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fundamental rights</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: implied fundamental rights"> <meta name="keywords" content="implied fundamental rights"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="implied fundamental rights"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3181</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: implied fundamental rights</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3181</span> Implied Fundamental Rights under Article 21 of the Constitution of India: Effects and Applicability </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Sathish%20Gowda">N. Sathish Gowda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A constitution without fundamental rights will become zero. The very object of constitution of three organs viz, legislature, executive and judiciary under the constitution of India is to protect, preserve and promote fundamental rights guaranteed under part-III. In India, along with express fundamental rights, Supreme Court has also recognized implied fundamental rights. But, unfortunately State has not been implementing these implied fundamental rights. In this regard, this research paper discusses the catalogue of implied fundamental rights evolved by the judiciary in interpreting Article 21 of the Constitution of India and seeks to examine the effects and applicability of these rights in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title="fundamental rights">fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuances%20of%20Article%2021" title=" nuances of Article 21"> nuances of Article 21</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=express%20fundamental%20rights" title=" express fundamental rights"> express fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implied%20fundamental%20rights" title=" implied fundamental rights"> implied fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procedure%20established%20by%20law" title=" procedure established by law"> procedure established by law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9956/implied-fundamental-rights-under-article-21-of-the-constitution-of-india-effects-and-applicability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3180</span> The Standard of Reasonableness in Fundamental Rights Adjudication under the Indian Constitution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandita%20Narayan">Nandita Narayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In most constitutional democracies, courts have been the gatekeepers of fundamental rights. The task of determining whether a violation is in fact justified, therefore, is judicial. Any state action, legislative or administrative, has to be tested by the application of two standards – first, the action must be within the scope of the authority conferred by law and, second, it must be reasonable. If any action, within the scope of the authority conferred by law is found to be unreasonable, it will be struck down as unconstitutional or ultra vires. This paper seeks to analyse the varying standards of reasonableness adopted by the Supreme Court of India where there is a violation of fundamental rights by state action. This is sought to be done by scrutinising case laws and classifying the legality of the violation under one of three levels of judicial scrutiny—strict, intermediate, or weak. The paper concludes by proving that there is an irregularity in the standards adopted, thus resulting in undue discretionary power of the judiciary which strikes at the very concept of reasonableness and ultimately becomes arbitrary in nature. This conclusion is reached by the comparison of reasonableness review of fundamental rights in other jurisdictions such as the USA and Canada. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutional%20law" title="constitutional law">constitutional law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial%20review" title=" judicial review"> judicial review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title=" fundamental rights"> fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reasonableness" title=" reasonableness"> reasonableness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86499/the-standard-of-reasonableness-in-fundamental-rights-adjudication-under-the-indian-constitution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3179</span> From Protector to Violator: Assessing State's Role in Protecting Freedom of Religion in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manotar%20Tampubolon">Manotar Tampubolon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia is a country that upholds the law, human rights and religious freedom. The freedom that implied in various laws and constitution (Undang-undang 1945) is not necessarily applicable in practice of religious life. In one side, the state has a duty as protector and guarantor of freedom, on the other side, however, it turns into one of the actors of freedom violations of religion minority. State action that interferes freedom of religion is done in various ways both intentionally or negligently or not to perform its obligations in the enforcement of human rights (human rights due diligence). Besides the state, non-state actors such as religious organizations, individuals also become violators of the rights of religious freedom. This article will discuss two fundamental issues that interfere freedom of religion in Indonesia after democratic era. In addition, this article also discusses a comprehensive state policy that discriminates minority religions to manifest their faith. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20freedom" title="religious freedom">religious freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitution" title=" constitution"> constitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minority%20faith" title=" minority faith"> minority faith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20actor" title=" state actor"> state actor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64690/from-protector-to-violator-assessing-states-role-in-protecting-freedom-of-religion-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3178</span> Positive Obligations of the State Concerning the Protection of Human Rights</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Florczak-Wator">Monika Florczak-Wator</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The model of positive obligations of the state concerning the protection of the rights of an individual was created within the jurisdiction of the German Federal Constitutional Court in the 1970s. That model assumes that the state should protect an individual against infringement of their fundamental rights by another individual. It is based on the idea concerning the modification of the function and duties of the state towards an individual and society. Initially the state was perceived as the main infringer of the fundamental rights of an individual formulating the individual’s obligations of negative nature (obligation of noninterference), however, at present the state is perceived as a guarantor and protector of the fundamental rights of an individual of positive nature (obligation of protection). Examination of the chosen judicial decisions of that court will enable us to determine what the obligation of protection is specifically about, when it is updated and whether it is accompanied by claims of an individual requesting the state to take actions protecting their fundamental rights against infringement by the private entities. The comparative perspective for the German model of positive obligations of the state will be an analogous model present in the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights. It is justified to include it in the research as the Convention, similarly to the constitution, focuses on the protection of an individual against the infringement of their rights by the state and both models have been developed within the jurisdiction for several dozens of years. Analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland as well as judgements of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal will allow for the presentation of the application the model of the protective duties of the state in Poland. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title="human rights">human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20relationships" title=" horizontal relationships"> horizontal relationships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitution" title=" constitution"> constitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20protection" title=" state protection"> state protection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21404/positive-obligations-of-the-state-concerning-the-protection-of-human-rights" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3177</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights Legislations and Evolution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shenouda%20Farag%20Aziz%20Ibrahim">Shenouda Farag Aziz Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between terrorism and human rights has become an important issue in the fight against terrorism worldwide. This is based on the fact that terrorism and human rights are closely linked, so that when the former begins, the latter suffers. This direct link was recognized in the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action adopted by the International Conference on Human Rights held in Vienna on 25 June 1993, which recognized that terrorist acts aim to violate human rights in all their forms and manifestations. . Therefore, terrorism represents an attack on fundamental human rights. For this purpose, the first part of this article focuses on the relationship between terrorism and human rights and aims to show the relationship between these two concepts. In the second part, the concept of cyber threat and its manifestations are discussed. An analysis of the fight against terrorism in the context of human rights was also made.. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security." title=" security."> security.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186496/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-human-rights-legislations-and-evolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3176</span> The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights Legislations and Evolution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawal%20Yacoub%20Halim%20Abdelmasih">Nawal Yacoub Halim Abdelmasih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The link between terrorism and human rights has grown to be a chief challenge in the combat against terrorism around the sector. This is primarily based on the truth that terrorism and human rights are so closely related that after the former starts, the latter is violated. This direct connection is identified in the Vienna Declaration and program of movement adopted by way of the sector Convention on Human Rights in Vienna on June 25, 1993, which acknowledges that acts of terrorism in all their paperwork and manifestations intended to damage the human rights of people. Terrorism, therefore, represents an assault on our maximum fundamental human rights. To this stop, the first part of this article makes a specialty of the connections between terrorism and human rights and seeks to spotlight the interdependence between those two standards. The second part discusses the rising idea of cyberterrorism and its manifestations. An evaluation of the fight against cyberterrorism inside the context of human rights is likewise performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security." title=" security."> security.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195003/the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-on-human-rights-legislations-and-evolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3175</span> Rethinking the Constitutionality of Statutes: Rights-Compliant Interpretation in India and the UK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chintan%20Chandrachud">Chintan Chandrachud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When primary legislation is challenged for breaching fundamental rights, many courts around the world adopt interpretive techniques to avoid finding such legislation incompatible or invalid. In the UK, these techniques find sanction in section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998, which directs courts to interpret legislation in a manner which is compatible with European Convention rights, ‘so far as it is possible to do so’. In India, courts begin with the interpretive presumption that Parliament intended to comply with fundamental rights under the Constitution of 1949. In comparing rights-compliant interpretation of primary legislation under the Human Rights Act and the Indian Constitution, this paper makes two arguments. First, that in the absence of a section 3-type mandate, Indian courts have a smaller range of interpretive tools at their disposal in interpreting primary legislation in a way which complies with fundamental rights. For example, whereas British courts frequently read words into statutes, Indian courts consider this an inapposite interpretive technique. The second argument flows naturally from the first. Given that Indian courts have a smaller interpretive toolbox, one would imagine that ceteris paribus, Indian courts’ power to strike down legislation would be triggered earlier than the declaration of incompatibility is in the UK. However, this is not borne out in practice. Faced with primary legislation which appears to violate fundamental rights, Indian courts often reluctantly uphold the constitutionality of statutes (rather than striking them down), as opposed to British courts, which make declarations of incompatibility. The explanation for this seeming asymmetry hinges on the difference between the ‘strike down’ power and the declaration of incompatibility. Whereas the former results in the disapplication of a statute, the latter throws the ball back into Parliament’s court, if only formally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutional%20law" title="constitutional law">constitutional law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial%20review" title=" judicial review"> judicial review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitution%20of%20India" title=" constitution of India"> constitution of India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UK%20Human%20Rights%20Act" title=" UK Human Rights Act"> UK Human Rights Act</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8702/rethinking-the-constitutionality-of-statutes-rights-compliant-interpretation-in-india-and-the-uk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3174</span> Implied Adjusted Volatility by Leland Option Pricing Models: Evidence from Australian Index Options</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Hafizah%20Abdullah">Mimi Hafizah Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanani%20Farhah%20Harun"> Hanani Farhah Harun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nik%20Ruzni%20Nik%20Idris"> Nik Ruzni Nik Idris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the implied volatility as an important factor in financial decision-making, in particular in option pricing valuation, and also the given fact that the pricing biases of Leland option pricing models and the implied volatility structure for the options are related, this study considers examining the implied adjusted volatility smile patterns and term structures in the S&P/ASX 200 index options using the different Leland option pricing models. The examination of the implied adjusted volatility smiles and term structures in the Australian index options market covers the global financial crisis in the mid-2007. The implied adjusted volatility was found to escalate approximately triple the rate prior the crisis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implied%20adjusted%20volatility" title="implied adjusted volatility">implied adjusted volatility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20crisis" title=" financial crisis"> financial crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leland%20option%20pricing%20models" title=" Leland option pricing models"> Leland option pricing models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australian%20index%20options" title=" Australian index options"> Australian index options</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9747/implied-adjusted-volatility-by-leland-option-pricing-models-evidence-from-australian-index-options" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3173</span> The International Constitutional Order and Elements of Human Rights</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Girma%20Y.%20Iyassu%20Menelik">Girma Y. Iyassu Menelik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> “The world is now like a global village!” so goes the saying that shows that due to development and technology the countries of the world are now closely linked. In the field of Human rights there is a close relationship in the way that rights are recognised and enforced. This paper will show that human rights have evolved from ancient times through important landmarks such as the Magna Carta, the French Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen and the American Bill of Rights. The formation of the United Nations after the Second World War resulted in the need to codify and protect human rights. There are some rights which are so fundamental that they are found in international and continental instruments, national constitutions and domestic legislation. In the civil and political sphere they include the right to vote, to freedom of association, speech and assembly, right to life, privacy and fair trial. In the economic and social sphere you have the right to work, protection of the family, social security and rights to education, health and shelter. In some instance some rights can be suspended in times of public emergency but such derogations shall be circumscribed by the law and in most constitutions such limitations are subject to judicial review. However, some rights are so crucial that they cannot be derogated from under any circumstances and these include the right to life, recognition before the law, freedom from torture and slavery and of thought, conscience and religion. International jurisprudence has been developed to protect fundamental rights and avoid discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, sex, language or social origin. The elaborate protection system go to show that these rights have become part of the international order and they have universal application. We have now got to a stage where UDHR, ICCPR and ICESCR and have come to be regarded as part of an international bill of rights with horizontal and vertical enforcement mechanisms involving state parties, NGO’s , international bodies and other organs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rights" title="rights">rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international" title=" international"> international</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutional" title=" constitutional"> constitutional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state" title=" state"> state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judiciary" title=" judiciary "> judiciary </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29556/the-international-constitutional-order-and-elements-of-human-rights" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3172</span> The Effectiveness of the Workers' Constitutional Rights of Citizenship as One of the Embodiments of the Democratic and Social State of the Brazilian Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20S.%20Veviani">Christine S. Veviani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By observing the Brazilian labor reality, considered as degrading and oppressive, as well as responsible for creating obstacles to rights, this paper is aimed at demonstrating the obligatoriness of complying with the Constitution, as an effective instrument of the Democratic and Social State of Law established in the country since 1988, which identifies and determines the recognition of a single type of citizenship, as representation of equality, social inclusion and human dignity. To achieve this purpose, that is, to awake to a new culture focused on human respect / fundamental rights engraved in the Brazilian Constitution, doctrinal works, case law and labor courts (how they work) will be used as methodology. Thus, by concluding that there is a need for a change in behavior, by employers, intended to respect the Constitution, especially with regard to the concept and citizenship content if an attempt is made to achieve as a result few steps effectiveness of fundamental social rights protective of the Brazilian working class. Thus, by analyzing the Brazilian labor reality, the result is the employers' denial of full and single citizenship of workers, whose effects are directly related to the violation of rights, which leads to the conclusion that there is a need for a change in the behavior regarding the respect for the Constitution, especially concerning the effectiveness of fundamental social rights, which protect the working class in Brazil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment%20relationships" title="employment relationships">employment relationships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opposing%20citizenships" title=" opposing citizenships"> opposing citizenships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutionalism" title=" constitutionalism"> constitutionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capitalism" title=" capitalism"> capitalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49892/the-effectiveness-of-the-workers-constitutional-rights-of-citizenship-as-one-of-the-embodiments-of-the-democratic-and-social-state-of-the-brazilian-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3171</span> Patients’ Rights: An Enquiry into the Activities of Local Psychiatric Centers Managed by Muslims in South-West Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaykh-Luqman%20Jimoh">Shaykh-Luqman Jimoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Nigeria, aside the eight Government hospitals designated Psychiatric hospitals, there are also many local psychiatric centers managed by muslims and non-muslim individuals. These centers have been heavily criticized for human right abuses. This study is an inquiry into the truth or otherwise of the criticism. The study focuses on the activities of local centers managed by muslim individuals in South-West Nigeria with a view to determining the extent they uphold or violate their patients’ fundamental human rights as guaranteed by Islam. Information about the activities of the centers were collected through oral interviews. Both descriptive and analytical methods were used in the study. The study revealed that while there are some activities of the local centers managed by muslims in the study area that could be regarded as outright violation of patients’ fundamental human rights, some others, in view of the rationale behind them, may not necessarily constitute outright violation of the patients’ fundamental human rights as hitherto painted except where excesses are committed. The study therefore, using Islamic paradigm, suggests general measures that could be taken to improve on the activities of the centers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20psychiatric%20centers" title="local psychiatric centers">local psychiatric centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muslim%20exorcists" title=" muslim exorcists"> muslim exorcists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patients%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" patients’ rights"> patients’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South-West%20Nigeria" title=" South-West Nigeria "> South-West Nigeria </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34915/patients-rights-an-enquiry-into-the-activities-of-local-psychiatric-centers-managed-by-muslims-in-south-west-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3170</span> Evolving Paradigm of Right to Development in International Human Rights Law and Its Transformation into the National Legal System: Challenges and Responses in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naeem%20Ullah%20Khan">Naeem Ullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalsoom%20Khan"> Kalsoom Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> No state can be progressive and prosperous in which a large number of people is deprived of their basic economic rights and freedoms. In the contemporary world of globalization, the right to development has gained a momentum force in the domain of International Development Law (IDL) and has integrated into the National Legal System (NLS) of the major developed states. The international experts on human rights argued that the right to development (RTD) is called a third-generation human right which tends to enhance the welfare and prosperity of individuals, and thus, it is a right to a process whose outcomes are human rights despite the controversy on the implications of RTD. In the Pakistan legal system, the RTD has not been expressly stated in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973. However, there are some implied constitutional provisions which reflect the concept of RTD. The jurisprudence on RTD is still an evolving paradigm in the contextual perspective of Pakistan, and the superior court of diverse jurisdiction acts as a catalyst regarding the protection and enforcement of RTD in the interest of the public at large. However, the case law explores the positive inclination of the courts in Pakistan on RTD be incorporated as an express provision in the chapters of fundamental rights; in this scenario, the high court’s of Pakistan under Article 199 and the supreme court of Pakistan under Article 184(3) have exercised jurisdiction on the enforcement of RTD. This paper inter-alia examines the national dimensions of RTD from the standpoint of state practice in Pakistan and it analyzes the experience of judiciary in the protection and enforcement of RTD. Moreover, the paper highlights the social and cultural challenges to Pakistan in the implementation of RTD and possible solution to improve the conditions of human rights in Pakistan. This paper will also highlight the steps taken by Pakistan regarding the awareness, incorporation, and propagation of RTD at the national level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title="globalization">globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RTD" title=" RTD"> RTD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third-generation%20right" title=" third-generation right"> third-generation right</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104473/evolving-paradigm-of-right-to-development-in-international-human-rights-law-and-its-transformation-into-the-national-legal-system-challenges-and-responses-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3169</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerols%20Seif%20Said%20Botros">Kerols Seif Said Botros</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between development and human rights has been debated for a long time. Various principles, from the right to development to development-based human rights, are applied to understand the dynamics between these two concepts. Despite the measures calculated, the connection between enhancement and human rights remains vague. Despite, the connection between these two opinions and the need to strengthen human rights have increased in recent years. It will then be examined whether the right to sustainable development is acceptable or not. In various human rights instruments and this is a good vibe to the request cited above. The book then cites domestic and international human rights treaties, as well as jurisprudence and regulations defining human rights institutions, to support this view. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security." title=" security."> security.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185693/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-human-rights-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3168</span> Protection of Human Rights in Polish Centres for Foreigners – in the Context of the European Human Rights System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oktawia%20Braniewicz">Oktawia Braniewicz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phenomenon of emigration and migration increasingly affects Poland's borders as well. For this reason, it is necessary to examine the level of protection of Human Rights in Polish Centres for Foreigners. The field study covered 11 centers for Foreigners in the provinces Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region, Lubelskie Region, Lodzkie Region, Mazowieckie Region and Podlaskie Region. Photographic documentation of living and social conditions, conversations with center employees and refugees allow to show a comprehensive picture of the situation prevailing in Centres for Foreigners. The object of reflection will be, in particular, the standards resulting from art. 8 and 13 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and article 2 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The degree of realization of the right to education and the right to respect for family and private life will be shown. Issues related to learning the Polish language, access to a professional translator and psychological help will also be approximated. Learning Polish is not obligatory, which causes problems with assimilation and integration with other members of the new community. In centers for foreigners, there are no translators - a translator from an external company is rented if necessary. The waiting time for an interpreter makes the refugees feel anxious, unable to communicate with the employees of the centers (this is a situation in which the refugees do not know either English, Polish or Russian). Psychologist's help is available on designated days of the week. There is no separate specialist in child psychology, which is a serious problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title="human rights">human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polish%20centres" title=" Polish centres"> Polish centres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreigners" title=" foreigners"> foreigners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20freedoms" title=" fundamental freedoms"> fundamental freedoms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102832/protection-of-human-rights-in-polish-centres-for-foreigners-in-the-context-of-the-european-human-rights-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3167</span> The Implications of Instrumental Animal Protection for the Legal and Moral Status of Animals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Shanker">Ankita Shanker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angus%20Nurse"> Angus Nurse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The notion of animal rights is an emerging trend in various spaces, including judicial and societal discourse. But one of the key purposes of recognizing the fundamental rights of anyone is their de-objectification. Animals are a prime example of a group that has rights that are neither recognized nor protected in any meaningful way, and anything that purports differently fails to ameliorate this because it still objectifies animals. Animals are currently treated by law and society as commodities with primarily (though not exclusively) instrumental value to some other rights-holder, such as humans or nature. So most protections that are afforded to them are done so in furtherance of the interests that they allegedly further, be it social morality or environmental protection. Animal rights are thus often seen as an application or extension of the rights of humans or, more commonly, the rights of nature. What this means is that animal rights are not always protected or even recognized in their own regard, but as stemming from some other reason, or worse, instrumentally as means to some other ends. This has two identifiable effects from a legal perspective: animal rights are not seen as inherently justified and are not seen as inherently valuable. Which in turn means that there can be no fundamental protection of animal rights. In other words, judicial protection does not always entail protection of animal ‘rights’ qua animal rights, which is needed for any meaningful protections to be afforded to animals. But the effects of this legal paradigm do not end at the legal status of animals. Because this status, in turn, affects how persons and the societies of which they form part see animals as a part of the rights of others, such as humans or nature, or as valuable only insofar as they further these rights, as opposed to as individuals with inherent worth and value deserving of protection regardless of their instrumental usefulness to these other objectives. This does nothing to truly de-objectify animals. Because even though most people would agree that animals are not objects, they continue to treat them as such wherever it serves them. For individuals and society to resolve, this inconsistency between stance and actions is for them to believe that animals are more than objects on a psychological and societal level. In this paper, we examine the implications of this perception of animals and their rights on the legal protections afforded to them and on the minds of individuals and civil society. We also argue that a change in the legal and societal status of animals can be brought about only through judicial, psychological, and sociological acknowledgment that animals have inherent value and deserve protection on this basis. Animal rights derived in such a way would not need to place reliance on other justifications and would not be subject to subjugation to other rights should a conflict arise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20rights%20law" title="animal rights law">animal rights law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20protection%20laws" title=" animal protection laws"> animal protection laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycho-socio-legal%20studies" title=" psycho-socio-legal studies"> psycho-socio-legal studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20rights" title=" animal rights"> animal rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rights%20of%20nature" title=" rights of nature"> rights of nature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165219/the-implications-of-instrumental-animal-protection-for-the-legal-and-moral-status-of-animals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3166</span> Human Dignity as a Source and Limitation of Personal Autonomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Podkowik">Jan Podkowik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article discusses issues of mutual relationships of human dignity and personal autonomy. According to constitutions of many countries and international human rights law, human dignity is a fundamental and inviolable value. It is the source of all freedoms and rights, including personal autonomy. Human dignity, as an inherent, inalienable and non-gradable value comprising an attribute of all people, justifies freedom of action according to one's will and following one's vision of good life. On the other hand, human dignity imposes immanent restrictions to personal autonomy regarding decisions on commercialization of the one’s body, etc. It points to the paradox of dignity – the source of freedom and conditions (basic) of its limitations. The paper shows the theoretical concept of human dignity as an objective value among legal systems, determining the boundaries of legal protection of personal autonomy. It is not, therefore, the relevant perception of human dignity and freedom as opposite values. Reference point has been made the normative provisions of the Polish Constitution and the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as well as judgments of constitutional courts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomy" title="autonomy">autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitution" title=" constitution"> constitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20dignity" title=" human dignity"> human dignity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76031/human-dignity-as-a-source-and-limitation-of-personal-autonomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3165</span> Life-Narratives and Human Rights: Reflections about the Women's Rights and State of Exception</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luana%20Mathias%20Souto">Luana Mathias Souto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The situation about women’s rights it’s a sensitive issue when it’s talking about human rights. More difficult its find a way to protect these rights. Aware of this problem, this article aims to analyze the women’s rights in the Brazilian context, mainly, the reproductive rights. So, to achieve this purpose, this paper through the combination of Law, philosophy, and Literature tries to rethinking why women can’t have a voice when the decisions about their rights are taken. Methodologically, it was used as an interdisciplinary bibliographical revision between Law, philosophy, and Literature. From Literature it brings the contributions from the life-narratives as an instrument to promote human rights. Besides the life-narratives theory, it’s also used the novel The Handmaid’s tale from Margaret Atwood, which became a symbol to reflect about reproductive rights. From philosophy, it’s adopted the concepts of Homo sacer and state of exception developed by the philosopher Giorgio Agamben. The contributions of these different researches fields made possible to conclude that women are Homo sacer because governments ignore their voices and opinions when they talk about abortion. The control of the human body, mainly, women bodies it’s more important than preserving some fundamental rights and because of this, it’s so difficult to preserve and promote the human rights. Based on these conclusions, it is understood that when the state is incapable or does not want to guarantee the adequate protection of human rights, it is up to society through its various means to find ways to protect them, and this is the main proposal sought by this article. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dystopian%20fiction" title="dystopian fiction">dystopian fiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-narratives" title=" life-narratives"> life-narratives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20of%20exception" title=" state of exception"> state of exception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97975/life-narratives-and-human-rights-reflections-about-the-womens-rights-and-state-of-exception" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3164</span> The Impact of Human Rights Legislations and Evolution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20Eid%20Nemr%20Danyal">Emad Eid Nemr Danyal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> the problem of respect for human rights in Southeast Asia has come to be a prime problem and is attracting the attention of the worldwide community. basically, the affiliation of Southeast Asian international locations (ASEAN) made human rights one in every of its fundamental problems and in the ASEAN constitution in 2008. in the end, the Intergovernmental fee on Human Rights ASEAN Human Rights (AICHR) changed into mounted. AICHR is the Southeast Asia Human Rights Enforcement fee charged with the responsibilities, capabilities and powers to sell and defend human rights. but, at the quit of 2016, the protective function assigned to the AICHR turned into no longer but fulfilled. that is shown through numerous cases of human rights violations which are still ongoing and have now not but been solved. One case that has lately come to mild is human rights violations in opposition to the Rohingya human beings in Myanmar. the use of a prison-normative technique, the take a look at examines the urgency of setting up a human rights tribunal in Southeast Asia able to making a decision binding on ASEAN members or responsible events. facts suggests ASEAN desires regional courts to cope with human rights abuses inside the ASEAN area. in addition, the observe additionally highlights 3 essential elements that ASEAN must recall when setting up a human rights tribunal, specifically: quantity. a full-size distinction in terms of democracy and human rights development most of the individuals, a regular implementation of the precept of non-interference and the economic difficulty of the continuation of the court. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193177/the-impact-of-human-rights-legislations-and-evolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3163</span> Countering Terrorism and Defending Human Right after 9/11: The European Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Blagojevi%C4%87">Anita Blagojević</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that the terrorist attacks on the New York City and Washington, D.C. prompted unprecedented international action to enhance international cooperation in the prevention and suppression of terrorism. In the months (and years) after September 11, the world community focused on two main efforts: first, on efforts to bring those responsible for terrorist attacks to justice, and second, on efforts to prevent future terrorist attacks. In that sense, many governments took advantage of these efforts to strengthen their national security. In that process, however, human rights and civil liberties of certain groups of people were alleged. As a consequence, part of the price paid for protecting national security against terrorist attacks was the threat of infringement on people's fundamental rights and freedoms. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of the European Union and the Council of Europe in finding the answer to the one of the main security dilemma for the present era: how to find the balance between the protection of national security and guarantee of the people's rights and fundamental freedoms? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title="terrorism">terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiterrorism" title=" antiterrorism"> antiterrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Council%20of%20Europe" title=" Council of Europe"> Council of Europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22623/countering-terrorism-and-defending-human-right-after-911-the-european-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3162</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romany%20Wagih%20Farag%20Zaky">Romany Wagih Farag Zaky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between development and human rights has long been the subject of academic debate. To understand the dynamics between these two concepts, various principles are adopted, from the right to development to development-based human rights. Despite the initiatives taken, the relationship between development and human rights remains unclear. However, the overlap between these two views and the idea that efforts should be made in the field of human rights have increased in recent years. It is then evaluated whether the right to sustainable development is acceptable or not. The article concludes that the principles of sustainable development are directly or indirectly recognized in various human rights instruments, which is a good answer to the question posed above. This book therefore cites regional and international human rights agreements such as , as well as the jurisprudence and interpretative guidelines of human rights institutions, to prove this hypothesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185111/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-human-rights-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3161</span> Oakes Test and Proportionality Test: Balance between the Practical Costs of Limiting Rights and the Benefits Arising from the Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Tedrus%20Bento">Rafael Tedrus Bento</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analysis of proportionality as a test is raised as a basic foundation for the achievement of Fundamental Rights. We used legal dogmatics and empirical analysis to seek the expected results, from the reading of the RV Oakes trial by the Supreme Court of Canada. In cases involving freedom of expression, two tests are used to resolve disputes. The first examines whether, in fact, the case can be characterized as a violation of freedom of expression; the second assesses whether this violation can be justified by the reasonable limit clause. This test was defined in the RV Oakes trial by the Supreme Court of Canada, concluding with the Oakes Test, used worldwide as a proportionality test. Resulting is a proportionality between the effects of the limiting measure and the objective - the more serious the harmful effects of a measure, the more important the objective must be. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oakes" title="Oakes">Oakes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proportionality" title=" proportionality"> proportionality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title=" fundamental rights"> fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supreme%20Court%20of%20Canada" title=" Supreme Court of Canada"> Supreme Court of Canada</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135650/oakes-test-and-proportionality-test-balance-between-the-practical-costs-of-limiting-rights-and-the-benefits-arising-from-the-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3160</span> Against the Idea of Public Power as Free Will</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donato%20Vese">Donato Vese</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the common interpretation, in a legal system, public powers are established by law. Exceptions are admitted in an emergency or particular relationship with public power. However, we currently agree that law allows public administration a margin of decision, even in the case of non-discretionary acts. Hence, the administrative decision not exclusively established by law becomes the rule in the ordinary state of things, non-only in state of exception. This paper aims to analyze and discuss different ideas on discretionary power on the Rule of Law and Rechtsstaat. Observing the legal literature in Europe and Nord and South America, discretionary power can be described as follow: it could be considered a margin that law accords to the executive power for political decisions or a choice between different interpretations of vague legal previsions. In essence, this explanation admits for the executive a decision not established by law or anyhow not exclusively established by law. This means that the discretionary power of public administration integrates the law. However, integrating law does not mean to decide according to the law, but it means to integrate law with a decision involving public power. Consequently, discretionary power is essentially free will. In this perspective, also the Rule of Law and the Rechtsstaat are notions explained differently. Recently, we can observe how the European notion of Rechtsstaat is founded on the formal validity of the law; therefore, for this notion, public authority’s decisions not regulated by law represent a problem. Thus, different systems of law integration have been proposed in legal literature, such as values, democracy, reasonableness, and so on. This paper aims to verify how, looking at those integration clauses from a logical viewpoint, integration based on the recourse to the legal system itself does not resolve the problem. The aforementioned integration clauses are legal rules that require hard work to explain the correct meaning of the law; in particular, they introduce dangerous criteria in favor of the political majority. A different notion of public power can be proposed. This notion includes two main features: (a) sovereignty belongs to persons and not the state, and (b) fundamental rights are not grounded but recognized by Constitutions. Hence, public power is a system based on fundamental rights. According to this approach, it can also be defined as the notion of public interest as concrete maximization of fundamental rights enjoyments. Like this, integration of the law, vague or subject to several interpretations, must be done by referring to the system of fundamental individual rights. We can think, for instance, to fundamental rights that are right in an objective view but not legal because not established by law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=administrative%20discretion" title="administrative discretion">administrative discretion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20will" title=" free will"> free will</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title=" fundamental rights"> fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20power" title=" public power"> public power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sovereignty" title=" sovereignty"> sovereignty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115240/against-the-idea-of-public-power-as-free-will" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3159</span> Judicial Activism and the Supreme Court of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shreeya%20Umashankar">Shreeya Umashankar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Supreme Court of India has emerged as the most powerful organ of State and amongst the foremost constitutional courts in the world through the instrument of Public Interest Litigation (PIL), the exercise of writ jurisdiction and the expansive interpretation of fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India. Judicial activism impinging on every facet of governance has become the norm in recent times. This paper traces the evolution of judicial activism since Independence through pronouncements of the Supreme Court. It brings out distinct phases in this evolution– the initial phase of judicial restraint, the first phase of an activist judiciary where the Supreme Court primarily was concerned with protection of fundamental rights and humane treatment of citizens; the second phase where the Supreme Court took keen interest in preservation and protection of the environment; the third phase where the Supreme Court extended its reach into the socio-economic arena and the fourth phase when issues of transparency and probity in governance led to interventions by the Supreme Court. The paper illustrates through judgements of the Supreme Court that the instrument of the PIL and the exercise of writ jurisdiction by the Supreme Court go beyond the traditional postulates of judicial processes and political theory on separation of powers between the organs of State. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title="fundamental rights">fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial%20activism" title=" judicial activism"> judicial activism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20interest%20litigation" title=" public interest litigation"> public interest litigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supreme%20Court%20of%20India" title=" Supreme Court of India"> Supreme Court of India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2899/judicial-activism-and-the-supreme-court-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">625</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3158</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Developments Obligations and Theories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seham%20Elia%20Moussa%20Shenouda">Seham Elia Moussa Shenouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between development and human rights has long been the subject of academic debate. To understand the dynamics between these two concepts, various principles are adopted, from the right to development to development-based human rights. Despite the initiatives taken, the relationship between development and human rights remains unclear. However, the overlap between these two views and the idea that efforts should be made in the field of human rights have increased in recent years. It is then evaluated whether the right to sustainable development is acceptable or not. The article concludes that the principles of sustainable development are directly or indirectly recognized in various human rights instruments, which is a good answer to the question posed above. This book therefore cites regional and international human rights agreements such as , as well as the jurisprudence and interpretative guidelines of human rights institutions, to prove this hypothesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187438/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-human-developments-obligations-and-theories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3157</span> Calibration of Hybrid Model and Arbitrage-Free Implied Volatility Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun%20Huang">Kun Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates whether the combination of local and stochastic volatility models can be calibrated exactly to any arbitrage-free implied volatility surface of European option. The risk neutral Brownian Bridge density is applied for calibration of the leverage function of our Hybrid model. Furthermore, the tails of marginal risk neutral density are generated by Generalized Extreme Value distribution in order to capture the properties of asset returns. The local volatility is generated from the arbitrage-free implied volatility surface using stochastic volatility inspired parameterization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arbitrage%20free%20implied%20volatility" title="arbitrage free implied volatility">arbitrage free implied volatility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title=" calibration"> calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20value%20distribution" title=" extreme value distribution"> extreme value distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20model" title=" hybrid model"> hybrid model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20volatility" title=" local volatility"> local volatility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk-neutral%20density" title=" risk-neutral density"> risk-neutral density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20volatility" title=" stochastic volatility"> stochastic volatility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62414/calibration-of-hybrid-model-and-arbitrage-free-implied-volatility-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3156</span> Human Rights Abuse in the Garment Factory in Bekasi Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manotar%20Tampubolon">Manotar Tampubolon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although the Indonesian human rights protection has increased in recent years, but human rights violations still occur in the industrial sector. Crimes against human rights continue to occur and go unnoticed in spite of the government's legislation on human rights, employment law in addition to an international treaty that has been ratified by Indonesia. The increasing number of garment companies in Bekasi, also give rise to increased human rights violations since the government does not have a commitment to protect it. The Indonesian government and industry owners should pay attention to and protect the human rights of workers and treat them accordingly. This paper will review the human rights violations experienced by workers at garment factories in the context of the law, as well as ideas to improve the protection of workers' rights. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20protection" title="human rights protection">human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4338/human-rights-abuse-in-the-garment-factory-in-bekasi-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3155</span> Beyond Rhetoric: Giving Effect to Social Rights Provisions under Chapter II of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiodun%20Odusote">Abiodun Odusote</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper gives content to the Provisions of Chapter II of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, it offers new perspectives on the nature of fundamental objectives and directive principles of state policy and the duties of citizens. It makes inquiries into the justiciability of these rights and examines the reasoning of the Nigerian courts in the interpretation and enforcement of the rights. The paper examines the emerging jurisprudence in India and South Africa and lessons are drawn from their respective models of enforcement of similar rights. The paper concludes by proposing more creative and novel alternatives to the enforcement and enjoyments of these rights, including: enforcement through Acts of Parliament, enforcement through other Constitutional provisions, indirect enforcement, enforcement through regional and international courts, enforcement by constructive engagement, and enforcement through electoral process. Overall, it is shown that there are available a variety of practical and effective ways of improving the realization and enjoyment of the provisions of Chapter II of the CFRN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructive-engagement" title="constructive-engagement">constructive-engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indirect%20enforcement" title=" indirect enforcement"> indirect enforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial%20activism" title=" judicial activism"> judicial activism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justiciability" title=" justiciability"> justiciability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20rights" title=" social rights "> social rights </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24144/beyond-rhetoric-giving-effect-to-social-rights-provisions-under-chapter-ii-of-the-constitution-of-the-federal-republic-of-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3154</span> Freedom with Limitations: The Nature of Free Expression in the European Case-Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laszlo%20Vari">Laszlo Vari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the digital age, the spread of the mobile world and the nature of the cyberspace, offers many new opportunities for the prevalence of the fundamental right to free expression, and therefore, for free speech and freedom of the press; however, these new information communication technologies carry many new challenges. Defamation, censorship, fake news, misleading information, hate speech, breach of copyright etc., are only some of the violations, all of which can be derived from the harmful exercise of freedom of expression, all which become more salient in the internet. Here raises the question: how can we eliminate these problems, and practice our fundamental freedom rightfully? To answer this question, we should understand the elements and the characteristic of the nature of freedom of expression, and the role of the actors whose duties and responsibilities are crucial in the prevalence of this fundamental freedom. To achieve this goal, this paper will explore the European practice to understand instructions found in the case-law of the European Court of Human rights for the rightful exercise of freedom of expression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collision%20of%20rights" title="collision of rights">collision of rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20case-law" title=" European case-law"> European case-law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20opinion%20and%20expression" title=" freedom opinion and expression"> freedom opinion and expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20law" title=" media law"> media law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20information" title=" freedom of information"> freedom of information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20expression" title=" online expression"> online expression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104514/freedom-with-limitations-the-nature-of-free-expression-in-the-european-case-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3153</span> Carolina Maria De Jesus' Narrative in a Fundamental Rights Perspective </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eliziane%20Fernanda%20Navarro">Eliziane Fernanda Navarro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aparecida%20Eleonora%20Sitta"> Aparecida Eleonora Sitta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Child of the Dark is the work of the Brazilian author Carolina Maria de Jesus, published at the first time by Ática and Francisco Alves in 1960. It is, mostly, a story of lack of rights. It lacks to men who live in the slums what is essential in order to take advantage of the privilege of rationality to develop themselves as civilized humans. It is, therefore, in the withholding of the basic rights that inequality finds space to build itself to be the main misery on Earth. Antonio Candido, a Brazilian sociologist claims that it is the right to literature has the ability to humanize men, once the aptitude to create fiction and fable is essential to the social balance. Hence, for the forming role that literature holds, it must be thought as the number of rights that assure human dignity, such as housing, education, health, freedom, etc. When talking about her routine, Carolina puts in evidence something that has great influence over the formation of human beings, contributing to the way they live: the slum. Even though it happens in a distinct way and using her own linguistics variation, Carolina writes about something that will only be discussed later on Brazil’s Cities Statute and Erminia Maricato: the right to the city, and how the slums are, although inserted in the city, an attachment, an illegal city, a dismissing room. It interests ourselves, for that matter, in this work, to analyse how the deprivation of the rights to the city and literature, detailed in Carolina’s journal, conditions human beings to a life where the instincts overcome the social values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Child%20of%20the%20Dark" title="Child of the Dark">Child of the Dark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slum" title=" slum"> slum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature" title=" literature"> literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture%20and%20urbanism" title=" architecture and urbanism"> architecture and urbanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title=" fundamental rights"> fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazil" title=" Brazil"> Brazil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77328/carolina-maria-de-jesus-narrative-in-a-fundamental-rights-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3152</span> Coherencing a Diametrical Interests between the State, Adat Community and Private Interests in Utilising the Land for Investment in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20M.%20Hayyan%20ul%20Haq">L. M. Hayyan ul Haq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalu%20Sabardi"> Lalu Sabardi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is aimed at exploring an appropriate regulatory model in coherencing a diametrical interest between the state, Adat legal community, and private interests in utilising and optimizing land in Indonesia. This work is also highly relevant to coherencing the obligation of the state to respect, to fulfill and to protect the fundamental rights of people, especially to protect the communal or adat community rights to the land. In visualizing those ideas, this research will use the normative legal research to elaborate the normative problem in land use, as well as redesigning and creating an appropriate regulatory model in bridging and protecting all interest parties, especially, the state, Adat legal community, and private parties. In addition, it will also employ an empirical legal research for identifying some operational problems in protecting and optimising the land. In detail, this research will not only identify the problems at the normative level, such as conflicted norms, the absence of the norms, and the unclear norm in land law, but also the problems at operational level, such as institutional relationship in managing the land use. At the end, this work offers an appropriate regulatory model at the systems level, which covers value and norms in land use, as well as the appropriate mechanism in managing the utilization of the land for the state, Adat legal community, and private sector. By manifesting this objective, the government will not only fulfill its obligation to regulate the land for people and private, but also to protect the fundamental rights of people, as mandated by the Indonesian 1945 Constitution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adat%20community%20rights" title="adat community rights">adat community rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title=" fundamental rights"> fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment" title=" investment"> investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20law" title=" land law"> land law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20sector" title=" private sector"> private sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24891/coherencing-a-diametrical-interests-between-the-state-adat-community-and-private-interests-in-utilising-the-land-for-investment-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implied%20fundamental%20rights&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implied%20fundamental%20rights&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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