CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '918dfa84bc7e37b5',cH: 'Xq1ECz_BB0sLL8XRPYC_GWCcOpWKaXoe5LWDHhlyQhM-1740720164-1.2.1.1-tXkRE4PY6nqCdKbtuqq9raNBFd1VFeJQMG33RMz1n8fLdgxV2TQqc3tBuMo2MAfE',cUPMDTk: "\/10007327\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=dN5YzsoflCfNNV6lL_XcBGOMWMqITqSmSqMZGiLy7Q0-1740720164-1.0.1.1-N9y2Q3bNd_bVYW0hhhxjFbBhZ9VPM2oOUUTQIBFkPuI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740720164',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10007327\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=dN5YzsoflCfNNV6lL_XcBGOMWMqITqSmSqMZGiLy7Q0-1740720164-1.0.1.1-N9y2Q3bNd_bVYW0hhhxjFbBhZ9VPM2oOUUTQIBFkPuI",md: "S3v3kvkDgeKZ2ytQt.DIHcuQsU1pZoHGJ6DpGBPbvZ0-1740720164-1.2.1.1-_tq804_.eqJDnz3qRAUrWwDgr8nXktP4F9gFUI78oxiveB6dYS2OO.hL8Pm0VXHy3PtEBZ5p3.QcsHXFFq2jCvK8DELhHfUZMZfczhiZeZEsJ2WmWEr3P6WOSXQOmrLevqiPmWMLhHTkuVfgVm0QShmu9dRijCmfLrvg8LWJ.nJnRNejMPhL_sbGk0sHObXK9d80o1w6_hgIonut6qipu7S2ylQd2TnOkea7vlQZXpwGRh3MpH06hPtoWx38P5_oaFbTnsYhpZhlm3XTb4_Za2TaZAiCCqcqu1us8yYRuzcQbDnPX170oopeW.uBaG9Rt1rG2W08h7wZMmklNvKKf35VEAHXKYFTfmwIKItri.p6n_u.KkoSrz5hIJA7ITHkBiC8kwBL1fpJEaceoxae99A_s6hyoCuv15A8aaZhdv_.6k6rH4.5fD4yQzdQt.Bxdk83TH8ejB7E5QOd3ANiaThj_mMs13r07y2MK9k.hAL6rPod5DpOd27jWExEjPG8cnmXX6BIZethvWuSOfxmYjLkGYYr_Bxd71fLixvGEkjMw8rfEx8KExTl.047YmswY9qIAdJyVUHF5ejca2iZesDQ5yxye8a1uEzn61up0HtIng3WT7AeXmjp9Js.QCtUalBNmRDojxhN9ULsRlakxwjavc2enk_hrnns1Gd9a7ZhuB65vOOr3K_0BMLn5.hywgWYIlYD9uOqnW_sWIfKo5abc087rW9OFuwbd_Nv6v.yOXeKy39.fQABm_zkRu5dYClWdQaY5yeelKeZ3gR1b4LroCDfiZjEdcng8Yz6iE_TvZIEX7Yvb1EXlj9eAOWLqXHGgut3CG7byqbH781nwLW8PuKCaR35RtL..Qi9GxXTHjjnHq17uK734AKWl278OhCAoZgZwbS8l8OYcxbygD6mdh3nRoWALwGVhd3cG9yznvVIsncFOHqvSiqwLH_uNlqWrKHQmkM4y.UOvH7LNzJBU341IzdwpZ6lmnOc8vpUDz6qse3tFRkXc0Qdw.Sve_lahAdcE187_tDqE1lCYuajzxwkAjJdJxTnUbMKp9zDb6MqbqW_s.oCVO6XniWr4Llp1dYylRK72tiqYdSzVHT9yS.2lRGng0rGVT8wo1RA2cLHH7pMN923x_AnmDbiQSsUFX3w1yhQ_oaNox4dBBe6hmd1phd8b1mXUxQCd2pQU0FQA6rJLELGd5fVNOyRmS6wKBhlgbK6GPa4VX0MM0bJyI7YnzfnIa3z12WMzM93toJNYltEVlfMvaLODCdMKc7qF8xRNvbp1eFV0RDp3i_lRCV8I8EaHg3yesfkwb.gR4mPWdNQG.ZnDwItrsuP3jFZEHVoV_KO.B38C9_3gpDlwPTeyTqK2_H7l50vo1KIqGkDq_t1CtFnoDSU1Sslqw8f.Z5EW2k0J4mCfEt4znGmYwfIPyRGEJhXC4zEhKT9Am3PjbhWRIpwNf8alACFfg2tj487GNz0U8eFdUnbGa.6.lowyAIcu58b6L2RgS11nGaw_ziTQKIeMIKKPP7o7Xhi6dA0kKY2nleBsUut2Y0Hxvhywbjv9_MQ3u3jFv2ZUbjidkSaDnxNnBYbkuc4OpuDPKk5x9HK6kPO_HBDuYyJ4BJ75.eLMJYYWkyGQXrXv3vHQleNeHEhi7_lVEh5QDboBVOz3.Ad3S88rIwzhBdn.AWp9UbpmAQKDOud5DcRVS6zcwFXc0hhilYX8189RnT5Y3pFxcoXvpHIP0HTDOy_shx8sZh5o3h8qPjDYUWutPHvyy0ITv.Fwtv1D2CQO7VZblG6hFD26lySgFS6HemA_ldji_xgaFxYNIiYpi_N2qgGteGRR8ZwJdb3W9cZjAjYT5mI3mzPLxxBGkZjEv9jf_jtisx1Glh3zhYH_FWyXS5W_3iFie0NPepa4vRtS.r6kaO8Dnu0tJRgHDx4VdvKf_hnKWXhdy2PqzCfOgrTWH58ukuw.cuP_GUkvHFXxvnnc2f7Jq8ySNlnKVHs0lIn6UgK4dOgry8YfxaYx7qPGJJkZVVIN.IpbpwPDSAK8oHLOaq8nNMqd3NFphOZ1LcHLYCUHQmOl.f17Z8lIuRSR8wi7M3r5s0s70TLo.YPJ.8pR6eGc_JdYlDTJ3uX2JuqHkhrYMqYFSIorqH4h_EXMXMuL2yN4QhUwGbXC.sDd__FcJmKDvQ9.GQ7dZ0uSwAKXi4eOaoGPAwPjL046bxlS7qS62fmm4MR6MAHNxLTF6ifmETipvlU5Y8wJmLCaKGvbRHhr00kABRIZQcBIwewmiWIjQPMA8_Rb8jDFdDxhRBIz_5rS2Zv3upHeEo4pQI0YoLRYTt6XB1Qj.bbr2XmqASZNyOhTMRdDTFpgwrvJoDeFVm04aAsp72MbXBCLTAsyaSZlXVN5QzQ0x7hUW_Ucj2YifF6qtxPJ3R4CKtejXYdsI043sfSmLAsYEKsYOxTp639LOOOuRkhKe0RX8m9azweGn_znWV35ubWVXEJw7wZhRdI.Ban63dANJJX1w",mdrd: "D3uYG9CVEBbUH_6Q9tpddD0Rki9vBEnFTl23vV7wk.M-1740720164-1.2.1.1-SuEBkkbtHMMRHcAorGMn5gkfvqQYR9wdOs7qtSRpEe1yXnMkRoB31nF2V.MuHrb18W_H1TbQXgL5THkXqqOJtCl74kxSSe3ZVgyQCCrl7YHncuMbyKwsRqd3wowsx7U6k6gula2NasxWRwgdddIuadNfyfIENRJokyRd0hv7WrxLabSYAxNgkaIMyB9kdt.O9v.YcwJiTD0Q.E3PQ5EZy0X3DGij72fNxW.K0qwlBjqxjAWadtgTvDF8WR3anQXCwPXDqPTQSgwH1A6s_jDUC4_ojgxn8qkWuyf6q0f2Xe_wqfZiDMzQtWyR.vd.g6Zh3JJ0r0Od7FDJcSqZXFrOBcC22CwpOeS0DkFWPqlLf9xn5Oqm8AUI1O_JKpSprqdkGyie85tDKLxchgZN.YOwh4CiJSKlZKEB8bcJCj_vGWth9rrBvWOjFJBpNiBeondTjX1IqqzaBukLcORHd7tOyTaFaZcrZfuJquocjLDXQsNNuI8yqw2_6bqIDptgldX_.gUXtB.alsCr7nbFdXpwa5eK2I6JbSsHMM66d9BsF8GBty5pef9IJv6FPnyfWVRFipMnQHCj6_fSvbn0Vv.jyg9vNITqfTzYiM.rmXSFFIaTKNITX2e0gAF2.2dqUxJ8IVat99n09vggyU5arUjVnxUXhOfv7lYRvhnsDUStkRGrIu3lcKMVciVbKu4vYPU16qsAvh3_e0Bomi99SY7Ae9cKD5jiuPCL4lUqVJK8FfdCT3C.q4LrdjqHxOZcvIuVFWg9lBg3GNC7N4daDw2awYXUjgzXRWpwluauentqHbucbmJVQZiLuOiyx5aqpnAsPEIhnWymebl4dngpCiIs0Yxbg3l..jTQ0Hu9peGkh6OA1CaXJGPTiiu084JptpmVklMwU5s5uOZa0S6v4X9oM9I0PM1b9aUkVndmcwSxrkxJevvQI8UhIpWlVyP5guFnunj0D3pGu1WmhPC36l6erqvv.t06iNuTYJXaFZRxgUxSlLx0He3m4.Ix8OlErrEJywNNfxWPbhPaUMnS5a81N5kiw6CKe5pdrEnZsHXbtPtMfR0sqQaU.FsO2Atkd1cmYt5s2rq9TgUr7uC_Du3UnmQXnWZrGP.zjeawGL6KK44pAy10rc7vWdbvVea1nb8Cc_1GPUFhzJ8L4b6EdUkBDlij3GldEmHYbTW2KKpU8CTkvqC5EHVP0nJu3xFpZ7itI3y_KzHij9ESwpmPhirxVQpsDR1UlBEb7wqcLf1xwsdURNyJd0GgD8rL2vPusnKYvQ7G23IIK8DSvGu2CpNkFTmCjYQeAvOEsjGyRvfSXiz17JwsbE7DZAj.rIinxT4ktoFg1mocoJhVvSrJWiG7USgajtYIgIN1_hEgw.SuUSH5Q0SeG_pkb0dYE9AVTZeMtpDUbyFXaXT9NJ5HGCF69IZwv0Egag7ALGpc4OpZmikFUF_q.PnNo9xSK0Aku2jNy5E23Du073Ehq8_PT.L2EY2QLb6dXvgkxphpcdT6vvny8.5ILO2.3sJSfY_99ycnq_yYMdL5gfQmoZoc3SouKpeibc7AXInt_NRTxdp2wSmX.ljPGd7yHhsc4.e7tcFO32TrlwqcGYKbBe_A.rYAX9Smvv_bvulrAnZlhjX.OL_w7sLj2cL04vMsbaGs9xMNpT1agDlbv9FyoNqJ_QoYlD1g86OeXZWDhJXMyhYC6nE41JZrXRy4ztzkeUI3qAXLWsKIV8Zoz6JmxmVMm_GNIOO5FHyGi4bmOpzejoTOx2Ng._gTVKdU9aFeSGV_TCStL2Vkw8YRHK791CUnnQbM0iAWbAX_L2o5jdjVFZVZqgyWiS_DgbCYA2KX.7MtEPp5DFYqGuGsvWALIa_31nsU6keUKoIHsQtQHDAElwvTKcBmTHWVczIxzjTDMgayf5HYpsu20YF4zfS2UAUUjQNYpzV0GSfj.CODf8pPBwH3a.Lbx5U3OujJaK6jayX6Ylo1V.zkp_sajI0eE2dixhz3tA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=918dfa84bc7e37b5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10007327\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=dN5YzsoflCfNNV6lL_XcBGOMWMqITqSmSqMZGiLy7Q0-1740720164-1.0.1.1-N9y2Q3bNd_bVYW0hhhxjFbBhZ9VPM2oOUUTQIBFkPuI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>