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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geographic distribution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geographic distribution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>By country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Niger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Written_Kanuri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Written_Kanuri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Written Kanuri</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Written_Kanuri-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Written Kanuri subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Written_Kanuri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oral_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oral_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Oral literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oral_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_text_in_Kanuri_(Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_text_in_Kanuri_(Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sample text in Kanuri (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_text_in_Kanuri_(Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kanuri language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri" title="Kanuri – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kanuri" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कनुरी भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कनुरी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الكانورية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الكانورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_kanuri" title="Idioma kanuri – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma kanuri" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri_dili" title="Kanuri dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kanuri dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کانوری دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کانوری دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="কানুরি ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কানুরি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanoureg" title="Kanoureg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kanoureg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri" title="Kanuri – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kanuri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanurij%C5%A1tina" title="Kanurijština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kanurijština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri_(Sprache)" title="Kanuri (Sprache) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kanuri (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri_keel" title="Kanuri keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kanuri keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Γλώσσα Κανούρι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Κανούρι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_kanuri" title="Idioma kanuri – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma kanuri" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanura_lingvo" title="Kanura lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kanura lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri_hizkuntza" title="Kanuri hizkuntza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kanuri hizkuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان کانوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان کانوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri_bhasa" title="Kanuri bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kanuri bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanouri_(langue)" title="Kanouri (langue) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kanouri (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_kanuri" title="Lingua kanuri – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua kanuri" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%88%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4" title="카누리어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카누리어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri" title="Kanuri – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kanuri" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कनूरी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कनूरी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri_language" title="Kanuri language – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Kanuri language" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kanuri" title="Bahasa Kanuri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Kanuri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan%C3%BAr%C3%AD" title="Kanúrí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kanúrí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_kanuri" title="Lingua kanuri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua kanuri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikanuri" title="Kikanuri – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kikanuri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Канури (кыв) – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Канури (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Канури тили – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Канури тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_Kanuri" title="Lengua Kanuri – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua Kanuri" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Канурски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Канурски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_kanory" title="Fiteny kanory – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny kanory" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="കനൂറി ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കനൂറി ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكانوريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكانوريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کنوری – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کنوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri_(taal)" title="Kanuri (taal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kanuri (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8C%E3%83%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="カヌリ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カヌリ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri" title="Kanuri – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kanuri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਨੂਰੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਨੂਰੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کانوری زبان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کانوری زبان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_kanuri" title="Język kanuri – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język kanuri" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_can%C3%BAri" title="Língua canúri – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua canúri" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Канури (язык) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Канури (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanurin_kieli" title="Kanurin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kanurin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Kanuri (språk) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kanuri (språk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="கனுரி மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனுரி மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanurice" title="Kanurice – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kanurice" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81%CC%B1niet_A%CC%B1tyin_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Á̱niet A̱tyin (a̱lyem) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Á̱niet A̱tyin (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D1%96_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Канурі (мова) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Канурі (мова)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کانوری زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کانوری زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri_(kel%27)" title="Kanuri (kel') – 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Saharan dialect continuum of Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: gold;">Kanuri</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: gold;"><span title="Kanuri-language text"><i lang="kr">Kànùrí</i></span><br /><span title="Kanuri-language text"><span lang="kr-Arab" dir="rtl">كَنُرِيِه</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Chad" title="Lake Chad">Lake Chad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kanembu_people" title="Kanembu people">Kanembu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(9.6 million cited 1993–2021)<sup id="cite_ref-e27_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a>? <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Saharan_languages" title="Saharan languages">Saharan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_languages" title="Saharan languages">Western</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Kanuri</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ajami_script" title="Ajami script">Ajami</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: gold;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=kr">kr</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=227">kau</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kau" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:kau">kau</a></code> – inclusive code<br />Individual codes:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/knc" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:knc">knc</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Central_Kanuri" title="Central Kanuri">Central Kanuri</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kby" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:kby">kby</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Manga_Kanuri" title="Manga Kanuri">Manga Kanuri</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/krt" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:krt">krt</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Tumari_Kanuri" title="Tumari Kanuri">Tumari Kanuri</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bms" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bms">bms</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Bilma_Kanuri" title="Bilma Kanuri">Bilma Kanuri</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kbl" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:kbl">kbl</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Kanembu_language" title="Kanembu language">Kanembu</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/txj" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:txj">txj</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Tarjumo_language" title="Tarjumo language">Old Kanembu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kanu1279">kanu1279</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">02-AAA-a (+Kanembu 02-AAA-b)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kanuri_languages_map_001.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Kanuri_languages_map_001.png/320px-Kanuri_languages_map_001.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Kanuri_languages_map_001.png 1.5x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="349" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Map of the majority usage of the five major languages of the Kanuri language group. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b9fd00; color:black;"> </span> KRT Kanuri, Tumari</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5f9302; color:black;"> </span> BMS Kanuri, Bilma</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0dd703; color:black;"> </span> KBY Kanuri, Manga</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#067701; color:white;"> </span> KNC Kanuri, Central</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0aba01; color:black;"> </span> KBL Kanembu</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Kanuri</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Saharan_languages" title="Saharan languages">Saharan</a> <a href="/wiki/Dialect_continuum" title="Dialect continuum">dialect continuum</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nilo%E2%80%93Saharan_language_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilo–Saharan language family">Nilo–Saharan language family</a> spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanembu_people" title="Kanembu people">Kanembu peoples</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, as well as by a diaspora community residing in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the turn of the 21st century, its two main dialects, Manga Kanuri and Yerwa Kanuri (also called Beriberi, which its speakers consider to be pejorative), were spoken by 9,700,000 people in <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It belongs to the Western <a href="/wiki/Saharan_languages" title="Saharan languages">Saharan</a> subphylum of <a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a>. Kanuri is the language associated with the <a href="/wiki/Kanem_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanem Empire">Kanem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bornu_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bornu Empire">Bornu</a> empires that dominated the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chad" title="Lake Chad">Lake Chad</a> region for a thousand years. </p><p>The basic word order of Kanuri sentences is <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">subject–object–verb</a>. It is typologically unusual in simultaneously having <a href="/wiki/Postposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Postposition">postpositions</a> and post-nominal modifiers – for example, 'Bintu's pot' would be expressed as <span title="Kanuri-language text"><i lang="kr">nje Bintu-be</i></span>, 'pot Bintu-of'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kanuri has three tones: high, low, and falling. It has an extensive system of consonantal <a href="/wiki/Lenition" title="Lenition">lenition</a>; for example, <span title="Kanuri-language text"><i lang="kr">sa-</i></span> 'they' + <span title="Kanuri-language text"><i lang="kr">-buma</i></span> 'have eaten' → <span title="Kanuri-language text"><i lang="kr">za-wuna</i></span> 'they have eaten'.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally a local <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>, its usage has declined in recent decades. Most first-language speakers speak <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> as a second language.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution">Geographic distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kanuri is spoken mainly in lowlands of the <a href="/wiki/Chad_Basin" title="Chad Basin">Chad Basin</a>, with speakers in <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_country">By country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Kanuri region in Nigeria consists of <a href="/wiki/Borno_State" title="Borno State">Borno State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yobe_State" title="Yobe State">Yobe State</a>. Some other states such as <a href="/wiki/Jigawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigawa">Jigawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gombe_State" title="Gombe State">Gombe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bauchi_State" title="Bauchi State">Bauchi</a> are also dominated by Kanuri people, but they are not included in this region. Cities and towns where Kanuri is spoken include <a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damaturu" title="Damaturu">Damaturu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadejia" title="Hadejia">Hadejia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akko" class="mw-redirect" title="Akko">Akko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duku" class="mw-redirect" title="Duku">Duku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kwami" title="Kwami">Kwami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaduna" title="Kaduna">Kaduna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gusau" title="Gusau">Gusau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos" title="Jos">Jos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lafia" title="Lafia">Lafia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In central Nigeria, the Kanuri are usually referred to as Bare-Bari or Beriberi.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Central Kanuri, also known as <a href="/wiki/Yerwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerwa">Yerwa</a> Kanuri, is the main language of the Kanuri people living in Borno State, Yobe State and Gombe State, and it is usually referred to as <i>Kanuri</i> in Nigeria.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Manga Kanuri, which is the main language of the Kanuri people in Yobe State, Jigawa State and Bauchi State, is usually referred to as <i>Manga</i> or <i>Mangari</i> or <i>Mangawa</i>, and they are distinct from the <i>Kanuri</i>, which is a term generally used for speakers of Central Kanuri.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kanembu_language" title="Kanembu language">Kanembu language</a> is also spoken in Borno State on the border with Chad.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Niger">Niger</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Niger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Niger, the Kanuri region is composed of <a href="/wiki/Diffa_Region" title="Diffa Region">Diffa Region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zinder_Region" title="Zinder Region">Zinder Region</a> in the southeast. Parts of <a href="/wiki/Agadez_Region" title="Agadez Region">Agadez Region</a> are also Kanuri. Cities where it is spoken include <a href="/wiki/Zinder" title="Zinder">Zinder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diffa" title="Diffa">Diffa</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%27Guigmi" class="mw-redirect" title="N'Guigmi">N'Guigmi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bilma" title="Bilma">Bilma</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Zinder region, the main dialect is Manga. In Diffa Region, the main dialect is Tumari or Kanembu; Kanembu is spoken by a minority. In Agadez Region, the main dialect is Bilma. Central Kanuri is a minority dialect, and is commonly referred to as Bare-Bari or Beriberi.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i> <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> divides Kanuri into the following languages, while many linguists (e.g. Cyffer 1998) regard them as dialects of a single language. The first three are spoken by ethnic <a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri</a> and thought by them as dialects of their language. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Kanuri" title="Central Kanuri">Central Kanuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga_Kanuri" title="Manga Kanuri">Manga Kanuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumari_Kanuri" title="Tumari Kanuri">Tumari Kanuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilma_Kanuri" title="Bilma Kanuri">Bilma Kanuri</a> (or Bilms)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanembu_language" title="Kanembu language">Kanembu</a></li></ul> <p>The variety attested in 17th-century Qur'anic glosses is known as <a href="/wiki/Old_Kanembu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kanembu language">Old Kanembu</a>. In the context of religious recitation and commentaries, a heavily archaizing descendant of this is still used, called <a href="/wiki/Tarjumo_language" title="Tarjumo language">Tarjumo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labio-<br />dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Post-<br />alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Plosive</a> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span>) <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricate</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span>) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>There may also exist prenasalized voiced stop consonant sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/mb,<span class="wrap"> </span>nd,<span class="wrap"> </span>ŋɡ/</span>, although it is not known whether they are considered phonemic.</li> <li>The sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> occurs mainly as an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b/</span>, when following another voiceless plosive. It also may be in free alteration with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>; however, it is still represented in the standard Kanuri orthography.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A voiceless fricative <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɸ]</span> occurs as an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> when preceding back vowels <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o,<span class="wrap"> </span>u/</span>. A voiced fricative <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[β]</span> occurs as an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b/</span>, when occurring in intervocalic positions. A voiced fricative <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɣ]</span> occurs as an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span>, when occurring intervocalically between central vowels.</li> <li>A retroflex lateral sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a>]</span> is heard when <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> is followed by <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span>.</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>]</span> occurs as an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> when preceding velar stop consonants. Often, the stop sounds are deleted or misheard, so just the nasal sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ]</span> is mainly heard.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɨ]</span> is heard as an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ə/</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Written_Kanuri">Written Kanuri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Written Kanuri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kanuri has been written using the <a href="/wiki/Ajami_script" title="Ajami script">Ajami</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a>, mainly in religious or court contexts, for at least four hundred years.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, it is also sometimes written in a modified <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>. The Gospel of John published in 1965 was produced in Roman and Arabic script. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alphabet">Alphabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A standardized romanized orthography (known as the Standard Kanuri Orthography in Nigeria) was developed by the Kanuri Research Unit and the Kanuri Language Board. Its elaboration, based on the dialect of Maiduguri, was carried out by the Orthography Committee of the Kanuri Language Board, under the Chairmanship of Abba Sadiq, <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">Waziri</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bornu_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bornu Empire">Borno</a>. It was officially approved by the Kanuri Language Board in <a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a>, Nigeria, in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Letters used : a b c d e <a href="/wiki/%C6%8E" title="Ǝ">ǝ</a> f g h i j k l m n ny o p r <a href="/wiki/R_with_stroke" title="R with stroke">ɍ</a> s sh t u w y z.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table cellpadding="5" style="text-align:center;" class="wikitable"> <caption>Pronouns in Kanuri </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Singular </th> <th>Plural </th></tr> <tr> <th>1st person </th> <td><span title="Kanuri-language text"><i lang="kr">wú, ú</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kanuri-language text"><i lang="kr">àndí</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2nd person </th> <td><span title="Kanuri-language text"><i lang="kr">ní</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kanuri-language text"><i lang="kr">nàndí, nàyí</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3rd person </th> <td><span title="Kanuri-language text"><i lang="kr">tí</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kanuri-language text"><i lang="kr">tàndí, tàyí</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oral_literature">Oral literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Oral literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1854, <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Koelle" title="Sigismund Koelle">Sigismund Koelle</a> published <i>African Native Literature, or Proverbs, Tales, Fables, and Historical Fragments in the Kanuri or Bornu Language</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which contains texts in Kanuri and in English translation. There is a selection of proverbs,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stories and fables,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and historical fragments.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his English translation, Koelle misidentifies the trickster <a href="/wiki/African_striped_ground_squirrel" title="African striped ground squirrel"> ground-squirrel</a>, <i>kə̀nyérì</i>, as a weasel. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Francis_Burton" title="Richard Francis Burton">Richard Francis Burton</a> in his <i>Wit and Wisdom from West Africa</i> included a selection of the proverbs reported by Koelle.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here are some of those proverbs: </p> <ul><li>"<i>Angalte silman gani karga, kalalan karga.</i>" "Wisdom is not in the eye, but in the head." (#5)</li> <li>"<i>Tama sugo diniabe.</i>" "Hope is the pillar of the world." (#16)</li> <li>"<i>Ago fugubete, komande genya, ngudo dabu kuruguamai tsurui bago.</i>" "As to what is future, even a bird with a long neck cannot see it, but the Lord only." (#32)</li> <li>"<i>Bulturo dinia watsi tsabalan.</i>" "It became day whilst the hyena was on its way (i.e. the man's strength was broken before he attained his object)." (#41)</li> <li>"<i>Ngurtu kamawunga da tsogo tilon kotsena, kamawun gurtuga sila tsogo tilon kotsena.</i>" "A hippopotamus exceeds an elephant by one basket of flesh, and an elephant exceeds a hippopotamus by one basket of bones." (#78)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text_in_Kanuri_(Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights)"><span id="Sample_text_in_Kanuri_.28Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights.29"></span>Sample text in Kanuri (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sample text in Kanuri (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hakkiwa-a nambe a suro Wowur abəden dəganadə ndu-a nduana-aso kartaa, gayirtə futubibema baaro, gayirta alama jiilibeso, kadigəbeso, alagəbeso, təlambeso, adinbeso, siyasabeso au rayiwu, lardə gade au kaduwu gade, kənganti, tambo au awowa laa gade anyiga samunzəna. Anyibe ngawoman nduma kəla siyasaben, kal kəntəwoben kal au daraja dunyalabe sawawuro kal kərye au lardə kamdə dəganabe sawawuro gayirtinba. Lardə shi gultənama adə kərmai kəlanzəben karga, amanaro musko lardə gadeben karga, kəlanzəlangənyi karga au sədiya kaidawa kəntəwobe laan karga yaye kal.</i> </p><p><b>Translation</b> </p><p>Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under and other limitation of sovereingty. </p><p><i>(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights).</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Kanuri_word_list" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Kanuri word list">Kanuri word list</a> (Wiktionary)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Norbert Cyffer & John P. Hutchison (eds.) <i>Dictionary of the Kanuri Language (Publications in African languages and linguistics, 13)</i>. Foris Publications 1990. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6765-412-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-6765-412-4">90-6765-412-4</a>.</li> <li>Norbert Cyffer, <i>We Learn Kanuri</i> (book and 2 audio cassettes), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-927620-01-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-927620-01-7">3-927620-01-7</a>, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag: Köln 1993.</li> <li>Norbert Cyffer, <i>English-Kanuri Dictionary</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-927620-44-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-927620-44-0">3-927620-44-0</a>, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag: Köln 1994.</li> <li>Norbert Cyffer, <i>A Sketch of Kanuri</i>. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag: Köln 1998.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kau">Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: kau</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bondarev, Dmitry and Dobronravin, Nikolay. "Standardisation Tendencies in Kanuri and Hausa Ajami Writings". Creating Standards: Interactions with Arabic script in 12 manuscript cultures, edited by Dmitry Bondarev, Alessandro Gori and Lameen Souag, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019, pp. 237-270. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639063-010">DOI: 10.1515/9783110639063-010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e27-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e27_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kau">Kanuri</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/knc">Central Kanuri</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kby">Manga Kanuri</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/krt">Tumari Kanuri</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bms">Bilma Kanuri</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kbl">Kanembu</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/txj">Old Kanembu</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061108031954/http://www.kanuri.net/related_projects2.php?aID=37">"Kanuri Studies Association"</a>. 2004. Archived from the original on November 8, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kanuri+Studies+Association&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kanuri.net%2Frelated_projects2.php%3FaID%3D37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKanuri+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurie Bauer, 2007, <i>The Linguistics Student’s Handbook</i>, Edinburgh</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kanuri-language">"Kanuri language"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Kanuri+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FKanuri-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKanuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulse2021" class="citation web cs1">Pulse, Pulse (2021-11-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/kanuri-bornus-most-dominant-culture/s2e7f1v">"Kanuri: Bornu's most dominant culture"</a>. <i>Pulse Nigeria</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pulse+Nigeria&rft.atitle=Kanuri%3A+Bornu%27s+most+dominant+culture&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft.aulast=Pulse&rft.aufirst=Pulse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulse.ng%2Flifestyle%2Ffood-travel%2Fkanuri-bornus-most-dominant-culture%2Fs2e7f1v&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKanuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchool" class="citation web cs1">School, Live Lingua-Online Language. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livelingua.com/courses/Kanuri">"Learn Kanuri Free: 2 Online Kanuri Courses"</a>. <i>Live Lingua</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Live+Lingua&rft.atitle=Learn+Kanuri+Free%3A+2+Online+Kanuri+Courses&rft.aulast=School&rft.aufirst=Live+Lingua-Online+Language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livelingua.com%2Fcourses%2FKanuri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKanuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchison1981" class="citation book cs1">Hutchison, John P. (1981). <i>The Kanuri Language: A Reference Grammar</i>. .: University of Wisconsin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kanuri+Language%3A+A+Reference+Grammar&rft.place=.&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Hutchison&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKanuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchison1981" class="citation book cs1">Hutchison, John P. (1981). <i>The Kanuri Language: A Reference Grammar</i>. .: University of Wisconsin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kanuri+Language%3A+A+Reference+Grammar&rft.place=.&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Hutchison&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKanuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCyffer1998" class="citation book cs1">Cyffer, Norbert (1998). <i>A sketch of Kanuri</i>. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+sketch+of+Kanuri&rft.pub=K%C3%B6ln%3A+R%C3%BCdiger+K%C3%B6ppe+Verlag.&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Cyffer&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKanuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061108031954/http://www.kanuri.net/related_projects2.php?aID=37">"Kanuri Studies Association"</a>. 2004. Archived from the original on November 8, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kanuri+Studies+Association&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kanuri.net%2Frelated_projects2.php%3FaID%3D37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKanuri+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dictionary of the Kanuri language</i>. Norbert Cyffer, John P. Hutchison, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6765-412-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-6765-412-4">90-6765-412-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/recherche/Afrique/alphabet_kanuri.htm"><i>alphabet kanuri — arrété 213-99 de la République du Niger</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627072551/http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/recherche/Afrique/alphabet_kanuri.htm">Archived</a> 2009-06-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Chantal Enguehard – Université de Nantes) the letter schwa used in Kanuri is encoded in Unicode with U+01DD instead of U+0259, and its uppercase is Ǝ U+018E instead of Ə U+018F.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Nilo-Saharan/Saharan/Manga%20dictionary%20Unicode.pdf">"Microsoft Word - Manga dictionary Unicode.doc"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Word+-+Manga+dictionary+Unicode.doc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerblench.info%2FLanguage%2FNilo-Saharan%2FSaharan%2FManga%2520dictionary%2520Unicode.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKanuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Koelle, Sigismund (1854). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africannativelit00koel/">African Native Literature, or Proverbs, Tales, Fables, and Historical Fragments in the Kanuri or Bornu Language.</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africannativelit00koel/page/n19/mode/2up?view=theater">Koelle 1854</a>, pp. 1-6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africannativelit00koel/page/6/mode/2up?view=theater">Koelle 1854</a>, pp. 7-64, English on pp. 122-188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africannativelit00koel/page/64/mode/2up?view=theater">Koelle 1854</a>, pp. 65-121, English on pp. 189-256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton, Richard (1865). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/witandwisdomfro01burtgoog/page/n76/mode/2up?view=theater">Wit and Wisdom from West Africa.</a></i> pp. 41-59.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_2">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barth, Heinrich 1854. Schreiben an Prof. Lepsius uber die Beziehung der Kanori- und Teda-Sprachen. <i>Zeitschrift für Erdkunde</i>, 2: 372–74, 384–87.</li> <li>Bulakarima, S. Umara 1997. Survey of Kanuri dialects. in <i>Advances in Kanuri Scholarship</i>, ed. N. Cyffer and T. Geider. Pp. 67–75. Cologne: Rudiger Koppe.</li> <li>Chonai, Hassan 1998. <i>Gruppa teda-kanuri (centraľnosaxarskaja sem’ja jazykov) i ee genetičeskie vzaimootnošenija (ėtimologičeskij i fonologičeskij aspekt).</i> Moskva: PhD. Dissertation (Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj gumanitarnyj universitet).</li> <li>Hutchison, John P. 1981. <i>The Kanuri Language. A Reference Grammar</i>. Madison: University of Wisconsin.</li> <li>Koelle, Sigismund Wilhelm 1854. <i>Grammar of the Bornu or Kanuri Language</i>. London: Church Missionary Society.</li> <li>Lange, Dierk 1972. Un vocabulaire kanuri de la fin du XVIIe siècle. <i><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_d%27%C3%89tudes_africaines" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahiers d'Études africaines">Cahiers d'Études africaines</a></i>, 12(46): 277–290.</li> <li>Lukas, Johannes 1937. <i>A Study of the Kanuri Language. Grammar and Vocabulary</i>. London: Oxford University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuri_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wold.clld.org/language/5">Kanuri Vocabulary List</a> (from the World Loanword Database)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bisharat.net/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Kanuri">PanAfrican L10n page on Kanuri</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627072551/http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/recherche/Afrique/alphabet_kanuri.htm"><i>Alphabet Kanuri</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Nilo-Saharan/Saharan/Manga%20dictionary%20Unicode.pdf">Dictionary of Manga Kanuri</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_language" title="Bamum language">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulu_language" title="Bulu language">Bulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duala_language" title="Duala language">Duala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewondo_language" title="Ewondo language">Ewondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fulfulde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_language_(Cameroon)" title="Kom language (Cameroon)">Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nso_language" title="Nso language">Lamnso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medumba_language" title="Medumba language">Medumba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pidgins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_Pidgin_English" title="Cameroonian Pidgin English">Cameroonian Pidgin English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camfranglais" title="Camfranglais">Camfranglais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewondo_Populaire" title="Ewondo Populaire">Ewondo Populaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Arabic" title="Chadian Arabic">Chadian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abon_language" title="Abon language">Abon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afade_language" title="Afade language">Afade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghem_language" title="Aghem language">Aghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambo_language_(Nigeria)" title="Ambo language (Nigeria)">Ambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babanki_language" title="Babanki language">Babanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bafaw-Balong_language" title="Bafaw-Balong language">Bafaw-Balong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bafia_language_(Cameroon)" title="Bafia language (Cameroon)">Bafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baka_language" title="Baka language">Baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldemu_language" title="Baldemu language">Baldemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamali_language" title="Bamali language">Bamali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambalang_language" title="Bambalang language">Bambalang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bana_language" title="Bana language">Bana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangolan_language" title="Bangolan language">Bangolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankon_language" title="Bankon language">Bankon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaa_language" title="Basaa language">Basaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_language" title="Bata language">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bati_language_(Cameroon)" title="Bati language (Cameroon)">Bati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_language" title="Batu language">Batu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebele_language" title="Bebele language">Bebele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebil_language" title="Bebil language">Bebil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beti language">Beti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikya_language" title="Bikya language">Bikya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishuo_language" title="Bishuo language">Bishuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitare_language" title="Bitare language">Bitare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomwali_language" title="Bomwali language">Bomwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonkeng_language" title="Bonkeng language">Bonkeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bube_language" title="Bube language">Bube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bung_language" title="Bung language">Bung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buwal_language" title="Buwal language">Buwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byep_language" title="Byep language">Byep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caka_language" title="Caka language">Caka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceve-Maci_language" title="Iceve-Maci language">Ceve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamba_Leko" title="Chamba Leko">Chamba Leko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuvok_language" title="Cuvok language">Cuvok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daba_language" title="Daba language">Daba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyayo_language" title="Doyayo language">Dowayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C6%8Augwor_language" title="Ɗugwor language">Ɗugwor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duli_language" title="Duli language">Duli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eman_language" title="Eman language">Eman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esimbi_language" title="Esimbi language">Esimbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_language" title="Eton language">Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evant_language" title="Evant language">Evant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BC_language" title="Faʼ language">Fa’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_language" title="Fang language">Fang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanji_language" title="Fanji language">Fanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe%27fe%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fe'fe' language">Fe'fe'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fut_language" title="Fut language">Fut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawar_language" title="Gawar language">Gawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbanu_language" title="Gbanu language">Gbanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbanzili_language" title="Gbanzili language">Gbanzili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghomala%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghomala' language">Ghomala'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidar_language" title="Gidar language">Gidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glavda_language" title="Glavda language">Glavda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gude_language" title="Gude language">Gude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunu_language" title="Gunu language">Gunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gvoko_language" title="Gvoko language">Gvoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hdi_language" title="Hdi language">Hdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijuk_language" title="Hijuk language">Hijuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hina_language" title="Hina language">Hina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hya_language" title="Hya language">Hya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipulo_language" title="Ipulo language">Ipulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyive_language" title="Iyive language">Iyive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_language_(Cameroon)" title="Jimi language (Cameroon)">Jimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jina_language" title="Jina language">Jina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaalong_language" title="Kaalong language">Kaalong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabba_language" title="Kabba language">Kabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kako_language" title="Kako language">Kako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_language" title="Kali language">Kali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kanuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kare_language_(Adamawa)" title="Kare language (Adamawa)">Kare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasabe_language" title="Kasabe language">Kasabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kera_language" title="Kera language">Kera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_language" title="Ki language">Ki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogo_language" title="Kogo language">Kogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_language_(Cameroon)" title="Kol language (Cameroon)">Kol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koma_language" title="Koma language">Koma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpwe_language" title="Kpwe language">Kpwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuo_language" title="Kuo language">Kuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutin_language" title="Kutin language">Kutin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwa%CA%BC_language" title="Kwaʼ language">Kwa’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakum_language" title="Kwakum language">Kwakum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasio_language" title="Kwasio language">Kwasio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%27bi_language" title="La'bi language">La'bi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagwan_language" title="Lagwan language">Lagwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_language_(Cameroon)" title="Limba language (Cameroon)">Limba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbum_language" title="Limbum language">Limbum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_language_(Cameroon)" title="Luo language (Cameroon)">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C9%97a_language" title="Maɗa language">Maɗa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafa_language" title="Mafa language">Mafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majera_language" title="Majera language">Majera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaa_language" title="Makaa language">Makaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malgbe_language" title="Malgbe language">Malgbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manenguba_languages" title="Manenguba languages">Manenguba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangbai_language" title="Mangbai language">Mangbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manza_language" title="Manza language">Manza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslam_language" title="Maslam language">Maslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massa_language" title="Massa language">Massa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matal_language" title="Matal language">Matal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazagway_language" title="Mazagway language">Mazagway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mb%C9%99%CA%BC_language" title="Mbəʼ language">Mbə’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mboa_language" title="Mboa language">Mboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbudum_language" title="Mbudum language">Mbudum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuko_language" title="Mbuko language">Mbuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbule_language" title="Mbule language">Mbule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbum_language" title="Mbum language">Mbum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefele_language" title="Mefele language">Mefele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengaka_language" title="Mengaka language">Məgaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leti_language_(Cameroon)" title="Leti language (Cameroon)">Mengisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menyam_language" title="Menyam language">Menyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merey_language" title="Merey language">Merey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesaka_language" title="Mesaka language">Mesaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mfumte_language" title="Mfumte language">Mfumte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofu-Gudur_language" title="Mofu-Gudur language">Mofu-Gudur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moloko_language" title="Moloko language">Moloko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_language_(Cameroon)" title="Mono language (Cameroon)">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpade_language" title="Mpade language">Mpade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpumpong_language" title="Mpumpong language">Mpumpong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mser_language" title="Mser language">Mser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundang_language" title="Mundang language">Mundang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nga%27ka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nga'ka language">Mungaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musgu_language" title="Musgu language">Musgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muyang_language" title="Muyang language">Muyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagumi_language" title="Nagumi language">Nagumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nda%E2%80%99nda%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nda’nda’ language">Nda’nda’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndai_language" title="Ndai language">Ndai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nen_language_(Cameroon)" title="Nen language (Cameroon)">Nen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nga%27ka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nga'ka language">Nga'ka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngambay_language" title="Ngambay language">Ngambay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngiemboon_language" title="Ngiemboon language">Ngiemboon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngomba_language" title="Ngomba language">Ngomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngombale_language" title="Ngombale language">Ngombale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngwe_language" title="Ngwe language">Ngwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbari_language" title="Nimbari language">Nimbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njem_language" title="Njem language">Njem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njerep_language" title="Njerep language">Njerep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkongho_language" title="Nkongho language">Nkongho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanga_language" title="Tanga language">Noho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noni_language" title="Noni language">Noni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Giziga_language" title="North Giziga language">North Giziga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Mofu_language" title="North Mofu language">North Mofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Gbaya_language" title="Northwest Gbaya language">Northwest Gbaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyokon_language" title="Nyokon language">Nyokon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyong_language" title="Nyong language">Nyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzakambay_language" title="Nzakambay language">Nzakambay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzanyi_language" title="Nzanyi language">Nzanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzime_language" title="Nzime language">Nzime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblo_language" title="Oblo language">Oblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroko_language" title="Oroko language">Oroko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otank_language" title="Otank language">Otank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pam_language" title="Pam language">Pam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_language" title="Baba language">Papia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkwa_language" title="Parkwa language">Parkwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin_language" title="Pinyin language">Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol_language" title="Pol language">Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongo_language" title="Pongo language">Pongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psiky%C9%9B_dialect" title="Psikyɛ dialect">Psikyɛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rombi_language" title="Rombi language">Rombi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharwa_language" title="Sharwa language">Sharwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Giziga_language" title="South Giziga language">South Giziga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwu_language" title="Suwu language">Suwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swo_language" title="Swo language">Swo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibea_language" title="Tibea language">Tibea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikar_language" title="Tikar language">Tikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_language" title="To language">To</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuvan_language" title="Tsuvan language">Tsuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupuri_language" title="Tupuri language">Tupuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vame_language" title="Vame language">Vame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vemgo-Mabas_language" title="Vemgo-Mabas language">Vemgo-Mabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vengo_language" title="Vengo language">Vengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vere_language" title="Vere language">Vere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voko_language" title="Voko language">Voko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perema_language" title="Perema language">Wom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzlam_language" title="Wuzlam language">Wuzlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamba_language" title="Yamba language">Yamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yambe_language" title="Yambe language">Yambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasa_language" title="Yasa language">Yasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yedina_language" title="Yedina language">Yedina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemba_language" title="Yemba language">Yemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeni_language" title="Yeni language">Yeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zizilivakan_language" title="Zizilivakan language">Zizilivakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulgo-Gemzek_language" title="Zulgo-Gemzek language">Zulgo-Gemzek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zumaya_language" title="Zumaya language">Zumaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_American_Sign_Language#Francophone_African_Sign_Language" title="Varieties of American Sign Language">Francophone African Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroua_Sign_Language" title="Maroua Sign Language">Maroua Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/General_Alphabet_of_Cameroon_Languages" title="General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages">General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Niger" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Niger" title="Template:Languages of Niger"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Niger" title="Template talk:Languages of Niger"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Niger" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Niger"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Niger" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Niger" title="Languages of Niger">Languages of Niger</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buduma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Buduma language">Buduma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fulfulde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurma language">Gurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kanuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasawaq_language" title="Tasawaq language">Tassawaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebu_languages" title="Tebu languages">Toubou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tamajeq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tamajeq_language" title="Air Tamajeq language">Air Tamajeq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Arabic" title="Chadian Arabic">Chadian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daza_language" title="Daza language">Daza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaado_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaado language">Kaado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamahaq_language" title="Tamahaq language">Tamahaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic Language">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Nigeria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Nigeria" title="Template:Languages of Nigeria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Nigeria" title="Template talk:Languages of Nigeria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Nigeria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Nigeria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Nigeria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nigeria" title="Languages of Nigeria">Languages of Nigeria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_English" title="Nigerian English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognised languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berom_language" title="Berom language">Berom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebira_language" title="Ebira language">Ebira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_language" title="Edo language">Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibibio-Efik_languages" title="Ibibio-Efik languages">Efik-Ibibio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fulfulde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwari_language" title="Gwari language">Gbagyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idoma_language" title="Idoma language">Idoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igala_language" title="Igala language">Igala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijaw_languages" title="Ijaw languages">Ijaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoko_language" title="Isoko language">Isoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izere_language" title="Izere language">Izere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jju_language" title="Jju language">Jju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukunoid_languages" title="Jukunoid languages">Jukun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kanuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nupe_language" title="Nupe language">Nupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karai-karai" title="Karai-karai">Karai-karai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiv_language" title="Tiv language">Tiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyap_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyap language">Tyap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni_language" title="Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni language">Ukwuani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_language" title="Urhobo language">Urhobo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e6e6ff;"><div id="Indigenous_languages_(grouped_by_Nigerian_state)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Indigenous languages <span style="font-size:85%;">(grouped by <a href="/wiki/States_of_Nigeria" title="States of Nigeria">Nigerian state</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_State" title="Adamawa State">Adamawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Baa language">Baa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacama_language" title="Bacama language">Bacama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_language_(Adamawa)" title="Bali language (Adamawa)">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_language" title="Bata language">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boga_language" title="Boga language">Boga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bura_language" title="Bura language">Bura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamba_Leko" title="Chamba Leko">Chamba Leko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daba_language" title="Daba language">Daba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daka_language" title="Daka language">Daka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_language_(Nigeria)" title="Dong language (Nigeria)">Dong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fali_of_Mubi" title="Fali of Mubi">Fali of Mubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%27anda_language" title="Ga'anda language">Ga'anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaa_language" title="Gaa language">Gaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gude_language" title="Gude language">Gude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudu_language" title="Gudu language">Gudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holma_language" title="Holma language">Holma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huba_language" title="Huba language">Huba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwana_language" title="Hwana language">Hwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hya_language" title="Hya language">Hya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamwe_language" title="Kamwe language">Kamwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanakuru_language" title="Kanakuru language">Kanakuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirya-Konz%C9%99l_language" title="Kirya-Konzəl language">Kirya-Konzəl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kofa language">Kofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koma_language" title="Koma language">Koma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpasam_language" title="Kpasam language">Kpasam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugama_language" title="Kugama language">Kugama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumba_language" title="Kumba language">Kumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamang_language" title="Lamang language">Lamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longuda_language" title="Longuda language">Longuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margi_language" title="Margi language">Margi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margi_South_language" title="Margi South language">Margi South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumuye_language" title="Mumuye language">Mumuye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngwaba_language" title="Ngwaba language">Ngwaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyong_language" title="Nyong language">Nyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzanyi_language" title="Nzanyi language">Nzanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psiky%C9%9B_dialect" title="Psikyɛ dialect">Psikyɛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukur_language" title="Sukur language">Sukur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taram_language" title="Taram language">Taram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teme_language" title="Teme language">Teme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tso_language" title="Tso language">Tso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vere_language" title="Vere language">Vere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waja_language" title="Waja language">Waja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wom_language_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wom language (Nigeria)">Wom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yendang_language" title="Yendang language">Yendang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zizilivakan_language" title="Zizilivakan language">Zizilivakan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Akwa_Ibom_State" title="Akwa Ibom State">Akwa Ibom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaang_language" title="Anaang language">Anaang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekit language">Ekit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibibio_language" title="Ibibio language">Ibibio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obolo_language" title="Obolo language">Obolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oron_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Oron language">Oron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bauchi_State" title="Bauchi State">Bauchi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C6%81eele_language" title="Ɓeele language">Ɓeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole_language" title="Bole language">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bure_language" title="Bure language">Bure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciwogai_language" title="Ciwogai language">Ciwogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dass_language" title="Dass language">Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazawa_language" title="Dazawa language">Dazawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deno_language" title="Deno language">Deno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikaka_language" title="Dikaka language">Dikaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulbu_language" title="Dulbu language">Dulbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galambu_language" title="Galambu language">Galambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_language" title="Gera language">Gera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geruma_language" title="Geruma language">Geruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giiwo_language" title="Giiwo language">Giiwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruntum_language" title="Guruntum language">Guruntum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaa_language" title="Jalaa language">Jalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarawa_language_(Nigeria)" title="Jarawa language (Nigeria)">Jarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_language_(Nigeria)" title="Jimi language (Nigeria)">Jimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karekare_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Karekare language">Karekare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kariya_language" title="Kariya language">Kariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kir-Balar_language" title="Kir-Balar language">Kir-Balar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubi_language" title="Kubi language">Kubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushi language">Kushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusur%E2%80%93Myet_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kusur–Myet language">Kusur–Myet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutto_language" title="Kutto language">Kutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaami_language" title="Kwaami language">Kwaami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labir_language" title="Labir language">Labir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longuda_language" title="Longuda language">Longuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangas_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangas language">Mangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mburku_language" title="Mburku language">Mburku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miya_language" title="Miya language">Miya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'a language">Pa'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piya_language" title="Piya language">Piya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polci_language" title="Polci language">Polci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiki_language" title="Shiki language">Shiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri_language" title="Siri language">Siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tso_language" title="Tso language">Tso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warji_language" title="Warji language">Warji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangwal_language" title="Zangwal language">Zangwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zumbun_language" title="Zumbun language">Zumbun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bayelsa_State" title="Bayelsa State">Bayelsa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Izon_language" title="Izon language">Izon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epie_language" title="Epie language">Epie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo-Isoko" class="mw-redirect" title="Urhobo-Isoko">Urhobo-Isoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Ijo" title="Southeast Ijo">Southeast Ijo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benue_State" title="Benue State">Benue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eggon_language" title="Eggon language">Eggon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igede_language" title="Igede language">Igede</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Borno_State" title="Borno State">Borno</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afade_language" title="Afade language">Afade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bura_language" title="Bura language">Bura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibak_language" title="Cibak language">Cibak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cineni_language" title="Cineni language">Cineni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dghwede_language" title="Dghwede language">Dghwede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glavda_language" title="Glavda language">Glavda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gude_language" title="Gude language">Gude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guduf-Gava_language" title="Guduf-Gava language">Guduf-Gava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gvoko_language" title="Gvoko language">Gvoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jara_language" title="Jara language">Jara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilbe_language" title="Jilbe language">Jilbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamwe_language" title="Kamwe language">Kamwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanakuru_language" title="Kanakuru language">Kanakuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamang_language" title="Lamang language">Lamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maaka_language" title="Maaka language">Maaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafa_language" title="Mafa language">Mafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margi_language" title="Margi language">Margi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margi_South_language" title="Margi South language">Margi South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nggwahyi_language" title="Nggwahyi language">Nggwahyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putai_language" title="Putai language">Putai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera_language" title="Tera language">Tera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandala_language" title="Wandala language">Wandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yedina_language" title="Yedina language">Yedina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_State" title="Cross River State">Cross River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abanyom_language" title="Abanyom language">Abanyom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_language" title="Efik language">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbe_language" title="Mbe language">Mbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbembe_language" title="Mbembe language">Mbembe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Delta_State" title="Delta State">Delta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo-Isoko" class="mw-redirect" title="Urhobo-Isoko">Urhobo-Isoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ika_language_(Nigeria)" title="Ika language (Nigeria)">Ika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izon_language" title="Izon language">Izon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoko_language" title="Isoko language">Isoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni_language" title="Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni language">Ukwuani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_language" title="Urhobo language">Uhrobo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edo_State" title="Edo State">Edo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afenmai_language" title="Afenmai language">Afenmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishan language">Ishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bini_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bini language">Bini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gombe_State" title="Gombe State">Gombe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awak_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Awak language">Awak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangwinji_language" title="Bangwinji language">Bangwinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole_language" title="Bole language">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadiya_language" title="Dadiya language">Dadiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jara_language" title="Jara language">Jara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamo_language" title="Kamo language">Kamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngamo_language" title="Ngamo language">Ngamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pero_language" title="Pero language">Pero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangale_language" title="Tangale language">Tangale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera_language" title="Tera language">Tera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula_language" title="Tula language">Tula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waja_language" title="Waja language">Waja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jigawa_State" title="Jigawa State">Jigawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bade_language" title="Bade language">Bade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teshenawa_language" title="Teshenawa language">Teshenawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaduna_State" title="Kaduna State">Kaduna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adara_language" title="Adara language">Adara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahwai_language" title="Ahwai language">Ahwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanufi_language" title="Kanufi language">Anib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atsam_language" title="Atsam language">Atsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayu_language" title="Ayu language">Ayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berom_language" title="Berom language">Berom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu_language" title="Bu language">Bu-Ninkada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bina_language" title="Bina language">Bina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piti_language" title="Piti language">Bishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cori language">Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doka_language" title="Doka language">Doka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungu_language" title="Dungu language">Dungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duya language">Duya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iku_language" title="Iku language">Ekhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbagyi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbagyi language">Gbagyi-Gbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwandara_language" title="Gwandara language">Gwandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyong_language" title="Gyong language">Gyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasha_language" title="Hasha language">Hasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyam_language" title="Hyam language">Hyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulu_language" title="Kulu language">Ikulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jju_language" title="Jju language">Jju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaivi_language" title="Kaivi language">Kaivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinuku_language" title="Kinuku language">Kinuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kono_language_(Nigeria)" title="Kono language (Nigeria)">Koonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuwa-Zamani_language" title="Shuwa-Zamani language">Kuzamani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mada_language" title="Mada language">Mada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mala_language" title="Mala language">Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nghan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nghan language">Nghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikyob-Nindem_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikyob-Nindem language">Nikyob-Nindem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninzo_language" title="Ninzo language">Ninzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numana_language" title="Numana language">Numana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nungu_language" title="Nungu language">Nungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyankpa_language" title="Nyankpa language">Nyankpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruma_language" title="Ruma language">Ruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambe_language" title="Sambe language">Sambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_language" title="Sha language">Sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamang_language" title="Shamang language">Shamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurama_language" title="Kurama language">T'kurmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Map_language" title="Map language">Timap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheni-Ziriya_language" title="Sheni-Ziriya language">TiSeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vori_language" title="Vori language">Tivori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_language" title="Toro language">Toro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbiri-Niragu_language" title="Gbiri-Niragu language">Tugbiri-Niragu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumi_language" title="Tumi language">Tumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyap_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyap language">Tyap (Fantswam, Gworog, Sholyio, Takad, Tyap Mabatado, Tyecharak, Tyuku)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vono_language" title="Vono language">Vono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_Wachi_language" title="Koro Wachi language">Wachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhire_language" title="Zhire language">Zhire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kano_State" title="Kano State">Kano</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C6%8Auwai_language" title="Ɗuwai language">Ɗuwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurama_language" title="Kurama language">Tikurmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kebbi_State" title="Kebbi State">Kebbi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cipu_language" title="Cipu language">Cipu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damakawa_language" title="Damakawa language">Damakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hun-Saare_language" title="Hun-Saare language">Hun-Saare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kogi_State" title="Kogi State">Kogi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basa-Benue_language" title="Basa-Benue language">Basa-Benue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Nge_people" title="Bassa Nge people">Bassa Nge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igala_language" title="Igala language">Igala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nupe_language" title="Nupe language">Nupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oworo_dialect" title="Oworo dialect">Oworo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kwara_State" title="Kwara State">Kwara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kakanda_language" title="Kakanda language">Kakanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupa_language" title="Kupa language">Kupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nupe_language" title="Nupe language">Nupe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nasarawa_State" title="Nasarawa State">Nasarawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ake_language" title="Ake language">Ake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alumu_language" title="Alumu language">Alumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa-Benue_language" title="Basa-Benue language">Basa-Benue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duhwa_language" title="Duhwa language">Duhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggon_language" title="Eggon language">Eggon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasha_language" title="Hasha language">Hasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jili_language" title="Jili language">Jili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_language" title="Toro language">Toro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Niger_State" title="Niger State">Niger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asu_language_(Nigeria)" title="Asu language (Nigeria)">Asu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bariba_language" title="Bariba language">Bariba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipu_language" title="Cipu language">Cipu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbagyi_people" title="Gbagyi people">Gbagyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwandara_language" title="Gwandara language">Gwandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jijili_language" title="Jijili language">Jijili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakanda_language" title="Kakanda language">Kakanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nupe_language" title="Nupe language">Nupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongu_language" title="Pongu language">Pongu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ondo_State" title="Ondo State">Ondo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itsekiri_language" title="Itsekiri language">Itsekiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izon_language" title="Izon language">Izon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukaan_language" title="Ukaan language">Ukaan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plateau_State" title="Plateau State">Plateau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barkul_language" title="Barkul language">Barkul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berom_language" title="Berom language">Berom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boghom_language" title="Boghom language">Bogghom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole_language" title="Bole language">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cakfem-Mushere_language" title="Cakfem-Mushere language">Cakfem-Mushere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dass_language" title="Dass language">Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyam language">Fyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyer_language" title="Fyer language">Fyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goemai_language" title="Goemai language">Goemai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horom_language" title="Horom language">Horom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izere_language" title="Izere language">Izere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorto language">Jorto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenoem_language" title="Koenoem language">Koenoem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofyar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kofyar language">Kofyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulere_language" title="Kulere language">Kulere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miship_language" title="Miship language">Miship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montol_language" title="Montol language">Montol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundat_language" title="Mundat language">Mundat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwaghavul_language" title="Mwaghavul language">Mwaghavul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngas_language" title="Ngas language">Ngas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe_language" title="Pe language">Pe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyapun_language" title="Pyapun language">Pyapun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigwe_language" title="Rigwe language">Rigwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_language" title="Ron language">Ron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_language" title="Sha language">Sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sur language">Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_language" title="Tal language">Tal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambas_language" title="Tambas language">Tambas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarok_language" title="Tarok language">Tarok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyap_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyap language">Tyap (Takad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yankam language">Yankam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwom_language" title="Yiwom language">Yiwom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rivers_State" title="Rivers State">Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abua_language" title="Abua language">Abua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baan_language" title="Baan language">Baan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biseni_language" title="Biseni language">Biseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defaka_language" title="Defaka language">Defaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degema_language" title="Degema language">Degema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekpeye_language" title="Ekpeye language">Ekpeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleme_language" title="Eleme language">Eleme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engenni_language" title="Engenni language">Engenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokana_language" title="Gokana language">Gokana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijaw_languages" title="Ijaw languages">Ijaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikwerre_language" title="Ikwerre language">Ikwerre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabari_language" title="Kalabari language">Kalabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khana_language" title="Khana language">Khana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugbo_language" title="Kugbo language">Kugbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkoroo_language" title="Nkoroo language">Nkoroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%E2%80%99chi%E2%80%99chi%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="O’chi’chi’ language">O’chi’chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obolo_language" title="Obolo language">Obolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obulom_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Obulom language">Obulom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odual_language" title="Odual language">Odual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogba_language" title="Ogba language">Ogba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogbogolo_language" title="Ogbogolo language">Ogbogolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogbronuagum_language" title="Ogbronuagum language">Ogbronuagum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogoni_languages" title="Ogoni languages">Ogoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okodia_language" title="Okodia language">Okodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oruma_language" title="Oruma language">Oruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tee_language" title="Tee language">Tee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni_language" title="Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni language">Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taraba_State" title="Taraba State">Taraba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baissa_Fali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Baissa Fali language">Baissa Fali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bete_language_(Nigeria)" title="Bete language (Nigeria)">Bete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buru_language_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buru language (Nigeria)">Buru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadiya_language" title="Dadiya language">Dadiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donga_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Donga language">Donga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholok_language" title="Kholok language">Kholok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpati_language" title="Kpati language">Kpati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laka_language_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laka language (Nigeria)">Laka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufu_language" title="Lufu language">Lufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumuye_language" title="Mumuye language">Mumuye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyam_language" title="Nyam language">Nyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingwom_language" title="Nyingwom language">Nyingwom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangseng_language" title="Pangseng language">Pangseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rang_language" title="Rang language">Rang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarok_language" title="Tarok language">Tarok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waja_language" title="Waja language">Waja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_language" title="Waka language">Waka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yendang_language" title="Yendang language">Yendang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoti_language" title="Yoti language">Yoti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yobe_State" title="Yobe State">Yobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bade_language" title="Bade language">Bade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole_language" title="Bole language">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C6%8Auwai_language" title="Ɗuwai language">Ɗuwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karekare_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Karekare language">Karekare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngamo_language" title="Ngamo language">Ngamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngizim_language" title="Ngizim language">Ngizim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Sign Language">Nigerian Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bura_Sign_Language" title="Bura Sign Language">Bura Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_Sign_Language" title="Hausa Sign Language">Hausa Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Nigerian_alphabet" title="Pan-Nigerian alphabet">Pan-Nigerian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saharan_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saharan_languages" title="Template:Saharan languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saharan_languages" title="Template talk:Saharan languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saharan_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saharan languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saharan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Saharan_languages" title="Saharan languages">Saharan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Berti_language" title="Berti language">Berti</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_language" title="Zaghawa language">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kanuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanembu_language" title="Kanembu language">Kanembu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebu_languages" title="Tebu languages">Tebu</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Daza_language" title="Daza language">Daza</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Teda_language" title="Teda language">Teda</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36094#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36094#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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