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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Odesa" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Odesa" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Odesa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 140 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-140" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">140 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%8B%B4%E1%88%A3" title="ኦዴሣ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦዴሣ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessos" title="Odessos – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Odessos" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="أوديسا – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوديسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Օտեսա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Օտեսա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Od%C3%A8ssa" title="Odèssa – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Odèssa" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86)" title="اودسا (اوکراین) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اودسا (اوکراین)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE" title="ওডেসা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওডেসা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Адэса – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адэса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Адэса – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Адэса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одеса – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Одеса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Odessa (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Odessa (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Od%C4%9Bsa" title="Oděsa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oděsa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%83%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Οδησσός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οδησσός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Одесса ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Одесса ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odeso" title="Odeso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Odeso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="اودسا – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اودسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Odessa (stêd) – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Odessa (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%82%AC" title="오데사 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오데사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Օդեսա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օդեսա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="ओडेसा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओडेसा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Sorbian Atas" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Atas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%C3%A6" title="Одессæ – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Одессæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%94" title="אודסה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אודסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8" title="ಒಡೆಸ್ಸ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಒಡೆಸ್ಸ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90" title="ოდესა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოდესა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udessa" title="Udessa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Udessa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessza" title="Odessza – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Odessza" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одеса – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Одеса" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8" title="ഒഡെസ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒഡെസ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="ओदेसा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओदेसा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90" title="ოდესა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოდესა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="اوديسا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوديسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одэса – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Одэса" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အိုဒက်ဆာမြို့ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုဒက်ဆာမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa_(stad)" title="Odessa (stad) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Odessa (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Saxon Rendah" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Saxon Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%87%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5" title="オデッサ – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オデッサ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="اودیسا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اودیسا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Od%C3%ABssa" title="Odëssa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Odëssa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%83%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Οδησσός – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Οδησσός" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ades" title="Ades – Turki Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ades" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Turki Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одеса – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Одеса" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="اوديسا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اوديسا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uodesa" title="Uodesa – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Uodesa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ئۆدێسا – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆدێسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одеса – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Одеса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE" title="ஒடெசா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒடெசா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="ออแดซา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออแดซา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одеса – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Одеса" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одесса – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Одесса" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Одеса – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Одеса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%81" title="اودیسہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اودیسہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa_(Ucraina)" title="Odessa (Ucraina) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Odessa (Ucraina)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odess" title="Odess – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Odess" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Od%C3%A4ssa" title="Odässa – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Odässa" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%90%A8" title="敖德萨 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="敖德萨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A1" title="אדעס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אדעס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E8%BF%AA%E6%B2%99" title="奧迪沙 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧迪沙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Odessa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%96%A9" title="敖德薩 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="敖德薩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Odesa" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1874#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Odesa&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" 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accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odesa&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odesa&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Odesa&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Odesa" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Odesa" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" 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.ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Odesa (Одеса)<br /></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Odessa_Potemkin_Stairs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tangga Potemkin"><img alt="Tangga Potemkin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Odessa_Potemkin_Stairs.jpg/250px-Odessa_Potemkin_Stairs.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Odessa_Potemkin_Stairs.jpg/375px-Odessa_Potemkin_Stairs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Odessa_Potemkin_Stairs.jpg/500px-Odessa_Potemkin_Stairs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="964" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_Potemkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangga Potemkin (laman tidak wujud)">Tangga Potemkin</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><div style="display:table; width:100%; background:none;"> <div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_Odesa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Odesa (Одеса)"><img alt="Bendera Odesa (Одеса)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Odesa.svg/100px-Flag_of_Odesa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Odesa.svg/150px-Flag_of_Odesa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Odesa.svg/200px-Flag_of_Odesa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Bendera</div></div></div></div><div style="display:table; width:100%; background:none;"><div style="display:table-row"></div><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Coat_of_Arms_of_Odesa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jata Odesa (Одеса)"><img alt="Jata Odesa (Одеса)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Coat_of_Arms_of_Odesa.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Odesa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Coat_of_Arms_of_Odesa.svg/135px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Odesa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Coat_of_Arms_of_Odesa.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Odesa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="910" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Jata</div></div><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Odesa_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo rasmi Odesa (Одеса)"><img alt="Logo rasmi Odesa (Одеса)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Odesa_logo.svg/78px-Odesa_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Odesa_logo.svg/117px-Odesa_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Odesa_logo.svg/155px-Odesa_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">[[Odesa|]]</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">Oblast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Country_data_Oblast_Odesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Country data Oblast Odesa (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Country data Oblast Odesa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Raion" title="Raion">Perbandaran bandar</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Odesa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Odesa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Odesa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Odesa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Odesa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Odesa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="1560" /></span></span></span> Odesa</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pelabuhan ditubuhkan</th><td class="infobox-data">2 September 1794</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Pentadbiran<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Datuk bandar</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gennady_Trukhanvov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gennady Trukhanvov (laman tidak wujud)">Gennady Trukhanvov</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Keluasan<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Bandar Raya</th><td class="infobox-data">236.9 km<sup>2</sup> (91.5 batu persegi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Aras<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">40 m (130 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Aras tertinggi<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">65 m (213 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Aras Terendah<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">−4.2 m (−13.8 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Penduduk<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(1 Julai 2011)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Bandar Raya</th><td class="infobox-data">1,003,705</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Kepadatan</th><td class="infobox-data">6,141/km<sup>2</sup> (15,910/batu persegi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_metropolitan" title="Kawasan metropolitan">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,191,000<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Demonim" title="Demonim">Demonim</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ukraine" title="Bahasa Ukraine">Bahasa Ukraine</a>: <span lang="uk">Одесит одеситка</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zon_waktu" title="Zon waktu">Zon waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (EET)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Musim panas (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_musim_panas" title="Waktu musim panas">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (EEST)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Poskod</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">65000–65480</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kod kawasan</th><td class="infobox-data">+380 48</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Laman sesawang</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odessa.ua/?lang=en">www.odessa.ua</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup>1</sup> Penduduk kawasan metropolitan adalah dari 2001.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Odesa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ukraine" title="Bahasa Ukraine">Bahasa Ukraine</a>: Одеса) adalah bandar ketiga terbesar di <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> dengan jumlah penduduk 1.003.705 orang. Bandar ini merupakan <a href="/wiki/Pelabuhan" title="Pelabuhan">pelabuhan</a> dan hub pengangkutan utama di pantai barat laut <a href="/wiki/Laut_Hitam" title="Laut Hitam">Laut Hitam</a>. Odesa merupakan pusat pentadbiran Wilayah Odesa dan pusat pelbagai etnik budaya. </p><p>Pada zaman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatar (laman tidak wujud)">Tatar</a> ia ditubuhkan oleh Haci saya Giray, Khan / Raja dari <a href="/wiki/Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> pada 1440.Mulanya dinamakan sebagai "Hacıbey". Selepas dikawal oleh <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> ia dikuasai oleh Sultan Uthmaniyah (1529) hingga 1792 setelah <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Uthmaniyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Empayar Uthmaniyyah">Empayar Uthmaniyyah</a> tewas dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Rusia-Turki_1792&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Rusia-Turki 1792 (laman tidak wujud)">Perang Rusia-Turki 1792</a>. </p><p>Pada tahun 1794, bandar Odesa menerima dekri Maharani Catherine the Great. Dari 1819-1858, Odessa adalah pelabuhan bebas. Pada zaman Soviet Union, ia merupakan pelabuhan yang paling penting dalam <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Kesatuan Soviet">Kesatuan Soviet</a> dan pangkalan tentera laut. Pada 1 Januari 2000, Pier Kuarantin mengisytiharkannya sebagai pelabuhan bebas dan zon ekonomi bebas untuk tempoh 25 tahun. </p><p>Pada abad ke-19, ia bandar keempat terbesar Imperial Rusia, selepas <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>. Seni bina tinggalan ala <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> dengan gaya <a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis">Perancis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Itali" title="Itali">Itali</a>. Beberapa bangunan dibina menonjolkan gaya Art Nouveau, Renaissance dan klasik. </p><p>Odesa adalah pelabuhan air suam. Bandar Odesa menjadi tuan rumah dua pelabuhan penting: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelabuhan_Odesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelabuhan Odesa (laman tidak wujud)">Pelabuhan Odesa</a> sendiri dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Yuzhne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port Yuzhne (laman tidak wujud)">Port Yuzhne</a> (terminal minyak antarabangsa). Satu lagi pelabuhan penting, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Illichivsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illichivsk (laman tidak wujud)">Illichivsk</a> di wilayah yang sama, di selatan barat di Odesa. Hubb pengangkutan ialah <a href="/wiki/Kereta_api" title="Kereta api">kereta api</a>. Kemudahan minyak dan pemprosesan kimia Odesa disambungkan kepada Rusia dan EU melalui <a href="/wiki/Saluran_paip" title="Saluran paip">saluran paip</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg/200px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg/300px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg/400px-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Remains of ancient Greek settlement (under glass roof) on Primorsky Boulevard in Odesa</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Odessa_vlasenko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Odessa_vlasenko.jpg/170px-Odessa_vlasenko.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Odessa_vlasenko.jpg/255px-Odessa_vlasenko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Odessa_vlasenko.jpg/340px-Odessa_vlasenko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Martos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Martos (laman tidak wujud)">Ivan Martos</a>'s statue of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armand-Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_Duc_de_Richelieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (laman tidak wujud)">Duc de Richelieu</a> in Odesa</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/170px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/255px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/340px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="723" /></a><figcaption>In the mid-19th century Odesa became resort-town famed for its popularity among the Russian upper classes. This popularity prompted a new age of investment in the building of hotels and leisure projects.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odesa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odesa&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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Krimea">Krimea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Oblast_Dnipropetrovsk" title="Oblast Dnipropetrovsk">Dnipropetrovsk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Donetsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Donetsk (laman tidak wujud)">Donetsk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Ivano-Frankivsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Ivano-Frankivsk (laman tidak wujud)">Ivano-Frankivsk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Kharkiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Kharkiv (laman tidak wujud)">Kharkiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Oblast_Kherson" title="Oblast Kherson">Kherson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Khmelnytskyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Khmelnytskyi (laman tidak wujud)">Khmelnytskyi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Oblast_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblast Kiev">Kiev</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Kirovohrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Kirovohrad (laman tidak wujud)">Kirovohrad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Luhansk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Luhansk (laman tidak wujud)">Luhansk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Oblast_Lviv" title="Oblast Lviv">Lviv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Mykolaiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Mykolaiv (laman tidak wujud)">Mykolaiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Odessa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Odessa (laman tidak wujud)">Odessa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Poltava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Poltava (laman tidak wujud)">Poltava</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Oblast_Rivne" title="Oblast Rivne">Rivne</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Sumy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Sumy (laman tidak wujud)">Sumy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Ternopil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Ternopil (laman tidak wujud)">Ternopil</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Vinnytsia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Vinnytsia (laman tidak wujud)">Vinnytsia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Oblast_Volyn" title="Oblast Volyn">Volyn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Zakarpattia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Zakarpattia (laman tidak wujud)">Zakarpattia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Zaporizhia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Zaporizhia (laman tidak wujud)">Zaporizhia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblast_Zhytomyr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblast Zhytomyr (laman tidak wujud)">Zhytomyr</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_bandar_di_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai bandar di Ukraine (laman tidak wujud)">Kota-kota utama</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cherkasy" title="Cherkasy">Cherkasy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Dnipropetrovsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnipropetrovsk">Dnipropetrovsk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi,_Ukraine" title="Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine">Khmelnytskyi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kirovohrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirovohrad">Kirovohrad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lutsk" title="Lutsk">Lutsk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Odessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Odessa">Odessa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Rivne" title="Rivne">Rivne</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sumy" title="Sumy">Sumy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ternopil" 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