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Plowden Report - Wikipedia

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searchaux" style="display:none">1967 report into primary education in England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the "Reports" of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Plowden" title="Edmund Plowden">Edmund Plowden</a> (1519–1585).</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Plowden_Report" title="Special:EditPage/Plowden Report">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Plowden+Report%22">"Plowden Report"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Plowden+Report%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Plowden+Report%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Plowden+Report%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Plowden+Report%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Plowden+Report%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_Cover_of_Plowden_Report.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Front_Cover_of_Plowden_Report.jpg/220px-Front_Cover_of_Plowden_Report.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Front_Cover_of_Plowden_Report.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption>Front cover of Volume I (The Main Report) of the Plowden Report (1967)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Plowden Report</b> is the unofficial name for the 1967 report of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Advisory_Councils_for_Education" title="Central Advisory Councils for Education">Central Advisory Council For Education</a> (England) into <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary education</a> in England. The report, entitled <i>Children and their Primary Schools</i>, reviewed <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a> in a wholesale fashion. The collation of the report took around 3 years. The Council was chaired by <a href="/wiki/Bridget_Plowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridget Plowden">Bridget, Lady Plowden</a> after whom the report is named. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plowden_Report&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The report was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Education">Education minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Boyle,_Baron_Boyle_of_Handsworth" title="Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth">Sir Edward Boyle</a> in 1963. He requested that the council "consider primary education in all its aspects and the transition to secondary education." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070209011754/http://www.dg.dial.pipex.com/documents/plowden00.shtml">[1]</a> </p><p>At that time, the last such investigation into the nature of primary education had been undertaken by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadow_Committee&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadow Committee (page does not exist)">Hadow Committee</a> led by Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Hadow" title="William Henry Hadow">William Henry Hadow</a> in the early 1930s. During the time of collating the report, the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a> of the day introduced <a href="/wiki/Circular_10/65" title="Circular 10/65">circular 10/65</a> requesting that <a href="/wiki/Local_education_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local education authority">local education authorities</a> submit plans to replace the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripartite System">tripartite system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eleven-plus_exam" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleven-plus exam">11-plus</a> with <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">comprehensive schooling</a>. The administration also made clear its intention to <a href="/wiki/Raising_Of_School_Leaving_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising Of School Leaving Age">raise school-leaving age</a> to 16 (from the then 15). </p><p>In the years leading up to, and during the collation of the report, prevalent thinking in educational psychology was highly influenced by the work of such people as <a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a> who published a seminal work on the matter in 1962. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_findings">Main findings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plowden_Report&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Main findings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The report was widely known for its praising of <a href="/wiki/Child-centred" class="mw-redirect" title="Child-centred">child-centred</a> approaches to education, stressing that "at the heart of the educational process lies the child". </p><p>Recommendations in the report included those listed below: </p> <ul><li>All schools should have a programme for contact with children's homes (Ch. 4)</li> <li>Primary schools should be used as fully as possible out of ordinary hours (Ch. 5)</li> <li>A national policy of "positive discrimination" should favour schools in deprived neighbourhoods (Ch. 5)</li> <li>Training college should expand opportunities for teachers to train in teaching English to immigrants (Ch. 6)</li> <li>Surveys of primary education should be undertaken every 10 years (Ch. 8)</li> <li>Nursery education should be available to children at any time after they reach the age of three (Ch. 9)</li> <li>A three-tier system of <a href="/wiki/First_school" class="mw-redirect" title="First school">first</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary schools</a>, with transfer at ages 8 and 12. (Ch. 10)</li> <li>Authorities maintaining selection should not rely on intelligence and attainment tests. (Ch. 11)</li> <li>The infliction of physical pain as a method of punishment in primary schools should be forbidden. (Ch. 19)</li> <li>The maximum size of primary school classes should be reduced (Ch. 20)</li> <li>The term "slow learner" should be substituted for "educationally sub-normal". (Ch. 21)</li> <li>More men teachers are needed in primary schools (Ch. 25)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation">Implementation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plowden_Report&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the time the report was returned to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Education (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Education</a>, the change of government had led to the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Anthony Crosland</a> as minister. He received the report in 1967, but implementation of the recommendations was piecemeal. </p><p>In some areas, local education authorities implemented changes themselves, such as the introduction of three-tier education systems in many places. Similarly, over the 40 years, many of the recommendations which first appeared in the report, have evolved and appeared in legislation under other guises, such as the widespread introduction of state-funded <a href="/wiki/Nursery_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursery school">nursery provision</a>, Extended Schools, requirement for a Home School Agreement to be presented (but not signed), the ban on corporal punishment, ESOL programmes, <a href="/wiki/Educational_Action_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Educational Action Zone">Educational Action Zones</a> and most of all the comprehensive system. However the three-tier system is now uncommon in Britain with a two-tier system of primary school followed by a transition aged 11 to secondary school being normal. The system of children transferring to secondary school at the age of 12 has now been almost completely abandoned. </p><p>Male teachers remain a small minority in primaries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Primary_Review">New Primary Review</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plowden_Report&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: New Primary Review"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A new review of primary education in England began on 2 October 2006 under the leadership of Professor Robin Alexander under the title <a href="/wiki/Primary_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary Review">The Primary Review</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plowden_Report&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official records of the Plowden committee are held in the records created or inherited by the Department of Education and Science, and of related bodies <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>. The personal papers of Bridget Horatia Plowden, including records regarding the Plowden Report are held in the Archives of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Education">Institute of Education</a>, University of London, (Ref: DC/PL) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502111759/http://ioewebserver.ioe.ac.uk/ioe/cms/get.asp?cid=9347">[2]</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plowden_Report&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.education-uk.org/documents/plowden/">Plowden Report Full Text</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502111759/http://ioewebserver.ioe.ac.uk/ioe/cms/get.asp?cid=9347">Papers of Bridget Horatia Plowden at the Institute of Education, University of London Archives</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk">The National Archives</a>.</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6696b4cc84‐n78wn Cached time: 20241122143717 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.158 seconds Real time usage: 0.302 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 274/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10467/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 509/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2031/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.093/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1782655/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 245.150 1 -total 50.11% 122.852 1 Template:Short_description 38.37% 94.060 1 Template:More_citations_needed 35.94% 88.116 1 Template:Ambox 30.73% 75.340 2 Template:Pagetype 11.55% 28.304 2 Template:Main_other 11.40% 27.945 1 Template:Distinguish 9.67% 23.703 1 Template:SDcat 8.57% 20.999 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 1.80% 4.420 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2179258-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122143717 and revision id 1224963859. 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