CINXE.COM
School of Electrical Engineering | Aalto University
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"NRJS-db714826d6dc6f30ac6",applicationID:"439323269"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="Cookiebot" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="7439002e-4a7e-4422-bda9-d575b2a8d8ce" async="async" data-culture="en"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];</script> <meta name="description" content="We are experts in systems science developing integrated solutions from care of the elderly to space robotics." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.aalto.fi/en/school-of-electrical-engineering" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.aalto.fi/en/school-of-electrical-engineering" /> <meta property="og:title" content="School of Electrical Engineering | Aalto University" /> <meta property="og:description" content="We are experts in systems science developing integrated solutions from care of the elderly to space robotics." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.aalto.fi/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_91_1200w_630h_n/public/2019-09/microwave.jpg?h=ee41355b&itok=BfyZot3m" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2018-04-03T12:19:45+03:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="We are experts in systems science developing integrated solutions from care of the elderly to space robotics." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AaltoUniversity" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="School of Electrical Engineering | Aalto University" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.aalto.fi/en/school-of-electrical-engineering" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.aalto.fi/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_91_1200w_630h_n/public/2019-09/microwave.jpg?h=ee41355b&itok=BfyZot3m" /> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="630" /> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.aalto.fi/en/school-of-electrical-engineering" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fi" href="https://www.aalto.fi/fi/sahkotekniikan-korkeakoulu" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://www.aalto.fi/sv/hogskolan-for-elektroteknik" /> <title>School of Electrical Engineering | Aalto University</title> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/favicon-32x32.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/favicon-16x16.png"/> <link rel="manifest" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/site.webmanifest"/> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5e9bce"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/css/css_uAEetioEXD8bgUSCHtPSdrrQyw1YdZWEn_JRTGysJYQ.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJxdjsEOwiAQRH-Ilnjic8iyrC0WWbILif69saJNvUxm3uFlkHlL5JFLo9J8yIwbicUdTwNPAxt9aqO7DaBkAHJjv-c12dMyyEI2Sq-QZ7jBw3x8gZv9tT9BECgxlcWjqnfOXUwFgUWgrvpVHWTupfaQk64Uh-h9atzQnCLJC7HqVR0" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/css/css_wXdiDIETQQ2nxzxzzsvQsiLkxGc4sKkJmAGBxr0rCEY.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJxdjsEOwiAQRH-Ilnjic8iyrC0WWbILif69saJNvUxm3uFlkHlL5JFLo9J8yIwbicUdTwNPAxt9aqO7DaBkAHJjv-c12dMyyEI2Sq-QZ7jBw3x8gZv9tT9BECgxlcWjqnfOXUwFgUWgrvpVHWTupfaQk64Uh-h9atzQnCLJC7HqVR0" /> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","currentPath":"node\/5166","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en","themeUrl":"\/themes\/custom\/aalto_aaltofi"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"gtm":{"tagId":null,"settings":{"data_layer":"dataLayer","include_environment":false},"tagIds":["GTM-N6WP2H"]},"gtag":{"tagId":"","consentMode":false,"otherIds":[],"events":[],"additionalConfigInfo":[]},"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJx1kV1ywyAMhC9kh-mTj8OIH2PFGFEQaX374JomjeO-CO23CyNGAJ5JwlZHFPBXdS9KqATBYHBS5yyHYfj49c2CQRZGj7yKE9ZyCrJt9mdBPWcLSU_vZkZjA9xODF-d9M6Z4iGPCzgrSV2tZjkiN08TzWjrEbINLM5gSxpg8LDaJB5dc2o0EOOIGhgpiINuKQ_BlW2G_IWsp_rOP7zlb8WKBIuB7jkO13Gk8qTnen3HfcN9wy2tiMWj6xyR81YyOOFqOeoLXOH7FS5dhAQuQZyyMKlE8JcnuZQQi_KYJ2u6aNT-lf5nh_2-RDEScR0nr5ntIrYd3AG1Gusw","theme":"aalto_aaltofi","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"aaltoDataLayer":{"aalto_datalayer":{"contType":"hub","contLang":"en","contRestriction":"public","contPublished":"03.04.2018","contHome":"School of Electrical Engineering","hubName":"School of Electrical Engineering"}},"aalto_datalayer_user_metadata_path":"https:\/\/user-metadata.aalto.workers.dev\/","aaltoIENotification":{"notification_text":{"value":"\u003Ch2\u003EOutdated brower detected\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOur system has detected that you are using Internet Explorer or another outdated browser. You can continue to use the site however, we cannot guarantee that the site will work as intended. We recommend that you switch to the supported browser such as Firefox, Chrome, Edge or Safari for a better experience.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"rich_text"},"notification_button":"I am fully aware of this","banner_text":{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIf you continue to use Internet Explorer the site may not work as intended.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"simple_text"},"cookie_name":"aalto_ie_notification","cookie_expiry_days":7},"site":{"enabledLanguages":["fi","sv","en"]},"aaltoEnv":"live","cookieContentBlocker":{"consentAwareness":{"accepted":{"event":{"name":"cookiebotConsentAcceptPreferences","selector":"window"},"cookie":{"operator":"===","name":"cookiebot-consent--preferences","value":"1"}},"declined":{"event":{"name":"cookiebotConsentDeclinePreferences","selector":"window"},"cookie":{"operator":"===","name":"cookiebot-consent--preferences","value":"0"}},"change":{"event":{"name":"","selector":""}}},"categories":[]},"cookiebot":{"message_placeholder_cookieconsent_optout_marketing_show":false,"message_placeholder_cookieconsent_optout_marketing":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cookiebot cookieconsent-optout-marketing\u0022\u003E\n\t\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cookieconsent-optout-marketing__inner\u0022\u003E\n\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\u0022aalto-user-generated-content\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPlease \u003Ca href=\u0022!cookiebot_renew\u0022\u003Eaccept marketing-cookies\u003C\/a\u003E to view this embedded content from \u003Ca href=\u0022!cookiebot_from_src_url\u0022\u003E!cookiebot_from_src_url\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\n\t\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"languageSwitcher":{"modalContent":[]},"slider":{"29856":{"autoPlayEnabled":false}},"pdbVue":{"developmentMode":false},"aalto_authenticated":false,"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"b85d72e4199f75b27ac18b8fe5506e6ab0a74ba835cdd0cff522b3f1c632d78e"}}</script> <script src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/js/js_DfCkfMOQ7GD_oBJrEg5kf3Q72Pc__euBJrpAIsGwbAs.js?scope=header&delta=0&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJx1j1tywzAIRTdklyVprh5WiGWRWjhtdl8l0rhNnP4w3MNwBoCkYuAXzmZTTqw3wpENjXkoEm5hpb3rEw4mi_LEDsqS6SUPTmSuzEnWkNXYJG6umobHjseOu9OiBOIFMRix5-DUTKx99qgT01MaokhMwSgiRV2eI-Jr_sAZ3933e1-ph9A72H-worR3fTshx-1-Z_lidaf62D_872etLYn9W15xxnW4eNvI-Lmxm8cSsLoTTSK6r123QCsWj6NG5XK3HPhD1lw_DdXKlA"></script> </head> <body class="node--type-hub node--5166"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-N6WP2H" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="layout-container"> <header id="header" role="banner" class="header--with-top-nav"> <a href="#main-content" class="aalto-skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="black-overlay"></div> <div class="block block-topnav navigation aalto-header"> <div id="top-nav-sticky-header" class="aalto-header__fixed-container aalto-header__floating-notifications aalto-header--at-top"> <div class="aalto-header__container"> <div class="aalto-header__logo-container"> <a href="/en" class="aalto-header__logo-link" title=Home aria-label=Home rel="home"> <svg class="aalto-header__logo aalto-logo" viewBox="0 0 143 101" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_base/images/aalto_logo.svg#logo"/> </svg> </a> </div> <nav class="aalto-topnav" id="aalto-topnav" aria-labelledby="aalto-topnav-button-text"> <ul class="aalto-topnav__navigation-items aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-topnav__apply"> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__button topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-form"/> </svg> Apply to Aalto </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__support"> <a href="/en/makewaves" class="aalto-topnav__button topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-heart"/> </svg> Support us </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__break"></li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language"> <div class="aalto-dropdown-container js-menu-container aalto-dropdown-container--toggle-hidden-header-mobile aalto-dropdown-container--language"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" class="js-menu-toggle aalto-dropdown__toggle aalto-dropdown__toggle--with_chevron"><span class="aalto-dropdown__toggle-custom-icon"><svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-globe_v2"/></svg></span><span class="aalto-visually-hidden"><span lang="fi">Valitse sivuston kieli</span> / <span lang="sv">Välj webbplatsens språk</span> / <span lang="en">Select site language</span></span><span class="aalto-dropdown__toggle-text " aria-hidden="true">EN</span></button><ul class="aalto-list-unstyled aalto-dropdown__menu"><li><a href="/fi/sahkotekniikan-korkeakoulu" class="aalto-dropdown__link" lang="fi"><abbr title="Suomeksi">FI</abbr><span>Suomeksi</span></a></li><li><a href="/sv/hogskolan-for-elektroteknik" class="aalto-dropdown__link" lang="sv"><abbr title="Svenska">SV</abbr><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li><a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering" class="aalto-dropdown__link" aria-current="true" lang="en"><abbr title="English">EN</abbr><span>English</span></a></li></ul></div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__search"> <div id="aalto-search-button-container"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__button aalto-search__toggle-button" id="aalto-search-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Search"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-magnifier_lens"/> </svg> <span class="aalto-search-button__label">Search</span> </button> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__user"> <a href="/en/saml_login" class="aalto-topnav__button topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_login"/> </svg> Log in </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__menu-items" id="aalto-topnav-items-container"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__button" id="aalto-topnav-button" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-expand"> <svg class="aalto-topnav__button-icon aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-menu_burger"/> </svg> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-text" id="aalto-topnav-button-text">Menu</span> </span> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-collapse"> <svg class="aalto-topnav__button-icon aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-close"/> </svg> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-text">Close menu</span> </span> </button> <div class="aalto-topnav__items" id="aalto-topnav__items"> <ul class="aalto-topnav__item-container aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--desktop"> <a href="/en/student-guide" class="aalto-topnav__button aalto-topnav__action--desktop topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-level"/> </svg> <span>Student Guide</span> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--desktop"> <a href="/en/for-personnel" class="aalto-topnav__button aalto-topnav__action--desktop topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-lock_closed"/> </svg> <span>For personnel</span> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-request aalto-topnav__action-item--desktop"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-info"/> </svg> <span>Aalto community members please <a href="/en/saml_login" class="aalto-topnav__action-request--link aalto-topnav__action--desktop" tabindex="-1">log in</a> to see internal content</span> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Admissions and studies </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Apply to Aalto </a> <a href="/en/study-options" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Find a study programme </a> <a href="/en/admissions" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> How to apply </a> <a href="/en/admission-services/scholarships-and-tuition-fees" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Scholarships and tuition fees </a> <a href="/en/admission-services/applying-to-bachelors-programmes" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Bachelor's admissions </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/applying-to-masters-programmes" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Master's admissions </a> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/how-to-apply-for-doctoral-studies" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Doctoral admissions </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/studying-at-the-aalto-campus" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Campus life </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/fairs-and-events-for-applicants" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Events for applicants </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/chat-with-aalto-students" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Chat with students </a> <a href="https://aaltouniversity.leadfamly.com/sign-up-for-our-newsletter" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Subscribe to newsletter<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/admission-services/contact-information-for-aalto-university-admission-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Contact admission services </a> <a href="/en/lifewide-learning" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Lifewide Learning </a> <a href="/en/international-students/incoming-exchange-students" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Exchange students </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Research and art </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/research-art" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> About our research and art </a> <a href="/en/tenure-track" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Tenure track career system </a> <a href="/en/doctoral-education" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Doctoral education </a> <a href="/en/research-and-learning-infrastructures" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Research and learning infrastructures </a> <a href="https://research.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Research portal research.aalto.fi<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/aalto-university/rankings" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Rankings </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Schools and departments </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Schools</span> <a href="/en/school-of-arts-design-and-architecture" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Arts, Design and Architecture </a> <a href="/en/school-of-business" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Business </a> <a href="/en/school-of-chemical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Chemical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link selected aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="page"> School of Electrical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/school-of-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Engineering </a> <a href="/en/school-of-science" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Science </a> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Departments</span> <a href="/en/department-of-accounting-business-law" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Accounting & Business Law </a> <a href="/en/department-of-applied-physics" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Applied Physics </a> <a href="/en/department-of-architecture" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Architecture </a> <a href="/en/department-of-art-and-media" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Art and Media </a> <a href="/en/department-of-bioproducts-and-biosystems" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Bioproducts and Biosystems </a> <a href="/en/department-of-built-environment" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Built Environment </a> <a href="/en/department-of-chemical-and-metallurgical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-chemistry-and-materials-science" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Chemistry and Materials Science </a> <a href="/en/department-of-civil-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Civil Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-computer-science" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Computer Science </a> <a href="/en/department-of-design" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Design </a> <a href="/en/department-of-economics" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Economics </a> <a href="/en/department-of-electrical-engineering-and-automation" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Electrical Engineering and Automation </a> <a href="/en/department-of-electronics-and-nanoengineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Electronics and Nanoengineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-film-elo" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Film, Television and Scenography </a> <a href="/en/department-of-finance" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Finance </a> <a href="/en/department-of-industrial-engineering-and-management" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Industrial Engineering and Management </a> <a href="/en/department-of-information-and-communications-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Information and Communications Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-information-and-service-management" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Information and Service Management </a> <a href="/en/department-of-management-studies" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Management Studies </a> <a href="/en/department-of-marketing" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Marketing </a> <a href="/en/department-of-mathematics-and-systems-analysis" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Mathematics and Systems Analysis </a> <a href="/en/department-of-energy-and-mechanical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Energy and Mechanical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-neuroscience-and-biomedical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Collaboration </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/collaboration" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Collaborate with us </a> <a href="/en/for-alumni" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> For alumni </a> <a href="/en/corporate-collaboration" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Corporate collaboration </a> <a href="/en/aalto-networking-platform" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto networking platform </a> <a href="/en/advancing-entrepreneurship-and-innovations" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Entrepreneurship and innovations </a> <a href="/en/collaboration/international-academic-collaboration" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> International collaboration </a> <a href="/en/collaboration/collaboration-with-cities-and-regions" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Collaboration with cities and regions </a> <a href="/en/give-for-the-future" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Support us </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> News and events </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/news-and-events" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Highlights </a> <a href="/en/news" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> News </a> <a href="/en/events" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Events </a> <a href="/en/aalto-university/aalto-university-magazine" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto University Magazine </a> <a href="https://ourblogs.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> OurBlogs<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/podcasts" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Podcasts </a> <a href="/en/for-the-media" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> For the media </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> About us </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/aalto-university" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> About Aalto University </a> <a href="/en/strategy" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Our strategy </a> <a href="/en/sustainability" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Sustainability </a> <a href="/en/aalto-university/code-of-conduct-values-into-practice" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Code of Conduct </a> <a href="/en/aalto-handbook" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto Handbook </a> <a href="/en/campus" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Campus </a> <a href="/en/people" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> People and contact information </a> <a href="/en/careers-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Careers </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Tools and services </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/services/quicklinks-to-tools" highlight="1" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-highlighted aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> All tools (requires login) </a> <a href="/en/services" highlight="1" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-highlighted aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> All services </a> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Most used tools</span> <a href="https://ada.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Ada<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://booking.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Asio (booking.aalto.fi)<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://halli.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Halli<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www-sanakirja-fi.libproxy.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> MOT Kielipalvelu (language service)<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://neo.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Neo<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/people" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> People hub </a> <a href="http://phonebook.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Phone book<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://reportfinder.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> PowerBI report finder<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://report.aalto.fi/qlikview/login.htm?_ga=2.168724130.2086739987.1546842233-124934716.1526555948" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Qlikview<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://aalto.rondoservice.fi/dcv-gui/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> DataCycle360 (Rondo)<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.tiima.com/cognito/aalto" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Tiima<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://outlook.office.com/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Webmail<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="http://survey.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Webropol<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://wd3.myworkday.com/aalto/d/home.htmld" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Workday<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Most used services</span> <a href="/en/services/hr-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> HR services </a> <a href="/en/it-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> IT Services </a> <a href="/en/services/learning-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Learning services </a> <a href="/en/learning-centre" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Library - Learning Centre </a> <a href="/en/services/occupational-health-care" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Occupational health </a> <a href="/en/services/printing-at-aalto-university" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Printing </a> <a href="/en/services/research-and-innovation-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Research and innovation services </a> <a href="/en/teaching-and-learning" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Teaching and learning services </a> <a href="/en/services/travel-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Travel services </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">For students</span> <a href="https://sisu.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Sisu<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://mycourses.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> MyCourses<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://mystudies.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> MyStudies<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://courses.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Browse all courses<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Other</span> <a href="/en/services/aalto-space-mobile-application" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto Space </a> <a href="https://shop.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto University Shop<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://brand.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Brand library and design system<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.lounaat.info/otaniemi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Lunch menus<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Safety and emergencies</span> <a href="/en/security" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Emergencies </a> <a href="/en/services/incident-report" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Incident report </a> <a href="/en/cyber-security" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Cyber Security </a> <a href="/en/cyber-security/report-an-information-security-incident" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Cyber Security incident report </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-globe" /> </svg> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering" class="aalto-button aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1" aria-current="true" lang="en"> <abbr title="English">EN</abbr> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/fi/sahkotekniikan-korkeakoulu" class="aalto-button aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1" lang="fi"> <abbr title="Suomeksi">FI</abbr> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/sv/hogskolan-for-elektroteknik" class="aalto-button aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1" lang="sv"> <abbr title="Svenska">SV</abbr> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--first aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-form" /> </svg> Apply to Aalto </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/makewaves" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-heart"/> </svg> Support us </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/student-guide" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-level" /> </svg> Student Guide </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/for-personnel" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-lock_closed"/> </svg> For personnel </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-request aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-info"/> </svg> <span>Aalto community members please log in to see internal content</span> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/saml_login" class="aalto-button aalto-button--primary aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="aalto-search"> <div class="aalto-search__container aalto-search__container--hidden" id="search-container"> <div class="aalto-search__header content-container"> <label class="aalto-search__label" for="aalto-search__input">Search</label> <button type="button" class="aalto-search__close" id="aalto-search-close" aria-label="Close search"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-close"/> </svg> </button> </div> <div id="aalto-quicksearch"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-search__overlay" id="aalto-search-overlay"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="top-nav-sticky-header-dummy"></div> </div> </header> <div class="layout-content "> <main> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="region region--content"> <div id="block-aalto-aaltofi-aaltoquicksearch" class="block block-pdb-vue block-vue-componentaalto-quick-search"> <div class="aalto-quick-search" id="aaceb49e-86a1-4234-b62c-d5f3a856aeef"><div id="aalto-quicksearch2"></div> </div> </div> <div id="aalto-sidenav-title" class="aalto-sidenav-title aalto-header--at-top"> <button class="aalto-sidenav__toggle" id="hide-sidenav" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="sidenav"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-side_panel_hide" /> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Close side navigation</span> </button> <button class="aalto-sidenav__toggle hidden" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav" id="show-sidenav"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-side_panel_show" /> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Open side navigation</span> </button> <h1>School of Electrical Engineering</h1> </div> <div class="content-wrapper"> <div id="aalto-sidenav" class="aalto-sidenav open"> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled is-collapsed aalto-sidenav__links"> <li class="is-active active-trail aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering" aria-current="page"> School of Electrical Engineering home </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/departments" > Departments </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/research-at-the-school-of-electrical-engineering" > Research </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__has-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/study-electrical-engineering" > Study options </a> <div class="aalto-sidenav__accordion-title-container is-closed"> <button class="accordion__title aalto-sidenav__submenu-toggle is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle sub navigation Study options</span> </button> </div> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled is-collapsed aalto-sidenav__submenu"> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/bachelors-level-studies-in-the-school-of-electrical-engineering" > Bachelor's level studies </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/masters-level-studies-in-the-school-of-electrical-engineering" > Master's level studies </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/become-a-doctoral-researcher-at-the-school-of-electrical-engineering" > Doctoral education </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/news-and-events" > News and events </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/about-us-0" > About us </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__has-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/collaborate-with-the-school-of-electrical-engineering" > Collaboration </a> <div class="aalto-sidenav__accordion-title-container is-closed"> <button class="accordion__title aalto-sidenav__submenu-toggle is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle sub navigation Collaboration</span> </button> </div> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled is-collapsed aalto-sidenav__submenu"> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/for-alumni" > For alumni </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/contact-information-and-services" > Contact us </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="aalto-hub aalto-hub--with-sidenav"> <div class="aalto-magazine-wrapper"> <section class="hero-carousel splide"> <div class="splide__track"> <div class="splide__list magazine__items"> <div class="magazine__single-item splide__slide"><div class="aalto-magazine"> <div class="magazine__text-wrap "> <div class="magazine__text-container"> <h2 class="magazine__header">Get ready for master’s application period </h2> <p class="magazine__summary">The application period for Aalto University's master's programmes starts on 28 Nov 2024. Get to know our programmes and find your favourite! </p> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="magazine__link-item"> <a class="magazine__link" href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/masters-level-studies-in-the-school-of-electrical-engineering"> <svg class="magazine__link-icon" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_right" /></svg> Master's level studies in electrical engineering </a> </li> <li class="magazine__link-item"> <a class="magazine__link" href="https://aaltouniversity.leadfamly.com/sign-up-for-our-newsletter"> <svg class="magazine__link-icon" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_right" /></svg> Sign up for the applicant’s newsletter<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-magazine-image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_464w_464h_d/public/2023-10/Aalto_University_ELEC_Microwave_Anechoic_Chamber_6-6-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=M18Z3P1d 464w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_684w_684h_d/public/2023-10/Aalto_University_ELEC_Microwave_Anechoic_Chamber_6-6-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?itok=GfpeD62B 684w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_798w_798h_d/public/2023-10/Aalto_University_ELEC_Microwave_Anechoic_Chamber_6-6-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?itok=z5YW-Ar5 798w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_1064w_1064h_d/public/2023-10/Aalto_University_ELEC_Microwave_Anechoic_Chamber_6-6-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?itok=pf3vi3-B 1064w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_1368w_1368h_d/public/2023-10/Aalto_University_ELEC_Microwave_Anechoic_Chamber_6-6-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?itok=n-Xdj3iW 1368w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_1596w_1596h_d/public/2023-10/Aalto_University_ELEC_Microwave_Anechoic_Chamber_6-6-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?itok=tSUwhjhA 1596w" media="all and (min-width: 900px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="calc((100vw - 80px - 80px) / 2)" width="798" height="798"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_464w_464h_d/public/2023-10/Aalto_University_ELEC_Microwave_Anechoic_Chamber_6-6-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=M18Z3P1d 464w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_684w_684h_d/public/2023-10/Aalto_University_ELEC_Microwave_Anechoic_Chamber_6-6-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?itok=GfpeD62B 684w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_798w_798h_d/public/2023-10/Aalto_University_ELEC_Microwave_Anechoic_Chamber_6-6-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?itok=z5YW-Ar5 798w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_1064w_1064h_d/public/2023-10/Aalto_University_ELEC_Microwave_Anechoic_Chamber_6-6-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?itok=pf3vi3-B 1064w" media="all and (max-width: 899px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 745px) calc((100vw - 40px - 40px) / 2), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 16px - 16px), 320px" width="798" height="798"/> <img loading="eager" data-original-width="2500" data-original-height="1668" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_464w_464h_d/public/2023-10/Aalto_University_ELEC_Microwave_Anechoic_Chamber_6-6-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=M18Z3P1d" width="464" height="464" alt="Microwave anechoic chamber. Photo: Mikko Raskinen" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--text-text" lang="en" style=""> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="text-text"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>Care robots, speech recognition, micromaterials, galaxies near and far away – the School of Electrical Engineering is so much more than electricity and smart power grids, as we study many topics you might not initially associate with the electrical industry. We take part in solving the great challenges humanity is facing, such as climate change, the depletion of natural resources and an aging population. </p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--automatic-liftup aalto-component-wrapper--automatic-liftup-highlight" lang="en" style=""> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout aalto-tiles-layout--content-highlights "> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__top content-container"> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__top-column"> <h2 class="aalto-tiles-layout__header"> News highlights </h2> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__description"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>You can find all the news related to the School of Electrical Engineering <a href="/en/listing/449201">here</a>.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__items-container"> <div class="aalto-tile-container"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-wrapper"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-container"> <div class="aalto-tile__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/Aalto_University_Anechoic_Chambers_at_Acoustics_Labs_26-1-2020_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_004.jpg?h=430eb02b&itok=bADC4dKl 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-11/Aalto_University_Anechoic_Chambers_at_Acoustics_Labs_26-1-2020_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_004.jpg?h=430eb02b&itok=wOGt545K 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-11/Aalto_University_Anechoic_Chambers_at_Acoustics_Labs_26-1-2020_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_004.jpg?h=430eb02b&itok=u-it9GAH 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-11/Aalto_University_Anechoic_Chambers_at_Acoustics_Labs_26-1-2020_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_004.jpg?h=430eb02b&itok=F9sjIMQl 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2500" data-original-height="1667" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/Aalto_University_Anechoic_Chambers_at_Acoustics_Labs_26-1-2020_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_004.jpg?h=430eb02b&itok=bADC4dKl" width="288" height="125" alt="Room with multiple speakers mounted on metal frames in a circular arrangement. A stool and a grid platform are in the center." /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__text-container aalto-tile__text-container--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__meta"> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--category"> Press releases </span> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--label"> Published: <time datetime="2024-11-20T07:35:48+02:00">20.11.2024</time> </span> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__overflow-container aalto-tile__overflow-container--news"> <h3 class="aalto-tile__title"> <a class="aalto-tile__link" href="/en/news/new-technology-brings-immersive-audio-to-everyones-pockets" title="New technology brings immersive audio to everyone’s pockets"> New technology brings immersive audio to everyone’s pockets</a> </h3> <span class="aalto-tile__summary"> A new type of sound recording technology allows recording of immersive soundscapes with ordinary microphones and an inexpensive accessory </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile-container"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-wrapper"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-container"> <div class="aalto-tile__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/21x28.7cm-300DPI-TIFF.png?h=4908eaec&itok=3mwa7NA2 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-11/21x28.7cm-300DPI-TIFF.png?h=4908eaec&itok=b2hggEax 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-11/21x28.7cm-300DPI-TIFF.png?h=4908eaec&itok=M2R_sVQh 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-11/21x28.7cm-300DPI-TIFF.png?h=4908eaec&itok=esUroPY4 819w" media="all" type="image/png" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2300" data-original-height="1683" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/21x28.7cm-300DPI-TIFF.png?h=4908eaec&itok=3mwa7NA2" width="288" height="125" alt="Colourful shapes that represent photonic time crystals" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__text-container aalto-tile__text-container--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__meta"> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--category"> Press releases </span> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--label"> Published: <time datetime="2024-11-12T12:22:38+02:00">12.11.2024</time> </span> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__overflow-container aalto-tile__overflow-container--news"> <h3 class="aalto-tile__title"> <a class="aalto-tile__link" href="/en/news/a-breakthrough-in-photonic-time-crystals-could-change-how-we-use-and-control-light" title="A breakthrough in photonic time crystals could change how we use and control light"> A breakthrough in photonic time crystals could change how we use and control light</a> </h3> <span class="aalto-tile__summary"> The new discovery could dramatically enhance technologies like lasers, sensor, and optical computing in the near future. </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--single-liftup-large" lang="en" style=""> <div class="aalto-single-liftup aalto-single-liftup--l" style=""> <div class="aalto-single-liftup__hero-image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_1040w_452h_d/public/2020-03/unto_rautio_aalto_unt9321_weblarge.jpg?h=e2f6c173&itok=ZW7vCZ3T 1040w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_1200w_522h_d/public/2020-03/unto_rautio_aalto_unt9321_weblarge.jpg?h=e2f6c173&itok=X4YImus7 1200w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_1380w_600h_d/public/2020-03/unto_rautio_aalto_unt9321_weblarge.jpg?h=e2f6c173&itok=wAuE_6ZV 1380w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_1800w_783h_d/public/2020-03/unto_rautio_aalto_unt9321_weblarge.jpg?h=e2f6c173&itok=pft_JJRf 1800w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_2560w_1113h_d/public/2020-03/unto_rautio_aalto_unt9321_weblarge.jpg?h=e2f6c173&itok=lG0j98fh 2560w" media="all and (min-width: 900px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="90vw" width="1380" height="600"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_410w_256h_d/public/2020-03/unto_rautio_aalto_unt9321_weblarge.jpg?h=e2f6c173&itok=DkD-Y-Z8 410w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_567w_354h_d/public/2020-03/unto_rautio_aalto_unt9321_weblarge.jpg?h=e2f6c173&itok=kkg8wlE7 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_600w_375h_d/public/2020-03/unto_rautio_aalto_unt9321_weblarge.jpg?h=e2f6c173&itok=9vbWiCgv 600w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_899w_562h_d/public/2020-03/unto_rautio_aalto_unt9321_weblarge.jpg?h=e2f6c173&itok=Igc2uoPd 899w" media="all and (max-width: 899px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 320px) 90vw, 320px" width="899" height="562"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2499" data-original-height="1562" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_410w_256h_d/public/2020-03/unto_rautio_aalto_unt9321_weblarge.jpg?h=e2f6c173&itok=DkD-Y-Z8" width="410" height="256" alt="kuva: opiskelijoita työskentelemässä" /> </picture> </div> <div class="component-container"> <div class="aalto-single-liftup__text-container"> <div class="aalto-single-liftup__column__text"> <div class="aalto-single-liftup__body"> <h2>Study electrical engineering</h2> <p>Electricity is everywhere, and our society would not function without it. As a student at the School of Electrical Engineering, you can find solutions to issues related to sustainable development and human well-being. </p> </div> </div> <div> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/study-electrical-engineering" class="highlight">See our study options</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="full-bleed-container"> <div class="aalto-hr"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--image-with-text-default" lang="en" style=""> <div class="image-with-text-default image-with-text-default--media-on-right "> <div class="image-with-text-wrapper"> <figure class="image-with-text-default__image-container"> <div class=""> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_567w_ah_n/public/2023-04/Aalto_University_Factory_of_the_Future_28-9-2021_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_009_0.jpg?itok=5vB-Tpby 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_690w_ah_n/public/2023-04/Aalto_University_Factory_of_the_Future_28-9-2021_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_009_0.jpg?itok=Txmns6az 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_819w_ah_n/public/2023-04/Aalto_University_Factory_of_the_Future_28-9-2021_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_009_0.jpg?itok=vkeALG3c 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 1540px) 690px, (min-width: 900px) calc(50vw - 80px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="546"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="4000" data-original-height="2668" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_567w_ah_n/public/2023-04/Aalto_University_Factory_of_the_Future_28-9-2021_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_009_0.jpg?itok=5vB-Tpby" width="567" height="378" alt="Aalto Factory of the Future. Photo: Mikko Raskinen" /> </picture> </div> </figure> <div class="image-with-text-default__text"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><h2>Get to know our research: our departments and Metsähovi Radio Observatory</h2> <p>Our research is based on excellent cooperation, and we have exceptionally good connections to the business world. Here at the School of Electrical Engineering our students and researchers get a chance to roll up their sleeves, because we conduct a lot of applied research in addition to theoretical research. Our investments in first-class facilities and research equipment ensure that our hard work will help society evolve. </p> <p>The School of Electrical Engineering has three departments and one separate unite.</p> <p><a href="/en/node/179066">Read more about our research and departments.</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--slider" lang="en" style=""> <section class="splide aalto-slider aalto-slider--small " id="29856" aria-labelledby="slider-title-id-783555258"> <div class="aalto-slider__header"> <h2 id="slider-title-id-783555258"> Our key figures </h2> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__container"> <div class="article-container"> <div class="splide__arrows aalto-slider__controls-wrapper"> <div class="aalto-slider__controls"> <button class="aalto-slider__chevron splide__arrow splide__arrow--prev" type="button"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="aalto-slider__chevron__icon aalto-slider__chevron__icon--prev aalto-inline-icon"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_chevron_up" /></svg> </button> <div class="aalto-slider__nav-dots-container"> <ul class="splide__pagination aalto-slider__nav-dots no-list-styles"></ul> </div> <button class="aalto-slider__chevron splide__arrow splide__arrow--next" type="button"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="aalto-slider__chevron__icon aalto-inline-icon"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_chevron_up" /></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="splide__track"> <div class="aalto-slider__items splide__list"> <div class="aalto-slider__item splide__slide"> <div class="aalto-slider__item__image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/slider_small/public/2022-02/Professoreiden_m%C3%A4%C3%A4r%C3%A4_21.PNG?h=bd817934&itok=4IjaXLGc" width="800" height="800" alt="The amount of professors has increased 71 percent." /> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__item__text-container"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>Since 2010 the amount of our professors has risen from 35 to 60 professors (+71%).</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__item splide__slide"> <div class="aalto-slider__item__image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/slider_small/public/2020-11/Henkil%C3%B6st%C3%B6m%C3%A4%C3%A4r%C3%A4-ELEC.PNG?h=a79859a4&itok=ABX9tvxc" width="800" height="800" alt="Our personnel consists of 700 people." /> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__item__text-container"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>Our personnel consists of 700 people.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__item splide__slide"> <div class="aalto-slider__item__image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/slider_small/public/2024-02/Tutkinto-opiskelijoiden%20m%C3%A4%C3%A4r%C3%A4%202023_0.png?h=0fa0261b&itok=EUHYxUBr" width="800" height="800" alt="Degree students in 2023: 2274" /> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__item__text-container"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>Number of students. (Full-time equivalent students and the doctoral students.)</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__item splide__slide"> <div class="aalto-slider__item__image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/slider_small/public/2024-02/Kanditutkinnot%202023_0.png?h=1c301238&itok=TjiYK1im" width="800" height="800" alt="Bachelor's degrees in the School of Electrical Engineering 2023: 239" /> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__item__text-container"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>239 Bachelor’s degrees in 2023.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__item splide__slide"> <div class="aalto-slider__item__image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/slider_small/public/2024-02/Maisteritutkinnot%202023_0.png?h=43de64eb&itok=5XfmEnby" width="800" height="800" alt="Master's degrees in the School of Electrical Engineering 2023: 253" /> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__item__text-container"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>253 Master’s degrees in 2023.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__item splide__slide"> <div class="aalto-slider__item__image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/slider_small/public/2024-02/Tohtoritutkinnot%202023_0.png?h=8edeabf6&itok=abUno-rY" width="800" height="800" alt="Doctoral degree in the School of Electrical Engineering: 43" /> </div> <div class="aalto-slider__item__text-container"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>43 Doctoral degrees in 2023.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-liftups-auto-news paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--automatic-liftup aalto-component-wrapper--automatic-liftup-news" style=""> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout aalto-tiles-layout--automatic-liftups "> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__top content-container"> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__top-column"> <h2 class="aalto-tiles-layout__header">Latest news </h2> </div> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__top-column aalto-tiles-layout__top-column--text"> <a class="aalto-button aalto-tiles-layout__button--see-all" href="/en/listing/449201">See all</a> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__items-container"> <div class="aalto-tile-container"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-wrapper"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-container"> <div class="aalto-tile__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/IMG_5889.jpg?h=29234840&itok=Lwz6m48p 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-11/IMG_5889.jpg?h=29234840&itok=T_eTpV4- 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-11/IMG_5889.jpg?h=29234840&itok=fEAeqej1 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-11/IMG_5889.jpg?h=29234840&itok=0kcHuMby 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="1280" data-original-height="960" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/IMG_5889.jpg?h=29234840&itok=Lwz6m48p" width="288" height="125" alt="A handbook on the counter of a shop. " /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__text-container aalto-tile__text-container--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__meta"> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--category"> Campus, Research & Art </span> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--label"> Published: <time datetime="2024-11-22T12:35:14+02:00">22.11.2024</time> </span> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__overflow-container aalto-tile__overflow-container--news"> <h3 class="aalto-tile__title"> <a class="aalto-tile__link" href="/en/news/unites-open-science-and-innovation-management-handbook-now-available-online-and-in-print" title="Unite!’s Open Science and Innovation Management Handbook now available online and in print"> Unite!’s Open Science and Innovation Management Handbook now available online and in print</a> </h3> <span class="aalto-tile__summary"> The handbook is a practical guide for university researchers, R&I support services, and university managers. </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile-container"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-wrapper"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-container"> <div class="aalto-tile__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/Katajanokka_Sokos_hotelli_Pier4_kattopuisto_citygreen_roof_20-9-2024_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_008.jpg?h=7f408626&itok=uNBsDp0v 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-11/Katajanokka_Sokos_hotelli_Pier4_kattopuisto_citygreen_roof_20-9-2024_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_008.jpg?h=7f408626&itok=j5VtP3uU 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-11/Katajanokka_Sokos_hotelli_Pier4_kattopuisto_citygreen_roof_20-9-2024_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_008.jpg?h=7f408626&itok=XLQQK8Jd 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-11/Katajanokka_Sokos_hotelli_Pier4_kattopuisto_citygreen_roof_20-9-2024_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_008.jpg?h=7f408626&itok=0PHqerxh 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2500" data-original-height="1872" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/Katajanokka_Sokos_hotelli_Pier4_kattopuisto_citygreen_roof_20-9-2024_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_008.jpg?h=7f408626&itok=uNBsDp0v" width="288" height="125" alt="Aerial view of a coastal cityscape with a Ferris wheel, modern buildings, and a blue sky above calm waters." /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__text-container aalto-tile__text-container--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__meta"> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--category"> Cooperation </span> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--label"> Published: <time datetime="2024-11-22T10:18:14+02:00">22.11.2024</time> </span> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__overflow-container aalto-tile__overflow-container--news"> <h3 class="aalto-tile__title"> <a class="aalto-tile__link" href="/en/news/the-quorum-project-addresses-urban-water-and-climate-challenges-through-interdisciplinary" title="The QUORUM project addresses urban water and climate challenges through interdisciplinary collaboration within Unite! universities "> The QUORUM project addresses urban water and climate challenges through interdisciplinary collaboration within Unite! universities </a> </h3> <span class="aalto-tile__summary"> The project has received funding from Unite! Seed Fund. </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile-container"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-wrapper"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-container"> <div class="aalto-tile__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/workshop-tutorial.jpg?h=2f2a19df&itok=O6CRb2kL 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-11/workshop-tutorial.jpg?h=2f2a19df&itok=ZOaewtBt 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-11/workshop-tutorial.jpg?h=2f2a19df&itok=8kkV30AI 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-11/workshop-tutorial.jpg?h=2f2a19df&itok=SFUHx6-q 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="1700" data-original-height="1280" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/workshop-tutorial.jpg?h=2f2a19df&itok=O6CRb2kL" width="288" height="125" alt="People working and interacting in a classroom setting with large windows and a concrete ceiling." /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__text-container aalto-tile__text-container--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__meta"> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--category"> Studies </span> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--label"> Published: <time datetime="2024-11-21T14:56:27+02:00">21.11.2024</time> </span> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__overflow-container aalto-tile__overflow-container--news"> <h3 class="aalto-tile__title"> <a class="aalto-tile__link" href="/en/news/gaming-gloves-and-a-hugging-shirt-aalto-researchers-held-a-smart-wearables-workshop-for-chilean" title="Gaming gloves and a hugging shirt – Aalto researchers held a smart wearables workshop for Chilean students "> Gaming gloves and a hugging shirt – Aalto researchers held a smart wearables workshop for Chilean students </a> </h3> <span class="aalto-tile__summary"> Watch the videos of the students' creative projects! </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile-container"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-wrapper"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-container"> <div class="aalto-tile__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/Aalto_University_Anechoic_Chambers_at_Acoustics_Labs_26-1-2020_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_004.jpg?h=430eb02b&itok=bADC4dKl 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-11/Aalto_University_Anechoic_Chambers_at_Acoustics_Labs_26-1-2020_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_004.jpg?h=430eb02b&itok=wOGt545K 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-11/Aalto_University_Anechoic_Chambers_at_Acoustics_Labs_26-1-2020_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_004.jpg?h=430eb02b&itok=u-it9GAH 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-11/Aalto_University_Anechoic_Chambers_at_Acoustics_Labs_26-1-2020_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_004.jpg?h=430eb02b&itok=F9sjIMQl 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2500" data-original-height="1667" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-11/Aalto_University_Anechoic_Chambers_at_Acoustics_Labs_26-1-2020_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_004.jpg?h=430eb02b&itok=bADC4dKl" width="288" height="125" alt="Room with multiple speakers mounted on metal frames in a circular arrangement. A stool and a grid platform are in the center." /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__text-container aalto-tile__text-container--news"> <div class="aalto-tile__meta"> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--category"> Press releases </span> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--label"> Published: <time datetime="2024-11-20T07:35:48+02:00">20.11.2024</time> </span> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__overflow-container aalto-tile__overflow-container--news"> <h3 class="aalto-tile__title"> <a class="aalto-tile__link" href="/en/news/new-technology-brings-immersive-audio-to-everyones-pockets" title="New technology brings immersive audio to everyone’s pockets"> New technology brings immersive audio to everyone’s pockets</a> </h3> <span class="aalto-tile__summary"> A new type of sound recording technology allows recording of immersive soundscapes with ordinary microphones and an inexpensive accessory </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile-container aalto-tile-container--see-all"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--see-all"> <div class="aalto-tile__see-all-icon-container"><svg class="aalto-tile__see-all-icon aalto-inline-icon"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_chevron_up" /></svg></div> <a class="aalto-tile__see-all-text" href="/en/listing/449201">See all</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-liftups-auto-event paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--automatic-liftup aalto-component-wrapper--automatic-liftup-event" style=""> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout aalto-tiles-layout--automatic-liftups "> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__top content-container"> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__top-column"> <h2 class="aalto-tiles-layout__header">Join the events</h2> </div> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__top-column aalto-tiles-layout__top-column--text"> <a class="aalto-button aalto-tiles-layout__button--see-all" href="/en/listing/449206">See all</a> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tiles-layout__items-container"> <div class="aalto-tile-container"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--event"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-wrapper"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-container"> <div class="aalto-tile-event__date-plane"> <time class="aalto-date-line" datetime="2024-11-22T12:00:00+02:00"> <span class="aalto-date-line__start">22.11.</span> </time> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__image-container aalto-tile-event__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_444w_247h_d/public/2024-10/Voipio_defence.jpg?h=d3c12a82&itok=aVpAICAw 444w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_540w_300h_d/public/2024-10/Voipio_defence.jpg?h=d3c12a82&itok=PNm-5Scj 540w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_641w_356h_d/public/2024-10/Voipio_defence.jpg?h=d3c12a82&itok=-mM3vlFK 641w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 1540px) 690px, (min-width: 900px) calc(50vw - 80px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="641" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2976" data-original-height="2158" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_444w_247h_d/public/2024-10/Voipio_defence.jpg?h=d3c12a82&itok=aVpAICAw" width="444" height="247" alt="This picture shows testing how well the ground penetrating measurements work. The depth of the lake and the layers in the lake bottom are expected to be visible in the measurement profile. The ground penetrating radar that was constructed during the dissertation work is in a plastic box in the middle of the raft. The author of the dissertation Veli Voipio is in the picture. " /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__text-container aalto-tile__text-container--event"> <div class="aalto-tile__meta"> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--category"> Public defences </span> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--label"> <time datetime="2024-11-22T12:00:00+02:00">22.11.2024 12:00</time> – <time datetime="2024-11-22T15:00:00+02:00">15:00</time> </span> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__overflow-container aalto-tile__overflow-container--event"> <h3 class="aalto-tile__title"> <a class="aalto-tile__link" href="/en/events/public-defence-in-radio-science-and-engineering-licsctech-veli-voipio" title="Public defence in Radio Science and Engineering, Lic.Sc.(Tech.) Veli Voipio"> Public defence in Radio Science and Engineering, Lic.Sc.(Tech.) Veli Voipio </a> </h3> <span class="aalto-tile__summary"> The Gopher Antenna: A New Type of Ground Penetrating Radar Antenna (title of the thesis) </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile-container"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--event"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-wrapper"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-container"> <div class="aalto-tile-event__date-plane"> <time class="aalto-date-line" datetime="2024-11-28T14:00:00+02:00"> <span class="aalto-date-line__start">28.11.</span> </time> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__image-container aalto-tile-event__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_444w_247h_d/public/2024-11/MakingWaves_UL_web.png?h=d71534a1&itok=x6hfjyhq 444w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_540w_300h_d/public/2024-11/MakingWaves_UL_web.png?h=d71534a1&itok=Xbtr-HFK 540w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_641w_356h_d/public/2024-11/MakingWaves_UL_web.png?h=d71534a1&itok=dMd4TtJG 641w" media="all" type="image/png" sizes="(min-width: 1540px) 690px, (min-width: 900px) calc(50vw - 80px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="641" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="914" data-original-height="457" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_444w_247h_d/public/2024-11/MakingWaves_UL_web.png?h=d71534a1&itok=x6hfjyhq" width="444" height="247" alt="Unsupervised learning - Making Waves event flyer" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__text-container aalto-tile__text-container--event"> <div class="aalto-tile__meta"> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--category"> Academic events, Lectures and seminars, Languages and multiculturality </span> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--label"> <time datetime="2024-11-28T14:00:00+02:00">28.11.2024 14:00</time> – <time datetime="2024-11-28T15:30:00+02:00">15:30</time> </span> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__overflow-container aalto-tile__overflow-container--event"> <h3 class="aalto-tile__title"> <a class="aalto-tile__link" href="/en/events/unsupervised-learning-making-waves-thu-28112024" title="Unsupervised Learning - Making Waves Thu 28/11/2024"> Unsupervised Learning - Making Waves Thu 28/11/2024 </a> </h3> <span class="aalto-tile__summary"> How can we create an environment where diverse team members, with different backgrounds and perspectives, can thrive and collaborate effectively? </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile-container"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--event"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-wrapper"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-container"> <div class="aalto-tile-event__date-plane"> <time class="aalto-date-line" datetime="2024-11-29T12:00:00+02:00"> <span class="aalto-date-line__start">29.11.</span> </time> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__image-container aalto-tile-event__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_444w_247h_d/public/2023-05/Aalto_Lisa%CC%88_Kuvitukset_Podium_Vaaka.jpg?h=98d0264f&itok=a3YBZjkk 444w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_540w_300h_d/public/2023-05/Aalto_Lisa%CC%88_Kuvitukset_Podium_Vaaka.jpg?h=98d0264f&itok=qzIMp1Hw 540w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_641w_356h_d/public/2023-05/Aalto_Lisa%CC%88_Kuvitukset_Podium_Vaaka.jpg?h=98d0264f&itok=lSAvO8uF 641w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 1540px) 690px, (min-width: 900px) calc(50vw - 80px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="641" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="3751" data-original-height="2293" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_444w_247h_d/public/2023-05/Aalto_Lisa%CC%88_Kuvitukset_Podium_Vaaka.jpg?h=98d0264f&itok=a3YBZjkk" width="444" height="247" alt="Doctoral hat floating above a speaker's podium with a microphone" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__text-container aalto-tile__text-container--event"> <div class="aalto-tile__meta"> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--category"> Public defences </span> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--label"> <time datetime="2024-11-29T12:00:00+02:00">29.11.2024 12:00</time> – <time datetime="2024-11-29T15:00:00+02:00">15:00</time> </span> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__overflow-container aalto-tile__overflow-container--event"> <h3 class="aalto-tile__title"> <a class="aalto-tile__link" href="/en/events/public-defence-in-measurement-science-and-technology-msc-kinza-maham" title="Public defence in Measurement Science and Technology, M.Sc. Kinza Maham "> Public defence in Measurement Science and Technology, M.Sc. Kinza Maham </a> </h3> <span class="aalto-tile__summary"> Improved Calibration and Uncertainty Estimation Methods for Optical Radiometry (title of the thesis) </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile-container"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--event"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-wrapper"> <div class="aalto-tile__top-container"> <div class="aalto-tile-event__date-plane"> <time class="aalto-date-line" datetime="2024-11-29T12:00:00+02:00"> <span class="aalto-date-line__start">29.11.</span> </time> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__image-container aalto-tile-event__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_444w_247h_d/public/2024-11/LEal_ROBOTON.jpg?h=f405c703&itok=ed6cXBX0 444w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_540w_300h_d/public/2024-11/LEal_ROBOTON.jpg?h=f405c703&itok=sFrlwDb1 540w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_641w_356h_d/public/2024-11/LEal_ROBOTON.jpg?h=f405c703&itok=0934E-MY 641w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 1540px) 690px, (min-width: 900px) calc(50vw - 80px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="641" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="3000" data-original-height="3000" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_8_444w_247h_d/public/2024-11/LEal_ROBOTON.jpg?h=f405c703&itok=ed6cXBX0" width="444" height="247" alt="Artist's impression of a the MarsuBot fleet exploring other worlds" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__text-container aalto-tile__text-container--event"> <div class="aalto-tile__meta"> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--category"> Public defences </span> <span class="aalto-tile__meta-item aalto-tile__meta-item--label"> <time datetime="2024-11-29T12:00:00+02:00">29.11.2024 12:00</time> – <time datetime="2024-11-29T15:00:00+02:00">15:00</time> </span> </div> <div class="aalto-tile__overflow-container aalto-tile__overflow-container--event"> <h3 class="aalto-tile__title"> <a class="aalto-tile__link" href="/en/events/public-defence-in-automation-technology-msc-david-leal-martinez" title="Public defence in Automation Technology, M.Sc. David Leal Martinez"> Public defence in Automation Technology, M.Sc. David Leal Martinez </a> </h3> <span class="aalto-tile__summary"> Design and optimization of a Multi-robot exploration strategy for robots to explore large spaces that will need many battery recharge cycles </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-tile-container aalto-tile-container--see-all"> <div class="aalto-tile aalto-tile--see-all"> <div class="aalto-tile__see-all-icon-container"><svg class="aalto-tile__see-all-icon aalto-inline-icon"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_chevron_up" /></svg></div> <a class="aalto-tile__see-all-text" href="/en/listing/449206">See all</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--quote" lang="en" style=""> <div class="quote quote--theme0"> <div class="quote__wrapper article-container"> <div class="quote__container"> <svg class="quote__icon"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-quote_finnish" /></svg> <blockquote class="quote__text"> <p> In electrical engineering you can build a more responsible and smarter future </p> </blockquote> <cite class="quote__source"> Student Emmaleena Ahonen </cite> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--single-liftup-medium" lang="en" style=""> <section class="aalto-single-liftup aalto-single-liftup--m component-container" aria-labelledby="liftup-title-id-1224257996"> <div class="aalto-single-liftup__container aalto-single-liftup__container--text-right" style=""> <div class="aalto-single-liftup__column aalto-single-liftup__column--text-right"> <div class="aalto-single-liftup__text-container"> <div class="aalto-single-liftup__body"> <h2 id="liftup-title-id-1224257996">Contact information and services</h2> <p>Get in contact with School of Electrical Engineering management, experts and services.</p> </div> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering/contact-information-and-services" class="highlight">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-single-liftup__column aalto-single-liftup__column--image"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_288w_180h_d/public/2018-07/maarintie8_01.jpg?itok=xNPyu2-- 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_410w_256h_d/public/2018-07/maarintie8_01.jpg?h=e4f440a4&itok=q90MQkgh 410w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_567w_354h_d/public/2018-07/maarintie8_01.jpg?h=e4f440a4&itok=Wvy2lUE_ 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_690w_431h_d/public/2018-07/maarintie8_01.jpg?h=e4f440a4&itok=CmOLRWmw 690w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 1540px) 690px, (min-width: 900px) calc(50vw - 80px), (min-width: 600px) calc(50vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="288" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2200" data-original-height="1467" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_288w_180h_d/public/2018-07/maarintie8_01.jpg?itok=xNPyu2--" width="288" height="180" alt="Maarintie 8 at Aalto University campus" /> </picture> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--manual-liftup-mini aalto-component-wrapper--manual-liftup-mini-- aalto-manual-liftup-mini " lang="en" style=""> <div class="component-container"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-content"> <h2 class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-title" id="liftup-title-id-398529565"> Where to find us </h2> </div> </div> <div class="manual-liftups-mini manual-liftups-mini__justified"> <div class="manual-liftup-mini"> <div class="manual-liftup-mini__text-container"> <h3 class="manual-liftup-mini__title"> <a class="aalto-liftup__link" href="/en/locations/kide"> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__text"> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__label"> Kide</span> </span> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__arrow"> </span> </a> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="manual-liftup-mini"> <div class="manual-liftup-mini__text-container"> <h3 class="manual-liftup-mini__title"> <a class="aalto-liftup__link" href="/en/locations/maarintie-8"> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__text"> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__label"> Maarintie 8</span> </span> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__arrow"> </span> </a> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="manual-liftup-mini"> <div class="manual-liftup-mini__text-container"> <h3 class="manual-liftup-mini__title"> <a class="aalto-liftup__link" href="/en/locations/micronova"> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__text"> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__label"> Micronova</span> </span> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__arrow"> </span> </a> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="manual-liftup-mini"> <div class="manual-liftup-mini__text-container"> <h3 class="manual-liftup-mini__title"> <a class="aalto-liftup__link" href="/en/locations/startup-hub-a-grid"> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__text"> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__label"> Startup Hub A Grid</span> </span> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__arrow"> </span> </a> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="manual-liftup-mini"> <div class="manual-liftup-mini__text-container"> <h3 class="manual-liftup-mini__title"> <a class="aalto-liftup__link" href="/en/locations/metsahovi-radio-observatory"> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__text"> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__label"> Metsähovi Radio Observatory</span> </span> <span class="manual-liftup-mini__arrow"> </span> </a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--other-some-banner" lang="en" style=""> <div class="aalto-some-banner aalto-some-banner--theme2"> <div class="aalto-some-banner__content content-container"> <h2 class="aalto-some-banner__title"> Follow us </h2> <div class="aalto-some-banner__links"> <span class="aalto-some-banner__link-container"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/aaltoelec/" class="aalto-some__link">Instagram</a> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_right" /></svg> </span> <span class="aalto-some-banner__link-container"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/elecaalto/" class="aalto-some__link">Facebook</a> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_right" /></svg> </span> <span class="aalto-some-banner__link-container"> <a href="https://twitter.com/aaltouniversity" class="aalto-some__link">X (formerly Twitter)</a> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_right" /></svg> </span> <span class="aalto-some-banner__link-container"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/aalto-university/" class="aalto-some__link">LinkedIn</a> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_right" /></svg> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-content-bottom-wrapper content-container"> <div class="aalto-content-bottom-container"> <div class="aalto-content-bottom__updated"> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li> Published: <time datetime="2018-04-03T12:19:45+03:00">3.4.2018</time> </li> <li> Updated: <time datetime="2024-11-20T15:09:55+02:00">20.11.2024</time> </li> </ul> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="region region--footer"> <footer class="aalto-footer content-container"> <div class="aalto-footer__breadcrumb"> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__container"> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column aalto-footer__footer-navigation-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__aalto-logo-container"> <a href="/en" class="aalto-footer__aalto-logo-link" title=Home aria-label=Home rel="home"> <svg class="aalto-footer__aalto-logo aalto-logo" viewBox="0 0 143 101"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_base/images/aalto_logo.svg#logo"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__address-container"> <div id="block-footeraddress" class="block block-block-content block-block-content9655a26e-c6be-4275-81a6-fb05dce0b6e1"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"> <p>Aalto University<br><br> P.O. Box 11000 (Otakaari 1B)<br><br> FI-00076 AALTO<br><br> Switchboard: +358 9 47001</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Follow us:</h2> <ul class="aalto-footer__some-link-container aalto-list-unstyled"> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/aaltouniversity"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/aalto-university/"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--twitter" href="https://twitter.com/aaltouniversity"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">X (formerly Twitter)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/aaltouniversity/"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Instagram</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/aaltouniversity"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Youtube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--snapchat" href="/snapchat"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Snapchat</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--blogs" href="https://ourblogs.aalto.fi/"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Blogs</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column aalto-footer__footer-navigation-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Quicklinks</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/research-art">Research and artistic outputs</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/learning-centre">Library – Learning Centre</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/study-at-aalto">Admissions</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/for-alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/for-the-media">Media</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/it-services">IT services</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/aalto-university-open-university">Open University</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://shop.aalto.fi/">Aalto University Shop</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/site-index">Site index</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Latest</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/news">News</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/events">Events</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/open-positions">Careers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column aalto-footer__footer-navigation-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Contact</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/campus/campus-maps-addresses-and-opening-hours-in-otaniemi">Campus maps</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/aalto-university/aalto-university-contact-information">Contact information</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/aalto-university/ethical-channel">Ethical channel – Whistleblowing</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">For students</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/student-guide">Student Guide</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://outlook.office.com">Webmail</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://mycourses.aalto.fi/?lang=fi">MyCourses</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://mystudies.aalto.fi">MyStudies</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://sis-aalto.funidata.fi/">Sisu</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__liftup-box"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__liftup-title"> Together towards a better world. </h2> <p class="aalto-footer__liftup-text">Support new ideas, research, work and leadership development towards a stronger Finland.</p> <a class="aalto-button" href="/en/give-for-the-future">Donate to Aalto University</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-container"> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links-container"> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links"> <ul class="aalto-footer__bottom-links-list aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/aalto-handbook/privacy-notice-for-aaltofi">Privacy notice</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/aalto-handbook/cookie-policy">Cookie policy</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/services/feedback-on-aaltofi">Feedback</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/aalto-handbook/accessibility-statement-aalto-university">Accessibility statement</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"> <a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="javascript: Cookiebot.renew()">Cookie settings</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links-container aalto-footer__bottom-links-container--language"> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links"> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item aalto-subsite-footer__language-link-item"> <a href="/fi/sahkotekniikan-korkeakoulu" class="aalto-footer__bottom-link aalto-subsite-footer__language-link" lang="fi"><span>Suomeksi</span></a> </li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item aalto-subsite-footer__language-link-item"> <a href="/sv/hogskolan-for-elektroteknik" class="aalto-footer__bottom-link aalto-subsite-footer__language-link" lang="sv"><span>Svenska</span></a> </li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item aalto-subsite-footer__language-link-item"> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering" aria-current="true" class="aalto-footer__bottom-link aalto-subsite-footer__language-link" lang="en"><span>English</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div data-metadata="71e6ff3 2024-11-21 18:26:31 +0200" style="display:none;"></div> <script> (function(){ try{ var metadata = document.querySelector('div[data-metadata]'); var now = new Date(); var changed = new Date(now.getTime() + ((new Date(now.toLocaleString('en-US', {timeZone: 'Europe/Helsinki'}))) - (new Date(now.toLocaleString('en-US', {timeZone: 'GMT'}))))); metadata.setAttribute('data-timestamp',changed.toISOString().replace('T',' ').replace(/\.\d+Z/,' ') + metadata.getAttribute('data-metadata').replace(/.*\d+:\d+:\d+ /,'')); }catch(e){} })() </script> <script src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/js/js_7KYBIHKQUw4ho7tBrdTuU2YarerroElHwB0_HgNOIoY.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJx1j1tywzAIRTdklyVprh5WiGWRWjhtdl8l0rhNnP4w3MNwBoCkYuAXzmZTTqw3wpENjXkoEm5hpb3rEw4mi_LEDsqS6SUPTmSuzEnWkNXYJG6umobHjseOu9OiBOIFMRix5-DUTKx99qgT01MaokhMwSgiRV2eI-Jr_sAZ3933e1-ph9A72H-worR3fTshx-1-Z_lidaf62D_872etLYn9W15xxnW4eNvI-Lmxm8cSsLoTTSK6r123QCsWj6NG5XK3HPhD1lw_DdXKlA"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtm.js?snb905"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.js?snb905"></script> <script src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/js/js_bWvSRBLuiDwwx8NJNgo-nZlBJj026fMbEWk5etJ3zJU.js?scope=footer&delta=3&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJx1j1tywzAIRTdklyVprh5WiGWRWjhtdl8l0rhNnP4w3MNwBoCkYuAXzmZTTqw3wpENjXkoEm5hpb3rEw4mi_LEDsqS6SUPTmSuzEnWkNXYJG6umobHjseOu9OiBOIFMRix5-DUTKx99qgT01MaokhMwSgiRV2eI-Jr_sAZ3933e1-ph9A72H-worR3fTshx-1-Z_lidaf62D_872etLYn9W15xxnW4eNvI-Lmxm8cSsLoTTSK6r123QCsWj6NG5XK3HPhD1lw_DdXKlA"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-db714826d6dc6f30ac6","applicationID":"439323269","transactionName":"YVADYUZVDUNRBRYIDlgaIFZAXQxeHxYDBgRpVgBWXFE=","queueTime":4,"applicationTime":67,"atts":"TRcAFw5PHk0=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>