thousand barrels a day. Since Venezuela and Ecuador consume little oil and export most of their production, they are part of <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>. Venezuela had a big drop in production after 2015 (when it produced 2.5 million barrels a day), falling in 2016 to 2.2 million, in 2017 to 2 million, in 2018 to 1.4 million and in 2019 to 877 thousand, due to lack of investment.<a href="#cite_note-eia.gov-176">[173]</a> In the production of <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, in 2018, Argentina produced 1,524 bcf (billions of cubic feet), Mexico produced 999, Venezuela 946, Brazil 877, Bolivia 617, Peru 451, Colombia 379.<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> In the production of <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>, the continent had three of the 30 largest world producers in 2018: Colombia (12th), Mexico (24th) and Brazil (27th).<a href="#cite_note-bp.com-178">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Manufacturing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Planta_Braskem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Planta_Braskem.jpg/220px-Planta_Braskem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="472"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Planta_Braskem.jpg/220px-Planta_Braskem.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Planta_Braskem.jpg/330px-Planta_Braskem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Planta_Braskem.jpg/440px-Planta_Braskem.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Braskem" title="Braskem">Braskem</a>, the largest Brazilian chemical industry</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/EMS_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-EMS_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1293" data-file-height="664"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/EMS_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-EMS_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/EMS_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-EMS_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/EMS_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-EMS_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/EMS_(pharmaceuticals)" title="EMS (pharmaceuticals)">EMS</a>, the largest Brazilian pharmaceutical industry</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> annually lists the top manufacturing countries by total manufacturing value. According to the 2019 list: <ul><li>Mexico had the twelfth most valuable industry in the world (US$217.8 billion)</li> <li>Brazil the thirteenth largest (US$173.6 billion)</li> <li>Venezuela the thirtieth largest (US$58.2 billion, however, it depends on oil to reach this value)</li> <li>Argentina the 31st largest (US$57.7 billion)</li> <li>Colombia the 46th largest (US$35.4 billion)</li> <li>Peru the 50th largest (US$28.7 billion)</li> <li>Chile the 51st largest (US$28.3 billion).<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a></li></ul> In Latin America, few countries stand out in industrial activity: Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and, less prominently, Chile. Begun late, the industrialization of these countries received a great boost from World War II: this prevented the countries at war from buying the products they were used to importing and exporting what they produced. At that time, benefiting from the abundant local raw material, the low wages paid to the labor force and a certain specialization brought by immigrants, countries such as Brazil, Mexico and Argentina, as well as Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and Peru, were able to implement important industrial parks. In general, in these countries there are industries that require little capital and simple technology for their installation, such as the food processing and textile industries. The basic industries (steel, etc.) also stand out, as well as the metallurgical and mechanical industries.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">This paragraph needs citation(s)</a>] The industrial parks of Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Chile, however, present much greater diversity and sophistication, producing advanced technology items. In the rest of Latin American countries, mainly in Central America, the processing industries of primary products for export predominate.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">This paragraph needs citation(s)</a>] In the <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">food industry</a>, in 2019, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> was the second largest exporter of processed foods in the world.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> In 2016, the country was the second largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">pulp</a> in the world and the eighth largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Footwear_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Footwear industry">footwear industry</a>, in 2019, Brazil ranked fourth among world producers.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> In 2019, the country was the eighth largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicles">vehicles</a> and the ninth largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical industry</a> of Brazil was the eighth largest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">textile industry</a>, Brazil, although it was among the five largest world producers in 2013, is very little integrated into world trade.<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> In the aviation sector, Brazil has <a href="/wiki/Embraer" title="Embraer">Embraer</a>, the third largest aircraft manufacturer in the world, behind <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Infrastructure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Panama_Canal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/New_Panama_Canal.jpg/400px-New_Panama_Canal.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="533"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 225px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/New_Panama_Canal.jpg/400px-New_Panama_Canal.jpg" data-width="400" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/New_Panama_Canal.jpg/600px-New_Panama_Canal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/New_Panama_Canal.jpg/800px-New_Panama_Canal.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_expansion_project" title="Panama Canal expansion project">Panama Canal expansion project</a>; New Agua Clara locks (Atlantic side)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RodBandeirantes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/RodBandeirantes.jpg/200px-RodBandeirantes.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2194"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/RodBandeirantes.jpg/200px-RodBandeirantes.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/RodBandeirantes.jpg/300px-RodBandeirantes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/RodBandeirantes.jpg/400px-RodBandeirantes.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rodovia_dos_Bandeirantes" title="Rodovia dos Bandeirantes">Rodovia dos Bandeirantes</a>, Brazil</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg/200px-Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2134"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg/200px-Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg/300px-Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg/400px-Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Ruta 9 / 14, in Zarate, Argentina</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge_view_from_the_lake_to_Cabimas_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge_view_from_the_lake_to_Cabimas_side.jpg/200px-General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge_view_from_the_lake_to_Cabimas_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge_view_from_the_lake_to_Cabimas_side.jpg/200px-General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge_view_from_the_lake_to_Cabimas_side.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge_view_from_the_lake_to_Cabimas_side.jpg/300px-General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge_view_from_the_lake_to_Cabimas_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge_view_from_the_lake_to_Cabimas_side.jpg/400px-General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge_view_from_the_lake_to_Cabimas_side.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge" title="General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge">General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge</a></figcaption></figure> Transport in Latin America is basically carried out using the <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">road</a> mode, the most developed in the region. There is also a considerable infrastructure of <a href="/wiki/Ports" class="mw-redirect" title="Ports">ports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airports" class="mw-redirect" title="Airports">airports</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">fluvial</a> sector, although it has potential, is usually treated in a secondary way. Brazil has more than 1.7 million km of <a href="/wiki/Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Roads">roads</a>, of which 215,000 km are paved, and about 14,000 km are <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">divided highways</a>. The two most important highways in the country are <a href="/wiki/BR-101" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-101">BR-101</a> and <a href="/wiki/BR-116" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-116">BR-116</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Anu%C3%A1rio_CNT_do_transporte_2018-197">[194]</a> Argentina has more than 600,000 km of roads, of which about 70,000 km are paved, and about 2,500 km are divided highways. The three most important highways in the country are <a href="/wiki/National_Route_9_(Argentina)" title="National Route 9 (Argentina)">Route 9</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Route_7_(Argentina)" title="National Route 7 (Argentina)">Route 7</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Route_14_(Argentina)" title="National Route 14 (Argentina)">Route 14</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Anu%C3%A1rio_CNT_do_transporte_2018-197">[194]</a> Colombia has about 210,000 km of roads, and about 2,300 km are divided highways.<a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> Chile has about 82,000 km of roads, 20,000 km of which are paved, and about 2,000 km are divided highways. The most important highway in the country is the <a href="/wiki/Chile_Route_5" title="Chile Route 5">Route 5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Highway" title="Pan-American Highway">Pan-American Highway</a>)<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> These 4 countries are the ones with the best road infrastructure and with the largest number of double-lane highways, in South America. The roadway network in Mexico has an extent of 366,095 km (227,481 mi),<a href="#cite_note-cis-200">[197]</a> of which 116,802 km (72,577 mi) are paved,<a href="#cite_note-sctroad-201">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> Of these, 10,474 km (6,508 mi) are multi-lane <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">expressways</a>: 9,544 km (5,930 mi) are four-lane highways and the rest have 6 or more lanes.<a href="#cite_note-sctroad-201">[198]</a> Due to the <a href="/wiki/Andes_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Andes Mountains">Andes Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Forest">Amazon Forest</a>, there have always been difficulties in implementing transcontinental or bioceanic highways. Practically the only route that existed was the one that connected Brazil to Buenos Aires, in Argentina and later to Santiago, in Chile. However, in recent years, with the combined effort of countries, new routes have started to emerge, such as Brazil-Peru (<a href="/wiki/Interoceanic_Highway" title="Interoceanic Highway">Interoceanic Highway</a>), and a new highway between Brazil, Paraguay, northern Argentina and northern Chile (<a href="/wiki/Central_Bi-Oceanic_railway" title="Central Bi-Oceanic railway">Bioceanic Corridor</a>). <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AICM_AIR_T2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/AICM_AIR_T2.jpg/220px-AICM_AIR_T2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="553"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/AICM_AIR_T2.jpg/220px-AICM_AIR_T2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/AICM_AIR_T2.jpg/330px-AICM_AIR_T2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/AICM_AIR_T2.jpg/440px-AICM_AIR_T2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_International_Airport" title="Mexico City International Airport">Mexico City International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Sa%C3%BAde_dos_Portos_(7110638275).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/A_Sa%C3%BAde_dos_Portos_%287110638275%29.jpg/220px-A_Sa%C3%BAde_dos_Portos_%287110638275%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 330px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/A_Sa%C3%BAde_dos_Portos_%287110638275%29.jpg/220px-A_Sa%C3%BAde_dos_Portos_%287110638275%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="330" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/A_Sa%C3%BAde_dos_Portos_%287110638275%29.jpg/330px-A_Sa%C3%BAde_dos_Portos_%287110638275%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/A_Sa%C3%BAde_dos_Portos_%287110638275%29.jpg/440px-A_Sa%C3%BAde_dos_Portos_%287110638275%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Port of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil</figcaption></figure> There are more than 2,000 airports in Brazil. The country has the second largest number of airports in the world, behind only the United States. <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo/Guarulhos_International_Airport" title="São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport">São Paulo International Airport</a>, located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, is the largest and busiest in the country – the airport connects São Paulo to practically all major cities around the world. Brazil has 44 international airports, such as those in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro/Gale%C3%A3o_International_Airport" title="Rio de Janeiro/Galeão International Airport">Rio de Janeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia_International_Airport" title="Brasília International Airport">Brasília</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belo_Horizonte_International_Airport" title="Belo Horizonte International Airport">Belo Horizonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salgado_Filho_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Salgado Filho International Airport">Porto Alegre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herc%C3%ADlio_Luz_International_Airport" title="Hercílio Luz International Airport">Florianópolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marechal_Rondon_International_Airport" title="Marechal Rondon International Airport">Cuiabá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador International Airport">Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recife/Guararapes%E2%80%93Gilberto_Freyre_International_Airport" title="Recife/Guararapes–Gilberto Freyre International Airport">Recife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza_Airport" title="Fortaleza Airport">Fortaleza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m/Val-de-Cans_International_Airport" title="Belém/Val-de-Cans International Airport">Belém</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Gomes_International_Airport" title="Eduardo Gomes International Airport">Manaus</a>, among others. Argentina has important international airports such as <a href="/wiki/Ministro_Pistarini_International_Airport" title="Ministro Pistarini International Airport">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingeniero_Aeron%C3%A1utico_Ambrosio_L.V._Taravella_International_Airport" title="Ingeniero Aeronáutico Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport">Cordoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_de_Bariloche_Airport" title="San Carlos de Bariloche Airport">Bariloche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_Francisco_Gabrielli_International_Airport" title="Governor Francisco Gabrielli International Airport">Mendoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Miguel_de_G%C3%BCemes_International_Airport" title="Martín Miguel de Güemes International Airport">Salta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cataratas_del_Iguaz%C3%BA_International_Airport" title="Cataratas del Iguazú International Airport">Puerto Iguazú</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidente_Per%C3%B3n_International_Airport" title="Presidente Perón International Airport">Neuquén</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ushuaia_%E2%80%93_Malvinas_Argentinas_International_Airport" title="Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport">Ushuaia</a>, among others. Chile has important international airports such as <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Merino_Ben%C3%ADtez_International_Airport" title="Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport">Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Sabella_G%C3%A1lvez_International_Airport" title="Andrés Sabella Gálvez International Airport">Antofagasta</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Tepual_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="El Tepual Airport">Puerto Montt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidente_Carlos_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_del_Campo_International_Airport" title="Presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport">Punta Arenas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diego_Aracena_International_Airport" title="Diego Aracena International Airport">Iquique</a>, among others. Colombia has important international airports such as <a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_International_Airport" title="El Dorado International Airport">Bogotá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_C%C3%B3rdova_International_Airport" title="José María Córdova International Airport">Medellín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rafael_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_International_Airport" title="Rafael Núñez International Airport">Cartagena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Bonilla_Arag%C3%B3n_International_Airport" title="Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport">Cali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Cortissoz_International_Airport" title="Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport">Barranquilla</a>, among others. Peru has important international airports such as <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Ch%C3%A1vez_International_Airport" title="Jorge Chávez International Airport">Lima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Velasco_Astete_International_Airport" title="Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport">Cuzco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport" title="Rodríguez Ballón International Airport">Arequipa</a>. Other important airports are those in the capitals of Uruguay (<a href="/wiki/Carrasco_International_Airport" title="Carrasco International Airport">Montevideo</a>), Paraguay (<a href="/wiki/Silvio_Pettirossi_International_Airport" title="Silvio Pettirossi International Airport">Asunción</a>), Bolivia (<a href="/wiki/El_Alto_International_Airport" title="El Alto International Airport">La Paz</a>) and Ecuador (<a href="/wiki/Mariscal_Sucre_International_Airport" title="Mariscal Sucre International Airport">Quito</a>). The 10 busiest airports in South America in 2017 were: São Paulo-Guarulhos (Brazil), Bogotá (Colombia), São Paulo-Congonhas (Brazil), Santiago (Chile), Lima (Peru), Brasília (Brazil), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Buenos Aires-Aeroparque (Argentina), Buenos Aires-Ezeiza (Argentina), and Minas Gerais (Brazil).<a href="#cite_note-panrotas.com.br-203">[200]</a> There are 1,834 airports in Mexico, the third-largest number of airports by country in the world.<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> The seven largest airports—which absorb 90% of air travel—are (in order of air traffic): <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_International_Airport" title="Mexico City International Airport">Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn_International_Airport" title="Cancún International Airport">Cancún</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport">Guadalajara</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Mariano_Escobedo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="General Mariano Escobedo International Airport">Monterrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Abelardo_L._Rodr%C3%ADguez_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="General Abelardo L. Rodríguez International Airport">Tijuana</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Juan_N._%C3%81lvarez_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="General Juan N. Álvarez International Airport">Acapulco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lic._Gustavo_D%C3%ADaz_Ordaz_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Lic. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport">Puerto Vallarta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mcx-205">[202]</a> Considering all of Latin America, the 10 busiest airports in 2017 were: Mexico City (Mexico), São Paulo-Guarulhos (Brazil), Bogotá (Colombia), Cancún (Mexico), São Paulo-Congonhas (Brazil), Santiago ( Chile), Lima (Peru), Brasilia (Brazil), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Tocumen (Panama).<a href="#cite_note-panrotas.com.br-203">[200]</a> About <a href="/wiki/Ports" class="mw-redirect" title="Ports">ports</a>, Brazil has some of the busiest ports in South America, such as <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Santos" title="Port of Santos">Port of Santos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Port of Rio de Janeiro">Port of Rio de Janeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Paranagu%C3%A1" title="Port of Paranaguá">Port of Paranaguá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Itaja%C3%AD" title="Port of Itajaí">Port of Itajaí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rio_Grande" title="Port of Rio Grande">Port of Rio Grande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_S%C3%A3o_Francisco_do_Sul" title="Port of São Francisco do Sul">Port of São Francisco do Sul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suape_Port" title="Suape Port">Suape Port</a>. Argentina has ports such as <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Port of Buenos Aires">Port of Buenos Aires</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rosario" title="Port of Rosario">Port of Rosario</a>. Chile has important ports in <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caldera,_Chile" title="Caldera, Chile">Caldera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mejillones" title="Mejillones">Mejillones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iquique" title="Iquique">Iquique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arica" title="Arica">Arica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Montt" title="Puerto Montt">Puerto Montt</a>. Colombia has important ports such as <a href="/wiki/Buenaventura,_Valle_del_Cauca" title="Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca">Buenaventura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartagena_Container_Terminal" title="Cartagena Container Terminal">Cartagena Container Terminal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Bolivar,_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Bolivar, Colombia">Puerto Bolivar</a>. Peru has important ports in <a href="/wiki/Callao" title="Callao">Callao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilo,_Peru" title="Ilo, Peru">Ilo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matarani" title="Matarani">Matarani</a>. The 15 busiest ports in South America are: Port of Santos (Brazil), Port of Bahia de Cartagena (Colombia), Callao (Peru), Guayaquil (Ecuador), Buenos Aires (Argentina), San Antonio (Chile), Buenaventura (Colombia), Itajaí (Brazil), Valparaíso (Chile), Montevideo (Uruguay), Paranaguá (Brazil), Rio Grande (Brazil), São Francisco do Sul (Brazil), Manaus (Brazil) and Coronel (Chile).<a href="#cite_note-cepal.org-206">[203]</a> The four major seaports concentrating around 60% of the merchandise traffic in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> are <a href="/wiki/Altamira,_Tamaulipas" title="Altamira, Tamaulipas">Altamira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veracruz,_Veracruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Veracruz, Veracruz">Veracruz</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manzanillo,_Colima" title="Manzanillo, Colima">Manzanillo</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_C%C3%A1rdenas,_Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán">Lázaro Cárdenas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. Considering all of Latin America, the 10 largest ports in terms of movement are: Colon (Panama), Santos (Brazil), Manzanillo (Mexico), Bahia de Cartagena (Colombia), Pacifico (Panama), Callao (Peru), Guayaquil (Ecuador), Buenos Aires (Argentina), San Antonio (Chile) and Buenaventura (Colombia).<a href="#cite_note-cepal.org-206">[203]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Brazil" title="Rail transport in Brazil">Brazilian railway network</a> has an extension of about 30,000 kilometers. It is basically used for transporting ores.<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Argentina" title="Rail transport in Argentina">Argentine rail network</a>, with 47,000 km of tracks, was one of the largest in the world and continues to be the most extensive in Latin America. It came to have about 100,000 km of rails, but the lifting of tracks and the emphasis placed on motor transport gradually reduced it. It has four different trails and international connections with Paraguay, Bolivia, Chile, Brazil and Uruguay. <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Chile">Chile</a> has almost 7,000 km of railways, with connections to Argentina, Bolivia and Peru. <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Colombia" title="Rail transport in Colombia">Colombia</a> has only about 3,500 km of railways.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> Among the main Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Waterways" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterways">waterways</a>, two stand out: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrovia_Tiet%C3%AA-Paran%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná (page does not exist)">Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná</a> (which has a length of 2,400 km, 1,600 on the Paraná River and 800 km on the Tietê River, draining agricultural production from the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás and part of Rondônia, Tocantins and Minas General) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrovia_do_Solim%C3%B5es-Amazonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrovia do Solimões-Amazonas (page does not exist)">Hidrovia do Solimões-Amazonas</a> (it has two sections: Solimões, which extends from Tabatinga to Manaus, with approximately 1600 km, and Amazonas, which extends from Manaus to Belém, with 1650 km. Almost entirely passenger transport from the Amazon plain is done by this waterway, in addition to practically all cargo transportation that is directed to the major regional centers of Belém and Manaus). In Brazil, this transport is still underutilized: the most important waterway stretches, from an economic point of view, are found in the Southeast and South of the country. Its full use still depends on the construction of locks, major dredging works and, mainly, of ports that allow intermodal integration. In <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, the waterway network is made up of the La Plata, Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay rivers. The main river ports are <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1rate,_Buenos_Aires" title="Zárate, Buenos Aires">Zárate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campana_Partido" title="Campana Partido">Campana</a>. The port of Buenos Aires is historically the first in individual importance, but the area known as Up-River, which stretches along 67 km of the Santa Fé portion of the Paraná River, brings together 17 ports that concentrate 50% of the total exports of the country. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Energy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Brazil" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Brazil">Energy policy of Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Brazil" title="Renewable energy in Brazil">Renewable energy in Brazil</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ItaipuAerea2AAL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ItaipuAerea2AAL.jpg/220px-ItaipuAerea2AAL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="467"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ItaipuAerea2AAL.jpg/220px-ItaipuAerea2AAL.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ItaipuAerea2AAL.jpg/330px-ItaipuAerea2AAL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ItaipuAerea2AAL.jpg/440px-ItaipuAerea2AAL.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Itaipu_Dam" title="Itaipu Dam">Itaipu Dam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Energia_Eolica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Energia_Eolica.jpg/220px-Energia_Eolica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3467" data-file-height="2554"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 162px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Energia_Eolica.jpg/220px-Energia_Eolica.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Energia_Eolica.jpg/330px-Energia_Eolica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Energia_Eolica.jpg/440px-Energia_Eolica.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind power</a> in <a href="/wiki/Parna%C3%ADba" title="Parnaíba">Parnaíba</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angra_dos_Reis_-_usinas_nucleares.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Angra_dos_Reis_-_usinas_nucleares.jpg/220px-Angra_dos_Reis_-_usinas_nucleares.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Angra_dos_Reis_-_usinas_nucleares.jpg/220px-Angra_dos_Reis_-_usinas_nucleares.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Angra_dos_Reis_-_usinas_nucleares.jpg/330px-Angra_dos_Reis_-_usinas_nucleares.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Angra_dos_Reis_-_usinas_nucleares.jpg/440px-Angra_dos_Reis_-_usinas_nucleares.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Angra_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Angra Nuclear Power Plant">Angra Nuclear Power Plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Angra_dos_Reis" title="Angra dos Reis">Angra dos Reis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif/220px-Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif/220px-Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif/330px-Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif/440px-Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pirapora_Solar_Complex" title="Pirapora Solar Complex">Pirapora Solar Complex</a>, the largest in Brazil and Latin America with a capacity of 321 MW</figcaption></figure> The Brazilian government has undertaken an ambitious program to reduce dependence on imported petroleum. Imports previously accounted for more than 70% of the country's oil needs but Brazil became self-sufficient in oil in 2006–2007. Brazil was the 10th largest oil producer in the world in 2019, with 2.8 million barrels / day. Production manages to supply the country's demand.<a href="#cite_note-eia.gov-176">[173]</a> In the beginning of 2020, in the production of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, the country exceeded 4 million <a href="/wiki/Barrels_of_oil_equivalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrels of oil equivalent">barrels of oil equivalent</a> per day, for the first time. In January this year, 3.168 million barrels of oil per day and 138.753 million cubic meters of natural gas were extracted.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> Brazil is one of the main world producers of <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric power</a>. In 2019, Brazil had 217 hydroelectric plants in operation, with an installed capacity of 98,581 MW, 60.16% of the country's energy generation.<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> In the total generation of electricity, in 2019 Brazil reached 170,000 megawatts of installed capacity, more than 75% from renewable sources (the majority, hydroelectric).<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast Region</a> used about 50% of the load of the National Integrated System (SIN), being the main energy consuming region in the country. The region's installed electricity generation capacity totaled almost 42,500 MW, which represented about a third of Brazil's generation capacity. The <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> generation represented 58% of the region's installed capacity, with the remaining 42% corresponding basically to the <a href="/wiki/Thermoelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermoelectric">thermoelectric</a> generation. São Paulo accounted for 40% of this capacity; Minas Gerais by about 25%; Rio de Janeiro by 13.3%; and Espírito Santo accounted for the rest. The <a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="South Region, Brazil">South Region</a> owns the <a href="/wiki/Itaipu_Dam" title="Itaipu Dam">Itaipu Dam</a>, which was the largest hydroelectric plant in the world for several years, until the inauguration of <a href="/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam" title="Three Gorges Dam">Three Gorges Dam</a> in China. It remains the second largest operating <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> in the world. Brazil is the co-owner of the Itaipu Plant with <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>: the dam is located on the <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_River" title="Paraná River">Paraná River</a>, located on the border between countries. It has an installed generation capacity of 14 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">GW</a> for 20 generating units of 700 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">MW</a> each. <a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Brazil" title="North Region, Brazil">North Region</a> has large hydroelectric plants, such as <a href="/wiki/Belo_Monte_Dam" title="Belo Monte Dam">Belo Monte Dam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tucuru%C3%AD_Dam" title="Tucuruí Dam">Tucuruí Dam</a>, which produce much of the national energy. Brazil's hydroelectric potential has not yet been fully exploited, so the country still has the capacity to build several renewable energy plants in its territory.<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> As of July 2022,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.org.br/paginas/conhecimento/acervo-digital/documentos-e-publicacoes">[ref]</a> according to ONS, total installed capacity of <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a> was 22 GW, with average <a href="/wiki/Capacity_factor" title="Capacity factor">capacity factor</a> of 58%.<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a> While the world average wind production capacity factors is 24.7%, there are areas in Northern Brazil, specially in Bahia State, where some wind farms record with average capacity factors over 60%;<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-43">[41]</a> the average capacity factor in the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Northeast Region, Brazil">Northeast Region</a> is 45% in the coast and 49% in the interior.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> In 2019, wind energy represented 9% of the energy generated in the country.<a href="#cite_note-cbie.com.br-219">[216]</a> In 2019, it was estimated that the country had an estimated wind power generation potential of around 522 GW (this, only onshore), enough energy to meet three times the country's current demand.<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> In 2021 Brazil was the 7th country in the world in terms of installed wind power (21 GW),<a href="#cite_note-RENEWABLE_CAPACITY_STATISTICS_2021-222">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> and the 4th largest producer of wind energy in the world (72 TWh), behind only China, USA and Germany.<a href="#cite_note-auto-224">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-RENEWABLE_CAPACITY_STATISTICS_2021-222">[219]</a> Nuclear energy accounts for about 4% of Brazil's electricity.<a href="#cite_note-uic-225">[222]</a> The nuclear power generation monopoly is owned by <a href="/wiki/Eletronuclear" class="mw-redirect" title="Eletronuclear">Eletronuclear (Eletrobrás Eletronuclear S/A)</a>, a wholly owned subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Eletrobr%C3%A1s" class="mw-redirect" title="Eletrobrás">Eletrobrás</a>. Nuclear energy is produced by <a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_reactors#Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="List of nuclear reactors">two reactors</a> at <a href="/wiki/Angra_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Angra Nuclear Power Plant">Angra</a>. It is located at the Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto (CNAAA) on the Praia de Itaorna in <a href="/wiki/Angra_dos_Reis" title="Angra dos Reis">Angra dos Reis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a>. It consists of two <a href="/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor" title="Pressurized water reactor">pressurized water reactors</a>, Angra I, with capacity of 657 MW, connected to the power grid in 1982, and Angra II, with capacity of 1,350 MW, connected in 2000. A third reactor, Angra III, with a projected output of 1,350 MW, is planned to be finished.<a href="#cite_note-merco-226">[223]</a> As of October 2022,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.org.br/paginas/conhecimento/acervo-digital/documentos-e-publicacoes">[ref]</a> according to ONS, total installed capacity of <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic solar">photovoltaic solar</a> was 21 GW, with average <a href="/wiki/Capacity_factor" title="Capacity factor">capacity factor</a> of 23%.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> Some of the most <a href="/wiki/Solar_irradiance" title="Solar irradiance">irradiated</a> Brazilian States are MG ("Minas Gerais"), BA ("Bahia") and GO ("Goiás"), which have indeed world <a href="/wiki/Solar_irradiance" title="Solar irradiance">irradiation</a> level records.<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> In 2019, solar power represented 1.27% of the energy generated in the country.<a href="#cite_note-cbie.com.br-219">[216]</a> In 2021, Brazil was the 14th country in the world in terms of installed solar power (13 GW),<a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> and the 11th largest producer of solar energy in the world (16.8 TWh).<a href="#cite_note-auto-224">[221]</a> In 2020, Brazil was the 2nd largest country in the world in the production of energy through <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> (energy production from solid biofuels and renewable waste), with 15,2 GW installed.<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Other countries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> After Brazil, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> is the country in Latin America that most stands out in energy production. In 2020, the country was the 14th largest petroleum producer in the world, and in 2018 it was the 12th largest exporter. In natural gas, the country was, in 2015, the 21st largest producer in the world, and in 2007 it was the 29th largest exporter. Mexico was also the world's 24th largest producer of coal in 2018. In renewable energies, in 2020, the country ranked 14th in the world in terms of installed wind energy (8.1 GW), 20th in the world in terms of installed solar energy (5.6 GW) and 19th in the world in terms of installed hydroelectric power (12.6 GW). In third place, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> stands out: In 2020, the country was the 20th largest petroleum producer in the world, and in 2015 it was the 19th largest exporter. In natural gas, the country was, in 2015, the 40th largest producer in the world. Colombia's biggest highlight is in coal, where the country was, in 2018, the world's 12th largest producer and the 5th largest exporter. In renewable energies, in 2020, the country ranked 45th in the world in terms of installed wind energy (0.5 GW), 76th in the world in terms of installed solar energy (0.1 GW) and 20th in the world in terms of installed hydroelectric power (12.6 GW). <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, which was one of the world's largest oil producers (about 2.5 million barrels/day in 2015) and one of the largest exporters, due to its political problems, has had its production drastically reduced in recent years: in 2016, it dropped to 2.2 million, in 2017 to 2 million, in 2018 to 1.4 million and in 2019 to 877 thousand, reaching only 300,000 barrels/day at a given point. The country also stands out in hydroelectricity, where it was the 14th country in the world in terms of installed capacity in 2020 (16,5 GW). <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> was, in 2017, the 18th largest producer in the world, and the largest producer in Latin America, of natural gas, in addition to being the 28th largest oil producer; although the country has the Vaca Muerta field, which holds close to 16 billion barrels of technically recoverable shale oil, and is the second largest shale natural gas deposit in the world, the country lacks the capacity to exploit the deposit: it is necessary capital, technology and knowledge that can only come from offshore energy companies, who view Argentina and its erratic economic policies with considerable suspicion, not wanting to invest in the country. In renewable energies, in 2020, the country ranked 27th in the world in terms of installed wind energy (2.6 GW), 42nd in the world in terms of installed solar energy (0.7 GW) and 21st in the world in terms of installed hydroelectric power (11.3 GW). The country has great future potential for the production of wind energy in the Patagonia region. <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, although currently not a major energy producer, has great future potential for solar energy production in the Atacama Desert region. <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> stands out today in hydroelectric production thanks to the Itaipu Power Plant. <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> stand out in the production of natural gas, where they were, respectively, the 20th and 31st largest in the world in 2015. <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, because it consumes little energy, is part of OPEC and was the 27th largest oil producer in the world in 2020, being the 22nd largest exporter in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-bp.com-178">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-RENEWABLE_CAPACITY_STATISTICS_2021-222">[219]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Trade_blocs">Trade blocs</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Trade blocs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_World_Domesticated_plants.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/New_World_Domesticated_plants.JPG/220px-New_World_Domesticated_plants.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 105px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/New_World_Domesticated_plants.JPG/220px-New_World_Domesticated_plants.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="105" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/New_World_Domesticated_plants.JPG/330px-New_World_Domesticated_plants.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/New_World_Domesticated_plants.JPG/440px-New_World_Domesticated_plants.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Native <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> crops <a href="/wiki/Columbian_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbian Exchange">exchanged globally</a>: maize, tomato, potato, <a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a>, rubber, cocoa, tobacco</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banco_del_Sur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Banco_del_Sur.jpg/220px-Banco_del_Sur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1442"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Banco_del_Sur.jpg/220px-Banco_del_Sur.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Banco_del_Sur.jpg/330px-Banco_del_Sur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Banco_del_Sur.jpg/440px-Banco_del_Sur.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Correa" title="Rafael Correa">Rafael Correa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9stor_Kirchner" title="Néstor Kirchner">Néstor Kirchner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Fern%C3%A1ndez" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristina Fernández">Cristina Fernández</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Duarte" title="Nicanor Duarte">Nicanor Duarte</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> at the signing of the founding charter of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">Bank of the South</a></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Latin_America" title="Special:EditPage/Latin America">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (April 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The major <a href="/wiki/Trade_bloc" title="Trade bloc">trade blocs</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Trade_agreement" title="Trade agreement">agreements</a>) in the region are the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a>. Minor blocs or trade agreements are the <a href="/wiki/G3_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="G3 Free Trade Agreement">G3 Free Trade Agreement</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_%E2%80%93_Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement">Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement</a> (DR-CAFTA), the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a> (CARICOM) and the <a href="/wiki/Andean_Community_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Community of Nations">Andean Community of Nations</a> (CAN). However, major reconfigurations are taking place along opposing approaches to integration and trade; Venezuela has officially withdrawn from both the CAN and G3 and it has been formally admitted into the Mercosur (pending ratification from the Paraguayan legislature).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] The president-elect of Ecuador has manifested his intentions of following the same path. This bloc nominally opposes any Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States, although Uruguay has manifested its intention otherwise. Chile, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and Mexico are the only four Latin American nations that have an FTA with the United States and Canada, both members of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: China" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> China's economic influence in Latin America increased substantially in the 21st century. Imports from China valued $8.3 billion in 2000, but by 2022 its value was $450 billion and had grown to be the largest trading partner of South America, as well as the second-largest for the broader Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-Council_on_Foreign_Relations-235">[232]</a> In particular, many of the investments are related to the <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> or energy. China has also provided loans to several Latin American countries; this has raised concerns about the possibility of "<a href="/wiki/Debt-trap_diplomacy#CITEREFChina_Africa_Research_Initiative2022" title="Debt-trap diplomacy">debt traps</a>."<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-Council_on_Foreign_Relations-235">[232]</a> Specifically, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, and Argentina received the most loans from China during 2005–2016.<a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Tourism in Latin America and the Caribbean">Tourism in Latin America and the Caribbean</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cancun_aerial_photo_by_safa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Cancun_aerial_photo_by_safa.jpg/220px-Cancun_aerial_photo_by_safa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Cancun_aerial_photo_by_safa.jpg/220px-Cancun_aerial_photo_by_safa.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Cancun_aerial_photo_by_safa.jpg/330px-Cancun_aerial_photo_by_safa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Cancun_aerial_photo_by_safa.jpg/440px-Cancun_aerial_photo_by_safa.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn" title="Cancún">Cancún</a>. Mexico is the most visited country in Latin America and 6th in the world.</figcaption></figure> Income from tourism is key to the economy of several Latin American countries.<a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a> Mexico is the only Latin American country to be ranked in the top 10 worldwide in the number of tourist visits. It received by far the largest number of international tourists, with 39.3 million visitors in 2017, followed by Argentina, with 6.7 million; then Brazil, with 6.6 million; Chile, with 6.5 million; Dominican Republic, with 6.2 million; Cuba with 4.3 million; Peru and Colombia with 4.0 million. The <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a> reports the following destinations as the top six tourism earners for the year 2017: Mexico, with US$21,333 million; the Dominican Republic, with US$7,178 million; Brazil, with US$6,024 million; Colombia, with US$4,773 million; Argentina, with US$4,687 million; and Panama, with US$4,258 million.<a href="#cite_note-WTO_Tourism_Highlights_2018_Edition-239">[236]</a> Places such as <a href="/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn" title="Cancún">Cancún</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riviera_Maya" title="Riviera Maya">Riviera Maya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chichen_Itza" title="Chichen Itza">Chichen Itza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabo_San_Lucas" title="Cabo San Lucas">Cabo San Lucas</a>, Mexico City, <a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Vallarta" title="Puerto Vallarta">Puerto Vallarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanajuato City">Guanajuato City</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Allende" title="San Miguel de Allende">San Miguel de Allende</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a> in Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Punta_Cana" title="Punta Cana">Punta Cana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> in Dominican Republic, <a href="/wiki/Punta_del_Este" title="Punta del Este">Punta del Este</a> in Uruguay, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ponce,_Puerto_Rico" title="Ponce, Puerto Rico">Ponce</a> in Puerto Rico, Panama City in Panama, <a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A1s_Volcano_National_Park" title="Poás Volcano National Park">Poás Volcano National Park</a> in Costa Rica, <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a> in Chile, <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florian%C3%B3polis" title="Florianópolis">Florianópolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iguazu_Falls" title="Iguazu Falls">Iguazu Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arma%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_B%C3%BAzios" title="Armação dos Búzios">Armação dos Búzios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombinhas" title="Bombinhas">Bombinhas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_dos_Reis" title="Angra dos Reis">Angra dos Reis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balne%C3%A1rio_Cambori%C3%BA" title="Balneário Camboriú">Balneário Camboriú</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraty" title="Paraty">Paraty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ipojuca" title="Ipojuca">Ipojuca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natal,_Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Natal, Rio Grande do Norte">Natal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairu" title="Cairu">Cairu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Itapema" title="Itapema">Itapema</a> in Brazil;<a href="#cite_note-240">[237]</a> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bariloche" title="Bariloche">Bariloche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salta" title="Salta">Salta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jujuy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jujuy">Jujuy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perito_Moreno_Glacier" title="Perito Moreno Glacier">Perito Moreno Glacier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valdes_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Valdes Peninsula">Valdes Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_missions_among_the_Guaran%C3%AD#Jesuit_reductions_by_country" title="Jesuit missions among the Guaraní">Guarani Jesuit Missions in the cities of Misiones and Corrientes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ischigualasto_Provincial_Park" title="Ischigualasto Provincial Park">Ischigualasto Provincial Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushuaia" title="Ushuaia">Ushuaia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a> in Argentina;<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> <a href="/wiki/Isla_Margarita" class="mw-redirect" title="Isla Margarita">Isla Margarita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angel_Falls" title="Angel Falls">Angel Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Roques_archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Roques archipelago">Los Roques archipelago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sabana" title="Gran Sabana">Gran Sabana</a> in Venezuela; <a href="/wiki/Machu_Picchu" title="Machu Picchu">Machu Picchu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazca_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazca Lines">Nazca Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuzco" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco">Cuzco</a> in Peru; <a href="/wiki/Lake_Titicaca" title="Lake Titicaca">Lake Titicaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salar_de_Uyuni" title="Salar de Uyuni">Salar de Uyuni</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_Missions_of_Chiquitos" title="Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos">Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos</a> in Bolivia; <a href="/wiki/Tayrona_National_Natural_Park" title="Tayrona National Natural Park">Tayrona National Natural Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Marta,_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Marta, Colombia">Santa Marta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cali" title="Cali">Cali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s_(island)" title="San Andrés (island)">San Andrés</a> in Colombia, and the <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a> in Ecuador. are popular among international visitors in the region. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>Performance indicators for international tourism in Latin America </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#ececec;"> <th>Country </th> <th data-sort-type="number">International tourist arrivals<a href="#cite_note-WTO_Tourism_Highlights_2017_Edition-242">[239]</a> (2017) (1000s) </th> <th data-sort-type="number">International tourism receipts<a href="#cite_note-WTO_Tourism_Highlights_2017_Edition-242">[239]</a> (2017) (Millions of US$) </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Tourism receipts (2011) (US$ per arrival) </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Tourism receipts (2011) (US$ per capita) </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Tourism receipts<a href="#cite_note-243">[240]</a> (2003) (as % of exports) </th> <th>Tourism receipts<a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a> (2003) (as % of GDP) </th> <th>Direct and indirect employment<a href="#cite_note-245">[242]</a> in tourism (2005) (%) </th> <th>Tourism competitiveness<a href="#cite_note-246">[243]</a> (2011) (TTCI) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>6,705 </td> <td>5,060 </td> <td>945 </td> <td>133 </td> <td>7.4 </td> <td>1.8 </td> <td>9.1 </td> <td>4.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td>959* </td> <td>784 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>9.4 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td>7.6 </td> <td>3.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>6,589 </td> <td>5,809 </td> <td>1,207 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>7.0 </td> <td>4.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td>6,450 </td> <td>3,634 </td> <td>596 </td> <td>107 </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td>6.8 </td> <td>4.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>4,027 </td> <td>4,773 </td> <td>873 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>6.6 </td> <td>1.4 </td> <td>5.9 </td> <td>3.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td> <td>2,910 </td> <td>3,876 </td> <td>982 </td> <td>459 </td> <td>17.5 </td> <td>8.1 </td> <td>13.3 </td> <td style="background:#cfc;">4.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>4,297 </td> <td>3,045 </td> <td>872 </td> <td>194 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>6,188 </td> <td>7,178 </td> <td>1,011 </td> <td>440 </td> <td style="background:#cfc;">36.2 </td> <td style="background:#cfc;">18.8 </td> <td style="background:#cfc;">19.8 </td> <td>3.99 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td>1,608 </td> <td>1,657 </td> <td>734 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td>7.4 </td> <td>3.79 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>1,556 </td> <td>873 </td> <td style="background:#ffdbdb;">351 </td> <td>67 </td> <td>12.9 </td> <td>3.4 </td> <td>6.8 </td> <td>3.68 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td>1,660 </td> <td>1,550 </td> <td>1,102 </td> <td>94 </td> <td>16.0 </td> <td>2.6 </td> <td>6.0 </td> <td>3.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td>908 </td> <td>686 </td> <td>753 </td> <td>92 </td> <td>13.5 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td>8.5 </td> <td>3.79 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td style="background:#cfc;">39,298 </td> <td style="background:#cfc;">21,333 </td> <td>507 </td> <td>105 </td> <td>5.7 </td> <td>1.6 </td> <td>14.2 </td> <td style="background:#cfc;">4.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td>1,787 </td> <td>841 </td> <td>356 </td> <td>65 </td> <td>15.5 </td> <td>3.7 </td> <td>5.6 </td> <td>3.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td>1,843 </td> <td>4,452 </td> <td>1,308 </td> <td>550 </td> <td>10.6 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td>12.9 </td> <td>4.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td>1,537 </td> <td>603 </td> <td>460 </td> <td>37 </td> <td>4.2 </td> <td>1.3 </td> <td>6.4 </td> <td style="background:#ffdbdb;">3.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>4,032 </td> <td>3,710 </td> <td>908 </td> <td>81 </td> <td>9.0 </td> <td>1.6 </td> <td>7.6 </td> <td>4.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td>3,674 </td> <td>2,540 </td> <td>765 </td> <td style="background:#cfc;">643 </td> <td>14.2 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td>10.7 </td> <td>4.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>789* </td> <td>575* </td> <td style="background:#cfc;">1,449 </td> <td>25 </td> <td style="background:#ffdbdb;">1.3 </td> <td style="background:#ffdbdb;">0.4 </td> <td>8.1 </td> <td>3.46 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>(*) Data for 2015 rather than 2017, as the newest data is currently unavailable.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American culture">Latin American culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Week_procession_Comayagua_Honduras_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Holy_Week_procession_Comayagua_Honduras_%281%29.jpg/220px-Holy_Week_procession_Comayagua_Honduras_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="423"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Holy_Week_procession_Comayagua_Honduras_%281%29.jpg/220px-Holy_Week_procession_Comayagua_Honduras_%281%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Holy_Week_procession_Comayagua_Honduras_%281%29.jpg/330px-Holy_Week_procession_Comayagua_Honduras_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Holy_Week_procession_Comayagua_Honduras_%281%29.jpg/440px-Holy_Week_procession_Comayagua_Honduras_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Roman Catholic Easter procession in <a href="/wiki/Comayagua" title="Comayagua">Comayagua</a>, Honduras</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicaragua_Mestizaje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nicaragua_Mestizaje.jpg/170px-Nicaragua_Mestizaje.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="308" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="1087"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 308px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nicaragua_Mestizaje.jpg/170px-Nicaragua_Mestizaje.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="308" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nicaragua_Mestizaje.jpg/255px-Nicaragua_Mestizaje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nicaragua_Mestizaje.jpg/340px-Nicaragua_Mestizaje.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Nicaraguan women wearing the <a href="/wiki/Mestizaje" class="mw-redirect" title="Mestizaje">Mestizaje</a> costume, which is a traditional costume worn to dance the Mestizaje dance. The costume demonstrates the Spanish influence upon Nicaraguan clothing.<a href="#cite_note-247">[244]</a></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Latin_America" title="Special:EditPage/Latin America">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit">converting this article</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available. (April 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Latin American culture is a mixture of many influences: <ul><li>Indigenous cultures of the people who inhabited the continent prior to European colonization. Ancient and advanced civilizations developed their own political, social and religious systems. The Maya, the Aztec and the Inca are examples of these. Indigenous legacies in music, dance, foods, arts and crafts, clothing, folk culture and traditions are strong in Latin America. Indigenous languages affected Spanish and Portuguese, giving rise to <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> like <a href="/wiki/Pampas" title="Pampas">pampa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taco" title="Taco">taco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">tamale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cacique" title="Cacique">cacique</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Europe" title="Culture of Europe">culture of Europe</a> was brought mainly by the colonial powers – the Spanish, Portuguese and French – between the 16th and 19th centuries. The most enduring European colonial influences are language, institutions, customs and Catholicism.</li> <li>Additional cultural influences came from the Europe during the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, due to growing immigration from Germany, Italy, France, Spain and Portugal; as well as artistic, ideological and technological developments of the time. Due to the impact of <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> ideals after the French revolution, a certain number of Iberian American countries decriminalized <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> after France and French territories in the Americas did so in 1791. Some of the countries that abolished sodomy laws or banned state interference in consensual adult sexuality in the 19th century were Dominican Republic (1822), Brazil (1824), Peru (1836), Mexico (1871), Paraguay (1880), Argentina (1887), Honduras (1899), Guatemala, and El Salvador. Today same-sex marriage is legal in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Uruguay, and French overseas departments. South America experienced waves of immigration of Europeans, especially Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Germans, Austrians, Poles, Ukrainians, French, Dutch, Russians, Croatians, Lithuanians, and Ashkenazi Jews. With the end of colonialism, French culture also exerted a direct influence in Latin America, especially in the realms of <a href="/wiki/High_culture" title="High culture">high culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">Independentism</a>, science and medicine.<a href="#cite_note-248">[245]</a> This can be seen in the region's artistic traditions, including painting, literature, and music, and in the realms of science and politics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Africa" title="Culture of Africa">African cultures</a>, whose presence stems from a long history of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>. People of African descent have influenced the ethno-scapes of Latin America and the Caribbean. This is manifested for instance in music, dance and religion, especially in countries like Brazil, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, and Cuba.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Asia" title="Culture of Asia">Asian cultures</a>, whose part of the presence derives from the long history of the <a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">coolies</a> who mostly arrived during the 19th and 20th centuries, most commonly Chinese workers in Peru and Venezuela, but also from Japanese and Korean immigration. especially headed to Brazil. This has greatly affected cuisine and other traditions including literature, art and lifestyles and politics. Asian influences have especially affected Brazil, Cuba, Panama and Peru.</li> <li>The influence of the United States and globalization is present throughout the region, with particular strength in northern Latin America, especially Puerto Rico, which is an American territory. Prior to 1959, Cuba, which fought for its independence with American aid in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, also had a close political and economic relationship with the United States. The United States also helped Panama become independent from Colombia and built the twenty-mile-long <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone" title="Panama Canal Zone">Panama Canal Zone</a> in Panama, which it held from 1903—the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> opened to transoceanic freight traffic in 1914—to 1999, when the <a href="/wiki/Torrijos-Carter_Treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrijos-Carter Treaties">Torrijos-Carter Treaties</a> restored Panamanian control of the Canal Zone.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Art" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Latin American art</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_artists" title="List of Latin American artists">List of Latin American artists</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RiveraMuralNationalPalace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RiveraMuralNationalPalace.jpg/220px-RiveraMuralNationalPalace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RiveraMuralNationalPalace.jpg/220px-RiveraMuralNationalPalace.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RiveraMuralNationalPalace.jpg/330px-RiveraMuralNationalPalace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RiveraMuralNationalPalace.jpg/440px-RiveraMuralNationalPalace.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a>'s mural depicting Mexico's history at the <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_(Mexico)" title="National Palace (Mexico)">National Palace in Mexico City</a></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Latin_America" title="Special:EditPage/Latin America">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Latin+America%22">"Latin America"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Latin+America%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Latin+America%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Latin+America%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Latin+America%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Latin+America%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (April 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Beyond the tradition of Indigenous art, the development of Latin American visual art owed much to the influence of Spanish, Portuguese and French <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> painting, which in turn often followed the trends of the Italians. In general, artistic <a href="/wiki/Eurocentrism" title="Eurocentrism">Eurocentrism</a> began to wane in the early twentieth century with the increased appreciation for indigenous forms of representation.<a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg/220px-Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="275"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 183px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg/220px-Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Mural by <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Martinez_Delgado" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago Martinez Delgado">Santiago Martinez Delgado</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Congress">Colombian Congress</a></figcaption></figure> From the early twentieth century, the art of Latin America was greatly inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivist Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a> The movement rapidly spread from Russia to Europe and then into Latin America. <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Torres_Garc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Joaquín Torres García">Joaquín Torres García</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rend%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Rendón">Manuel Rendón</a> have been credited with bringing the Constructivist Movement into Latin America from Europe.<a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a> An important artistic movement generated in Latin America is <a href="/wiki/Muralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Muralism">muralism</a> represented by <a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Alfaro_Siqueiros" title="David Alfaro Siqueiros">David Alfaro Siqueiros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Clemente_Orozco" title="José Clemente Orozco">José Clemente Orozco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rufino_Tamayo" title="Rufino Tamayo">Rufino Tamayo</a> in Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Martinez_Delgado" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago Martinez Delgado">Santiago Martinez Delgado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Nel_G%C3%B3mez" title="Pedro Nel Gómez">Pedro Nel Gómez</a> in Colombia and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Berni" title="Antonio Berni">Antonio Berni</a> in Argentina. Some of the most impressive Muralista works can be found in Mexico, Colombia, New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. Painter <a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Frida Kahlo</a>, one of the most famous Mexican artists, painted about her own life and the Mexican culture in a style combining <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>. Kahlo's work commands the highest selling price of all Latin American paintings.<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a> The Venezuelan <a href="/wiki/Armando_Rever%C3%B3n" title="Armando Reverón">Armando Reverón</a>, whose work begins to be recognized internationally, is one of the most important artists of the 20th century in South America; he is a precursor of <a href="/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a>. In the 60s kinetic art emerged in Venezuela. Its main representatives are <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Soto" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesús Soto">Jesús Soto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Cruz-Diez" title="Carlos Cruz-Diez">Carlos Cruz-Diez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Otero" title="Alejandro Otero">Alejandro Otero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gego" title="Gego">Gego</a>. Colombian sculptor and painter <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Botero" title="Fernando Botero">Fernando Botero</a> has gained regional and international recognition for his works which, on first examination, are noted for their exaggerated proportions and the corpulence of the human and animal figures.<a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a> The Ecuadorian <a href="/wiki/Oswaldo_Guayasam%C3%ADn" title="Oswaldo Guayasamín">Oswaldo Guayasamín</a>, considered one of the most important and seminal artists in Ecuador and South America. In his life, he made over 13,000 paintings and held more than 180 exhibitions all over the world, including Paris, Barcelona, New York, Buenos Aires, Moscow, Prague, and Rome. He brought his unique style of expressionism and cubism to the collection of Ecuador artwork during the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Anger" title="Age of Anger">Age of Anger</a> which relates to the period of the Cold War when the United States opposed communist presence in South America.<a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> Social criticism of human and social inequality was central to his artwork.<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Film" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin American cinema</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guadalajara_international_Film_Festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Guadalajara_international_Film_Festival.jpg/220px-Guadalajara_international_Film_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Guadalajara_international_Film_Festival.jpg/220px-Guadalajara_international_Film_Festival.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Guadalajara_international_Film_Festival.jpg/330px-Guadalajara_international_Film_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Guadalajara_international_Film_Festival.jpg/440px-Guadalajara_international_Film_Festival.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara_International_Film_Festival" title="Guadalajara International Film Festival">Guadalajara International Film Festival</a> is considered the most prestigious film festival in Latin America.</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Latin_America" title="Special:EditPage/Latin America">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Latin American film is both rich and diverse. Historically, the main centers of production have been Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba. Latin American film flourished after sound was introduced in cinema, which added a linguistic barrier to the export of Hollywood film south of the border.<a href="#cite_note-258">[255]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alejandro_Inarritu_Cannes_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Alejandro_Inarritu_Cannes_2017.jpg/170px-Alejandro_Inarritu_Cannes_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 202px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Alejandro_Inarritu_Cannes_2017.jpg/170px-Alejandro_Inarritu_Cannes_2017.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="202" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Alejandro_Inarritu_Cannes_2017.jpg/255px-Alejandro_Inarritu_Cannes_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Alejandro_Inarritu_Cannes_2017.jpg/340px-Alejandro_Inarritu_Cannes_2017.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro González Iñárritu</a> became the second Mexican director in a row to win both the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Academy Award for Best Director</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Directors Guild of America Award">Directors Guild of America Award</a> for Best Director. He won his second <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a> in 2016 for <a href="/wiki/The_Revenant_(2015_film)" title="The Revenant (2015 film)">The Revenant</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mexico" title="Cinema of Mexico">Mexican cinema</a> began in the silent era from 1896 to 1929 and flourished in the <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_the_cinema_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden age of the cinema of Mexico">Golden Era</a> of the 1940s. It boasted a huge industry comparable to <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> at the time, with stars such as <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_F%C3%A9lix" title="María Félix">María Félix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Dolores del Río">Dolores del Río</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Infante" title="Pedro Infante">Pedro Infante</a>. In the 1970s, Mexico was the location for many cult horror and action movies. More recently, films such as <a href="/wiki/Amores_Perros" class="mw-redirect" title="Amores Perros">Amores Perros</a> (2000) and <a href="/wiki/Y_tu_mam%C3%A1_tambi%C3%A9n" title="Y tu mamá también">Y tu mamá también</a> (2001) enjoyed box office and critical acclaim and propelled <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro González Iñárritu</a> to the front rank of Hollywood directors. Iñárritu in 2010 directed <a href="/wiki/Biutiful" title="Biutiful">Biutiful</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birdman_(film)" title="Birdman (film)">Birdman</a> (2014), Alfonso Cuarón directed <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Prisoner_of_Azkaban_(film)" title="Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)">Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban</a> in 2004 and <a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> in 2013. A close friend of both, <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a>, a top rank Hollywood director in Hollywood and Spain, directed <a href="/wiki/Pan%27s_Labyrinth" title="Pan's Labyrinth">Pan's Labyrinth</a> (2006) and produced <a href="/wiki/The_Orphanage_(2007_film)" title="The Orphanage (2007 film)">El Orfanato</a> (2007). <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Carrera" title="Carlos Carrera">Carlos Carrera</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Crime_of_Father_Amaro_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Crime of Father Amaro (film)">The Crime of Father Amaro</a>), and screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Arriaga" title="Guillermo Arriaga">Guillermo Arriaga</a> are also some of the best known modern Mexican film makers. <a href="/wiki/Rudo_y_Cursi" title="Rudo y Cursi">Rudo y Cursi</a> released in December (2008) in Mexico, was directed by <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Carlos Cuarón">Carlos Cuarón</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cristina,_elenco_y_Oscar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cristina%2C_elenco_y_Oscar.jpg/220px-Cristina%2C_elenco_y_Oscar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="386"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cristina%2C_elenco_y_Oscar.jpg/220px-Cristina%2C_elenco_y_Oscar.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cristina%2C_elenco_y_Oscar.jpg/330px-Cristina%2C_elenco_y_Oscar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cristina%2C_elenco_y_Oscar.jpg/440px-Cristina%2C_elenco_y_Oscar.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Fern%C3%A1ndez" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristina Fernández">Cristina Fernández</a> with the film director <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Campanella" title="Juan José Campanella">Juan José Campanella</a> and the cast of <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_in_Their_Eyes" title="The Secret in Their Eyes">The Secret in Their Eyes</a> (2009) with the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Argentina" title="Cinema of Argentina">Argentine cinema</a> has also been prominent since the first half of the 20th century and today averages over 60 full-length titles yearly. The industry suffered during the <a href="/wiki/Proceso_de_Reorganizaci%C3%B3n_Nacional" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceso de Reorganización Nacional">1976–1983 military dictatorship</a>; but re-emerged to produce the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> winner <a href="/wiki/The_Official_Story" title="The Official Story">The Official Story</a> in 1985. A wave of imported US films again damaged the industry in the early 1990s, though it soon recovered, thriving even during the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_economic_crisis_(1999-2002)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine economic crisis (1999-2002)">Argentine economic crisis</a> around 2001. Many Argentine movies produced during recent years have been internationally acclaimed, including <a href="/wiki/Nueve_reinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nueve reinas">Nueve reinas</a> (2000), <a href="/wiki/Son_of_the_Bride" title="Son of the Bride">Son of the Bride</a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/El_abrazo_partido" class="mw-redirect" title="El abrazo partido">El abrazo partido</a> (2004), <a href="/wiki/El_otro" class="mw-redirect" title="El otro">El otro</a> (2007), the 2010 Foreign Language <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> winner <a href="/wiki/El_secreto_de_sus_ojos" class="mw-redirect" title="El secreto de sus ojos">El secreto de sus ojos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_Tales_(film)" title="Wild Tales (film)">Wild Tales</a> (2014) and <a href="/wiki/Argentina,_1985" title="Argentina, 1985">Argentina, 1985</a> (2022). <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">In Brazil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a> movement created a particular way of making movies with critical and intellectual screenplays, clearer photography related to the light of the outdoors in a tropical landscape, and a political message. The modern Brazilian film industry has become more profitable inside the country, and some of its productions have received prizes and recognition in Europe and the United States, with movies such as <a href="/wiki/Central_do_Brasil_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central do Brasil (film)">Central do Brasil</a> (1999), <a href="/wiki/City_of_God_(2002_film)" title="City of God (2002 film)">Cidade de Deus</a> (2002) and <a href="/wiki/Tropa_de_Elite" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropa de Elite">Tropa de Elite</a> (2007). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elenco_de_Una_Mujer_Fant%C3%A1stica_Premios_F%C3%A9nix_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Elenco_de_Una_Mujer_Fant%C3%A1stica_Premios_F%C3%A9nix_2017.jpg/220px-Elenco_de_Una_Mujer_Fant%C3%A1stica_Premios_F%C3%A9nix_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Elenco_de_Una_Mujer_Fant%C3%A1stica_Premios_F%C3%A9nix_2017.jpg/220px-Elenco_de_Una_Mujer_Fant%C3%A1stica_Premios_F%C3%A9nix_2017.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Elenco_de_Una_Mujer_Fant%C3%A1stica_Premios_F%C3%A9nix_2017.jpg/330px-Elenco_de_Una_Mujer_Fant%C3%A1stica_Premios_F%C3%A9nix_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Elenco_de_Una_Mujer_Fant%C3%A1stica_Premios_F%C3%A9nix_2017.jpg/440px-Elenco_de_Una_Mujer_Fant%C3%A1stica_Premios_F%C3%A9nix_2017.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cast of <a href="/wiki/A_Fantastic_Woman" title="A Fantastic Woman">A Fantastic Woman</a> on the red carpet at the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_de_la_Ciudad" title="Teatro de la Ciudad">Teatro de la Ciudad</a> (City Theatre). It was selected as the Chilean entry for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Best Foreign Language Film</a> where it won in the <a href="/wiki/90th_Academy_Awards" title="90th Academy Awards">90th Academy Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Premios_%C3%93scar_Latinos-259">[256]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Cinema of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican cinema</a> has produced some notable films, such as <a href="/wiki/Una_Aventura_Llamada_Menudo" class="mw-redirect" title="Una Aventura Llamada Menudo">Una Aventura Llamada Menudo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Diaz_de_Doris" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Diaz de Doris">Los Diaz de Doris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casi_Casi" class="mw-redirect" title="Casi Casi">Casi Casi</a>. An influx of Hollywood films affected the local film industry in Puerto Rico during the 1980s and 1990s, but several Puerto Rican films have been produced since and it has been recovering. <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cuban cinema</a> has enjoyed much official support since the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban revolution">Cuban revolution</a> and important film-makers include <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Guti%C3%A9rrez_Alea" title="Tomás Gutiérrez Alea">Tomás Gutiérrez Alea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan television">Venezuelan television</a> has also had a great impact in Latin America, is said that whilst "Venezuelan cinema began sporadically in the 1950s[, it] only emerged as a national-cultural movement in the mid-1970s" when it gained state support and auteurs could produce work. International co-productions with Latin America and Spain continued into this era and beyond, and Venezuelan films of this time were counted among the works of New Latin American Cinema. This period is known as Venezuela's Golden Age of cinema, having massive popularity even though it was a time of much social and political upheaval. One of the most famous Venezuelan films, even to date, is the 1976 film <a href="/wiki/Soy_un_delincuente" title="Soy un delincuente">Soy un delincuente</a> by <a href="/wiki/Clemente_de_la_Cerda" title="Clemente de la Cerda">Clemente de la Cerda</a>, which won the <a href="/wiki/Special_Jury_Prize_(Locarno_International_Film_Festival)" title="Special Jury Prize (Locarno International Film Festival)">Special Jury Prize</a> at the 1977 <a href="/wiki/Locarno_International_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Locarno International Film Festival">Locarno International Film Festival</a>. Soy un delincuente was one of nine films for which the state gave substantial funding to produce, made in the year after the Venezuelan state began giving financial support to cinema in 1975. The support likely came from increased oil wealth in the early 1970s, and the subsequent 1973 credit incentive policy. At the time of its production the film was the most popular film in the country, and took a decade to be usurped from this position, even though it was only one in a string of films designed to tell <a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">social realist</a> stories of struggle in the 1950s and '60s. Equally famous is the 1977 film <a href="/wiki/El_Pez_que_Fuma" title="El Pez que Fuma">El Pez que Fuma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1n_Chalbaud" title="Román Chalbaud">Román Chalbaud</a>). In 1981 FONCINE (the Venezuelan Film Fund) was founded, and this year it provided even more funding to produce seventeen feature films. A few years later in 1983 with <a href="/wiki/Viernes_Negro" title="Viernes Negro">Viernes Negro</a>, oil prices dropped and Venezuela entered a depression which prevented such extravagant funding, but film production continued; more transnational productions occurred, many more with Spain due to Latin America's poor economic fortune in general, and there was some in new cinema, as well: <a href="/wiki/Fina_Torres" title="Fina Torres">Fina Torres</a>' 1985 <a href="/wiki/Oriana_(film)" title="Oriana (film)">Oriana</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Cam%C3%A9ra_d%27Or" title="Caméra d'Or">Caméra d'Or</a> Prize at the <a href="/wiki/1985_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1985 Cannes Film Festival">1985 Cannes Film Festival</a> as the best first feature. Film production peaked in 1984–5,:37 with 1986 considered Venezuelan cinema's most successful year by the state, thanks to over 4 million admissions to national films, according to <a href="/wiki/Venezuelanalysis" title="Venezuelanalysis">Venezuelanalysis</a>. The Venezuelan capital of Caracas hosted the Ibero-American Forum on Cinematography Integration in 1989, from which the pan-continental IBERMEDIA was formed; a union which provides regional funding. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Literature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_literature" title="Latin American literature">Latin American literature</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Latin_America" title="Special:EditPage/Latin America">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (April 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_writers" title="List of Latin American writers">List of Latin American writers</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabriela_Mistral-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gabriela_Mistral-01.jpg/175px-Gabriela_Mistral-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1705" data-file-height="2300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 175px;height: 236px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gabriela_Mistral-01.jpg/175px-Gabriela_Mistral-01.jpg" data-width="175" data-height="236" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gabriela_Mistral-01.jpg/263px-Gabriela_Mistral-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gabriela_Mistral-01.jpg/350px-Gabriela_Mistral-01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Chilean poet <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a>, first Latin American to win a <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>, in 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabogarciamarquez1.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gabogarciamarquez1.png" decoding="async" width="133" height="207" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="207"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 133px;height: 207px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gabogarciamarquez1.png" data-width="133" data-height="207" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a> Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982, primarily for his masterpiece, "One Hundred Years of Solitude" ("Cien años de soledad").</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paz0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Paz0.jpg/175px-Paz0.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="364"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 175px;height: 256px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Paz0.jpg/175px-Paz0.jpg" data-width="175" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Paz0.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a> Nobel Prize in Literature in 1990 for his influential body of work, which explored existential themes, Mexican identity, and the complexities of modernity</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miguel_Angel_Asturias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Miguel_Angel_Asturias.jpg/175px-Miguel_Angel_Asturias.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="232" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1328"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 175px;height: 232px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Miguel_Angel_Asturias.jpg/175px-Miguel_Angel_Asturias.jpg" data-width="175" data-height="232" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Miguel_Angel_Asturias.jpg/263px-Miguel_Angel_Asturias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Miguel_Angel_Asturias.jpg/350px-Miguel_Angel_Asturias.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a> received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1967 for his literary contributions, particularly for his novels that delve into the complexities of Latin American society and its indigenous cultures.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mario_Vargas_Llosa_(crop_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mario_Vargas_Llosa_%28crop_2%29.jpg/175px-Mario_Vargas_Llosa_%28crop_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="1291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 175px;height: 231px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mario_Vargas_Llosa_%28crop_2%29.jpg/175px-Mario_Vargas_Llosa_%28crop_2%29.jpg" data-width="175" data-height="231" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mario_Vargas_Llosa_%28crop_2%29.jpg/263px-Mario_Vargas_Llosa_%28crop_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mario_Vargas_Llosa_%28crop_2%29.jpg/350px-Mario_Vargas_Llosa_%28crop_2%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Peruvian <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a>, the winner of the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> and the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes_Prize" title="Miguel de Cervantes Prize">Miguel de Cervantes Prize</a>, among others</figcaption></figure> Pre-Columbian cultures were primarily oral, although the Aztecs and Maya, for instance, produced elaborate <a href="/wiki/Aztec_codices" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec codices">codices</a>. Oral accounts of mythological and religious beliefs were also sometimes recorded after the arrival of European colonizers, as was the case with the <a href="/wiki/Popol_Vuh" title="Popol Vuh">Popol Vuh</a>. Moreover, a tradition of oral narrative survives to this day, for instance among the <a href="/wiki/Quechua_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua languages">Quechua</a>-speaking population of Peru and the <a href="/wiki/K%27iche%27_people" class="mw-redirect" title="K'iche' people">Quiché (K'iche')</a> of Guatemala. From the very moment of Europe's discovery of the continents, early explorers and <a href="/wiki/Conquistadores" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquistadores">conquistadores</a> produced written accounts and crónicas of their experience – such as <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Columbus</a>'s letters or <a href="/wiki/Bernal_D%C3%ADaz_del_Castillo" title="Bernal Díaz del Castillo">Bernal Díaz del Castillo</a>'s description of the conquest of Mexico. During the colonial period, written culture was often in the hands of the church, within which context <a href="/wiki/Sor_Juana_In%C3%A9s_de_la_Cruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz">Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz</a> wrote memorable poetry and philosophical essays. Towards the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th, a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Criollo_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Criollo (people)">criollo</a> literary tradition emerged, including the first novels such as Lizardi's <a href="/wiki/El_Periquillo_Sarniento" class="mw-redirect" title="El Periquillo Sarniento">El Periquillo Sarniento</a> (1816). The 19th century was a period of "foundational fictions" in critic Doris Sommer's words, novels in the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(literature)" title="Naturalism (literature)">Naturalist</a> traditions that attempted to establish a sense of national identity, and which often focussed on the Indigenous question or the <a href="/wiki/Dichotomy" title="Dichotomy">dichotomy</a> of "civilization or barbarism" (for which see, say, <a href="/wiki/Domingo_Faustino_Sarmiento" title="Domingo Faustino Sarmiento">Domingo Sarmiento</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Facundo" title="Facundo">Facundo</a> (1845), <a href="/wiki/Juan_Le%C3%B3n_Mera" title="Juan León Mera">Juan León Mera</a>'s Cumandá (1879), or <a href="/wiki/Euclides_da_Cunha" title="Euclides da Cunha">Euclides da Cunha</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Os_Sert%C3%B5es" title="Os Sertões">Os Sertões</a> (1902)). The 19th century also witnessed the realist work of <a href="/wiki/Machado_de_Assis" title="Machado de Assis">Machado de Assis</a>, who made use of surreal devices of metaphor and playful narrative construction, much admired by critic <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a>. At the turn of the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Modernismo" title="Modernismo">modernismo</a> emerged, a poetic movement whose founding text was Nicaraguan poet <a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Dar%C3%ADo" title="Rubén Darío">Rubén Darío</a>'s Azul (1888). This was the first Latin American literary movement to influence literary culture outside of the region, and was also the first truly Latin American literature, in that national differences were no longer so much at issue. <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="José Martí">José Martí</a>, for instance, though a Cuban patriot, also lived in Mexico and the United States and wrote for journals in Argentina and elsewhere. However, what really put Latin American literature on the global map was no doubt the literary <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Boom" title="Latin American Boom">boom</a> of the 1960s and 1970s, distinguished by daring and experimental novels (such as <a href="/wiki/Julio_Cort%C3%A1zar" title="Julio Cortázar">Julio Cortázar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hopscotch_(Julio_Cort%C3%A1zar_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopscotch (Julio Cortázar novel)">Rayuela</a> (1963)) that were frequently published in Spain and quickly translated into English. The Boom's defining novel was <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a>'s <a href="/wiki/One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude" title="One Hundred Years of Solitude">Cien años de soledad</a> (1967), which led to the association of Latin American literature with <a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">magic realism</a>, though other important writers of the period such as the Peruvian <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes" title="Carlos Fuentes">Carlos Fuentes</a> do not fit so easily within this framework. Arguably, the Boom's culmination was <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Roa_Bastos" title="Augusto Roa Bastos">Augusto Roa Bastos</a>'s monumental Yo, el supremo (1974). In the wake of the Boom, influential precursors such as <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rulfo" title="Juan Rulfo">Juan Rulfo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alejo_Carpentier" title="Alejo Carpentier">Alejo Carpentier</a>, and above all <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a> were also rediscovered. Contemporary literature in the region is vibrant and varied, ranging from the best-selling <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Coelho" title="Paulo Coelho">Paulo Coelho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Allende" title="Isabel Allende">Isabel Allende</a> to the more avant-garde and critically acclaimed work of writers such as <a href="/wiki/Diamela_Eltit" title="Diamela Eltit">Diamela Eltit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giannina_Braschi" title="Giannina Braschi">Giannina Braschi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Piglia" title="Ricardo Piglia">Ricardo Piglia</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Bola%C3%B1o" title="Roberto Bolaño">Roberto Bolaño</a>. There has also been considerable attention paid to the genre of <a href="/wiki/Testimony#Literature" title="Testimony">testimonio</a>, texts produced in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Subaltern_(postcolonialism)" title="Subaltern (postcolonialism)">subaltern</a> subjects such as <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a>. Finally, a new breed of chroniclers is represented by the more journalistic <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Monsiv%C3%A1is" title="Carlos Monsiváis">Carlos Monsiváis</a> and Pedro Lemebel. The region boasts six <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize winners</a>: in addition to the two Chilean poets <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a> (1945) and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a> (1971), there is also the Guatemalan novelist <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a> (1967), the Colombian writer <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a> (1982), the Mexican poet and essayist <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a> (1990), and the Peruvian novelist <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a> (2010). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_dance">Music and dance</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Music and dance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latin_America" title="Music of Latin America">Music of Latin America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latin_dance" title="Latin dance">Latin dance</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salsa_en_Cali.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Salsa_en_Cali.jpg/170px-Salsa_en_Cali.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 256px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Salsa_en_Cali.jpg/170px-Salsa_en_Cali.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Salsa_en_Cali.jpg/255px-Salsa_en_Cali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Salsa_en_Cali.jpg/340px-Salsa_en_Cali.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salsa_(dance)" title="Salsa (dance)">Salsa</a> dancing in <a href="/wiki/Cali" title="Cali">Cali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></figcaption></figure> Latin America has produced many successful worldwide artists in terms of recorded global music sales. Among the most successful have been <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gabriel" title="Juan Gabriel">Juan Gabriel</a> (Mexico) only Latin American musician to have sold over 200 million records worldwide,<a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Estefan" title="Gloria Estefan">Gloria Estefan</a> (Cuba), <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Miguel" title="Luis Miguel">Luis Miguel</a> (Mexico) of whom have sold over 90 million records, <a href="/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a> (Colombia) and <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Vicente Fernández">Vicente Fernández</a> (Mexico) with over 50 million records sold worldwide. <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias" title="Enrique Iglesias">Enrique Iglesias</a>, although not a Latin American, has also contributed for the success of Latin music. Other notable successful mainstream acts through the years, include <a href="/wiki/RBD" title="RBD">RBD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soda_Stereo" title="Soda Stereo">Soda Stereo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thal%C3%ADa" title="Thalía">Thalía</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Martin" title="Ricky Martin">Ricky Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Man%C3%A1" title="Maná">Maná</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Anthony" title="Marc Anthony">Marc Anthony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Arjona" title="Ricardo Arjona">Ricardo Arjona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Menudo_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menudo (band)">Menudo</a>. Latin Caribbean music, such as <a href="/wiki/Merengue_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merengue (music)">merengue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">bachata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa</a>, and more recently <a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">reggaeton</a>, from such countries as the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Panama, has been strongly influenced by African rhythms and melodies.<a href="#cite_note-261">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JarabeTapatio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/JarabeTapatio.jpg/170px-JarabeTapatio.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 231px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/JarabeTapatio.jpg/170px-JarabeTapatio.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="231" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/JarabeTapatio.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Traditional Mexican dance <a href="/wiki/Jarabe_Tapat%C3%ADo" title="Jarabe Tapatío">Jarabe Tapatío</a></figcaption></figure> Another well-known Latin American musical genre includes the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gardel" title="Carlos Gardel">Carlos Gardel</a> as the greatest exponent), as well as the distinct <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">nuevo tango</a>, a fusion of tango, <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_music" title="Acoustic music">acoustic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a> popularized by <a href="/wiki/Bandone%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandoneón">bandoneón</a> virtuoso <a href="/wiki/%C3%81stor_Piazzolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ástor Piazzolla">Ástor Piazzolla</a>. <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">Samba</a>, North American <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="European classical music">European classical music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Choro" title="Choro">choro</a> combined to form <a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">bossa nova</a> in Brazil, popularized by guitarist <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">João Gilberto</a> with singer <a href="/wiki/Astrud_Gilberto" title="Astrud Gilberto">Astrud Gilberto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jazz_piano" title="Jazz piano">pianist</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Carlos_Jobim" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Carlos Jobim">Antonio Carlos Jobim</a>. Other influential Latin American sounds include the Antillean <a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">soca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">calypso</a>, Dennery segment which is a style of Soca music developed in Saint Lucia in the early 2010s which came from Kuduro music, Zouk influence and Lucian drums alongside lyrics usually sung in French <a href="/wiki/Antillean_Creole" title="Antillean Creole">Antillean Creole</a> Kwéyòl, Bouyon music is a mixture of Soca, Zouk, and traditional genres native to Dominica which is sung in French <a href="/wiki/Antillean_Creole" title="Antillean Creole">Antillean Creole</a> and is one of the most popular musical genres in Dominica, the Honduran (Garifuna) <a href="/wiki/Punta" title="Punta">punta</a>, the Colombian <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">cumbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">vallenato</a>, the Chilean <a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">cueca</a>, the Ecuadorian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boleros_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boleros music (page does not exist)">boleros</a>, the Haitian compas [ konpa] and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockoleras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rockoleras (page does not exist)">rockoleras</a>, the Mexican <a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">ranchera</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">mariachi</a> which is the epitome of Mexican soul, the Nicaraguan <a href="/wiki/Palo_de_Mayo" title="Palo de Mayo">palo de Mayo</a>, the Peruvian <a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">marinera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tondero" title="Tondero">tondero</a>, the Uruguayan <a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">candombe</a> and the various styles of music from pre-Columbian traditions that are widespread in the <a href="/wiki/Andean" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean">Andean</a> region. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carmen_Miranda_in_That_Night_in_Rio_(1941).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Carmen_Miranda_in_That_Night_in_Rio_%281941%29.jpg/170px-Carmen_Miranda_in_That_Night_in_Rio_%281941%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1770" data-file-height="2200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 211px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Carmen_Miranda_in_That_Night_in_Rio_%281941%29.jpg/170px-Carmen_Miranda_in_That_Night_in_Rio_%281941%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="211" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Carmen_Miranda_in_That_Night_in_Rio_%281941%29.jpg/255px-Carmen_Miranda_in_That_Night_in_Rio_%281941%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Carmen_Miranda_in_That_Night_in_Rio_%281941%29.jpg/340px-Carmen_Miranda_in_That_Night_in_Rio_%281941%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Brazilian singer <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Miranda" title="Carmen Miranda">Carmen Miranda</a> helped popularize <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">samba</a> internationally.</figcaption></figure> The classical composer <a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Heitor Villa-Lobos</a> (1887–1959) worked on the recording of Native musical traditions within his homeland of Brazil. The traditions of his homeland heavily influenced his classical works.<a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a> Also notable is the recent work of the Cuban <a href="/wiki/Leo_Brouwer" title="Leo Brouwer">Leo Brouwer</a>, Uruguayan-American <a href="/wiki/Miguel_del_%C3%81guila" title="Miguel del Águila">Miguel del Águila</a>, guitar works of the Venezuelan <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lauro" title="Antonio Lauro">Antonio Lauro</a> and the Paraguayan <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Barrios" title="Agustín Barrios">Agustín Barrios</a>. Latin America has also produced world-class classical performers such as the Chilean pianist <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Arrau" title="Claudio Arrau">Claudio Arrau</a>, Brazilian pianist <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Freire" title="Nelson Freire">Nelson Freire</a> and the Argentine pianist and conductor <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a>. Brazilian opera soprano <a href="/wiki/Bidu_Say%C3%A3o" title="Bidu Sayão">Bidu Sayão</a>, one of Brazil's most famous musicians, was a leading artist of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City from 1937 to 1952. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-Show-Buenos-Aires-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tango-Show-Buenos-Aires-01.jpg/170px-Tango-Show-Buenos-Aires-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tango-Show-Buenos-Aires-01.jpg/170px-Tango-Show-Buenos-Aires-01.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tango-Show-Buenos-Aires-01.jpg/255px-Tango-Show-Buenos-Aires-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tango-Show-Buenos-Aires-01.jpg/340px-Tango-Show-Buenos-Aires-01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A couple dances <a href="/wiki/Tango_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tango (dance)">tango</a>.</figcaption></figure> Arguably, the main contribution to music entered through folklore, where the true soul of the Latin American and Caribbean countries is expressed. Musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Yma_S%C3%BAmac" class="mw-redirect" title="Yma Súmac">Yma Súmac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chabuca_Granda" title="Chabuca Granda">Chabuca Granda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atahualpa_Yupanqui" title="Atahualpa Yupanqui">Atahualpa Yupanqui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Violeta_Parra" title="Violeta Parra">Violeta Parra</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Jara" title="Víctor Jara">Víctor Jara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Cafrune" title="Jorge Cafrune">Jorge Cafrune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facundo_Cabral" title="Facundo Cabral">Facundo Cabral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Sosa" title="Mercedes Sosa">Mercedes Sosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Negrete" title="Jorge Negrete">Jorge Negrete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luiz_Gonzaga" title="Luiz Gonzaga">Luiz Gonzaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caetano_Veloso" title="Caetano Veloso">Caetano Veloso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susana_Baca" title="Susana Baca">Susana Baca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chavela_Vargas" title="Chavela Vargas">Chavela Vargas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Diaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Diaz">Simon Diaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julio_Jaramillo" title="Julio Jaramillo">Julio Jaramillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toto_la_Momposina" class="mw-redirect" title="Toto la Momposina">Toto la Momposina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Gil" title="Gilberto Gil">Gilberto Gil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Beth%C3%A2nia" title="Maria Bethânia">Maria Bethânia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nana_Caymmi" title="Nana Caymmi">Nana Caymmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nara_Le%C3%A3o" title="Nara Leão">Nara Leão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gal_Costa" title="Gal Costa">Gal Costa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ney_Matogrosso" title="Ney Matogrosso">Ney Matogrosso</a> as well as musical ensembles such as <a href="/wiki/Inti_Illimani" class="mw-redirect" title="Inti Illimani">Inti Illimani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Kjarkas" title="Los Kjarkas">Los Kjarkas</a> are magnificent examples of the heights that this soul can reach. <a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a>, including many forms of rock, is popular in Latin America today (see <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_rock_and_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish language rock and roll">Spanish language rock and roll</a>).<a href="#cite_note-264">[261]</a> A few examples are <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Tacuba" title="Café Tacuba">Café Tacuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soda_Stereo" title="Soda Stereo">Soda Stereo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Man%C3%A1" title="Maná">Maná</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Fabulosos_Cadillacs" title="Los Fabulosos Cadillacs">Los Fabulosos Cadillacs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Lee" title="Rita Lee">Rita Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutantes">Mutantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secos_e_Molhados" class="mw-redirect" title="Secos e Molhados">Secos e Molhados</a> <a href="/wiki/Legi%C3%A3o_Urbana" title="Legião Urbana">Legião Urbana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A3s" title="Titãs">Titãs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paralamas_do_Sucesso" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralamas do Sucesso">Paralamas do Sucesso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cazuza" title="Cazuza">Cazuza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%A3o_Vermelho" title="Barão Vermelho">Barão Vermelho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skank_(band)" title="Skank (band)">Skank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miranda!" title="Miranda!">Miranda!</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSS_(band)" title="CSS (band)">Cansei de Ser Sexy or CSS</a>, and Bajo Fondo. More recently, reggaeton, which blends Jamaican reggae and dancehall with Latin America genres such as <a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">bomba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">plena</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>, is becoming more popular, in spite of the controversy surrounding its lyrics, dance steps (<a href="/wiki/Perreo" class="mw-redirect" title="Perreo">Perreo</a>) and music videos. It has become very popular among populations with a "migrant culture" influence – both Latino populations in the United States, such as southern Florida and New York City, and parts of Latin America where migration to the United States is common, such as Trinidad and Tobago, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-265">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Heritage_Sites">World Heritage Sites</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: World Heritage Sites" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The following is a list of the ten countries with the most <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-list-266">[263]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Natural sites</th> <th>Cultural sites</th> <th>Mixed sites</th> <th>Total sites </th></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>28</td> <td>1</td> <td>35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td>7</td> <td>14</td> <td>0</td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>9</td> <td>2</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>3 </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="map" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_America" title="Portal:Latin America">Latin America portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americas_(terminology)" title="Americas (terminology)">Americas (terminology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo-America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Latin_American_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly">Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_America" title="French America">French America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero-America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a> (Amerindians)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_League_of_Nations" title="Latin America and the League of Nations">Latin America and the League of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Latin America–United States relations">Latin America–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_integration" title="Latin American integration">Latin American integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_studies" title="Latin American studies">Latin American studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Studies_Association" title="Latin American Studies Association">Latin American Studies Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_Americans" title="List of Latin Americans">List of Latin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Conference" title="Pan-American Conference">Pan-American Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Americanism" title="Pan-Americanism">Pan-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Latin_America" title="Freemasonry in Latin America">Freemasonry in Latin America</a></li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-d-4"><a href="#cite_ref-d_4-0">^</a> Includes the population estimates for South American and Central American countries excluding Belize, Guyana, the United States, and Spanish, French and French Creole-speaking Caribbean countries and territories, as listed under "<a href="#Subregions_and_countries">Subregions and countries</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-c-5"><a href="#cite_ref-c_5-0">^</a> Not including English- or Dutch-speaking countries, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>; see <a href="#Contemporary_definitions">Contemporary definitions</a> section </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-worldbank-ruralenv-1"><a href="#cite_ref-worldbank-ruralenv_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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.id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/3.1">"World 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Retrieved September 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Development+Indicators%2C+The+World+Bank&rft.atitle=World+Development+Indicators%3A+Rural+environment+and+land+use&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwdi.worldbank.org%2Ftable%2F3.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division. 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Journal of Latin American Studies. 42 (3): 457–485. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022216X1000088X">10.1017/S0022216X1000088X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-767X">1469-767X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Latin+American+Studies&rft.atitle=Brazil+and+%27Latin+America%27&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=457-485&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022216X1000088X&rft.issn=1469-767X&rft.aulast=Bethell&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fjournal-of-latin-american-studies%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fbrazil-and-latin-america%2FAB33AE4B8B4496AA063B3F623020DF50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGistory2015" class="citation web cs1">Gistory (September 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@Gistory/is-brazil-part-of-latin-america-it-s-not-an-easy-question-e5b3cb7c9d89">"Is Brazil Part of Latin America? It's Not an Easy Question"</a>. Medium. 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Idea de un Congreso Federal de las Repúblicas"</a> (in Spanish). París. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917111216/http://www.filosofia.org/aut/002/fbb1285.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017 – via Proyecto Filosofía en español.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iniciativa+de+la+Am%C3%A9rica.+Idea+de+un+Congreso+Federal+de+las+Rep%C3%BAblicas&rft.place=Par%C3%ADs&rft.date=1856-06-22&rft.aulast=Bilbao&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filosofia.org%2Faut%2F002%2Ffbb1285.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britton-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Britton_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritton2013" class="citation book cs1">Britton, John A. 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UNM Press. pp. 16–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826353986" title="Special:BookSources/9780826353986"><bdi>9780826353986</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cables%2C+Crises%2C+and+the+Press%3A+The+Geopolitics+of+the+New+Information+System+in+the+Americas%2C+1866%E2%80%931903&rft.pages=16-18&rft.pub=UNM+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780826353986&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMdQWAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mignolo-12"><a href="#cite_ref-mignolo_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMignolo2005" class="citation book cs1">Mignolo, Walter (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vPacXtsWhewC">The Idea of Latin America</a>. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 77–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-0086-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-0086-1"><bdi>978-1-4051-0086-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Idea+of+Latin+America&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=77-80&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-0086-1&rft.aulast=Mignolo&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvPacXtsWhewC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArdao1980" class="citation book cs1">Ardao, Arturo (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autoresdeluruguay.uy/biblioteca/Arturo_Ardao/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=ardao_-_genesis_de_la_idea_y_el_nombre_de_america_latina_gallegos_1980_.pdf">Genesis de la idea y el nombre de América Latina</a> (PDF). Caracas, Venezuela: Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos Rómulo Gallegos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085645/http://www.autoresdeluruguay.uy/biblioteca/Arturo_Ardao/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=ardao_-_genesis_de_la_idea_y_el_nombre_de_america_latina_gallegos_1980_.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis+de+la+idea+y+el+nombre+de+Am%C3%A9rica+Latina&rft.place=Caracas%2C+Venezuela&rft.pub=Centro+de+Estudios+Latinoamericanos+R%C3%B3mulo+Gallegos&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Ardao&rft.aufirst=Arturo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autoresdeluruguay.uy%2Fbiblioteca%2FArturo_Ardao%2Flib%2Fexe%2Ffetch.php%3Fmedia%3Dardao_-_genesis_de_la_idea_y_el_nombre_de_america_latina_gallegos_1980_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojas_Mix1986" class="citation journal cs1">Rojas Mix, Miguel (1986). "Bilbao y el hallazgo de América latina: Unión continental, socialista y libertaria…". Caravelle. Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brésilien. 46 (1): 35–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fcarav.1986.2261">10.3406/carav.1986.2261</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-0152">0008-0152</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Caravelle.+Cahiers+du+monde+hispanique+et+luso-br%C3%A9silien&rft.atitle=Bilbao+y+el+hallazgo+de+Am%C3%A9rica+latina%3A+Uni%C3%B3n+continental%2C+socialista+y+libertaria%E2%80%A6&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=35-47&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fcarav.1986.2261&rft.issn=0008-0152&rft.aulast=Rojas+Mix&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGobat2013" class="citation journal cs1">Gobat, Michel (December 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fahr%2F118.5.1345">"The Invention of Latin America: A Transnational History of Anti-Imperialism, Democracy, and Race"</a>. The American Historical Review. 118 (5): 1345–1375. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fahr%2F118.5.1345">10.1093/ahr/118.5.1345</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8762">0002-8762</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163918139">163918139</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Invention+of+Latin+America%3A+A+Transnational+History+of+Anti-Imperialism%2C+Democracy%2C+and+Race&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1345-1375&rft.date=2013-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163918139%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0002-8762&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fahr%2F118.5.1345&rft.aulast=Gobat&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fahr%252F118.5.1345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward2018" class="citation book cs1">Edward, Shawcross (February 6, 2018). France, Mexico and informal empire in Latin America, 1820–1867 : equilibrium in the New World. Cham, Switzerland. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319704647" title="Special:BookSources/9783319704647"><bdi>9783319704647</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1022266228">1022266228</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France%2C+Mexico+and+informal+empire+in+Latin+America%2C+1820%E2%80%931867+%3A+equilibrium+in+the+New+World&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=120&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1022266228&rft.isbn=9783319704647&rft.aulast=Edward&rft.aufirst=Shawcross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Gutierrez-2016-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Gutierrez-2016_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutierrez2016" class="citation book cs1">Gutierrez, Ramon A. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GutierrezPp.1953Notes">"What's in a Name?"</a>. In Gutierrez, Ramon A.; Almaguer, Tomas (eds.). The New Latino Studies Reader: A Twenty-First-Century Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-28484-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-28484-5"><bdi>978-0-520-28484-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1043876740">1043876740</a>. <q>The word latinoamericano emerged in the years following the wars of independence in Spain's former colonies [...] By the late 1850s, californios were writing in newspapers about their membership in América latina (Latin America) and latinoamerica, calling themselves Latinos as the shortened name for their hemispheric membership in la raza latina (the Latin race). Reprinting an 1858 opinion piece by a correspondent in Havana on race relations in the Americas, El Clamor Publico of Los Angeles surmised that 'two rival races are competing with each other ... the Anglo Saxon and the Latin one [la raza latina].' </q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What%27s+in+a+Name%3F&rft.btitle=The+New+Latino+Studies+Reader%3A+A+Twenty-First-Century+Perspective&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1043876740&rft.isbn=978-0-520-28484-5&rft.aulast=Gutierrez&rft.aufirst=Ramon+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGutierrezPp.1953Notes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327183033/http://www.clarin.com/diario/2005/05/16/opinion/o-01901.htm">"América latina o Sudamérica?, por Luiz Alberto Moniz Bandeira, Clarín, 16 de mayo de 2005"</a>. Clarin.com. May 16, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarin.com/diario/2005/05/16/opinion/o-01901.htm">the original</a> on March 27, 2010. Retrieved April 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Am%C3%A9rica+latina+o+Sudam%C3%A9rica%3F%2C+por+Luiz+Alberto+Moniz+Bandeira%2C+Clar%C3%ADn%2C+16+de+mayo+de+2005&rft.pub=Clarin.com&rft.date=2005-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarin.com%2Fdiario%2F2005%2F05%2F16%2Fopinion%2Fo-01901.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosé_María_Torres_Caicedo1856" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">José María Torres Caicedo (September 26, 1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filosofia.org/hem/185/18570215.htm">"Las dos Américas"</a> (in Spanish). Venice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170722121227/http://www.filosofia.org/hem/185/18570215.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2013 – via Proyecto Filosofía en español.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Las+dos+Am%C3%A9ricas&rft.place=Venice&rft.date=1856-09-26&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+Torres+Caicedo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filosofia.org%2Fhem%2F185%2F18570215.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilbao" class="citation web cs1">Bilbao, Francisco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franciscobilbao.cl/1909/article-81905.html">"Emancipación del espíritu de América"</a>. Francisco Bilbao Barquín, 1823–1865, Chile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916074142/http://www.franciscobilbao.cl/1909/article-81905.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Francisco+Bilbao+Barqu%C3%ADn%2C+1823%E2%80%931865%2C+Chile&rft.atitle=Emancipaci%C3%B3n+del+esp%C3%ADritu+de+Am%C3%A9rica&rft.aulast=Bilbao&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.franciscobilbao.cl%2F1909%2Farticle-81905.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRAE2005" class="citation book cs1">RAE (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buscon.rae.es/dpdI/SrvltConsulta?lema=iberoam%C3%A9rica">Diccionario Panhispánico de Dudas</a>. Madrid: Santillana Educación. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8429406239" title="Special:BookSources/8429406239"><bdi>8429406239</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100404154750/http://buscon.rae.es/dpdI/SrvltConsulta?lema=iberoam%C3%A9rica">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2010. Retrieved October 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionario+Panhisp%C3%A1nico+de+Dudas&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Santillana+Educaci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=8429406239&rft.au=RAE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuscon.rae.es%2FdpdI%2FSrvltConsulta%3Flema%3Diberoam%25C3%25A9rica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRangel1977" class="citation book cs1">Rangel, Carlos (1977). The Latin Americans: Their Love-Hate Relationship with the United States. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. pp. 3–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-148795-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-148795-0"><bdi>978-0-15-148795-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Latin+Americans%3A+Their+Love-Hate+Relationship+with+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3-5&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-15-148795-0&rft.aulast=Rangel&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkidmorePeter_H._Smith2005" class="citation book cs1">Skidmore, Thomas E.; Peter H. Smith (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernlatinameri0006skid/page/1">Modern Latin America</a> (6th ed.). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernlatinameri0006skid/page/1">1–10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517013-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517013-9"><bdi>978-0-19-517013-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Latin+America&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=1-10&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517013-9&rft.aulast=Skidmore&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rft.au=Peter+H.+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernlatinameri0006skid%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Torres-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Torres_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Torres_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres2013" class="citation book cs1">Torres, George (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MX5BXxjwV9cC&pg=PR17">Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313087943" title="Special:BookSources/9780313087943"><bdi>9780313087943</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Latin+American+Popular+Music&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780313087943&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMX5BXxjwV9cC%26pg%3DPR17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButland1960" class="citation book cs1">Butland, Gilbert J. (1960). Latin America: A Regional Geography. New York: John Wiley and Sons. pp. 115–188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-12658-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-12658-5"><bdi>978-0-470-12658-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+America%3A+A+Regional+Geography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=115-188&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0-470-12658-5&rft.aulast=Butland&rft.aufirst=Gilbert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDozer1962" class="citation book cs1">Dozer, Donald Marquand (1962). Latin America: An Interpretive History. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 1–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87918-049-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87918-049-8"><bdi>0-87918-049-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+America%3A+An+Interpretive+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1-15&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=0-87918-049-8&rft.aulast=Dozer&rft.aufirst=Donald+Marquand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzulc1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tad_Szulc" title="Tad Szulc">Szulc, Tad</a> (1965). Latin America. New York Times Company. pp. 13–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-689-10266-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-689-10266-6"><bdi>0-689-10266-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+America&rft.pages=13-17&rft.pub=New+York+Times+Company&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-689-10266-6&rft.aulast=Szulc&rft.aufirst=Tad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlien1973" class="citation book cs1">Olien, Michael D. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/latinamericansco0000olie/page/1">Latin Americans: Contemporary Peoples and Their Cultural Traditions</a>. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/latinamericansco0000olie/page/1">1–5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-086251-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-086251-9"><bdi>978-0-03-086251-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+Americans%3A+Contemporary+Peoples+and+Their+Cultural+Traditions&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1-5&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-03-086251-9&rft.aulast=Olien&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flatinamericansco0000olie%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack1984" class="citation book cs1">Black, Jan Knippers, ed. (1984). Latin America: Its Problems and Its Promise: A Multidisciplinary Introduction. Boulder: Westview Press. pp. 362–378. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86531-213-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86531-213-5"><bdi>978-0-86531-213-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+America%3A+Its+Problems+and+Its+Promise%3A+A+Multidisciplinary+Introduction&rft.place=Boulder&rft.pages=362-378&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-86531-213-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1986" class="citation book cs1">Burns, E. 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New York: Prentice-Hall. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/latinamericaconc00burn/page/224">224–227</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-524356-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-524356-5"><bdi>978-0-13-524356-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+America%3A+A+Concise+Interpretive+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=224-227&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-13-524356-5&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=E.+Bradford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flatinamericaconc00burn%2Fpage%2F224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkidmorePeter_H._Smith2005" class="citation book cs1">Skidmore, Thomas E.; Peter H. 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Accessed on line May 23, 2009. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regnf.htm">French</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101224062835/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regnf.htm">Archived</a> December 24, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/0,,menuPK:258559~pagePK:158889~piPK:146815~theSitePK:258554,00.html">Latin America and the Caribbean</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501014724/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/0,,menuPK:258559~pagePK:158889~piPK:146815~theSitePK:258554,00.html">Archived</a> May 1, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Bank">The World Bank</a>. 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Retrieved June 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Conservative+Lacalle+Pou+wins+Uruguay+presidential+election%2C+ending+15+years+of+leftist+rule&rft.date=2019-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20191129-conservative-lacalle-pou-wins-uruguay-presidential-election-ending-15-years-of-leftist-rule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFP2011-38"><a href="#cite_ref-AFP2011_38-0">^</a> Jordi Zamora. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130124212149/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ggNqQ5G8UFErmAEw71Y-u51P8_Eg?docId=CNG.e829052752a5436e909ab280ad561af6.671">"China's double-edged trade with Latin America"</a>. September 3, 2011. 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Retrieved June 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Corruption+Scandals+With+Brazilian+Roots+Cascade+Across+Latin+America&rft.date=2017-02-13&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Zarate%2C+Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F02%2F13%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fperu-colombia-venezuela-brazil-odebrecht-scandal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreoniLondoñoDarlington2018" class="citation news cs1">Andreoni, Manuela; Londoño, Ernesto; Darlington, Shasta (April 7, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/07/world/americas/brazil-lula-surrenders-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva-.html">"Ex-President 'Lula' of Brazil Surrenders to Serve 12-Year Jail Term"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180407223333/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/07/world/americas/brazil-lula-surrenders-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva-.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2018. 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July 14, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324032925/https://www.latimes.com/world/mexico-americas/la-fg-peru-humala-20170714-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved July 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Another+former+Peruvian+president+is+sent+to+jail%2C+this+time+as+part+of+growing+corruption+scandal&rft.date=2017-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmexico-americas%2Fla-fg-peru-humala-20170714-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiffen2020" class="citation journal cs1">Weiffen, Brigitte (December 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/democratic-theory/7/2/dt070208.xml">"Latin America and COVID-19: Political Rights and Presidential Leadership to the Test"</a>. Democratic Theory. 7 (2): 61–68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fdt.2020.070208">10.3167/dt.2020.070208</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2332-8894">2332-8894</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121043824/https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/democratic-theory/7/2/dt070208.xml">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democratic+Theory&rft.atitle=Latin+America+and+COVID-19%3A+Political+Rights+and+Presidential+Leadership+to+the+Test&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=61-68&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3167%2Fdt.2020.070208&rft.issn=2332-8894&rft.aulast=Weiffen&rft.aufirst=Brigitte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberghahnjournals.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Fdemocratic-theory%2F7%2F2%2Fdt070208.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002325/232555e.pdf">Rethinking Education: Towards a global common good?</a> (PDF). UNESCO. 2015. pp. 24, Box 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100088-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100088-1"><bdi>978-92-3-100088-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113020635/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002325/232555e.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+Education%3A+Towards+a+global+common+good%3F&rft.pages=24%2C+Box+1&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-92-3-100088-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0023%2F002325%2F232555e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/publications/world-social-situation-2013.html">Report on World Social Situation 2013: Inequality Matters</a>. United Nations. 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-1-130322-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-1-130322-3"><bdi>978-92-1-130322-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525113848/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/publications/world-social-situation-2013.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+on+World+Social+Situation+2013%3A+Inequality+Matters.&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-92-1-130322-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fpublications%2Fworld-social-situation-2013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201202652/http://www.cepal.org/cgi-bin/getProd.asp?xml=/publicaciones/xml/7/42797/P42797.xml&xsl=/dds/tpl/p9f.xsl&base=/ddpe/tpl-i/top-bottom.xslt">Protección social inclusiva en América Latina. Una mirada integral, un enfoque de derechos</a> [Inclusive social protection in Latin America. An integral look, a focus on rights]. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC). March 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789210545556" title="Special:BookSources/9789210545556"><bdi>9789210545556</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cepal.org/cgi-bin/getProd.asp?xml=/publicaciones/xml/7/42797/P42797.xml&xsl=/dds/tpl/p9f.xsl&base=/ddpe/tpl-i/top-bottom.xslt">the original</a> on February 1, 2014. Retrieved August 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Protecci%C3%B3n+social+inclusiva+en+Am%C3%A9rica+Latina.+Una+mirada+integral%2C+un+enfoque+de+derechos&rft.pub=United+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean+%28UNECLAC%29&rft.date=2011-03&rft.isbn=9789210545556&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cepal.org%2Fcgi-bin%2FgetProd.asp%3Fxml%3D%2Fpublicaciones%2Fxml%2F7%2F42797%2FP42797.xml%26xsl%3D%2Fdds%2Ftpl%2Fp9f.xsl%26base%3D%2Fddpe%2Ftpl-i%2Ftop-bottom.xslt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNutini,_HugoIsaac2009" class="citation book cs1">Nutini, Hugo; Isaac, Barry (2009). Social Stratification in central Mexico 1500–2000. University of Texas Press. p. 55. <q>There are basically four operational categories that may be termed ethnic or even racial in Mexico today: (1) güero or blanco (white), denoting European and Near East extraction; (2) criollo (creole), meaning light mestizo in this context but actually of varying complexion; (3) mestizo, an imprecise category that includes many phenotypic variations; and (4) indio, also an imprecise category. These are nominal categories, and neither güero/blanco nor criollo is a widely used term (see Nutini 1997: 230). Nevertheless, there is a popular consensus in Mexico today that these four categories represent major sectors of the nation and that they can be arranged into a rough hierarchy: whites and creoles at the top, a vast population of mestizos in the middle, and Indians (perceived as both a racial and an ethnic component) at the bottom.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Stratification+in+central+Mexico+1500%E2%80%932000&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Nutini%2C+Hugo&rft.au=Isaac%2C+Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeed1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Seed" title="Patricia Seed">Seed, Patricia</a> (1988). To Love, Honor, and Obey in Colonial Mexico: conflicts over Marriage Choice, 1574–1821. Stanford: Stanford University. pp. 21–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2159-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2159-9"><bdi>0-8047-2159-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Love%2C+Honor%2C+and+Obey+in+Colonial+Mexico%3A+conflicts+over+Marriage+Choice%2C+1574%E2%80%931821&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pages=21-23&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8047-2159-9&rft.aulast=Seed&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Francisco H. Ferreira et al. Inequality in Latin America: Breaking with History?, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesBaker" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Nicola; Baker, Hayley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090719000422/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=1011&title=untangling-links-trade-poverty-gender">"Untangling links between trade, poverty and gender"</a>. ODI Briefing Papers 38, March 2008. Overseas Development Institute (ODI). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=1011&title=untangling-links-trade-poverty-gender">the original</a> on July 19, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ODI+Briefing+Papers+38%2C+March+2008&rft.atitle=Untangling+links+between+trade%2C+poverty+and+gender&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft.au=Baker%2C+Hayley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odi.org.uk%2Fresources%2Fdetails.asp%3Fid%3D1011%26title%3Duntangling-links-trade-poverty-gender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatenMumme2010" class="citation journal cs1">Baten, Jörg; Mumme, Christina (2010). "Globalization and educational inequality during the 18th to 20th centuries: Latin America in global comparison". Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History. 28 (2): 279–305. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS021261091000008X">10.1017/S021261091000008X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10016%2F21558">10016/21558</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51961447">51961447</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Iberian+and+Latin+American+Economic+History&rft.atitle=Globalization+and+educational+inequality+during+the+18th+to+20th+centuries%3A+Latin+America+in+global+comparison&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=279-305&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10016%2F21558&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A51961447%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS021261091000008X&rft.aulast=Baten&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6rg&rft.au=Mumme%2C+Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaten,_Jörg2016" class="citation book cs1">Baten, Jörg (2016). 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Retrieved June 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latin+America+production+in+2020%2C+by+FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffaostat%2Fen%2F%23data%2FQCL%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/">"South American countries production in 2018, by FAO"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161112130804/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2016. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agronewsbrazil.com.br/brasil-e-o-3o-maior-produtor-de-leite-do-mundo-superando-o-padrao-europeu-em-alguns-municipios/">the original</a> on September 17, 2020. 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July 23, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816082805/https://www.farmnews.com.br/mercado/principais-paises-produtores-de-carne-suina/">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=principais+pa%C3%ADses+produtores+de+carne+su%C3%ADna+entre+2017+e+a+estimativa+para+2019&rft.date=2019-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.farmnews.com.br%2Fmercado%2Fprincipais-paises-produtores-de-carne-suina%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QL/">"Argentina production in 2018, by FAO"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161112130804/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QL/">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2016. Retrieved December 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Argentina+production+in+2018%2C+by+FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffaostat%2Fen%2F%23data%2FQL%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QL/">"Producción de carne y leche, por FAO"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016050347/http://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QL/">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Producci%C3%B3n+de+carne+y+leche%2C+por+FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffaostat%2Fes%2F%23data%2FQL%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/">"mcs2021 /mcs2021-gold.pdf USGS Gold Production Statistics"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615031507/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=mcs2021+%2Fmcs2021-gold.pdf+USGS+Gold+Production+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fperiodicals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf">"Production statistics of USGS Silver"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515082301/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 15, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Production+statistics+of+USGS+Silver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fperiodicals%2Fmcs2021%2Fmcs2021-silver.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf">"Copper production statistics for the USGS"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. 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Retrieved June 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zinc+production+statistics+from+USGS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fperiodicals%2Fmcs2021%2Fmcs2021-zinc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_132-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_132-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_132-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-molybdenum.pdf">"USGS Molybdenum Production Statistics"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-molybdenum.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. 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Band.com.br. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502153003/https://noticias.band.uol.com.br/noticias/100000911432/rio-grande-do-sul-o-maior-exportador-de-pedras-preciosas-do-brasil.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2018. 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Retrieved May 3, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ingresos+directos+por+turismo+internacional&rft.atitle=El+turismo+en+Am%C3%A9rica+Latina+y+el+Caribe+y+la+experiencia+del+BID&rft.aulast=Alt%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=Carmen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fidbdocs.iadb.org%2Fwsdocs%2Fgetdocument.aspx%3Fdocnum%3D984876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTO_Tourism_Highlights_2018_Edition-239"><a href="#cite_ref-WTO_Tourism_Highlights_2018_Edition_239-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419876">UNWTO Tourism Highlights 2018 Edition</a>. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). 2018. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18111%2F9789284419876">10.18111/9789284419876</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789284419876" title="Special:BookSources/9789284419876"><bdi>9789284419876</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240334031">240334031</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190926073837/https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419876">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UNWTO+Tourism+Highlights+2018+Edition&rft.pub=World+Tourism+Organization+%28UNWTO%29&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A240334031%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18111%2F9789284419876&rft.isbn=9789284419876&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-unwto.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.18111%2F9789284419876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.br/turismo/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/acoes-e-programas/observatorio/anuario-estatistico/anuario-estatistico-de-turismo-2021-ano-base-2020/anuario-estatistico-de-turismo-2021-ano-base-2020_divulgacao-compactado.pdf">"ANUÁRIO ESTATÍSTICO DE TURISMO 2021 BRASIL"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001141952/https://www.gov.br/turismo/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/acoes-e-programas/observatorio/anuario-estatistico/anuario-estatistico-de-turismo-2021-ano-base-2020/anuario-estatistico-de-turismo-2021-ano-base-2020_divulgacao-compactado.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANU%C3%81RIO+ESTAT%C3%8DSTICO+DE+TURISMO+2021+BRASIL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.br%2Fturismo%2Fpt-br%2Facesso-a-informacao%2Facoes-e-programas%2Fobservatorio%2Fanuario-estatistico%2Fanuario-estatistico-de-turismo-2021-ano-base-2020%2Fanuario-estatistico-de-turismo-2021-ano-base-2020_divulgacao-compactado.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDestape2021" class="citation web cs1">Destape, El (December 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldestapeweb.com/turismo/turismo/los-10-destinos-mas-visitados-de-argentina-segun-los-portales-de-turismo-2021121014100">"Los 10 destinos más visitados de Argentina según los portales de turismo"</a>. www.eldestapeweb.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001141952/https://www.eldestapeweb.com/turismo/turismo/los-10-destinos-mas-visitados-de-argentina-segun-los-portales-de-turismo-2021121014100">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eldestapeweb.com&rft.atitle=Los+10+destinos+m%C3%A1s+visitados+de+Argentina+seg%C3%BAn+los+portales+de+turismo&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft.aulast=Destape&rft.aufirst=El&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldestapeweb.com%2Fturismo%2Fturismo%2Flos-10-destinos-mas-visitados-de-argentina-segun-los-portales-de-turismo-2021121014100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTO_Tourism_Highlights_2017_Edition-242">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WTO_Tourism_Highlights_2017_Edition_242-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WTO_Tourism_Highlights_2017_Edition_242-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029">UNWTO Tourism Highlights 2017 Edition</a>. 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Retrieved September 7, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UNWTO+Tourism+Highlights+2017+Edition&rft.pub=World+Tourism+Organization+%28UNWTO%29&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18111%2F9789284419029&rft.isbn=9789284419029&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-unwto.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.18111%2F9789284419029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltés" class="citation web cs1">Altés, Carmen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=984876">"El turismo en América Latina y el Caribe y la experiencia del BID"</a> [Tourism in Latin America and the Caribbean and the experience of the IDB]. Figura 1: Ingresos por turismo internacional (% de exportaciones). Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118124254/http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=984876">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2012. 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Figura 2: Ingresos por turismo internacional (% del PIB). Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118124254/http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=984876">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2012. 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Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118124254/http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=984876">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2012. 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Elsiglodetorreon.com.mx. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525114048/https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/725150.fernando-botero-el-gran-artista-de-latinoamerica.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fernando+Botero%2C+el+gran+artista+de+Latinoam%C3%A9rica&rft.pub=Elsiglodetorreon.com.mx&rft.date=2012-04-01&rft.au=Notimex+%2F+El+Siglo+De+Torre%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx%2Fnoticia%2F725150.fernando-botero-el-gran-artista-de-latinoamerica.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061921/http://www.revistaenie.clarin.com/arte/pintura/Fernando-Botero-MNBA_0_934106624.html">"Fernando Botero, el aprendiz eterno"</a>. Revistaenie.clarin.com. October 6, 2013. 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The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140716035202/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/08/international/americas/08botero.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Great+Crime%27+at+Abu+Ghraib+Enrages+and+Inspires+an+Artist&rft.date=2005-05-08&rft.aulast=Forero&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F05%2F08%2Finternational%2Famericas%2F08botero.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecuador.com/blog/oswaldo-guayasamin/">"Oswaldo Guayasamin"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122223334/https://www.ecuador.com/blog/oswaldo-guayasamin/">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved January 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oswaldo+Guayasamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecuador.com%2Fblog%2Foswaldo-guayasamin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.passporttheworld.com/life-art-famous-ecuadorian-painter-oswaldo-guayasamin/">"The life and art of famous Ecuadorian painter Oswaldo Guayasamín"</a>. February 10, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122223330/https://www.passporttheworld.com/life-art-famous-ecuadorian-painter-oswaldo-guayasamin/">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved January 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+life+and+art+of+famous+Ecuadorian+painter+Oswaldo+Guayasam%C3%ADn&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.passporttheworld.com%2Flife-art-famous-ecuadorian-painter-oswaldo-guayasamin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> Paul A. Schroeder Rodriguez. Latin American Cinema: A Comparative History (University of California Press; 2016) studies 50 films since the silent era. </li> <li id="cite_note-Premios_Óscar_Latinos-259"><a href="#cite_ref-Premios_%C3%93scar_Latinos_259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacherbas2017" class="citation web cs1">Bacherbas (September 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://premiososcarlatinos.wordpress.com/2017/09/12/los-latinos-al-oscar-2018-chile/">"Los latinos al Óscar 2018: Chile"</a>. Premios Óscar Latinos. 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Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530071725/https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-juan-gabriel-20160828-snap-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2019. Retrieved August 28, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Juan+Gabriel%2C+superstar+Mexican+singer%2C+dies+at+66&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-juan-gabriel-20160828-snap-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashburne" class="citation web cs1">Washburne, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetsalsa.com/university_of_salsa/clave/clave_roots.htm">"Clave: The African Roots of Salsa"</a>. University of Salsa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060507215444/http://www.planetsalsa.com/university_of_salsa/clave/clave_roots.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2006. Retrieved May 23, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clave%3A+The+African+Roots+of+Salsa&rft.pub=University+of+Salsa&rft.aulast=Washburne&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetsalsa.com%2Funiversity_of_salsa%2Fclave%2Fclave_roots.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060506015313/http://www.caravanmusic.com/GuideLatinMusic.htm">"Guide to Latin Music"</a>. Caravan Music. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caravanmusic.com/GuideLatinMusic.htm">the original</a> on May 6, 2006. Retrieved May 23, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Latin+Music&rft.pub=Caravan+Music&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caravanmusic.com%2FGuideLatinMusic.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060811081605/http://www.cesil.com/0998/enbass09.htm">"Heitor Villa-Lobos"</a>. Leadership Medica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cesil.com/0998/enbass09.htm">the original</a> on August 11, 2006. Retrieved May 23, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heitor+Villa-Lobos&rft.pub=Leadership+Medica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cesil.com%2F0998%2Fenbass09.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050830190254/http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1999/sep/09-28-99/arts/arts6.html">"Latin music returns to America with wave of new pop starlets"</a>. The Michigan Daily. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1999/sep/09-28-99/arts/arts6.html">the original</a> on August 30, 2005. Retrieved May 23, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Michigan+Daily&rft.atitle=Latin+music+returns+to+America+with+wave+of+new+pop+starlets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pub.umich.edu%2Fdaily%2F1999%2Fsep%2F09-28-99%2Farts%2Farts6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.today.com/popculture/daddy-yankee-leads-reggaeton-charge-wbna9410287">"Daddy Yankee leads the reggaeton charge"</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525114307/http://www.today.com/popculture/daddy-yankee-leads-reggaeton-charge-wbna9410287">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Daddy+Yankee+leads+the+reggaeton+charge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fpopculture%2Fdaddy-yankee-leads-reggaeton-charge-wbna9410287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+America" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-list-266"><a href="#cite_ref-list_266-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list">World Heritage List</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210314170923/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list">Archived</a> March 14, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, UNESCO World Heritage Sites official sites. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Latin_America" class="extiw" title="commons:Latin America">Latin America</a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Latin_America" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Latin America">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 34px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="34" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Latin_America" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Latin America">Latin America</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Latin_America#Q12585" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Latin America">Latin America</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iadb.org/en/topics/education/education-initiative-in-latin-america,6887.html">IDB Education Initiative</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171113141600/http://www.iadb.org/en/topics/education/education-initiative-in-latin-america,6887.html">Archived</a> November 13, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lacli.info/">Latin American, Caribbean, Latinx, and Iberian Free Online Resources (LACLI)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.lanic.utexas.edu/">Latin American Network Information Center</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071224222810/http://lanic.utexas.edu/">Archived</a> December 24, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ladb.unm.edu/">Latin America Data Base</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719054102/http://ladb.unm.edu/">Archived</a> July 19, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wola.org/">Washington Office on Latin America</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116125035/https://www.wola.org/">Archived</a> January 16, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coha.org/">Council on Hemispheric Affairs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091121074246/http://www.coha.org/">Archived</a> November 21, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://codigosdebarras.net/">Codigos De Barra</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185735/http://www.codigosdebarras.net/">Archived</a> September 7, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20080908155853/http%3A//www.infolatam.com/">Infolatam. Information and analysis of Latin America</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Web Archives (archived September 8, 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/farmingsystems/FarmingMaps/LAC/09/LC/index.html">Map of Land Cover: Latin America and Caribbean (FAO)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081001095642/http://www.fao.org/farmingsystems/FarmingMaps/LAC/09/LC/index.html">Archived</a> October 1, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/doc/20090323/dangl">Lessons From Latin America</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090310163750/http://www.thenation.com/doc/20090323/dangl">Archived</a> March 10, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Benjamin Dangl, The Nation, March 4, 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100624120221/http://knightcenter.utexas.edu/blog/?q=en%2Fnode%2F4318">Keeping Latin America on the World News Agenda – Interview with Michael Reid of The Economist</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived June 24, 2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121214185340/http://www.csupomona.edu/~jmvadi/454/The%20Cold%20War.html">Cold War in Latin America, CSU Pomona University</a> at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> (archived December 14, 2012)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/macmillan/lais/cold-war-resources.html">Latin America Cold War Resources, Yale University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117164825/http://www.yale.edu/macmillan/lais/cold-war-resources.html">Archived</a> January 17, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~jidoming/images/jid_uslatin.PDF">Latin America Cold War, Harvard University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309153730/http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~jidoming/images/jid_uslatin.PDF">Archived</a> March 9, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://larc.ucalgary.ca/">Latin American Research Centre, University of Calgary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130128230157/http://larc.ucalgary.ca/">Archived</a> January 28, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&oldid=1259004606">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&oldid=1259004606</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_America&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 22 November 2024, at 21:27 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyns-Amerika" title="Latyns-Amerika – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Latyns-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8B%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9C%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB" title="ላቲን አሜሪካ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ላቲን አሜሪካ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="लैटिन अमरीका – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लैटिन अमरीका" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أمريكا اللاتينية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمريكا اللاتينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Latina" title="America Latina – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="America Latina" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A1%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%A9%DC%90_%DC%A0%DC%90%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܐܡܪܝܩܐ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܡܪܝܩܐ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_latina" title="Amèrica latina – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Amèrica latina" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Llatina" title="América Llatina – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="América Llatina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rika_Lat%C3%ADna" title="Amérika Latína – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Amérika Latína" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%B1n_Amerikas%C4%B1" title="Latın Amerikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Latın Amerikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لاتین آمریکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لاتین آمریکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_Amerika" title="Latino Amerika – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Latino Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="লাতিন আমেরিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাতিন আমেরিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_B%C3%AD-chiu" title="Latin Bí-chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Latin Bí-chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Латин Америкаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Латин Америкаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лацінская Амерыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лацінская Амерыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лацінская Амэрыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лацінская Амэрыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латинска Америка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Латинска Америка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateinamerika" title="Lateinamerika – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Lateinamerika" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinska_Amerika" title="Latinska Amerika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Latinska Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Latin" title="Amerika Latin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amerika Latin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_Llatina" title="Amèrica Llatina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amèrica Llatina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латинла Америка – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Латинла Америка" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikang_Latino" title="Amerikang Latino – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Amerikang Latino" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinsk%C3%A1_Amerika" title="Latinská Amerika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Latinská Amerika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Ladin" title="America Ladin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="America Ladin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinamerika" title="Latinamerika – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Latinamerika" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateinamerika" title="Lateinamerika – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lateinamerika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="ल्याटिन अमेरिका – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="ल्याटिन अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladina-Ameerika" title="Ladina-Ameerika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ladina-Ameerika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Λατινική Αμερική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λατινική Αμερική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina" title="América Latina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="América Latina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinameriko" title="Latinameriko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Latinameriko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina" title="América Latina – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="América Latina" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinoamerika" title="Latinoamerika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Latinoamerika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آمریکای لاتین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمریکای لاتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Latin America" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADnamerika" title="Latínamerika – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Latínamerika" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rique_latine" title="Amérique latine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amérique latine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latynsk-Amearika" title="Latynsk-Amearika – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Latynsk-Amearika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meirice%C3%A1_Laidineach" title="Meiriceá Laidineach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meiriceá Laidineach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Ladjynagh" title="America Ladjynagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="America Ladjynagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimearaga-Laideannach" title="Aimearaga-Laideannach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aimearaga-Laideannach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina" title="América Latina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="América Latina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="拉丁美洲" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="라틴아메리카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라틴아메리카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Լատինական Ամերիկա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լատինական Ամերիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="लातिनी अमरीका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लातिनी अमरीका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinska_Amerika" title="Latinska Amerika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Latinska Amerika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-Amerika" title="Latin-Amerika – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Latin-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_nga_Amerika" title="Latin nga Amerika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Latin nga Amerika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Latin" title="Amerika Latin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amerika Latin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_latin" title="America latin – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="America latin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Латинаг Америкæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Латинаг Америкæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilatin_America" title="Ilatin America – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ilatin America" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3manska_Amer%C3%ADka" title="Rómanska Ameríka – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rómanska Ameríka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Latina" title="America Latina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="America Latina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אמריקה הלטינית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמריקה הלטינית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rika_Latin" title="Amérika Latin – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Amérika Latin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95" title="ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಅಮೇರಿಕ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಅಮೇರಿಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ლათინური ამერიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლათინური ამერიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Латын Америкасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Латын Америкасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Latin" title="Amerika Latin – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Amerika Latin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_ya_Kilatini" title="Amerika ya Kilatini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Amerika ya Kilatini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanm%C3%A9rik_laten" title="Lanmérik laten – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanmérik laten" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amer%C3%AEkaya_Lat%C3%AEn%C3%AE" title="Amerîkaya Latînî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Amerîkaya Latînî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Латын Америкасы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Латын Америкасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Latina" title="Amerika Latina – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Amerika Latina" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ອາເມລິກາລາຕິນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາເມລິກາລາຕິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Latina" title="America Latina – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="America Latina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86amerika" title="Latīņamerika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Latīņamerika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%A4inamerika" title="Latäinamerika – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Latäinamerika" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotyn%C5%B3_Amerika" title="Lotynų Amerika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lotynų Amerika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latiens_Amerika" title="Latiens Amerika – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Latiens Amerika" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_latina" title="America latina – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="America latina" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/la%27ortu%27a" title="la'ortu'a – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="la'ortu'a" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-Amerika" title="Latin-Amerika – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Latin-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="ल्याटिन अमेरिका – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ल्याटिन अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латинска Америка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Латинска Америка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Latina" title="Amerika Latina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Amerika Latina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="ലാറ്റിൻ അമേരിക്ക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലാറ്റിൻ അമേരിക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="लॅटिन अमेरिका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लॅटिन अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ლათინური ამერიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლათინური ამერიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="امريكا اللاتينيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امريكا اللاتينيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لاتین آمریکا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لاتین آمریکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Latin" title="Amerika Latin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amerika Latin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina" title="América Latina – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="América Latina" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латин Америк – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Латин Америк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80" title="လက်တင်အမေရိက – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လက်တင်အမေရိက" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latijns-Amerika" title="Latijns-Amerika – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Latijns-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="ल्याटिन अमेरिका – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ल्याटिन अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="लातिन अमेरिका – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लातिन अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB" title="ラテンアメリカ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラテンアメリカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латинан Америка – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Латинан Америка" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leten_Merika" title="Leten Merika – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Leten Merika" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-Amerika" title="Latin-Amerika – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Latin-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-Amerika" title="Latin-Amerika – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Latin-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Latina" title="America Latina – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="America Latina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotin_amerikasi" title="Lotin amerikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lotin amerikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لاطینی امریکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لاطینی امریکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لاتينه امريکا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لاتينه امريکا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latn_Amoerka" title="Latn Amoerka – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Latn Amoerka" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Latin-a" title="América Latin-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="América Latin-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameryka_%C5%81aci%C5%84ska" title="Ameryka Łacińska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ameryka Łacińska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CE%BD_%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Λατινικήν Αμέρικα – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λατινικήν Αμέρικα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina" title="América Latina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="América Latina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%B1n_Amerika" title="Latın Amerika – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Latın Amerika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Latin%C4%83" title="America Latină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="America Latină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латинска Америка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Латинска Америка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латинская Америка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Латинская Америка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_Latina" title="Amèrica Latina – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Amèrica Latina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laitin_Americae" title="Laitin Americae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Laitin Americae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latienamerikoa" title="Latienamerikoa – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Latienamerikoa" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Latine" title="Amerika Latine – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Amerika Latine" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_latina" title="Amèrica latina – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Amèrica latina" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Latin America" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinsk%C3%A1_Amerika" title="Latinská Amerika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Latinská Amerika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinska_Amerika" title="Latinska Amerika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Latinska Amerika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81aci%C5%84sk%C5%8F_Ameryka" title="Łacińskŏ Ameryka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Łacińskŏ Ameryka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ئەمریکای لاتینی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەمریکای لاتینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латинска Америка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Латинска Америка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinska_Amerika" title="Latinska Amerika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Latinska Amerika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinalainen_Amerikka" title="Latinalainen Amerikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latinalainen Amerikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinamerika" title="Latinamerika – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Latinamerika" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikang_Latino" title="Amerikang Latino – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Amerikang Latino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="இலத்தீன் அமெரிக்கா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலத்தீன் அமெரிக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamrikt_talatint" title="Tamrikt talatint – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamrikt talatint" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Латин Америкасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Латин Америкасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="ลาตินอเมริกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลาตินอเมริกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Амрикои Лотинӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Амрикои Лотинӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Amerika" title="Latin Amerika – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Latin Amerika" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyn_Amerikasy" title="Latyn Amerikasy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Latyn Amerikasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латинська Америка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Латинська Америка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لاطینی امریکا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لاطینی امریکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_latina" title="Amèrica latina – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Amèrica latina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_Latinh" title="Mỹ Latinh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mỹ Latinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladina-Ameeriga" title="Ladina-Ameeriga – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ladina-Ameeriga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Latina" title="Amerika Latina – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Amerika Latina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉丁美洲" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A2" title="לאטיין-אמעריקע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאטיין-אמעריקע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%E1%BA%B9%CC%81r%C3%ADk%C3%A0_L%C3%A1t%C3%ACn%C3%AC" title="Amẹ́ríkà Látìnì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Amẹ́ríkà Látìnì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉丁美洲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Latine" title="Amerika Latine – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Amerika Latine" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luot%C4%ABnu_Amer%C4%97ka" title="Luotīnu Amerėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Luotīnu Amerėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉丁美洲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyn%C9%99_Amerik%C9%99" title="Latynə Amerikə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Latynə Amerikə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 21:27 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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