CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91351289eb67406a',cH: '_RCnoFbCFmJV.dYJ2dj8MvWzENYmVyKRPtTXnETL.h8-1739787915-1.2.1.1-XIZt7ytI_Q2JPyCiGfGyEZ5Qq8pXV1McqFi5Z6MvzajVj2WO7fwrr29qeV72FAJC',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=lattice%20volume&__cf_chl_tk=ojsXZ8kcE3wwiRxfNoobiKPzENSWGfB7xaV3wmoDZXo-1739787915-1.0.1.1-4Z3Kw4yydNN2JV5lrdG8GcBzUHiJEPeeh.cOqvJoReY",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739787915',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=lattice%20volume&__cf_chl_f_tk=ojsXZ8kcE3wwiRxfNoobiKPzENSWGfB7xaV3wmoDZXo-1739787915-1.0.1.1-4Z3Kw4yydNN2JV5lrdG8GcBzUHiJEPeeh.cOqvJoReY",md: "LyKDXzbNAdml2ZteLkdvUkGx7NDk1Xy8sTsoMcFD8YE-1739787915-1.2.1.1-WTbZv2wNco9Tf7j5ShZMhKX0EgestXBnIg2tCDVPAqEv3sQwGuGNTGacKVn9kMUXpMKlMea5E.Iw5wGlfBvHk4nNWNFgnW4mV2gOQhm3gpBPT9vfwFLaSzKrkkJ_yykALpBoqokgfwHvwZTeVyBIkXeDny1AThgSg58C3NL1We_vXzuy0YTlSNpcdkdohtSp5TabVTypIXfgoeRIYWEENUj9IY_MxUS_XNjgSMKjgJp6EbWUa_y1N43NDLZ4A_RKJzyvFjmzAUxVZJ2LATtTA9NLy6lJmtc.OqNaeeZ1_UilozpEC8PUlvRRzl2.3H2tpScYiajHc6gckRpBdDbLt9VXA4RdWyRgGUtabIMeJ0Qfd6QUmQGJNQjzDZO7_mkU5ceuCLCZ47AnPigkri6eQwm_2kwF29ukf.UPmaX5tVVHrG.162TTiNqmqxmgb6Kq_kC2BgZe.s0Uu7tbikgxpBD0EuTwGwugi28GF3Y9uuPl_gKk4DvgLNrP59ifWpw5xMpDD7Xi39nPpMFk7fNwykr1FGsCRyWLLFxnIrA7tJzF1UTQddU2nXx8imKe3Fj1onzmM6wX.hU9yMahLkj87.ENAf8bH9r8Yvm5yDployOFo.ARC8xMkfb8Wi3ZCfXgryZY1yCeijg1RD0RVbOf9rliqJUTFL.FhIMIxyn9HL24MrBxyzGLPWB9wNt2WnowvjL7LIa4_VD6kbk_eUstqsktV6nIdCHuyM_Kk1N9yVZfE.6L2C9KZLmghVq9VHmX.doA4OPFw7nqhXJJi.NvdV.UTlqw5doDwdy5zR.2dEN10BEPVWyLkwPH0fnMfQKh9KVE431Z145cOcwABEzbYlpsjiDHyNYfG8rn9FzkNdjUCCxEePETK1TtSPZ2LVuJY_vdzRFqAV_G6cOXxvaxLDSinLTdGbISaCO3WOwFi0Wib.czxc9UtUzwEWKQgKM_eK_z.rFpAf4EYlnj1MhTjf8j3tUNBmCeexR5wyit4k8qOEpOTo8WJQ8l6xCZOWxHAQctKboCqynVbimlx5PY69NiW4oBJmDVXEmjdKUh3eayMo9v0squ8VQ5H13y9xY_EG5Xfzmdhw6rpMovVvZ3o7jkK9vQxhNQgDdKA188RBkvkWj957JpvWTfzIm2GsF0nAvJRaJQUVEEJVMMK.O.Xrr3UEi0Yl2rrIgdeixnNGOdekBnBuLGDfHPsnK8.MHokyPNv3syrNR9V8UofT7sD_QNdivgJNLA..0Y_I3gSrqHgpInSeTBI6JZzQlnRL3lJ9J9IsgalD5deCHjvyyPQsbogrommjBWbPNObhckbXotsKGZSL90wWcwJ0tUqCT6n35jxu1sMk7Ig6Xl47IiHGO7Nebsz_84x7r0IAzI7HIsuI7gpgaiT9ZR8cK5f6f80c2CqSDsL2wO_OzKlVWitoeAmM76FiTAZ.5cZRNcHr7XJ321HcSIW2yCeqOmsINSIPi3yZEbzZcFLh_YD7wO8TvrIYK3b2YAXOuXcksbn8DhYtJyyTa0cpABfDvSiVrC5q0S1NFhTeXkz7kgasBut1m6.8oDDvK1mXoMs9F53qELJjEElbl165S7yS0TFmNTnC.nqh22eRSsE4o6Pr0rHpp9cP6NSRc_Sd36gZJm3Wxt15w1M7p4j3gMRDwzBIQePCoYYvNkIVxvFE8pjVDF2j.gT_Bf9bdngv6vQOTpa2hfET0QR94a662LnxHkOVb2CRrH4CKNLBp6igGTZS8VOFR2QW7gq7ov4C4EhLXFYVoeeD.wqCkvrFQ3nTtChp8Uxx_iVNotAJCS6kKXUMggL1K9k8o2eufRpSJEAAxk6XfubAuNdslgnLpITv7hcS.lquWzyngOLGsBhrmnugWCK4qp_27cYbFqIhkL4Zp89AzE0DDcyS8AzRHxJ0cjaVA4WLsTDI91SQXGw3CNyVYkbt3HZAB9T2ZG9Dyqwpl3BkM",mdrd: "yPRAEYo2uiUMCoSTY1IByS9G54DRu4ym0OGvCGGYTYs-1739787915-1.2.1.1-vXD1ON2H.tNcfjzSoXDOsqnQ1TT7Ngkj6ypiGkLC5_fls8iSQNOdmc6jiCDoHGKYyZZsDKkf5snp0RQvIAjyUd40DoXAI_M8Vu7DGXhFreThvATNuC51TQHMLWFL6tBHbE92qF7Uoh_1dqlmNZhdIkK4RMH6V4RIiNxfa4m5zCY2kb7wBk9x.u_WikFrgSJjzX9mybIZ5XnL3wGs6yhp01CmgpAPb2_2bXqZpwWDlZ1TQcWHCfdcirkZ_E9k8DCN9Qtwa.M5zx6xCPI9HjFYhs1FkeBnjqMCao79_ijcqcTVJwiRXFJT8KvT_fGRGiP8ccgG4aNTgS6VLpiya.GOb1I.kp0COrNBm0VpKPIUd3WkZIeNttGpdX1hH5G3R76U8vPySYUACyvTI4Gey3AzmQyHYcpXdOohl7OjcdRzG60TNE80AFdMxy0UxqTr1hq4gdCGeL7yWjI2oubZ58X1uXt9mXBp.5pMcdQeW4HJIak.2XpoGMo_1KlPfuhJJhUlvLhcg52wm2U0cX0YlAO3qhHDElrCsaRWjyyau8Qgw0CvIIFQNiMujZsj8242TxZ_FWzAAApikO76sCrb3PfRX1Wbcz6ualpIcDo8JLFmwRxLk1Nj9W1VIAZCXgwksv43rdHfIhgUpl_b3z5qsQyE5Q6RQrq4dB8kvL2mBIIS2q1IX_W4nj7y4Rz0hAP_UCp1ythYYpdJZeBoZpAQxyszVN4IIZ7PshZFqKoSKBI4QgGgun.CNxZSiV5C13QHUC4DBy4GwZvzs1woXqpdBblbHe77gupwblYF0sbojblmTWRrPRM8Lj6Wo.QyPefKz_OBHZfL5gC5aqP7PnJuglQ8LAuj6Rsu3Mq94ggyUYp2TWQDNSPxeS08G2AxDjHhpqOb6025Ih.HylUBRqHCbP_VgCdAFDGwXT3iZjr7bpJz44gqThQJpNxALLpdbTFJpS2DqGUIfh7.hJzhIIfybfTf8HhXTLIxskfm12vepZ5R1Syp5DeEPnKLeR.lFXQ4VxJDg0uwltr7xl8trogWTzgngGOtzv.CPuy_kM0urgtaE4Vu_XTJFZKPxebvZUhYiZIiqTbz6bmCqHJt9vxtWIN_mixiB.SnFQtyY5t.5jWSsgbQ.NaI3r5C3YRWz4Y73Gt6D6YSZsZaM4C4lTeLt.mUq1ngr7WXeWILTnu_Rb9jJqmrJoucXJ0bOTFhB4C1rlfMd2ZoeVHjSHNRM1oqF9avfXOZxKO1rXwww7BDexHX46lYS4SHMamxlpSCM6OuxheigofCT3LyI0EPVPz2dE_xEZK66nt48SjjTUFTSFAv784bmbUoCeGvHBuiGj1v3mHp2CFKm0460_eqFx62E9ObUC2btlLC93LKz0Hm_UU0IRSXpqZE0g6qM6u1bSc3tfpDx3fktpIogma6dMfRR6y14UqaH48mB8eK1aUVfW3Uge5TD7p7W.IVnMJ70wWn1h_Wgk3.G0xggF9hVp0bZcEprNBxRtWb6NBg6mtAa7wV1Y8cH7z8qS1IZ9LyYT1jwg9PqUZacXqSpVENNFyf9Jicr70.3uaNX2tDEfEONw3atWhNk3ZkJrV90WgeqBDVSer1RWmjAnQ2QEmUozpys.7L11v.G3NTlXT7a4usFyxz9E5rvZp6rFxvnagaKLSGDIiIXVk8a51SDTOAf.9ulWZgfoa5zKBhOsgCcTboBACi7KEkbJmEMtirhl9bioL_phYQLWkN7KnAjBZECsvuk7WhrrCWGPitisKll5XUl4acYNLE3FfX4wlgAqDWb8OTC_ejSIay3w04wRq_rZ0ZezMHvGns.A2CLSkO1Pwnuldhg2zHPZ6L96.46yAXbmw7XaBWe4U9VI7eQmRqwXEmaPTtxjVWj9N.J.V4GK5ZLiQEESi0CzqQbS.YDxjgT.XVdWYoGjjleL3N59POvM9WCKaEUSzSSYgtb3JcW3kBk4pEgg9.uH0iAJTxnAV4z.Ap2cM_"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91351289eb67406a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=lattice%20volume&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ojsXZ8kcE3wwiRxfNoobiKPzENSWGfB7xaV3wmoDZXo-1739787915-1.0.1.1-4Z3Kw4yydNN2JV5lrdG8GcBzUHiJEPeeh.cOqvJoReY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>