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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=km.wikipedia.org&uselang=km" class=""><span>បរិច្ចាគ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&returnto=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តបង្កើតគណនីនិងកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។" class=""><span>បង្កើតគណនី</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B&returnto=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តឱ្យកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>កត់ឈ្មោះចូល</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ជម្រើសផ្សេងទៀត" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="បញ្ជីសម្រាប់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=km.wikipedia.org&uselang=km"><span>បរិច្ចាគ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&returnto=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តបង្កើតគណនីនិងកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>បង្កើតគណនី</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B&returnto=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តឱ្យកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>កត់ឈ្មោះចូល</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ទំព័រសម្រាប់អ្នកកែសម្រួលដែលបានកត់ឈ្មោះចេញ <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:Introduction" aria-label="ស្វែងយល់បន្ថែមអំពីការកែសម្រួល"><span>ស្វែងយល់បន្ថែម</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="បញ្ជីកំណែប្រែធ្វើឡើងពីអាសយដ្ឋាន IP នេះ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ការរួមចំណែក</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="ការពិភាក្សាអំពីកំណែប្រែដែលធ្វើឡើងចេញពីអាសយដ្ឋាន IP នេះ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ការពិភាក្សា</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> 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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ឈ្មោះ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ជម្លោះទាក់ទងនឹងឈ្មោះ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ជម្លោះទាក់ទងនឹងឈ្មោះ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">១.១</span> <span>ជម្លោះទាក់ទងនឹងឈ្មោះ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ជម្លោះទាក់ទងនឹងឈ្មោះ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ប្រវត្តិ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ប្រវត្តិ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">២</span> <span>ប្រវត្តិ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ប្រវត្តិ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ប្រវត្តិ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ប្រវត្តិ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-បុរាណកាល" 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class="mw-page-title-main">ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ១៣២ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">១៣២ ភាសា</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%9F%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C" title="Перс Псыдахь – អាឌីហ្គី" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Перс Псыдахь" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="អាឌីហ្គី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiese_Golf" title="Persiese Golf – អាហ្វ្រិកាន" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Persiese Golf" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="អាហ្វ្រិកាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persischer_Golf" title="Persischer Golf – អាល្លឺម៉ង (ស្វីស)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Persischer Golf" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង (ស្វីស)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8D%8B%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B5_%E1%89%A3%E1%88%85%E1%88%A8%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8B%E1%8C%A4" title="የፋርስ ባህረስላጤ – អាំហារិក" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የፋርስ ባህረስላጤ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="អាំហារិក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persisc_S%C7%A3" title="Persisc Sǣ – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Persisc Sǣ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="الخليج العربي – អារ៉ាប់" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الخليج العربي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="អារ៉ាប់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%A9%DC%90_%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܒܪܩܩܐ ܦܪܣܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܪܩܩܐ ܦܪܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%89" title="الخليج الفارسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الخليج الفارسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfu_P%C3%A9rsicu" title="Golfu Pérsicu – អាស្ទូរី" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Golfu Pérsicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="អាស្ទូរី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran_k%C3%B6rf%C9%99zi" title="İran körfəzi – អាស៊ែបៃហ្សង់" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İran körfəzi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="អាស៊ែបៃហ្សង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="فارس کؤرفزی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فارس کؤرفزی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B_%D2%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Фарсы ҡултығы – បាស្គៀ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фарсы ҡултығы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="បាស្គៀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celukan_Persia" title="Celukan Persia – បាលី" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Celukan Persia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="បាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpo_Persiko" title="Golpo Persiko – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Golpo Persiko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%9E" title="Персідскі заліў – បេឡារុស" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Персідскі заліў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="បេឡារុស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пэрсыдзкая затока – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэрсыдзкая затока" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Персийски залив – ប៊ុលហ្ការី" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Персийски залив" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ប៊ុលហ្ការី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="फारस के खाड़ी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फारस के खाड़ी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="পারস্য উপসাগর – បង់ក្លាដែស" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পারস্য উপসাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="បង់ក្លាដែស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleg-mor_Persia" title="Pleg-mor Persia – ប្រ៊ីស្តុន" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pleg-mor Persia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ប្រ៊ីស្តុន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perzijski_zaliv" title="Perzijski zaliv – បូស្នី" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Perzijski zaliv" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="បូស្នី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_P%C3%A8rsic" title="Golf Pèrsic – កាតាឡាន" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Golf Pèrsic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="កាតាឡាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="ГӀажарийн айма – ឈីឆេន" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀажарийн айма" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ឈីឆេន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="کەنداوی فارس – ឃើដភាគកណ្តាល" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەنداوی فارس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ឃើដភាគកណ្តាល" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persk%C3%BD_z%C3%A1liv" title="Perský záliv – ឆែក" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Perský záliv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ឆែក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%BA%D3%B3%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Перс кӳлмекĕ – ឈូវ៉ាស" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Перс кӳлмекĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ឈូវ៉ាស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwlff_Persia" title="Gwlff Persia – វេល" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwlff Persia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="វេល" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_Persiske_Bugt" title="Den Persiske Bugt – ដាណឺម៉ាក" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den Persiske Bugt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ដាណឺម៉ាក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persischer_Golf" title="Persischer Golf – អាល្លឺម៉ង់" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Persischer Golf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korfez%C3%AA_Farsi" title="Korfezê Farsi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Korfezê Farsi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiski_zalew" title="Persiski zalew – សូប៊ីក្រោម" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Persiski zalew" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="សូប៊ីក្រោម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Περσικός Κόλπος – ក្រិក" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περσικός Κόλπος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ក្រិក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf – អង់គ្លេស" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Persian Gulf" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="អង់គ្លេស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persa_Golfo" title="Persa Golfo – អេស្ពេរ៉ាន់តូ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Persa Golfo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="អេស្ពេរ៉ាន់តូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo_P%C3%A9rsico" title="Golfo Pérsico – អេស្ប៉ាញ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Golfo Pérsico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="អេស្ប៉ាញ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4rsia_laht" title="Pärsia laht – អេស្តូនី" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pärsia laht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="អេស្តូនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiar_golkoa" title="Persiar golkoa – បាសខ៍" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Persiar golkoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="បាសខ៍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="خلیج فارس – ភឺសៀន" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خلیج فارس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ភឺសៀន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persianlahti" title="Persianlahti – ហ្វាំងឡង់" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Persianlahti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ហ្វាំងឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfe_Persique" title="Golfe Persique – បារាំង" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Golfe Persique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="បារាំង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_faan_Persien" title="Golf faan Persien – ហ្វ្រ៊ីសៀនខាងជើង" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Golf faan Persien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ហ្វ្រ៊ីសៀនខាងជើង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perzyske_Golf" title="Perzyske Golf – ហ្វ្រីស៊ានខាងលិច" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Perzyske Golf" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ហ្វ្រីស៊ានខាងលិច" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murascaill_na_Peirse" title="Murascaill na Peirse – អៀរឡង់" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Murascaill na Peirse" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="អៀរឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo_P%C3%A9rsico" title="Golfo Pérsico – ហ្កាលីស្យាន" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Golfo Pérsico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ហ្កាលីស្យាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%9A_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="فارس ٚ خليج – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فارس ٚ خليج" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parapyte_P%C3%A9ysia_pegua" title="Parapyte Péysia pegua – ហ្គូរ៉ានី" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Parapyte Péysia pegua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ហ្គូរ៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82-v%C3%A2n" title="Pô-sṳ̂-vân – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pô-sṳ̂-vân" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99" title="המפרץ הפרסי – ហេប្រឺ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המפרץ הפרסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ហេប្រឺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="फ़ारस की खाड़ी – ហិណ្ឌី" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़ारस की खाड़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ហិណ្ឌី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="អត្ថបទពិសេស"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perzijski_zaljev" title="Perzijski zaljev – ក្រូអាត" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perzijski zaljev" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ក្រូអាត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiski_zaliw" title="Persiski zaliw – សូប៊ីលើ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Persiski zaliw" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="សូប៊ីលើ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perzsa-%C3%B6b%C3%B6l" title="Perzsa-öböl – ហុងគ្រី" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Perzsa-öböl" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ហុងគ្រី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%AB%D6%81_%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Պարսից ծոց – អាមេនី" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարսից ծոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="អាមេនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%AB%D6%81_%D4%BE%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Պարսից Ծոց – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պարսից Ծոց" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teluk_Persia" title="Teluk Persia – ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teluk Persia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpo_Persiano" title="Golpo Persiano – អ៊ីឡូកូ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Golpo Persiano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីឡូកូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiana_gulfo" title="Persiana gulfo – អ៊ីដូ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Persiana gulfo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីដូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persafl%C3%B3i" title="Persaflói – អ៊ីស្លង់" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Persaflói" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីស្លង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo_Persico" title="Golfo Persico – អ៊ីតាលី" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Golfo Persico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីតាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%B9%BE" title="ペルシア湾 – ជប៉ុន" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペルシア湾" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ជប៉ុន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempongan_P%C3%A8rsi" title="Lempongan Pèrsi – ជ្វា" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lempongan Pèrsi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ជ្វា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="სპარსეთის ყურე – ហ្សកហ្ស៊ី" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სპარსეთის ყურე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ហ្សកហ្ស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abagu_Afarsi" title="Abagu Afarsi – កាប៊ីឡេ" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Abagu Afarsi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="កាប៊ីឡេ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1ngam_A%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot_Pari%CC%B1si" title="A̱ngam A̱sa̱khwot Pari̱si – យ៉ាប់" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱ngam A̱sa̱khwot Pari̱si" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="យ៉ាប់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluk_Parsiya" title="Toluk Parsiya – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Toluk Parsiya" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Парсы шығанағы – កាហ្សាក់" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Парсы шығанағы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="កាហ្សាក់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EB%A7%8C" title="페르시아만 – កូរ៉េ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페르시아만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="កូរ៉េ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendava_Fars%C3%AA" title="Kendava Farsê – ឃឺដ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kendava Farsê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ឃឺដ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D2%A3%D1%83" title="Парс булуңу – កៀហ្ស៊ីស" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Парс булуңу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="កៀហ្ស៊ីស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_Persicus" title="Sinus Persicus – ឡាតំាង" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sinus Persicus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ឡាតំាង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persesche_Golf" title="Persesche Golf – លុចសំបួ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Persesche Golf" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="លុចសំបួ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo_Persian" title="Golfo Persian – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Golfo Persian" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perzische_Golf" title="Perzische Golf – លីមប៊ូស" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Perzische Golf" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="លីមប៊ូស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persijos_%C4%AFlanka" title="Persijos įlanka – លីទុយអានី" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Persijos įlanka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="លីទុយអានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persijas_l%C4%ABcis" title="Persijas līcis – ឡាតវី" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Persijas līcis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ឡាតវី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoala_Persika" title="Hoala Persika – ម៉ាឡាហ្គាស៊ី" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hoala Persika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡាហ្គាស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taluak_Persia" title="Taluak Persia – មីណាងកាប៊ូ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Taluak Persia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="មីណាងកាប៊ូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Персиски Залив – ម៉ាសេដូនី" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Персиски Залив" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាសេដូនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D" title="പേർഷ്യൻ ഗൾഫ് – ម៉ាឡាយ៉ាឡាម" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പേർഷ്യൻ ഗൾഫ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡាយ៉ាឡាម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Персийн булан – ម៉ុងហ្គោលី" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Персийн булан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ម៉ុងហ្គោលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="इराणचे आखात – ម៉ារ៉ាធី" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इराणचे आखात" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ម៉ារ៉ាធី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teluk_Parsi" title="Teluk Parsi – ម៉ាឡេ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Teluk Parsi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡេ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%9B_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88" title="فارسٛ هندئو – ម៉ាហ្សានដឺរេនី" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فارسٛ هندئو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាហ្សានដឺរេនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persische_Gulf" title="Persische Gulf – អាល្លឺម៉ង់ក្រោម" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Persische Gulf" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង់ក្រោម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="फारसको खाडी – នេប៉ាល់" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फारसको खाडी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="នេប៉ាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perzische_Golf" title="Perzische Golf – ហូឡង់" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Perzische Golf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ហូឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiabukta" title="Persiabukta – ន័រវែស នីនូស" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Persiabukta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ន័រវែស នីនូស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiabukten" title="Persiabukten – ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Persiabukten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_Persic" title="Golf Persic – អូសីតាន់" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Golf Persic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="អូសីតាន់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%C3%A6%D0%BB%C3%A6%D0%BD" title="Персы бакæлæн – អូស៊ីទិក" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Персы бакæлæн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="អូស៊ីទិក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਫ਼ਾਰਸ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ – បឹនជាពិ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਾਰਸ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="បឹនជាពិ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zatoka_Perska" title="Zatoka Perska – ប៉ូឡូញ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zatoka Perska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ប៉ូឡូញ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="خلیج فارس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلیج فارس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="عربي خليج – បាស្តូ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عربي خليج" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="បាស្តូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo_P%C3%A9rsico" title="Golfo Pérsico – ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Golfo Pérsico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golful_Persic" title="Golful Persic – រូម៉ានី" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Golful Persic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="រូម៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Персидский залив – រុស្ស៊ី" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Персидский залив" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="រុស្ស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Персийскый залив – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Персийскый залив" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulfu_P%C3%A8rsicu" title="Gulfu Pèrsicu – ស៊ីស៊ីលាន" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gulfu Pèrsicu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ស៊ីស៊ីលាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="فارس جي نار – ស៊ីនឌី" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فارس جي نار" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ស៊ីនឌី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perzijski_zaljev" title="Perzijski zaljev – សឺបូក្រូអាត" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perzijski zaljev" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="សឺបូក្រូអាត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Persian Gulf" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perzsk%C3%BD_z%C3%A1liv" title="Perzský záliv – ស្លូវ៉ាគី" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perzský záliv" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ស្លូវ៉ាគី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perzijski_zaliv" title="Perzijski zaliv – ស្លូវ៉ានី" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Perzijski zaliv" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ស្លូវ៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gahwi_re_Perusiya" title="Gahwi re Perusiya – សូណា" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gahwi re Perusiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="សូណា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gacanka_Faarsiga" title="Gacanka Faarsiga – សូម៉ាលី" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gacanka Faarsiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="សូម៉ាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjiri_Persik" title="Gjiri Persik – អាល់បានី" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjiri Persik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="អាល់បានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Персијски залив – ស៊ែប" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Персијски залив" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ស៊ែប" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teluk_P%C3%A9rsia" title="Teluk Pérsia – ស៊ូដង់" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Teluk Pérsia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ស៊ូដង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiska_viken" title="Persiska viken – ស៊ុយអែត" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Persiska viken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ស៊ុយអែត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghuba_ya_Uajemi" title="Ghuba ya Uajemi – ស្វាហ៊ីលី" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ghuba ya Uajemi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ស្វាហ៊ីលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="பாரசீக வளைகுடா – តាមីល" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாரசீக வளைகுடா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="តាមីល" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D2%B7%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81" title="Халиҷи Форс – តាហ្ស៊ីគ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Халиҷи Форс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="តាហ្ស៊ីគ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อ่าวเปอร์เซีย – ថៃ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อ่าวเปอร์เซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ថៃ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_a%C3%BDlagy" title="Pars aýlagy – តួកម៉េន" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Pars aýlagy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="តួកម៉េន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpong_Persiko" title="Golpong Persiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Golpong Persiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf – ថុកពីស៊ីន" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Persian Gulf" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ថុកពីស៊ីន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basra_K%C3%B6rfezi" title="Basra Körfezi – ទួរគី" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Basra Körfezi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ទួរគី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Фарсы култыгы – តាតា" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фарсы култыгы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="តាតា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Перська затока – អ៊ុយក្រែន" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перська затока" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="អ៊ុយក្រែន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="خلیج فارس – អ៊ូរឌូ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلیج فارس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូរឌូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fors_ko%CA%BBrfazi" title="Fors koʻrfazi – អ៊ូសបេគ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fors koʻrfazi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូសបេគ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%8Bnh_Ba_T%C6%B0" title="Vịnh Ba Tư – វៀតណាម" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vịnh Ba Tư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="វៀតណាម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perzische_Golf" title="Perzische Golf – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Perzische Golf" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulfo_han_Persia" title="Gulfo han Persia – វ៉ារេយ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gulfo han Persia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="វ៉ារេយ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%81%A3" title="波斯灣 – អ៊ូចិន" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波斯灣" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូចិន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%B8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="სპარსეთიშ ჸუჯი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სპარსეთიშ ჸუჯი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A1" title="פערסישער איינגאס – យ៉ីឌីស" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פערסישער איינגאס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="យ៉ីឌីស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_P%E1%BA%B9%CC%81rs%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Gulf Pẹ́rsíà – យរូបា" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gulf Pẹ́rsíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="យរូបា" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E6%B9%BE" title="波斯湾 – ចិន" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波斯湾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ចិន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-su-oan" title="Pho-su-oan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-su-oan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%81%A3" title="波斯灣 – កន្តាំង" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波斯灣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="កន្តាំង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34675#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="កែប្រែតំណភ្ជាប់អន្តរភាសា" class="wbc-editpage">កែប្រែតំណភ្ជាប់</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/PersianGulf_vue_satellite_du_golfe_persique.jpg/240px-PersianGulf_vue_satellite_du_golfe_persique.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/PersianGulf_vue_satellite_du_golfe_persique.jpg/360px-PersianGulf_vue_satellite_du_golfe_persique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/PersianGulf_vue_satellite_du_golfe_persique.jpg/480px-PersianGulf_vue_satellite_du_golfe_persique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="5200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row">ទីតាំង</th><td class="region"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85" title="អាស៊ីខាងលិច">អាស៊ីខាងលិច</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r274709">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&params=26_N_52_E_type:waterbody_scale:5000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°N</span> <span class="longitude">52°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26°N 52°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">26; 52</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_coordinate_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geographic coordinate system (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Coordinates</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r274709"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&params=26_N_52_E_type:waterbody_scale:5000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°N</span> <span class="longitude">52°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26°N 52°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">26; 52</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Body_of_water&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Body of water (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប្រភេទ</a></th><td class="category">ឈូងសមុទ្រ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inflow_(hydrology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inflow (hydrology) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)"><span title="Primary inflows: rivers, streams, precipitation">Primary inflows</span></a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឈូងសមុទ្រអូម៉ង់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឈូងសមុទ្រអូម៉ង់</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drainage_basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drainage basin (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Basin</a> countries</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6" title="កាតា">កាតា</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%8F" title="គុយវ៉ែត">គុយវ៉ែត</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="បារ៉ែន">បារ៉ែន</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ង់">អ៊ីរ៉ង់</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ាក់">អ៊ីរ៉ាក់</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F" title="អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត">អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អូម៉ង់">អូម៉ង់</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98_(%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="មូសង់ដាម (អាណាភិបាល) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បរិពន្ធភូមិមូសង់ដាម</a>) និង<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%98" title="អេមីរ៉ាតអារ៉ាប់រួម">អេមីរ៉ាតអារ៉ាប់រួម</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row">Max. length</th><td>៩៨៩ គម</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row">ផ្ទៃក្រឡា</th><td>២៥១,០០០ គម<sup>២</sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row">ជម្រៅមធ្យម</th><td>៥០ ម</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row">ជម្រៅអតិបរមា</th><td>៩០ ម</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:ISS-63_Persian_Gulf_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ISS-63_Persian_Gulf_at_night.jpg/220px-ISS-63_Persian_Gulf_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ISS-63_Persian_Gulf_at_night.jpg/330px-ISS-63_Persian_Gulf_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ISS-63_Persian_Gulf_at_night.jpg/440px-ISS-63_Persian_Gulf_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>ទិដ្ឋភាពឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សនាពេលរាត្រី ថតពី<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ស្ថានីយ៍អវកាសអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ស្ថានីយ៍អវកាសអន្តរជាតិ</a>ក្នុងអំឡុងឆ្នាំ២០២០។</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" title="ភាសាពែរ្ស">ភាសាពែរ្ស</a>៖ خلیج فارس) ឬអាចហៅបានថា <b>ឈូងសមុទ្រអារ៉ាប់</b> គឺជា<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%81_(%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ាណេ (សាគរវិទ្យា) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ាណេ</a>នៅតំបន់<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85" title="អាស៊ីខាងលិច">អាស៊ីខាងលិច</a>។ សមុទ្រមួយនេះគឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6" title="មហាសមុទ្រឥណ្ឌា">មហាសមុទ្រឥណ្ឌា</a> ដែលស្ថិតនៅចន្លោះប្រទេស<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ង់">អ៊ីរ៉ង់</a> និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឧបទ្វីបអារ៉ាប់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឧបទ្វីបអារ៉ាប់</a>។<sup id="cite_ref-unstats.un.org_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unstats.un.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> វាត្រូវបានតភ្ជាប់ទៅ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឈូងសមុទ្រអូម៉ង់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឈូងសមុទ្រអូម៉ង់</a>តាម<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ច្រកសមុទ្រអ័រមូស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ច្រកសមុទ្រអ័រមូស</a>។ លើសពីនេះ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ដីសណ្ដទន្លេ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដីសណ្ដទន្លេ</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឆាតអែលអារ៉ាប់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឆាតអែលអារ៉ាប់</a>ដ៏សំខាន់មានទីតាំងស្ថិតនៅច្រាំងភាគពាយ័ព្យនៃសមុទ្រនេះ។ </p><p>ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សមានទីកន្លែងនេសាទច្រើន ថ្មប៉ប្រះទឹកយ៉ាងទូលំទូលាយ (ភាគច្រើនជាថ្មរឹង ប៉ុន្តែក៏មានផ្កាថ្មដែរ) និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អយស្ទ័រគុជខ្យង (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អយស្ទ័រគុជខ្យង</a>ដ៏សម្បូរបែប តែសមុទ្រនេះក៏បានទទួលរងនូវការបំពុលផ្នែកបរិស្ថានផងដែរដោយសារតែកំណើនឧស្សាហូបនីយកម្មក្នុងតំបន់ និងការកំពប់រ៉ែប្រេងកាតចូលក្នុងសមុទ្រជាដើម។ </p><p>ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សនេះស្ថិតនៅក្នុង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អាងឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អាងឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស</a>ដែលមានដើមកំណើតតាំងពីស័ក<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F" title="កន្យសត្ត">សេណូសូអ៊ិក</a> និងមានទំនាក់ទំនងទៅនឹងការធ្លាក់ចុះនៃ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ផ្លាកអារ៉ាប់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ផ្លាកអារ៉ាប់</a>នៅក្រោម<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ភ្នំហ្សាក្រូស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ភ្នំហ្សាក្រូស</a>។<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ដំណើរទឹកហូរបច្ចុប្បន្ននៃអាងទឹកនេះបានចាប់ផ្តើមកាលពី ១៥,០០០ ឆ្នាំមុនដោយសារតែកំណើនកម្រិតទឹកសមុទ្រកើតចេញពីការរំលាយផ្ទាំងទឹកកកនៅជំនាន់<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សព្វេកន្យ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហូឡូសែន</a>។<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ឈ្មោះ"><span id=".E1.9E.88.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.84.E1.9F.87"></span>ឈ្មោះ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ឈ្មោះ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>មុនពេលត្រូវបានទទួលឈ្មោះបច្ចុប្បន្នរបស់វា ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស ត្រូវបានគេហៅតាមឈ្មោះផ្សេងៗគ្នា។  នៅក្នុងឯកសាររបស់<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បាប៊ីឡូន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បាប៊ីឡូន</a> សមុទ្រមួយនេះត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ថា "សមុទ្រខាងលើ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អាកកាដ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អាកកាដ</a>" ខណៈដែលពួក<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចក្រភពអាស៊ីរីថ្មី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អាស៊ីរី</a>បានហៅវាថា "សមុទ្រជូរ"។<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ ៥៥០ មុន គ.ស. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចក្រភពអាឆេមីនីដ្ស៍ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ចក្រភពអាឆេមីនីដ្ស៍</a>បានបង្កើតអាណាចក្របុរាណដំបូងមួយនៅតំបន់<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ពែរស៊ីស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ពែរស៊ីស</a> ដែលមានទីតាំងស្ថិតនៅប៉ែកនិរតីនៃ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="តំបន់ខ្ពង់រាបអ៊ីរ៉ង់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">តំបន់ខ្ពង់រាបអ៊ីរ៉ង់</a>។<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៥<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ក្រោយមកទៀតដោយយោងតាមប្រភពពីក្រិក សមុទ្រមួយនេះក៏ត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ថា "ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស"។<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៦<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ជម្លោះទាក់ទងនឹងឈ្មោះ"><span id=".E1.9E.87.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9B.E1.9F.84.E1.9F.87.E1.9E.91.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.80.E1.9F.8B.E1.9E.91.E1.9E.84.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.B9.E1.9E.84.E1.9E.88.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.84.E1.9F.87"></span>ជម្លោះទាក់ទងនឹងឈ្មោះ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ជម្លោះទាក់ទងនឹងឈ្មោះ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ដែនសមុទ្រនេះត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ជាប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ និងអន្តរជាតិថា ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស។<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> រដ្ឋាភិបាលអារ៉ាប់តែងហៅវាថា ឈូងសមុទ្រអារ៉ាប់ ឬ "ឈូងសមុទ្រ" ទទេ<sup id="cite_ref-LINK2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LINK2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១០<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ហើយប្រទេស និងអង្គការផ្សេងទៀតក៏បានចាប់ផ្តើមប្រើប្រាស់ឈ្មោះថាឈូងសមុទ្រអារ៉ាប់តាម។<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១១<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ឈ្មោះ <b>ឈូងសមុទ្រអ៊ីរ៉ង់</b> ត្រូវបាន<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អង្គការធារាសាស្ត្រអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អង្គការធារាសាស្ត្រអន្តរជាតិ</a>ប្រើប្រាស់សម្រាប់សម្ដៅលើឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស។<sup id="cite_ref-IHO2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IHO2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១២<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ជម្លោះជុំវិញនឹងឈ្មោះសមុទ្រនេះបានកើតមានឡើង ជាពិសេសចាប់តាំងពីទសវត្សរ៍ឆ្នាំ១៩៦០ មក។<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ការប្រជែងគ្នារវាងប្រទេសអ៊ីរ៉ង់ និងប្រជាជាតិអារ៉ាប់មួយចំនួន រួមជាមួយនឹងកំណើននៃលទ្ធិអារ៉ាប់តែមួយ និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជាតិនិយមអារ៉ាប់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ជាតិនិយមអារ៉ាប់</a> បាននាំឱ្យឈ្មោះ "ឈូងសមុទ្រអារ៉ាប់" កើនមានប្រជាប្រិយភាពកាន់តែខ្លាំងនៅតាមបណ្ដាប្រទេសអារ៉ាប់ភាគច្រើន។<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៥<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ប្រវត្តិ"><span id=".E1.9E.94.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.9C.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F.E1.9E.B7"></span>ប្រវត្តិ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ប្រវត្តិ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="បុរាណកាល"><span id=".E1.9E.94.E1.9E.BB.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.8E.E1.9E.80.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9B"></span>បុរាណកាល</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ បុរាណកាល"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg/220px-Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg/330px-Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg/440px-Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1314" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>ផែនទីនៃ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចក្រភពអាឆេមីនីដ្ស៍ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ចក្រភពពែរ្សអាឆេមីនីដ្ស៍</a> ដែលមានទីតាំងនៅជាប់ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស។</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Ras_Al_Khaimah_by_Charles_Hamilton_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ras_Al_Khaimah_by_Charles_Hamilton_Smith.jpg/220px-Ras_Al_Khaimah_by_Charles_Hamilton_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ras_Al_Khaimah_by_Charles_Hamilton_Smith.jpg/330px-Ras_Al_Khaimah_by_Charles_Hamilton_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ras_Al_Khaimah_by_Charles_Hamilton_Smith.jpg/440px-Ras_Al_Khaimah_by_Charles_Hamilton_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="1284" /></a><figcaption>រូបគំនូរនៃ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A8%E1%9F%A0%E1%9F%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="យុទ្ធនាការឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សឆ្នាំ១៨០៩ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កងកម្លាំងបេសកកម្មប្រឺតាញ</a>នៅខាងច្រាំង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6_(%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="រ៉ាសអាល់កីយម៉ា (អេមីរ៉ាត) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រ៉ាសអាល់កីយម៉ា</a>ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៨០៩។</figcaption></figure> <p>វត្តមានរបស់មនុស្សដំបូងនៅលើប្រជុំកោះនៃឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សត្រូវបានគេកំណត់ថាមានតាំងពីពាក់កណ្តាលសម័យ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប៉ាឡេអូលីទិក (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប៉ាឡេអូលីទិក</a>មកម៉្លេះ ដោយមានឧបករណ៍ថ្មដែលត្រូវបានគេរកឃើញនៅលើ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%83%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="កោះកេឃ្សឹម (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កោះកេឃ្សឹម</a>ជាភស្តុតាង។<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៦<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> អរិយធម៌ដ៏ចំណាស់ជាងគេបំផុតរបស់ពិភពលោក (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ស៊ូមែរ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ស៊ូមែរ</a>) បានវិវត្តឡើងនៅតាមបណ្តោយឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស និងប៉ែកភាគខាងត្បូងមេសូប៉ូតាមី។ </p><p>កាលនៅសម័យដើម កុលសម្ព័ន្ធពនេចរជាបន្តបន្ទាប់បាននាំគ្នាមកតាំងទីលំនៅនៅច្រាំងភាគខាងត្បូងនៃឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស។ នៅចុងសហវត្សទី៤ មុន គ.ស. តំបន់ភាគខាងត្បូងនៃឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សត្រូវបានស្ថិតក្រោមឥទ្ធិពលអរិយធម៌<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឌីលម៉ុន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឌីលម៉ុន</a>។ នៅសតវត្សរ៍ទី២ ក្រុមកុលសម្ព័ន្ធឡាហ៊ុម ដែលមានទីលំនៅនៅលើទឹកដីប្រទេសយេម៉ែនសព្វថ្ងៃ បានធ្វើចំណាកស្រុកសម្ដៅទៅភាគខាងជើង ហើយបានបង្កើត<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រឡាក់មីដ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រាជាណាចក្រឡាក់មីដ</a>នៅតាមបណ្ដោយឆ្នេរភាគខាងត្បូង។ សមរភូមិសង្គ្រាមបុរាណជាម្តងម្កាលបានកើតឡើងនៅតាមឆ្នេរនៃឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សរវាង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចក្រភពសាស្សានីដ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ចក្រភពពែរ្សសាស្សានីដ</a> និងរាជាណាចក្រឡាក់មីដ ហើយយុទ្ធនាការយោធាដ៏ធំបំផុតគឺការឈ្លានពានដែលដឹកនាំដោយស្ដេចពែរ្សព្រះនាម<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឆាពួរទី២ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឆាពួរទី២</a> ដែលបាននាំឱ្យអាណាចក្រឡាក់មីដដួលរលំខ្ទិចខ្ទាំ និងបើកផ្លូវឱ្យនគរព្រះអង្គពង្រីកទឹកដីចូលទៅក្នុងតំបន់អារ៉ាប់តាមខ្សែបន្ទាត់ឆ្នេរខាងត្បូង។<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> នៅអំឡុងសតវត្សរ៍ទីប្រាំពីរ ចក្រភពសាស្សានីដបានវាយដណ្តើមយកទឹកដីជុំវិញឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សបានទាំងមូល រួមទាំងច្រាំងភាគខាងត្បូង និងជើង។ </p><p>នៅចន្លោះឆ្នាំ ៦២៥ មុន គ.ស. និងឆ្នាំ ២២៦ នៃ គ.ស. ប៉ែងខាងជើងនៃសមុទ្រនេះត្រូវបានត្រួតត្រាដោយអាណាចក្រ និងរាជវង្សពែរ្សតៗគ្នា ដូចជា ចក្រភព<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="មេដេស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">មេដេស</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចក្រភពអាឆេមីនីដ្ស៍ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អាឆេមីនីដ្ស៍</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចក្រភពសេលូស៊ីដ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សេលូស៊ីដ</a> និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចក្រភពប៉ារត៍ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប៉ារត៍</a>ជាដើម។ នៅក្នុងរជ្ជកាលដឹកនាំរបស់ស្តេចអាឆេមីនីដ្ស៍ ព្រះចៅ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ដារីយូសទី១ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដារីយូសទី១</a> នាវារបស់ពែរ្សបានចាប់ផ្តើមធ្វើនាវាចរណ៍នៅលើផ្ទៃឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស។ កងកម្លាំងទ័ពជើងទឹកពែរ្សបាននាំឱ្យមានវត្តមាននាវាពែរ្សកាន់តែច្រើននៅក្នុងឈូងសមុទ្រនេះ ហើយក៏បានបន្តមានរហូតដល់ពាក់កណ្តាលសតវត្សទី១៩ នៅពេលដែល<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ក្រុមហ៊ុនឥណ្ឌាខាងកើត (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ក្រុមហ៊ុនឥណ្ឌាខាងកើត</a>របស់អង់គ្លេស និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="កងរាជនាវា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កងរាជនាវា</a>របស់ខ្លួនបានចូលមកដល់។<sup id="cite_ref-navy_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navy-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> កងនាវាពែរ្សមិនត្រឹមតែឈរជើងនៅតាមបណ្ដាកោះនៃឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សប៉ុណ្ណោះទេ តែថែមទាំងចេញល្បាតតាមដងទន្លេផ្សេងៗនៅក្នុងចក្រភពផងដែរ រួមមាន<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឆាតអែលអារ៉ាប់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឆាតអែលអារ៉ាប់</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BA_(%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទីក្រឺ (ទន្លេ) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទីក្រឺ</a> និង<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B" title="ទន្លេនីល">ទន្លេនីល</a>នៅភាគខាងលិច ព្រមទាំងផ្លូវទឹកស៊ីនដ៍ទៅក្នុងប្រទេសឥណ្ឌា។<sup id="cite_ref-navy_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navy-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>កងបញ្ជាការទ័ពជើងទឹកកំពូលអាឆេមីនីដ្ស៍បានបង្កើតមូលដ្ឋានទ័ពជើងទឹកសំខាន់ៗ ដែលមានទីតាំងនៅតាមដងទន្លេឆាតអែលអារ៉ាប់ បារ៉ែន អូម៉ង់ និងយេម៉ែន។ មិនយូរប៉ុន្មាន កងនាវាពែរ្សមិនត្រឹមត្រូវបានប្រើសម្រាប់គោលបំណងរក្សាសន្តិភាពនៅតាមបណ្តោយឆាតអែលអារ៉ាប់ប៉ុណ្ណោះទេ ប៉ុន្តែក៏ដើម្បីបើកទ្វារធ្វើពាណិជ្ជកម្មជាមួយឥណ្ឌាតាមរយៈឈូងសមុទ្រនេះផងដែរ។<sup id="cite_ref-navy_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navy-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១៩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ក្រោយពីការដួលរលំនៃចក្រភពអាឆេមីនីដ្ស៍ និងចក្រភពប៉ារត៍ អាណាចក្រថ្មីមួយទៀតហៅ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចក្រភពសាស្សានីដ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សាស្សានីដ</a>ក៏បានលេចឡើង។ ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ផ្លូវសូត្រ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ផ្លូវសូត្រ</a> គឺជាផ្លូវពាណិជ្ជកម្មពីរដ៏សំខាន់បំផុតសម្រាប់ចក្រភពសាស្សានីដ។ កំពង់ផែពាណិជ្ជកម្មជាច្រើននៃចក្រភពពែរ្សតែងមានទីតាំងស្ថិតនៅ ឬជុំវិញឈូងសមុទ្រមួយនេះ។ ស៊ីរ៉ាហ្វជាកំពង់ផែសាស្សានីដបុរាណដែលស្ថិតនៅលើច្រាំងខាងជើងនៃឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស មានទីតាំងនៅខេត្ត<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប៊ូស៊ែរ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប៊ូស៊ែរ</a>របស់អ៊ីរ៉ង់បច្ចុប្បន្ន គឺជាគំរូដ៏ល្អសម្រាប់កំពង់ផែពាណិជ្ជកម្មនៅសម័យនោះ។ ស៊ីរ៉ាហ្វមានសារៈសំខាន់យ៉ាងខ្លាំងព្រោះដោយសារតែវាជាកំពង់ផែដែលតភ្ជាប់ពាណិជ្ជកម្មជាមួយប្រទេសចិននៅក្នុងសតវត្សទី៤ ដោយបានបង្កើតទំនាក់ទំនងជាមួយពាណិជ្ជករចុងបូព៌ាដំបូងនៅឆ្នាំ១៨៥ នៃ គ.ស.។<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២០<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="សម័យអាណានិគម"><span id=".E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.90.E1.9E.99.E1.9E.A2.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.8E.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.82.E1.9E.98"></span>សម័យអាណានិគម</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ សម័យអាណានិគម"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ព័រទុយហ្កាល់បានបន្សាយឥទ្ធិពលរបស់ខ្លួននៅឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សអស់រយៈពេល ២៥០ ឆ្នាំ<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២១<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ក៏ប៉ុន្តែចាប់តាំងពីដើមសតវត្សទី១៦ មក អំណាចគ្រប់គ្រងរបស់ព័រទុយហ្កាល់<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២២<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> បានប៉ះទង្គិចជាមួយមហាអំណាចក្នុងតំបន់ និងក៏ដូចជាចក្រភពអូតូម៉ង់ផង។ បន្ទាប់ពីអង់គ្លេស និងហុល្លង់បានចូលមកដល់នៅសតវត្សទី១៧ ចក្រភពសេហ្វេវីដក៏បានចងសម្ព័ន្ធភាពជាមួយនឹងអ្នកចំណូលថ្មីដើម្បីប្រជែងនឹងអំណាចព័រទុយហ្កាល់នៅឯនាយសមុទ្រ។<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២៣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Hormuz_fort-Correia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hormuz_fort-Correia.png/220px-Hormuz_fort-Correia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hormuz_fort-Correia.png/330px-Hormuz_fort-Correia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hormuz_fort-Correia.png/440px-Hormuz_fort-Correia.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>គំនូរបង្ហាញពីបន្ទាយព័រទុយហ្កាល់មួយនៅលើកោះអ័រមូស (១៥៥៦)។</figcaption></figure> <p>ជាលទ្ធផលនៃការប៉ុនប៉ងពង្រីកឥទ្ធិពលចូលទៅក្នុងមហាសមុទ្រឥណ្ឌានៅដើមសតវត្សទី១៦ ព័រទុយហ្កាល់ក៏ត្រូវប្រឈមនឹងជម្លោះយោធាជាមួយរដ្ឋអំណាចអូតូម៉ង់នៅតាមតំបន់ឆ្នេរនៃឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស។ នៅឆ្នាំ១៥២១ មេបញ្ជាការនៃកងកម្លាំងព័រទុយហ្កាល់ លោក<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC_%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អង់តូនីញ៉ូ កូរ៉េយ៉ា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អង់តូនីញ៉ូ កូរ៉េយ៉ា</a>បានលើកទ័ពមកឈ្លានពានកោះបារ៉ែនដើម្បីគ្រប់គ្រងលើឧស្សាហកម្មគុជខ្យងនៅទីនោះ។ នៅថ្ងៃទី២៩ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ១៦០២ ព្រះចៅអធិរាជពែរ្សនៃចក្រភពសេហ្វេវីដព្រះនាម<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អាបបាសទី១ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អាបបាស</a>បានដឹកនាំទ័ពវាយបណ្តេញជនជាតិព័រទុយហ្កាល់ចេញពីបារ៉ែន។<sup id="cite_ref-j163353_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j163353-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ដោយមានការគាំទ្រពីកងនាវាអង់គ្លេស នៅឆ្នាំ១៦២២ ព្រះចៅអាបបាសក៏បានវាយដណ្ដើមយក<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="កោះអ័រមូស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កោះអ័រមូស</a>ពីជនជាតិព័រទុយហ្កាល់ ហើយផ្លូវពាណិជ្ជកម្មភាគច្រើនក៏ត្រូវបានបង្វែរទៅរកទីក្រុង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បង់ដារអាបបាស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បង់ដារអាបបាស</a>របស់ចក្រភពពែរ្ស។ ក្រោយពីពេលនោះ ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សក៏ត្រូវបានបើកឱ្យមានជំនួញជួញដូរពាណិជ្ជកម្មគ្រប់ប្រភេទជាមួយពាណិជ្ជករមកពីព័រទុយហ្កាល់ ហុល្លង់ បារាំង អេស្ប៉ាញ និងអង់គ្លេសក្រោមសិទ្ធិពិសេសដែលប្រគល់ដោយចក្រភពពែរ្ស។ រហូតដល់ឆ្នាំ១៨៧១ ចក្រភពអូតូម៉ង់បានចូលមកត្រួតត្រាតំបន់អារ៉ាប់បូព៌ាជាថ្មី។<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២៥<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ជាលទ្ធផលនៃសម្ពាធនយោបាយ និងយោធា កុលសម្ព័ន្ធនៅក្នុងតំបន់ក៏បានអនុញ្ញាតឱ្យអូតូម៉ង់ចូលត្រួតត្រាទឹកដីអារ៉ាប់ដោយសន្តិវិធី។<sup id="cite_ref-Rogan1199_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogan1199-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២៦<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> រដ្ឋអូតូម៉ង់ត្រូវបង្ខំដកអំណាចគ្រប់គ្រងរបស់ខ្លួនចេញពីតំបន់នេះក្រោយការផ្ទុះឡើងនៃ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A1" title="សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី១">សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី១</a> និងតម្រូវការកងទ័ពនៅតាមតំបន់ព្រំដែនផ្សេងទៀត។<sup id="cite_ref-diwan_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diwan-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២៧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> នៅអំឡុង<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A2" title="សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២">សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២</a> <a 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ដូចហេតុនេះទើបឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សបានក្លាយជាផ្លូវសមុទ្រដ៏សំខាន់មួយ តាមរយៈការដែលសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តបានដឹកជញ្ជូនឧបករណ៍ជំនួយផ្សេងៗទៅកាន់សហភាពសូវៀតដើម្បីប្រឆាំងនឹង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប្រតិបត្តិការបាបារ៉ូសា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ការឈ្លានពាន</a>របស់ពួក<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="អាល្លឺម៉ង់ណាស៊ី">ណាស៊ី</a>។<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២៩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ចាប់ពីឆ្នាំ១៧៦៣ រហូតដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧១ ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេសគឺជាមហាអំណាចគ្រប់គ្រងលើបណ្ដារដ្ឋមួយចំនួននៅជុំវិញឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស រួមទាំង<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%98" title="អេមីរ៉ាតអារ៉ាប់រួម">អេមីរ៉ាតអារ៉ាប់រួម</a>ផង។ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="សម័យទំនើប"><span id=".E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.90.E1.9E.99.E1.9E.91.E1.9F.86.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.BE.E1.9E.94"></span>សម័យទំនើប</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ សម័យទំនើប"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:USS_Hawes_(FFG-53),_USS_William_H._Standley_(CG-32)_and_USS_Guadalcanal_(LPH-7)_escort_tanker_Gas_King_in_the_Persian_Gullf_on_21_October_1987_(6432283).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/USS_Hawes_%28FFG-53%29%2C_USS_William_H._Standley_%28CG-32%29_and_USS_Guadalcanal_%28LPH-7%29_escort_tanker_Gas_King_in_the_Persian_Gullf_on_21_October_1987_%286432283%29.jpg/220px-USS_Hawes_%28FFG-53%29%2C_USS_William_H._Standley_%28CG-32%29_and_USS_Guadalcanal_%28LPH-7%29_escort_tanker_Gas_King_in_the_Persian_Gullf_on_21_October_1987_%286432283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/USS_Hawes_%28FFG-53%29%2C_USS_William_H._Standley_%28CG-32%29_and_USS_Guadalcanal_%28LPH-7%29_escort_tanker_Gas_King_in_the_Persian_Gullf_on_21_October_1987_%286432283%29.jpg/330px-USS_Hawes_%28FFG-53%29%2C_USS_William_H._Standley_%28CG-32%29_and_USS_Guadalcanal_%28LPH-7%29_escort_tanker_Gas_King_in_the_Persian_Gullf_on_21_October_1987_%286432283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/USS_Hawes_%28FFG-53%29%2C_USS_William_H._Standley_%28CG-32%29_and_USS_Guadalcanal_%28LPH-7%29_escort_tanker_Gas_King_in_the_Persian_Gullf_on_21_October_1987_%286432283%29.jpg/440px-USS_Hawes_%28FFG-53%29%2C_USS_William_H._Standley_%28CG-32%29_and_USS_Guadalcanal_%28LPH-7%29_escort_tanker_Gas_King_in_the_Persian_Gullf_on_21_October_1987_%286432283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="1910" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Ernest_Will" class="extiw" title="en:Operation Ernest Will">ប្រតិបត្តិការអឺណែស្តវីល</a>, តុលា ១៩៨៧</figcaption></figure> <p>ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សនេះបានក្លាយជាសមរភូមិប្រយុទ្ធក្នុង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E2%80%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សង្រ្គាមអ៊ីរ៉ង់–អ៊ីរ៉ាក់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សង្រ្គាមអ៊ីរ៉ង់–អ៊ីរ៉ាក់</a>ឆ្នាំ១៩៨០–១៩៨៨ ដែលជាហេតុនាំឱ្យកើតមានការវាយប្រហារនាវាដឹកប្រេងរបស់ភាគីទាំងសងខាង។ មកដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៩១ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សង្គ្រាមឈូងសមុទ្រ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សង្គ្រាមឈូងសមុទ្រ</a>ក៏បានផ្ទុះឡើងដែលជាលទ្ធផលនៃការឈ្លានពានរបស់<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ាក់">អ៊ីរ៉ាក់</a>មកលើប្រទេស<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%8F" title="គុយវ៉ែត">គុយវ៉ែត</a> ខណៈដែលសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានប្រឡូកចូលបន្តិចម្តងៗ។<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៣០<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> នៅថ្ងៃទី៣ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ១៩៨៨ យន្តហោះ <i>Iran Air Flight 655</i> ត្រូវបានបាញ់ទម្លាក់ដោយកងយោធាសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក (ដែលភាន់ច្រឡំយន្តហោះនេះថាជាយន្តហោះចម្បាំងរបស់អ៊ីរ៉ង់) ខណៈដែលវាកំពុងហោះហើរពីលើឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស ដោយបានសម្លាប់មនុស្សទាំងអស់នៅលើយន្តហោះចំនួន ២៩០ នាក់។<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៣១<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ភូមិសាស្ត្រ"><span id=".E1.9E.97.E1.9E.BC.E1.9E.98.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A"></span>ភូមិសាស្ត្រ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ភូមិសាស្ត្រ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អង្គការជលផលអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អង្គការជលផលអន្តរជាតិ</a>បានកំណត់ដែនភាគខាងត្បូងនៃឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សថាជា "ដែនកំណត់ភាគពាយ័ព្យនៃឈូងសមុទ្រអូម៉ង់"។ដែនកំណត់នេះត្រូវបានគេកំណត់ថាជា "បន្ទាត់ភ្ជាប់រ៉ាសលីម៉ា (Ràs Limah) (25°57'N) 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ច្រកសមុទ្រអ័រមូស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ច្រកសមុទ្រអ័រមូស</a>។ ចំណែកឯប៉ែកខាងលិចរបស់វាវិញត្រូវបានសម្គាល់ដោយដីសណ្ដទន្លេដ៏សំខាន់មួយគឺ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឆាតអែលអារ៉ាប់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឆាតអែលអារ៉ាប់</a> ដែលមានទន្លេសំខាន់ៗពីរដូចជា <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អឺប្រាត (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អឺប្រាត</a> និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទីក្រឺ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ទីក្រឺ</a>។ នៅប្រទេសអ៊ីរ៉ង់ គេតែងហៅវាថា "ទន្លេរហ័ស"។ ប្រវែងរបស់វាគឺ ៩៨៩ គីឡូម៉ែត្រ ដោយមានប្រទេសអ៊ីរ៉ង់គ្របដណ្តប់ភាគច្រើនលើឆ្នេរប៉ែកខាងជើង ខណៈដែល<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F" title="អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត">អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត</a>នៅឆ្នេរភាគខាងត្បូង។ និយាយពីជម្រៅទឹកវិញ ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សមិនមានជម្រៅទឹកជ្រៅប៉ុន្មាននោះទេ ដោយមានជម្រៅអតិបរមា ៩០ ម៉ែត្រ និងជម្រៅជាមធ្យម ៥០ ម៉ែត្រ។ </p><p>ប្រទេសដែលមានឆ្នេរជាប់ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សមាន (រាប់តាមទ្រនិចនាឡិកាពីខាងជើងមក)៖ អ៊ីរ៉ង់ <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អូម៉ង់">អូម៉ង់</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%98" title="អេមីរ៉ាតអារ៉ាប់រួម">អេមីរ៉ាតអារ៉ាប់រួម</a> អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6" title="កាតា">កាតា</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="បារ៉ែន">បារ៉ែន</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%8F" title="គុយវ៉ែត">គុយវ៉ែត</a> និង<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ាក់">អ៊ីរ៉ាក់</a>។ កោះតូចៗជាច្រើនក៏ស្ថិតនៅក្នុងឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សផងដែរ ដែលខ្លះជាកម្មវត្ថុនៃជម្លោះទឹកដីរវាងបណ្ដារដ្ឋនៅក្នុងតំបន់។ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="តំបន់សេដ្ឋកិច្ចផ្តាច់មុខ"><span id=".E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.86.E1.9E.94.E1.9E.93.E1.9F.8B.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.81.E1.9E.8A.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8B.E1.9E.80.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.85.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.85.E1.9E.95.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.85.E1.9F.8B.E1.9E.98.E1.9E.BB.E1.9E.81"></span>តំបន់សេដ្ឋកិច្ចផ្តាច់មុខ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=8" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ តំបន់សេដ្ឋកិច្ចផ្តាច់មុខ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%81" title="តំបន់សេដ្ឋកិច្ចផ្តាច់មុខ">តំបន់សេដ្ឋកិច្ចផ្តាច់មុខ</a>នៅឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សរួមមាន៖<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៣៣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៣៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="75">ល.រ </th> <th width="250">ប្រទេស </th> <th width="100">តំបន់ (គម<sup>២</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">១</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ង់">អ៊ីរ៉ង់</a></b></td> <td align="center">៩៧,៨៦០ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">២</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%98" title="អេមីរ៉ាតអារ៉ាប់រួម">អារ៉ាប់រួម</a></b></td> <td align="center">៥២,៤៥៥ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៣</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F" title="អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត">អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត</a></b></td> <td align="center">៣៣,៧៩២ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៤</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6" title="កាតា">កាតា</a></b></td> <td align="center">៣១,៨១៩ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៥</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%8F" title="គុយវ៉ែត">គុយវ៉ែត</a></b></td> <td align="center">១១,៧៨៦ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៦</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="បារ៉ែន">បារ៉ែន</a></b></td> <td align="center">៨,៨២៦ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៧</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/22px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/33px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/44px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អូម៉ង់">អូម៉ង់</a></b></td> <td align="center">៣,៦៧៨ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៨</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ាក់">អ៊ីរ៉ាក់</a></b></td> <td align="center">៥៤០ </td></tr> <tr style="background:#9acdff;"> <th>សរុប </th> <td><b>ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស</b></td> <td align="center"><b>២៤០,៧៥៦</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ឆ្នេរសមុទ្រ"><span id=".E1.9E.86.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.93.E1.9F.81.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.98.E1.9E.BB.E1.9E.91.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A"></span>ឆ្នេរសមុទ្រ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=9" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ឆ្នេរសមុទ្រ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមប្រវែងឆ្នេរសមុទ្រ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប្រវែងឆ្នេរ</a>ជាប់ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សតាមប្រទេសនីមួយៗ៖ </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="75">ល.រ </th> <th width="250">ប្រទេស </th> <th width="100">ប្រវែង </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">១</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ង់">អ៊ីរ៉ង់</a></b></td> <td align="center">១,៥៣៦ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">២</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F" title="អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត">អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត</a></b></td> <td align="center">១,៣០០ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៣</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%98" title="អេមីរ៉ាតអារ៉ាប់រួម">អារ៉ាប់រួម</a></b></td> <td align="center">៩០០ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៤</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6" title="កាតា">កាតា</a></b></td> <td align="center">៥៦៣ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៥</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%8F" title="គុយវ៉ែត">គុយវ៉ែត</a></b></td> <td align="center">៤៩៩ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៦</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="បារ៉ែន">បារ៉ែន</a></b></td> <td align="center">១៦១ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៧</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/22px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/33px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/44px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អូម៉ង់">អូម៉ង់</a></b></td> <td align="center">១០០ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">៨</td> <td><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ាក់">អ៊ីរ៉ាក់</a></b></td> <td align="center">៥៨ </td></tr> <tr style="background:#9acdff;"> <th>សរុប </th> <td><b>ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស</b></td> <td align="center"><b>៥,១១៧</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="កោះ"><span id=".E1.9E.80.E1.9F.84.E1.9F.87"></span>កោះ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=10" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ កោះ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>កោះដ៏ធំជាងគេនៅឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សគឺ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%83%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="កោះកេឃ្សឹម (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កោះកេឃ្សឹម</a> ដែលមានទីតាំងស្ថិតនៅ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ច្រកសមុទ្រអ័រមូស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ច្រកសមុទ្រអ័រមូស</a> និងជាកម្មសិទ្ធិរបស់ប្រទេសអ៊ីរ៉ង់។ កោះសំខាន់ៗផ្សេងទៀតនៅក្នុងឈូងសមុទ្រមួយនេះរួមមាន៖ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%92%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="កោះទូនបេធំនិងតូច (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កោះទូនបេធំនិងតូច</a> និងកោះ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="គីស្ស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">គីស្ស</a>របស់អ៊ីរ៉ង់ កោះ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប៊ូប៊ីយ៉ាន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប៊ូប៊ីយ៉ាន</a>របស់គុយវ៉ែត <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="កោះតារោត (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">កោះតារោត</a>របស់អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត និង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6_(%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ដាល់ម៉ា (កោះ) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដាល់ម៉ា</a>នៅអារ៉ាប់រួម។ នៅប៉ុន្មានឆ្នាំថ្មីៗនេះ កោះសិប្បនិមិត្តបន្ថែមត្រូវបានសាងឡើងដើម្បីទាក់ទាញភ្ញៀវទេសចរណ៍ ដូចជា <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ដឹវើលដ៍អាយស្លែនស៍ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដឹវើលដ៍អាយស្លែនស៍</a> នៅទីក្រុង<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ឌូបៃ">ឌូបៃ</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9B-%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ដឹភើល-កាតា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដឹភើល-កាតា</a> នៅ<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6" title="ដូហា">ដូហា</a>។ បណ្ដាកោះនៅឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សក៏មានសារៈសំខាន់ជាប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រផងដែរ ដោយពួកវាត្រូវបានមហាអំណាចអាណានិគមប្រើប្រាស់កាលពីអតីតកាលដូចជា ចក្រភពព័រទុយហ្កាល់ និងអង់គ្លេសសម្រាប់វិស័យពាណិជ្ជកម្មរបស់ពួកគេ។<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៣៥<span 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title="បារ៉ែន">បារ៉ែន</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ង់">អ៊ីរ៉ង់</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ាក់">អ៊ីរ៉ាក់</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F" title="អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត">អារ៉ាប៊ីសាអ៊ូឌីត</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អូម៉ង់">អូម៉ង់</a> និង<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%98" title="អេមីរ៉ាតអារ៉ាប់រួម">អេមីរ៉ាតអារ៉ាប់រួម</a>។ ទីតាំងយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រនៃឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្សបានធ្វើឱ្យវាក្លាយជាទីកន្លែងដ៏ល្អសម្រាប់ដំណើរអភិវឌ្ឍន៍មនុស្ស។ បច្ចុប្បន្ននេះ ទីក្រុងធំៗជាច្រើននៃតំបន់មជ្ឈិមបូព៌ាគឺមានទីតាំងស្ថិតនៅក្នុងតំបន់នេះ។ </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><ul 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អាល់ហ្វាវ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អាល់ហ្វាវ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ាក់">អ៊ីរ៉ាក់</a></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ប្រេង_និងឧស្ម័ន"><span id=".E1.9E.94.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9F.81.E1.9E.84_.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.84.E1.9E.A7.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.90.E1.9E.93"></span>ប្រេង និងឧស្ម័ន</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=12" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ប្រេង និងឧស្ម័ន"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Oil_and_Gas_Infrastructure_Persian_Gulf_(large).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Oil_and_Gas_Infrastructure_Persian_Gulf_%28large%29.gif/220px-Oil_and_Gas_Infrastructure_Persian_Gulf_%28large%29.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Oil_and_Gas_Infrastructure_Persian_Gulf_%28large%29.gif/330px-Oil_and_Gas_Infrastructure_Persian_Gulf_%28large%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Oil_and_Gas_Infrastructure_Persian_Gulf_%28large%29.gif/440px-Oil_and_Gas_Infrastructure_Persian_Gulf_%28large%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="844" /></a><figcaption>វាល និងបំពង់បង្ហូរប្រេង និងឧស្ម័ន</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="មើលផងដែរ"><span id=".E1.9E.98.E1.9E.BE.E1.9E.9B.E1.9E.95.E1.9E.84.E1.9E.8A.E1.9F.82.E1.9E.9A"></span>មើលផងដែរ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=13" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ មើលផងដែរ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អារ៉ាប់ខាងកើត (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អារ៉ាប់ខាងកើត</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឧបទ្វីបមូសង់ដាម (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ឧបទ្វីបមូសង់ដាម</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ឯកសារយោង"><span id=".E1.9E.AF.E1.9E.80.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.99.E1.9F.84.E1.9E.84"></span>ឯកសារយោង</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=14" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ឯកសារយោង"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r295543">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-unstats.un.org-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-unstats.un.org_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/23-gegn/wp/gegn23wp61.pdf">Working Paper No. 61</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121003154349/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/23-gegn/wp/gegn23wp61.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-10-03 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., 23rd Session, Vienna, 28 March – 4 April 2006. accessed October 9, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A Brief Tectonic History of the Arabian basin. Retrieved from the website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?pageid=133">http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?pageid=133</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917004218/http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?pageid=133">Archived</a> 2018-09-17 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21696486-newly-found-species-algae-might-help-corals-survive-warm-water-hot">"A hot survivor"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខតំណមាត្រដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ត.ម.អ.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21696486-newly-found-species-algae-might-help-corals-survive-warm-water-hot">https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21696486-newly-found-species-algae-might-help-corals-survive-warm-water-hot</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+hot+survivor&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-and-technology%2F21696486-newly-found-species-algae-might-help-corals-survive-warm-water-hot&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> (1 March 2020)"The unconquerable country: the Babylonian marshes in the Neo-Assyrian sources". <i>Water History</i> <b>12</b> (1): 57–73. <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670" class="extiw" title="d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12685-020-00245-5">10.1007/s12685-020-00245-5</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Touraj Daryaee (2003). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jwh/14.1/daryaee.html">The Persian Gulf Trade in Late Antiquity</a>". <i>Journal of World History</i> <b>14</b> (1).</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r312616">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536034">"Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Documents+on+the+Persian+Gulf%27s+name+the+eternal+heritage+ancient+time+by+Dr.Mohammad+Ajam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapan.mfa.gov.ir%2Fen%2Fnewsview%2F536034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency_(CIA)" class="citation web cs1">Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/">"The World Fact Book"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Fact+Book&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency+%28CIA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Firan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFnationsonline.org" class="citation web cs1">nationsonline.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127182747/http://nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/iran_map.htm">"Political Map of Iran"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/iran_map.htm">the original</a> on 2010-11-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Political+Map+of+Iran&rft.au=nationsonline.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationsonline.org%2Foneworld%2Fmap%2Firan_map.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Cite_web" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> and <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> specified (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archiveurl=</code> and <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> specified (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations" class="citation web cs1">United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/htmain.htm">"United Nations Cartographic Section (Middle East Map)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630232206/http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/htmain.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Cartographic+Section+%28Middle+East+Map%29&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2FCartographic%2Fenglish%2Fhtmain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LINK2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LINK2_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Niusha Boghrati, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldpress.org/Mideast/2616.cfm"><i>Omission of 'Persian Gulf' Name Angers Iran</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070109185735/http://www.worldpress.org/Mideast/2616.cfm">Archived</a> 2007-01-09 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%81_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន</a>., World Press.com, December 28, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Zraick, Karen (January 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/world/middleeast/persian-gulf-arabian-gulf-iran-saudi-arabia.html">"Persian (or Arabian) Gulf Is Caught in the Middle of Regional Rivalries"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/world/middleeast/persian-gulf-arabian-gulf-iran-saudi-arabia.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/world/middleeast/persian-gulf-arabian-gulf-iran-saudi-arabia.html</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Persian+%28or+Arabian%29+Gulf+Is+Caught+in+the+Middle+of+Regional+Rivalries&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.aulast=Zraick&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Zraick%2C%26%2332%3BKaren&rft.date=January+12%2C+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F01%2F13%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fpersian-gulf-arabian-gulf-iran-saudi-arabia.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IHO2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IHO2_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf">"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. p. 21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limits+of+Oceans+and+Seas%2C+3rd+edition&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=International+Hydrographic+Organization&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiho.int%2Fuploads%2Fuser%2Fpubs%2Fstandards%2Fs-23%2FS-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Eilts, Hermann (Fall 1980). "Security Considerations in the Persian Gulf". <i>International Security</i> <b>5</b> (2): 79–113. <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670" class="extiw" title="d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538446">10.2307/2538446</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Abedin, Mahan (December 4, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FL09Ak03.html">"All at Sea over 'the Gulf'"</a>. <i>Asia Times Online</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FL09Ak03.html">http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FL09Ak03.html</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=All+at+Sea+over+%27the+Gulf%27&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times+Online&rft.aulast=Abedin&rft.aufirst=Mahan&rft.au=Abedin%2C%26%2332%3BMahan&rft.date=December+4%2C+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FMiddle_East%2FFL09Ak03.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Bosworth, C. Edmund (1980). "The Nomenclature of the Persian Gulf". ជា Cottrell, Alvin J.. <i>The Persian Gulf States: A General Survey</i>. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. xvii–xxxvi.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Nomenclature+of+the+Persian+Gulf&rft.atitle=The+Persian+Gulf+States%3A+A+General+Survey&rft.aulast=Bosworth%2C+C.+Edmund&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+C.+Edmund&rft.date=1980&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3Bxvii%E2%80%93xxxvi&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2016/06/14/1104478/iranian-archaeologists-uncover-paleolithic-stone-tools-on-qeshm-island">"Iranian Archaeologists Uncover Paleolithic Stone Tools on Qeshm Island – Tasnim News Agency"</a>. <i>Tasnim News Agency</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2016/06/14/1104478/iranian-archaeologists-uncover-paleolithic-stone-tools-on-qeshm-island">https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2016/06/14/1104478/iranian-archaeologists-uncover-paleolithic-stone-tools-on-qeshm-island</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iranian+Archaeologists+Uncover+Paleolithic+Stone+Tools+on+Qeshm+Island+%E2%80%93+Tasnim+News+Agency&rft.jtitle=Tasnim+News+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tasnimnews.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2016%2F06%2F14%2F1104478%2Firanian-archaeologists-uncover-paleolithic-stone-tools-on-qeshm-island&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">M. Th. Houtsma (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sP_hVmik-QYC&pg=PA179"><i>E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-90-04-09796-4" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-90-04-09796-4">978-90-04-09796-4</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sP_hVmik-QYC&pg=PA179">https://books.google.com/books?id=sP_hVmik-QYC&pg=PA179</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">។ បានយកមក 2023-05-15</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=E.J.+Brill%27s+first+encyclopaedia+of+Islam+1913%E2%80%931936&rft.aulast=M.+Th.+Houtsma&rft.au=M.+Th.+Houtsma&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09796-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsP_hVmik-QYC%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navy-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-navy_18-0">១៨,០</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-navy_18-1">១៨,១</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-navy_18-2">១៨,២</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Kaveh Farrokh (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p7kltwf9yrwC&pg=PA68"><i>Shadows in the desert: ancient Persia at war</i></a>. Osprey Publishing. p. 68. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-1-84603-108-3" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-1-84603-108-3">978-1-84603-108-3</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p7kltwf9yrwC&pg=PA68">https://books.google.com/books?id=p7kltwf9yrwC&pg=PA68</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shadows+in+the+desert%3A+ancient+Persia+at+war&rft.aulast=Kaveh+Farrokh&rft.au=Kaveh+Farrokh&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B68&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-108-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp7kltwf9yrwC%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Pierre Briant (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lxQ9W6F1oSYC&pg=PA761"><i>From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire</i></a>. Eisenbrauns. p. 761. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-1-57506-120-7" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-1-57506-120-7">978-1-57506-120-7</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lxQ9W6F1oSYC&pg=PA761">https://books.google.com/books?id=lxQ9W6F1oSYC&pg=PA761</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Cyrus+to+Alexander%3A+A+History+of+the+Persian+Empire&rft.aulast=Pierre+Briant&rft.au=Pierre+Briant&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B761&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-120-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlxQ9W6F1oSYC%26pg%3DPA761&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFBritish_Institute_of_Persian_Studies" class="citation web cs1">British Institute of Persian Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bips.ac.uk/sites/siraf">"Siraf"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716111330/http://www.bips.ac.uk/sites/siraf">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siraf&rft.au=British+Institute+of+Persian+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bips.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fsiraf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Flannery, John M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nz5TO9BNFH8C&q=Portuguese+kong+persian+Gulf+1730&pg=PA108"><i>The Mission of the Portuguese Augustinians to Persia and Beyond (1602-1747) Por John M. Flannery</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-9004243828" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-9004243828">978-9004243828</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nz5TO9BNFH8C&q=Portuguese+kong+persian+Gulf+1730&pg=PA108">https://books.google.com/books?id=Nz5TO9BNFH8C&q=Portuguese+kong+persian+Gulf+1730&pg=PA108</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mission+of+the+Portuguese+Augustinians+to+Persia+and+Beyond+%281602-1747%29+Por+John+M.+Flannery&rft.aulast=Flannery&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft.au=Flannery%2C%26%2332%3BJohn+M.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9004243828&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNz5TO9BNFH8C%26q%3DPortuguese%2Bkong%2Bpersian%2BGulf%2B1730%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/persian-gulf-states/11.htm">"THE AGE OF COLONIALISM Persian Gulf States Table of Contents"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+AGE+OF+COLONIALISM+Persian+Gulf+States+Table+of+Contents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fpersian-gulf-states%2F11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Dashti, Naseer (October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xIjyLNpusbAC&q=Persian+gulf+portuguese+dominance&pg=PA154"><i>The Baloch and Balochistan: A Historical Account from the Beginning to the fall of Baloch state Por Naseer Dashti</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/9781466958968" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/9781466958968">9781466958968</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xIjyLNpusbAC&q=Persian+gulf+portuguese+dominance&pg=PA154">https://books.google.com/books?id=xIjyLNpusbAC&q=Persian+gulf+portuguese+dominance&pg=PA154</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baloch+and+Balochistan%3A+A+Historical+Account+from+the+Beginning+to+the+fall+of+Baloch+state+Por+Naseer+Dashti&rft.aulast=Dashti&rft.aufirst=Naseer&rft.au=Dashti%2C%26%2332%3BNaseer&rft.date=October+2012&rft.isbn=9781466958968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxIjyLNpusbAC%26q%3DPersian%2Bgulf%2Bportuguese%2Bdominance%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-j163353-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-j163353_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Juan R. I. Cole (1987). "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300–1800". <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i> <b>19</b> (2): 177–203 [186]. <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670" class="extiw" title="d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0020743800031834">10.1017/s0020743800031834</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rahman 1979, pp. 138–139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogan1199-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogan1199_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> (November 1999)"Review of The Ottoman Gulf: The Creation of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar by Frederick F. Anscombe; The Blood-Red Arab Flag: An Investigation into Qasimi Piracy, 1797–1820 by Charles E. Davies; The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia and the Gulf, 1745–1900 by Hala Fattah". <i>British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies</i> <b>26</b> (2): 339–342. <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670" class="extiw" title="d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q25670">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13530199908705688">10.1080/13530199908705688</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-diwan-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-diwan_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diwan.gov.qa/about-qatar/qatars-rulers/sheikh-abdullah-bin-jassim-al-thani?sc_lang=en">"Shaikh Abdullah Bin Jassim Al Thani – Amiri Diwan"</a>. Amiri Diwan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180307214352/https://www.diwan.gov.qa/about-qatar/qatars-rulers/sheikh-abdullah-bin-jassim-al-thani?sc_lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shaikh+Abdullah+Bin+Jassim+Al+Thani+%E2%80%93+Amiri+Diwan&rft.pub=Amiri+Diwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diwan.gov.qa%2Fabout-qatar%2Fqatars-rulers%2Fsheikh-abdullah-bin-jassim-al-thani%3Fsc_lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Martin Blumenson; Robert W. Coakley; Stetson Conn; Byron Fairchild; Richard M. Leighton; Charles V.P. von Luttichau; Martin Blumenson; Robert W. Coakley 7et al (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XIxWWhu9ARoC&pg=PA225"><i>Command Decisions</i></a>. Government Printing Office. p. 225<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XIxWWhu9ARoC&pg=PA225">https://books.google.com/books?id=XIxWWhu9ARoC&pg=PA225</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Command+Decisions&rft.aulast=Martin+Blumenson&rft.au=Martin+Blumenson&rft.au=Robert+W.+Coakley&rft.au=Stetson+Conn&rft.au=Byron+Fairchild&rft.au=Richard+M.+Leighton&rft.au=Charles+V.P.+von+Luttichau&rft.au=Martin+Blumenson&rft.au=Robert+W.+Coakley&rft.au=Stetson+Conn&rft.date=1960&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B225&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXIxWWhu9ARoC%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">T. H. Vail Motter (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t3QGAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Persian Corridor and aid to Russia, Volume 7, Part 1</i></a>. Office of the Chief of Military History, Dept. of the Army<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t3QGAQAAIAAJ">https://books.google.com/books?id=t3QGAQAAIAAJ</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Corridor+and+aid+to+Russia%2C+Volume+7%2C+Part+1&rft.aulast=T.+H.+Vail+Motter&rft.au=T.+H.+Vail+Motter&rft.date=1952&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Chief+of+Military+History%2C+Dept.+of+the+Army&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt3QGAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Potter, L. (2009-01-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ncfIAAAAQBAJ"><i>The Persian Gulf in History</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/9780230618459" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/9780230618459">9780230618459</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ncfIAAAAQBAJ">https://books.google.com/books?id=ncfIAAAAQBAJ</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Gulf+in+History&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Potter%2C%26%2332%3BL.&rft.date=2009-01-05&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=9780230618459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DncfIAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFRanter" class="citation web cs1">Ranter, Harro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112225941/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880703-0">"ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A300B2-203 EP-IBU Qeshm Island"</a>. <i>www.aviation-safety.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880703-0">the original</a> on 2020-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aviation-safety.net&rft.atitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+Airbus+A300B2-203+EP-IBU+Qeshm+Island&rft.aulast=Ranter&rft.aufirst=Harro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D19880703-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IHO-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IHO_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf">"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limits+of+Oceans+and+Seas%2C+3rd+edition&rft.pub=International+Hydrographic+Organization&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiho.int%2Fuploads%2Fuser%2Fpubs%2Fstandards%2Fs-23%2FS-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez">"EEZ"</a>. <i>www.seaaroundus.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.seaaroundus.org&rft.atitle=EEZ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seaaroundus.org%2Fdata%2F%23%2Feez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/911?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10">"Catches by Taxon in the waters of Oman (Musandam)"</a>. <i>www.seaaroundus.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.seaaroundus.org&rft.atitle=Catches+by+Taxon+in+the+waters+of+Oman+%28Musandam%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seaaroundus.org%2Fdata%2F%23%2Feez%2F911%3Fchart%3Dcatch-chart%26dimension%3Dtaxon%26measure%3Dtonnage%26limit%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFRamerini" class="citation web cs1">Ramerini, Marco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911015234/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/portuguese-persian-gulf-arabian-peninsula/">"Portuguese in the Arabia and the Persian Gulf"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colonialvoyage.com/eng/asia/persian_gulf/index.html">the original</a> on 2015-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portuguese+in+the+Arabia+and+the+Persian+Gulf&rft.aulast=Ramerini&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colonialvoyage.com%2Feng%2Fasia%2Fpersian_gulf%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">បានពី "<a dir="ltr" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស&oldid=308716">https://km.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ឈូងសមុទ្រពែរ្ស&oldid=308716</a>"</div></div> <div 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