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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dke_rije%C4%8Di_za_ljubav" title="Grčke riječi za ljubav – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grčke riječi za ljubav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinta_dalam_bahasa_Yunani" title="Cinta dalam bahasa Yunani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cinta dalam bahasa Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6" title="ਪਿਆਰ ਲਈ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਿਆਰ ਲਈ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palavras_gregas_para_o_amor" title="Palavras gregas para o amor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palavras gregas para o amor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termeni_grece%C8%99ti_referitori_la_iubire" title="Termeni grecești referitori la iubire – Romanian" lang="ro" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Agápe, éros, philía, storgē, philautia, and xenia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Love" title="Category:Love">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0 0 1.0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red-outline heart icon"><img alt="Red-outline heart icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg/45px-Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg/68px-Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg/90px-Heart_icon_red_hollow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Red-outline heart icon</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Types of love</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affection" title="Affection">Affection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_bonding" title="Human bonding">Bonding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken_heart" title="Broken heart">Broken heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_love" title="Compassionate love">Compassionate love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugal_love" title="Conjugal love">Conjugal love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtly_love" title="Courtly love">Courtly love</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courtship" title="Courtship">courtship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falling_in_love" title="Falling in love">Falling in love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship" title="Friendship">Friendship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-sex_friendship" title="Cross-sex friendship">cross-sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_friendship" title="Romantic friendship">romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend_zone" title="Friend zone">zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_attraction" title="Interpersonal attraction">Interpersonal attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship" title="Interpersonal relationship">Interpersonal relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Intimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerence" title="Limerence">Limerence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_addiction" title="Love addiction">Love addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_at_first_sight" title="Love at first sight">Love at first sight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_triangle" title="Love triangle">Love triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovesickness" title="Lovesickness">Lovesickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovestruck" title="Lovestruck">Lovestruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(emotion)" title="Passion (emotion)">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionate_and_companionate_love" title="Passionate and companionate love">Passionate and companionate love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_love" title="Platonic love">Platonic love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_love" title="Puppy love">Puppy love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queerplatonic_relationship" title="Queerplatonic relationship">Queerplatonic relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-love" title="Self-love">Self-love</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amour_de_soi" title="Amour de soi">Amour de soi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_love" title="Unconditional love">Unconditional love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrequited_love" title="Unrequited love">Unrequited love</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Social views</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Ren_(Confucianism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ren (Confucianism)">Ren</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Yuanfen" title="Yuanfen">Yuanfen</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>French <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Amour-propre" title="Amour-propre">Amour-propre</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_love" title="Greek love">Greek</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">words for love</a></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Eros_(concept)" title="Eros (concept)">Eros</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love#Ludus" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Ludus</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love#Mania" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Mania</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Self-love" title="Self-love">Philautia</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Philia" title="Philia">Philia</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Trust_(social_science)" title="Trust (social science)">Philos</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love#Pragma" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Pragma</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Storge" title="Storge">Storgḗ</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Xenia_(Greek)" title="Xenia (Greek)">Xenia</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Indian <ul><li><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa"><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa"><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa"><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Maitrī</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Islamic <ul><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar"><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_love" title="Jewish views on love">Jewish</a> <ul><li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he"><a href="/wiki/Chesed" title="Chesed">Chesed</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Latin <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Cupid" title="Cupid">Amor</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Charity_(virtue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity (virtue)">Caritas</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Portuguese <ul><li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Saudade" title="Saudade">Saudade</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Yaghan <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mamihlapinatapai" title="Mamihlapinatapai">Mamihlapinatapai</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Color wheel theory of love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biology_of_romantic_love" title="Biology of romantic love">Biology of romantic love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_letter" title="Love letter">Love letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_Christ" title="Love of Christ">Love of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_God" title="Love of God">Love of God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Love of God in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine's Day">Valentine's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_love" title="Philosophy of love">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_love" title="Religious views on love">Religious views</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_love_and_lust_deities" title="List of love and lust deities">love deities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mere-exposure_effect" title="Mere-exposure effect">Mere-exposure effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Similarity_(psychology)" title="Similarity (psychology)">Similarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_attractiveness" title="Physical attractiveness">Physical attractiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_theory_of_love" title="Triangular theory of love">Triangular theory of love</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Love_sidebar" title="Template:Love sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Love_sidebar" title="Template talk:Love sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Love_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Love sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Ancient Greek philosophy</a> differentiates main conceptual forms and distinct words for the <a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a> word <a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">love</a>: <i>agápē</i>, <i>érōs</i>, <i>philía</i>, <i>philautía</i>, <i>storgē</i>, and <i>xenía</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_concepts">List of concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_words_for_love&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though there are more Greek words for love, variants and possibly subcategories, a general summary considering these <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> concepts is: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agápe</a></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀγάπη</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">agápē</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) means "love: esp. unconditional love, charity; the love of God for person and of person for God".<sup id="cite_ref-LiddellScott2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiddellScott2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Agape</i> is used in ancient texts to denote unconditional love, and it was also used to refer to a <a href="/wiki/Love_feast" class="mw-redirect" title="Love feast">love feast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greek_Lexicon_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greek_Lexicon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agape is used by Christians to express the unconditional love of God for His children.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (February 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This type of love was further explained by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> as "to will the good of another".<sup id="cite_ref-newadvent.org_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_eros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek eros">Éros</a></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">ἔρως</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">érōs</i></span>) means "love, mostly of the sexual passion".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Modern Greek word "<i>erotas</i>" means "intimate love". <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> refined his own definition: Although <i>eros</i> is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or and may ultimately transcend particulars to become an appreciation of beauty itself, hence the concept of <a href="/wiki/Platonic_love" title="Platonic love">platonic</a> love to mean "without physical attraction". In Plato's <i><a href="/wiki/Symposium_(Plato)" title="Symposium (Plato)">Symposium</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a> argues that <i>eros</i> helps the <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a> recall its inherent knowledge of ideal beauty and spiritual truth. Thus, the ideal form of youthful beauty arouses erotic desire, but also points toward higher spiritual ideals.<sup id="cite_ref-Penguin2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penguin2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philia" title="Philia">Philia</a></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">φιλία</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">philía</i></span>) means "affectionate regard, friendship", usually "between equals".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a dispassionate virtuous love.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics" title="Nicomachean Ethics">Nicomachean Ethics</a></i>, <i>philia</i> is expressed variously as loyalty to friends ("brotherly love"), family, and community; it requires virtue, equality, and familiarity.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Storge" title="Storge">Storge</a></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">στοργή</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">storgē</i></span>) means "love, affection" and "especially of parents and children".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the common or natural empathy, like that felt by parents for offspring.<sup id="cite_ref-Strong2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strong2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is rarely used in ancient works, almost exclusively to describe family relationships. It may also express mere acceptance or tolerance, as in "loving" the tyrant. It may also describe love of country or enthusiasm for a favorite sports team.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philautia" class="mw-redirect" title="Philautia">Philautia</a></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:φιλαυτία">φιλαυτία</a></span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">philautía</i></span>) means "self-love". To love oneself or "regard for one's own happiness or advantage"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2020)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> has been conceptualized both as a basic human necessity<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">moral flaw</a>, akin to <a href="/wiki/Vanity" title="Vanity">vanity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selfishness" title="Selfishness">selfishness</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> synonymous with <i><a href="/wiki/Amour-propre" title="Amour-propre">amour-propre</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Egotism" title="Egotism">egotism</a>. The Greeks further divided this love into positive and negative: one, the unhealthy version, is the self-obsessed love, and the other is the concept of self-compassion. <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> also considers <i><a href="/wiki/Philautia" class="mw-redirect" title="Philautia">philautia</a></i> to be the root of a general kind of love for family, friends, the enjoyment of an activity, as well as that between lovers.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenia_(Greek)" title="Xenia (Greek)">Xenia</a></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:ξενία">ξενία</a></span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">xenía</i></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">ancient Greek</a> concept of <a href="/wiki/Hospitality" title="Hospitality">hospitality</a>, "guest-friendship", or "ritualized friendship". It was a social institution requiring generosity, gift exchange, and reciprocity.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hospitality towards foreigners and traveling <a href="/wiki/Hellenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenes">Hellenes</a> was understood as a moral obligation under the patronage of Zeus <i>Xenios</i> and Athene <i>Xenia</i>. Many understand the <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a> as a story principally concerned with the concept. For instance, the failure of the <a href="/wiki/Suitors_of_Penelope" title="Suitors of Penelope">Suitors of Penelope</a> to appropriately welcome disguised <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> into his own home can be seen as justification for their subsequent demise.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_words_for_love&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_theory_of_love" class="mw-redirect" title="Color wheel theory of love">Color wheel theory of love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diotima_of_Mantinea" title="Diotima of Mantinea">Diotima of Mantinea</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Loves" title="The Four Loves">The Four Loves</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_love" title="Greek love">Greek love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_virtue" class="mw-redirect" title="Intellectual virtue">Intellectual virtue</a> – Greek words for knowledge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_Peter" title="Restoration of Peter">Restoration of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphic_love" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapphic love">Sapphic love</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_words_for_love&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLiddell,_Henry_GeorgeScott,_Robert" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (eds.). "ἀγάπη". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29ga%2Fph"><i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i></a>. Perseus. Tufts University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%BC%80%CE%B3%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B7&rft.btitle=A+Greek-English+Lexicon&rft.pub=Tufts+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253Da%2529ga%252Fph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+words+for+love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LiddellScott2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LiddellScott2010_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddell,_H._G.Scott,_Robert2010" class="citation book cs1">Liddell, H. G.; Scott, Robert (October 2010). <i>An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon: Founded upon the seventh edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon</i>. Benediction Classics. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84902-626-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84902-626-0"><bdi>978-1-84902-626-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Intermediate+Greek-English+Lexicon%3A+Founded+upon+the+seventh+edition+of+Liddell+and+Scott%27s+Greek-English+Lexicon&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Benediction+Classics&rft.date=2010-10&rft.isbn=978-1-84902-626-0&rft.au=Liddell%2C+H.+G.&rft.au=Scott%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+words+for+love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greek_Lexicon-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greek_Lexicon_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greekbible.com/l.php?a)ga/ph_n-----asf-_p">"Greek Lexicon"</a>. <i>GreekBible.com</i>. The Online Greek Bible<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GreekBible.com&rft.atitle=Greek+Lexicon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greekbible.com%2Fl.php%3Fa%29ga%2Fph_n-----asf-_p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+words+for+love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Romans 5:5, 5:8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newadvent.org-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/summa/2026.htm#article4">"St. Thomas Aquinas, STh I-II, 26, 4, corp. art"</a>. Newadvent.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Thomas+Aquinas%2C+STh+I-II%2C+26%2C+4%2C+corp.+art&rft.pub=Newadvent.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fsumma%2F2026.htm%23article4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+words+for+love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3De%29%2Frws">ἔρως</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Penguin2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Penguin2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlato1973" class="citation book cs1">Plato (1973). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/symposiumtransla00plat"><i>The Symposium</i></a></span>. Translated by Walter Hamilton (Repr. ed.). Harmondsworth, Eng.: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044024-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044024-9"><bdi>978-0-14-044024-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Symposium&rft.place=Harmondsworth%2C+Eng.&rft.edition=Repr.&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-14-044024-9&rft.au=Plato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsymposiumtransla00plat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+words+for+love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dfili%2Fa">φιλία</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Moseley" class="citation web cs1">Alexander Moseley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/love/#SH1b">"Philosophy of Love (Philia)"</a>. <i>Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Philosophy+of+Love+%28Philia%29&rft.au=Alexander+Moseley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iep.utm.edu%2Flove%2F%23SH1b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+words+for+love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dstorgh%2F">στοργή</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strong2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strong2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrong_B.Yarber_W._L.Sayad_B._W.Devault_C.2008" class="citation book cs1">Strong B.; Yarber W. L.; Sayad B. W.; Devault C. (2008). <i>Human sexuality: diversity in contemporary America</i> (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-312911-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-312911-2"><bdi>978-0-07-312911-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+sexuality%3A+diversity+in+contemporary+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=228&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-07-312911-2&rft.au=Strong+B.&rft.au=Yarber+W.+L.&rft.au=Sayad+B.+W.&rft.au=Devault+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+words+for+love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Merriam-Webster dictionary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (March 2020)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs" title="Maslow's hierarchy of needs">Maslow's hierarchy of needs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Kirkpatrick ed., <i>Roget's Thesaurus</i> (1998) p. 592, 639.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Greek world</i>. Anton Powell. London: Routledge. 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-203-04216-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-203-04216-6"><bdi>0-203-04216-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52295939">52295939</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+world&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52295939&rft.isbn=0-203-04216-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+words+for+love" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2020" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Emily (2020). <i>The Odyssey</i>. W.W. Norton. pp. 23–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-54340-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-54340-7"><bdi>978-0-393-54340-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Odyssey&rft.pages=23-29&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-393-54340-7&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Emily&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+words+for+love" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_words_for_love&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/definitionlookup?type=exact&q=love&lang=greek">"English-to-Greek"</a>. <i>Perseus</i>. <q>word search results for love</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perseus&rft.atitle=English-to-Greek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Fdefinitionlookup%3Ftype%3Dexact%26q%3Dlove%26lang%3Dgreek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+words+for+love" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141127144143/http://www.mbcarlington.com/uploads/Greek%20Word%20Study%20on%20Love.pdf">"Definitions [of love]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>mbcarlington.com</i>. Greek word study on Love. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbcarlington.com/uploads/Greek%20Word%20Study%20on%20Love.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-11-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mbcarlington.com&rft.atitle=Definitions+%5Bof+love%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbcarlington.com%2Fuploads%2FGreek%2520Word%2520Study%2520on%2520Love.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreek+words+for+love" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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language">Proto-Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2900</span>–1600 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600</span>–1100 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800</span>–300 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300 BC</span>–AD 330)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">Medieval Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 330</span>–1453)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a> (since 1453)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Central <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadocypriot_Greek" title="Arcadocypriot Greek">Arcadocypriot</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>East <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>West <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric</a></li> <li>Northwest <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_Doric_Greek" title="Achaean Doric Greek">Achaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_Greek" title="Epirote Greek">Epirote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylian_Greek" title="Pamphylian Greek">Pamphylian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Hellenistic Koine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Jewish Koine Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Modern_Greek" title="Varieties of Modern Greek">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Demotic_Greek" title="Demotic Greek">Demotic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katharevousa" title="Katharevousa">Katharevousa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greek" title="Cappadocian Greek">Cappadocian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Misthi,_Cappadocia#Misthiotica_dialect" title="Misthi, Cappadocia">Misthiotika</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Greek" title="Cretan Greek">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himariote_dialect" title="Himariote dialect">Himariote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Greek_dialect" title="Istanbul Greek dialect">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiot_Greek" title="Italiot Greek">Italiot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calabrian_Greek" title="Calabrian Greek">Greco/Calabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griko_language" title="Griko language">Griko/Apulian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniots#Maniot_dialect" title="Maniots">Maniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_Greek" title="Mariupol Greek">Mariupolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek" title="Pontic Greek">Pontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano-Greek language">Romano-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakonian_language" title="Tsakonian language">Tsakonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Australian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Australian dialect">Greco-Australian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phonology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even 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