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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ast.wikipedia.org&uselang=ast" class=""><span>Donativos</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_una_cuenta&returnto=Estupa" title="Encamentámoste que crees una cuenta y qu'anicies sesión; sicasí, nun ye obligatorio" class=""><span>Crear una cuenta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=Estupa" title="T'encamentamos que t'identifiques, anque nun ye obligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Entrar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Más opciones" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramientes personales" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramientes personales</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú de usuario" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ast.wikipedia.org&uselang=ast"><span>Donativos</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_una_cuenta&returnto=Estupa" title="Encamentámoste que crees una cuenta y qu'anicies sesión; sicasí, nun ye obligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear una cuenta</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=Estupa" title="T'encamentamos que 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</nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Conteníu" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteníu</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Entamu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Orixe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orixe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Orixe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orixe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estructura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estructura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Estructura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Estructura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Estructura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Estructura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Simbolismu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simbolismu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Simbolismu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simbolismu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carauterístiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carauterístiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Carauterístiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carauterístiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decoración" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decoración"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Decoración</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decoración-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolución_y_particularidaes_rexonales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolución_y_particularidaes_rexonales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Evolución y particularidaes rexonales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolución_y_particularidaes_rexonales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipos_de_estupas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipos_de_estupas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Tipos de estupas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipos_de_estupas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_tamién" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_tamién"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ver tamién</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_tamién-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaces_esternos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaces_esternos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Enllaces esternos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaces_esternos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteníu" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Estupa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 75 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 llingües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoepa" title="Stoepa – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stoepa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="إسطبة – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسطبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fstup" title="Əstup – azerbaixanu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əstup" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaixanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Ступа (архітэктура) – bielorrusu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ступа (архітэктура)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Ступа – búlgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ступа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA" title="स्तूप – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="स्तूप" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA" title="স্তূপ – bengalín" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্তূপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Субарга – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Субарга" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%BApa" title="Stúpa – checu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stúpa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Στούπα – griegu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στούπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupao" title="Stupao – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stupao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estupa" title="Estupa – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estupa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuupa" title="Stuupa – estoniu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Stuupa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estupa" title="Estupa – vascu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estupa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="vascu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="استوپا – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استوپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%ABpa" title="Stūpa – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stūpa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – gallegu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="סטופה – hebréu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebréu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA" title="स्तूप – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्तूप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szt%C3%BApa" title="Sztúpa – húngaru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sztúpa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BA%D5%A1" title="Ստուպա – armeniu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստուպա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – indonesiu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%BApa" title="Stúpa – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stúpa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – italianu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8F%E5%A1%94" title="仏塔 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="仏塔" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="სტუპა – xeorxanu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტუპა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Ступа – kazaquistanín" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ступа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaquistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%99" title="ចេតិយ – ḥemer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចេតិយ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ḥemer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AA" title="ಸ್ತೂಪ – canarés" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ತೂಪ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%88%AC%ED%8C%8C" title="스투파 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스투파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – llatín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%ABpa" title="Stūpa – lituanu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stūpa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%ABpa" title="Stūpa – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stūpa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%82" title="സ്തൂപം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്തൂപം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Суварга – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Суварга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA" title="स्तूप – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्तूप" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA" title="स्तूप – nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्तूप" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoepa" title="Stoepa – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stoepa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – noruegu Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegu Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – noruegu Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegu Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="سٹوپا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سٹوپا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estupa" title="Estupa – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estupa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stup%C4%83" title="Stupă – rumanu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stupă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Ступа (сооружение) – rusu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ступа (сооружение)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="اسٽوپا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسٽوپا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – serbo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A" title="දාගැබ් – cingalés" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දාගැබ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa_(zgradba)" title="Stupa (zgradba) – eslovenu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stupa (zgradba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa_(arkitektur%C3%AB)" title="Stupa (arkitekturë) – albanu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stupa (arkitekturë)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Ступа – serbiu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ступа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – suecu" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தாது கோபுரம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாது கோபுரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82" title="స్తూపం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్తూపం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B" title="สถูป – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถูป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Ступа (архітектура) – ucraín" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ступа (архітектура)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="استوپا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="استوپا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – uzbequistanín" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbequistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B9_%C4%91%E1%BB%93" title="Phù đồ – vietnamín" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phù đồ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Stupa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%A3%E5%A0%B5%E5%9D%A1" title="窣堵坡 – chinu wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="窣堵坡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinu wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Суврульһан – calmuco" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Суврульһан" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmuco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%A3%E5%A0%B5%E5%9D%A1" title="窣堵坡 – chinu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="窣堵坡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E5%88%A9%E5%A1%94" title="舍利塔 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="舍利塔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180987#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar los enllaces d'interllingua" class="wbc-editpage">Editar los enllaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nome"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estupa" title="Ver la páxina de conteníu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Páxina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderique:Estupa&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Alderique tocante al conteníu de la páxina (la páxina nun esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Alderique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar variante de idioma" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">asturianu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estupa"><span>Lleer</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit" title="Editar el códigu fonte d'esta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar la fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=history" title="Versiones antigües d'esta páxina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramientes de páxina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramientes" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramientes</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramientes</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Más opciones" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aiciones </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estupa"><span>Lleer</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit" title="Editar el códigu fonte d'esta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar la fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=history"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Xeneral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:LoQueEnlazaAqu%C3%AD/Estupa" title="Llista de toles páxines wiki qu'enllacien equí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lo qu'enllaza equí</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosEnEnlazadas/Estupa" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recientes nes páxines enllazaes dende esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios rellacionaos</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ast" title="Xubir ficheros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Xubir ficheru</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasEspeciales" title="Llista de toles páxines especiales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páxines especiales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&oldid=4218167" title="Enllaz permanente a esta revisión de la páxina"><span>Enllaz permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=info" title="Más información sobro esta páxina"><span>Información de la páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Estupa&id=4218167&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información tocante a cómo citar esta páxina"><span>Citar esta páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Acortador_de_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fast.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstupa"><span>Llograr la URL encurtiada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fast.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstupa"><span>Xenerar códigu QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprentar/esportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Estupa"><span>Crear un llibru</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Estupa&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&printable=yes" title="Versión imprentable d'esta páxina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión pa imprentar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> N'otros proyeutos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Stupa" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180987" title="Enllaz al elementu del depósitu de datos coneutáu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elementu de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramientes de páxina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">despintar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-tradubot" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estupa" title="Esti artículu foi traducíu automáticamente y precisa revisase manualmente"><img alt="Esti artículu foi traducíu automáticamente y precisa revisase manualmente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/16px-Robot_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/24px-Robot_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/32px-Robot_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ast" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Samye_Ling_Stupa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Samye_Ling_Stupa.JPG/300px-Samye_Ling_Stupa.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Samye_Ling_Stupa.JPG/450px-Samye_Ling_Stupa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Samye_Ling_Stupa.JPG/600px-Samye_Ling_Stupa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Estupa n'Escocia, Reinu Xuníu.</figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>estupa</b> (en <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1nscritu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sánscritu">sánscritu</a>: m. स्तूप, <i>stūpa</i>, tibetanu: མཆོད་རྟེན་, chöten, <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">idioma palí</a>: थुप, <i>thupa</i>) ye un tipu d'arquiteutura <a href="/wiki/Budismu" title="Budismu">budista</a> y <a href="/wiki/Xainismu" title="Xainismu">yaina</a> fecha pa contener reliquies, que deriva probablemente de los antiguos túmulos funerarios. Atópase estendida por tol <a href="/wiki/Sureste_asi%C3%A1ticu" title="Sureste asiáticu">sureste asiáticu</a>. En dellos países asiáticos surorientales conozse como <i>chedi</i> y n'otros países (como <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>) <i>dagoba</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orixe">Orixe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar seición: Orixe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Orixe"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Chaukhandi_Stupa-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Chaukhandi_Stupa-1.jpg/220px-Chaukhandi_Stupa-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Chaukhandi_Stupa-1.jpg/330px-Chaukhandi_Stupa-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Chaukhandi_Stupa-1.jpg/440px-Chaukhandi_Stupa-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2036" /></a><figcaption>Estupa de Chaukhandi, na ciudá <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">india</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarnath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarnath (la páxina nun esiste)">Sarnath</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Borobudur.Stupas.am002.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Borobudur.Stupas.am002.JPG/220px-Borobudur.Stupas.am002.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Borobudur.Stupas.am002.JPG/330px-Borobudur.Stupas.am002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Borobudur.Stupas.am002.JPG/440px-Borobudur.Stupas.am002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Estupa de <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>El estupa, creáu pol <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperador_Ashoka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperador Ashoka (la páxina nun esiste)">emperador Ashoka</a> nel <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_III_e.C." title="Sieglu III e.C.">sieglu III e.C. </a> (anque dalgunos consideren que tien un orixe megalíticu, nel <a href="/wiki/II_mileniu_e.C." class="mw-redirect" title="II mileniu e.C.">II mileniu e.C. </a>), ye un monumentu funerariu de pelegrinación. Ye'l monumentu más importante na historia d'India, porque ye'l más antiguu y dizse que foi construyíu pa contener les cenices de Buda. En <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanchi (la páxina nun esiste)">Sanchi</a> atópense trés estupas, estremaos na Gran Estupa (númberu 1) y los estupas númberu 2 y 3, por cuenta de que les cenices de Buda fueron estremaes ente ocho congregaciones de monxos distintos en distintos llugares, y nesti llugar ye que s'atopen los trés más antiguos. El monumentu funerariu, ello ye que representa la "mente despierta" y el camín necesariu pa llegar a esti estáu espiritual. Estéticamente, representa'l cuerpu de Buda, la so pallabra y la so mente, qu'enseñen el senderu del espertar. Sobre una gran plataforma <i>(medhi)</i>, a manera d'<a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> sacrificial, que representa la tierra, álzase'l cuerpu central semiesféricu, macizu, que representa la bóveda celeste (<i>anda</i>, 'güevu'). Enriba, atópase un barganal cuadrangular <i>(harmika)</i> que fai referencia y simboliza la residencia de la divinidá protexendo la parte cimera de la exa del <a href="/wiki/Universu" title="Universu">universu</a> <i>(iashti)</i>, que hipotéticamente traviesa la bóveda. </p><p>Sobre la exa asítiense dellos discos decrecientes <i>(chatravali)</i>, que dan forma d'una sombriella sagrada faciendo fincapié na dignidá que representa la reliquia en cuestión (cuantos más <i>chatravali</i> haya, más sagráu considérase). El <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelegr%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelegrín (la páxina nun esiste)">pelegrín</a> tenía d'averase dende l'este, y arrodiala d'esquierda a derecha, de forma que siempres el monumentu tenía que quedar a la parte derecha. Asonsañando asina, el sentíu en que les estrelles arredolen el firmamentu del cielu. </p><p>Nos llugares más significativos del imperiu d'<a href="/wiki/Ashoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> fueron alzaes más de 80 000 estupas, que más tarde fueron recubiertos y afataos en posteriores etapes, sobremanera mientres les dinastíes <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinast%C3%ADa_shunga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastía shunga (la páxina nun esiste)">shunga</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andhara (la páxina nun esiste)">andhara</a>. Pol ésitu que tuvieron estos monumentos, llegaron a rexuntar a grandes mases de creyentes, de manera que foi necesaria la delimitación del llugar sacru pa la circunvalación del monumentu <i>(pradaksina)</i>. P'ayudar a adoctrinar un pueblu analfabetu, incapaz d'interpretar los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Testos_sagraos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Testos sagraos (la páxina nun esiste)">testos sagraos</a>, construyéronse'l deambulatorio (védika) y los cuatro puertes cardinales (toranas). Pa la correuta comprensión utilizábase un llinguaxe costumista y gayoleru. </p><p>A partir del <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_II" title="Sieglu II">sieglu II d. C.</a> col <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismu_mahayana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budismu mahayana (la páxina nun esiste)">budismu Mahayana</a> el estupa empieza la so espansión, anque calteniendo los sos elementos principales. </p><p>El prestíu foi creciendo y los estupas, col tiempu, convertir n'importantes llugares de pelegrinaxe. Fueron recubiertos con piedres, que con frecuencia yeren tallaes y qu'ilustraben la vida de <a href="/wiki/Buda" class="mw-redirect" title="Buda">Buda</a>. Nel <a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADbet" title="Tíbet">Tíbet</a>, el estupa evolucionó y tresformóse nel <i>chorten</i> formáu por una cúpula que fuelga sobre una base de cinco peldaños. Cada unu d'ellos simboliza los cinco elementos del mundu. Nel visu de la espiral atopa un sol sofitáu nuna lluna creciente que simbolicen la sabiduría y la compasión. En <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a> y en <a href="/wiki/Xap%C3%B3n" title="Xapón">Xapón</a>, los estupas tresformar en <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagodes</a>, representando'l cosmos budista. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Stupa_de_Benalmadena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Stupa_de_Benalmadena.jpg/220px-Stupa_de_Benalmadena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Stupa_de_Benalmadena.jpg/330px-Stupa_de_Benalmadena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Stupa_de_Benalmadena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa_del_Llume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estupa del Llume (la páxina nun esiste)">Estupa del Llume</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benalm%C3%A1dena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benalmádena (la páxina nun esiste)">Benalmádena</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Orixinalmente, los estupas consistíen nun montón de piedres apiladas en que'l so centru asitiar les <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reliquia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reliquia (la páxina nun esiste)">reliquies</a> de <a href="/wiki/Buda_Gautama" title="Buda Gautama">Buda Gautama</a>. Según la tradición, tres la <a href="/wiki/Cremaci%C3%B3n" title="Cremación">cremación</a> de <a href="/wiki/Buda" class="mw-redirect" title="Buda">Buda</a>, les sos reliquies partir n'ocho partes que s'apurrieron a los ocho reis que-y rindieren homenaxe: </p> <ul><li>el rei de <a href="/wiki/Magadha" title="Magadha">Magadha</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajatashatru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajatashatru (la páxina nun esiste)">Ayata-Shatru</a>),</li> <li>el rei de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Licchavi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Licchavi (la páxina nun esiste)">Licchavi</a>,</li> <li>el rei de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapilavastu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapilavastu (la páxina nun esiste)">Kapilavastu</a>,</li> <li>el rei d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allakappa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allakappa (la páxina nun esiste)">Allakappa</a>,</li> <li>el rei de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramagama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramagama (la páxina nun esiste)">Ramagama</a>,</li> <li>el rei de <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A2p%C3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pâpâ (la páxina nun esiste)">Pâpâ</a>,</li> <li>el rei de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kusin%C3%A2gar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kusinâgar (la páxina nun esiste)">Kusinâgar</a>,</li> <li>el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%A1hmana_(casta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bráhmana (casta) (la páxina nun esiste)">bráhmana</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vethadipa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vethadipa (la páxina nun esiste)">Vethadipa</a>, Estes</li></ul> <p>reliquies fueron les que se depositaron nos primitivos estupas. </p><p>Según les sos carauterístiques, los estupas pueden clasificase en cuatro categoríes: </p> <ul><li>Los <i>dhāel to-chaitia</i> que contienen reliquies.</li> <li>Los <i>paribhoga-chaitia</i> que contienen oxetos que pertenecieron a un <a href="/wiki/Buda" class="mw-redirect" title="Buda">Buda</a>.</li> <li>Los <i>dharma-chaitia</i> qu'esponen la doctrina budista.</li> <li>Los <i>uddeshika-chaitia</i> que tienen una función de santuariu.</li></ul> <p>Sicasí, non toes los estupas contienen reliquies. De la mesma, non toles reliquies caltener en estupas. </p><p>L'emperador <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> de la <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> ta consideráu como'l principal impulsor del espardimientu d'esti tipu de construcción. Según la tradición, ordenó la construcción de cerca de 84 000 estupas, anque se cree qu'esta cifra ye más simbólica que real. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estructura">Estructura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar seición: Estructura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Estructura"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un estupa compónse esencialmente de cinco componentes: </p> <ul><li>Una base cuadrada.</li> <li>Una bóveda hemisférica.</li> <li>Una punta cónica.</li> <li>Una lluna creciente.</li> <li>Un discu circular.</li></ul> <p>Cada unu d'estos componentes identificar con unu de los cinco elementos cósmicos: </p> <ul><li>tierra</li> <li>agua</li> <li>fueu</li> <li>aire</li> <li>éter (o espaciu).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simbolismu">Simbolismu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar seición: Simbolismu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Simbolismu"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El monumentu simboliza la doctrina budista na que cada parte representa elementos cósmicos. La base cuadrada representa la tierra. La bóveda hemisférica describe la parte celestial. La terraza simboliza la residencia de los dioses. La lluna creciente ye la unión del cielu y de la tierra. Y a lo último, los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chakr%C3%A1s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chakrás (la páxina nun esiste)">chakrás</a> o discos que coronen el mástil y, qu'a midida que ganen altor, pierden superficie y representen los cielos socesivos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carauterístiques"><span id="Carauter.C3.ADstiques"></span>Carauterístiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar seición: Carauterístiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Carauterístiques"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trátase d'un centru d'influencies bienhechoras, polo cual, teníase sumu curiáu a la d'allugar el monumentu. Nel edificiu recítense plegaries y medítase percorriéndolo alredor dexando siempres l'oxetu a venerar a la derecha. La estupa ta delimitada nun recintu cuadrangular, abiertu por aciu cuatro puertes empobinaes a los cuatro puntos cardinales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decoración"><span id="Decoraci.C3.B3n"></span>Decoración</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar seición: Decoración" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Decoración"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La decoración concentrar nes toranas, ye bien direuta, plástica y sensual<sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilid%C3%A1" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilidá">ensin referencies</a></i>]</sup> y que de cutiu representa los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakatas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakatas (la páxina nun esiste)">jakatas</a>, esto ye, les hestories de les anteriores vides de <a href="/wiki/Buda" class="mw-redirect" title="Buda">Buda</a> o de los sos siguidores. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolución_y_particularidaes_rexonales"><span id="Evoluci.C3.B3n_y_particularidaes_rexonales"></span>Evolución y particularidaes rexonales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar seición: Evolución y particularidaes rexonales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Evolución y particularidaes rexonales"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Jetavanaramaya_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jetavanaramaya_2.jpg/250px-Jetavanaramaya_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jetavanaramaya_2.jpg/375px-Jetavanaramaya_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jetavanaramaya_2.jpg/500px-Jetavanaramaya_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="952" /></a><figcaption>Estupa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jetavanaramaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jetavanaramaya (la páxina nun esiste)">Jetavanaramaya</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nel <a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADbet" title="Tíbet">Tíbet</a> les bóvedes hemisfériques tienen forma de bulbu y por casu en Sri Lanka son en forma de campana. N'Indochina tien forma de flecha y en <a href="/wiki/But%C3%A1n" title="Bután">Bután</a> y <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> decorar con unos güeyos pintaos. Nel Oriente d'Asia evolucionaron ganando monumentalidad y altor. La forma de les estupas varia según la rexón na que tea construyida. Nel <a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADbet" title="Tíbet">Tíbet</a>, por casu, tienen forma de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulbu_(bot%C3%A1nica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulbu (botánica) (la páxina nun esiste)">bulbu</a>, ente qu'en <a href="/wiki/Birmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmania">Birmania</a> aseméyense más a una campana. Nos últimos decenios aumentó la construcción de estupas fora d'Asia. </p><p>N'España'l primera estupa construyir en 1990 nel monesteriu Osel Ling na Alpujarra granadina, siguíu en 1992 pol del monesteriu de Dag Shang Kagyu, en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panillo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panillo (la páxina nun esiste)">Panillo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Huesca" class="mw-redirect" title="Huesca">Huesca</a>), onde na actualidá hai trés grandes estupas. El más grande d'España y unu de les más grandes fora d'Asia ye'l estupa del Llume en Benalmádena de 33 metros d'altor. Hai estupas d'un altor cimeru a los 10 metros en Karma Guen (Vélez Málaga) o Sakya Tashi Ling (Barcelona), ente otros llugares. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tipos_de_estupas">Tipos de estupas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar seición: Tipos de estupas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Tipos de estupas"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les estupas budistes son construyíes por delles razones, y son clasificaes sobre la base de la so forma y función en cinco tipos:<sup id="cite_ref-Phuoc2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phuoc2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Estupa de reliquies</b>, na cual tán soterraes reliquies o restos de Buda, los sos discípulos y santos llaicos.</li> <li><b>Estupa d'oxetos</b>, na cual los oxetos soterraos pertenecíen al Buda o a los sos discípulos, tales como tazones de pedimiar o ropes, o escritures budistes importantes.</li> <li><b>Estupa conmemorativa</b>, construyida pa conmemorar eventos nes vides del Buda y los sos discípulos.</li> <li><b>Estupa simbólica</b>, que simboliza aspeutos de la teoloxía budista, por casu, Borobudur ye consideráu'l símbolu de los "Tres mundo (<i>dhatu</i>) y les fases espirituales (<i>bhumi</i>) nel calter d'una bodisattva nel budismu Mahayana.<sup id="cite_ref-Phuoc2010_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phuoc2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Estupa de votu</b>, construyida pa conmemorar visites o recibir beneficios espirituales. Suelen ser ergidas en sitios onde hai estupas prominentes que son visitaes con regularidá.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Phuoc2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Phuoc2010_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Phuoc2010_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">-y Huu Phuoc (marzu de 2010). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9jb364g4BvoC&pg=PA140">Buddhist Architecture</a></i>. Grafikol, páx. 140. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-9844043-0-8" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-9844043-0-8">ISBN 978-0-9844043-0-8</a>. Consultáu'l 8 d'avientu de 2011.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_tamién"><span id="Ver_tami.C3.A9n"></span>Ver tamién</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar seición: Ver tamién" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Ver tamién"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte_de_la_India" title="Arte de la India">Arte de la India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chorten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chorten (la páxina nun esiste)">Chorten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circunvalaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circunvalación (la páxina nun esiste)">Circunvalación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikhara (la páxina nun esiste)">Sikhara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vihara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vihara (la páxina nun esiste)">Vihara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaitya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaitya (la páxina nun esiste)">Chaitya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%ADmana_(arquiteutura)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vímana (arquiteutura) (la páxina nun esiste)">Vímana (arquiteutura)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaces_esternos">Enllaces esternos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar seición: Enllaces esternos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estupa&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Enllaces esternos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="navigation-not-searchable"> </span></p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> tien conteníu multimedia tocante a <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Stupa" class="extiw" 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