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scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="auteur"> <span>Author Definition</span> </h2> <div class="section__content"> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-apercu" class="definition-section-title">Definition</h3> <div class="crayon article-chapo-99330 apercu surlignable"><p>Abuse of dominance is unilateral conduct using dominant market power (or a dominant position) to damage market competition and ultimately welfare. Most jurisdictions address the issue by prohibiting use of dominance or substantial market power, taking different approaches to terminology and the relevant threshold of market power. Dominance itself, or the degree of market power required by other wordings, is generally measured by the ability of an organisation to act without significant constraint, or to influence prices to exclude competition, or to profitably maintain prices above the cost of supply in the long run. Conduct which may infringe abuse of dominance and like provisions includes predatory pricing, exclusive dealing, loyalty rebates, tying and bundling, refusal to deal, and in some jurisdictions, excessive pricing.</p></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-texte" class="definition-section-title">Commentary</h3> <div class="crayon article-texte-99330 texte surlignable"><p>The distinction between acceptable conduct and conduct which will breach the dominance provisions is often difficult to draw. In most jurisdictions, no definite market share thresholds are set on a numerical basis to determine market power for assuming dominance or substantial market power. In some jurisdictions, presumptions of dominance arise based on specified market shares (for example, China, Korea), while some of these presumptions are rebuttable. The EU uses the threshold of dominance in Article 102 TFEU.</p> <p>A dominant position is the power to behave to an appreciable extent independently of its competitors, its customers, and consumers <i>(Hoffmann-La Roche)</i>. Article 102 prohibits collective abuse of dominance: by “one or more undertakings” <i>(Airtours)</i>. Mere possession of the required degree of market power is not sufficient. “Abuse” is not defined but various cases exemplify this conduct in particular sets of circumstances: see for example, <i>(Hoffmann-La Roche; Deutsche Telekom AG, para. 174)</i>. Article 102 identifies, non-exhaustively, potential problem conduct in paras. (a)-(d) as: imposing unfair purchase or selling prices or other unfair trading conditions; limiting production or technical development which prejudices consumers; discriminatory conditions on trading partners; and imposing obligations which have no connections to the dealings.</p> <p>The EU Commission and courts have more recently moved from a traditional form-based approach to prohibited conduct to focus more generally on the analysis of economic effects, but there is still a tendency to formalistically assess some types of unilateral conduct, particularly in the courts. A dominant undertaking has a special responsibility in the EU not to allow its behaviour to impair genuine, undistorted competition on the internal market <i>(Michelin, para. 70)</i>. It is not, however, the role of Article 102 to protect less efficient competitors <i>(Intel)</i>. If the dominant company can establish an objective justification for its conduct, such as achieving a legitimate objective of protecting or enhancing a public interest, defending its commercial interest <i>(United Brands)</i> or generating efficiencies not otherwise available <i>(British Airways)</i>, assessed on the basis of proportionality, there will be no abuse. More recently important decisions have addressed concerns in digital markets, for example <i>Google Search (Shopping)</i>.</p> <p>In the US, the prohibition contained in section 2 of the Sherman Act is against monopolization, being the use of monopoly power with an anticompetitive outcome. Monopoly power is power characterised as significant and durable market power. The Supreme Court has held that unlawful monopolization consists of two elements: the possession of monopoly power and the willful acquisition or maintenance of the power, as opposed to its development as a consequence of superior product, business acumen, or historic accident <i>(Grinnell Corp)</i>. The law requires proof of both monopoly power and exclusionary conduct <i>(Berkey Photo Inc v Eastman Kodak Co)</i>. The courts decide the meaning of the provision. Currently, as long as there is a business rationale for the conduct, it is likely to be judged efficiency-enhancing and allowed <i>(Verizon Communications Inc v Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko)</i>. The US prefers false negatives to false positives in antitrust intervention, which means that enforcement actions are likely to be less common than in the EU. See, for example <i>Verizon Communications Inc v Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko 540 US 398</i>.</p> <p><strong>NATIONAL COMPLEMENTS </strong></p> <p><i> <strong>The definition and commentary above focus on the EU/US points of views, or/and the author’s own jurisdiction. Readers are invited to complement these from their own legal system by proposing addendum of no more 150 words per country. These national complements contribute to building a more diverse and complete project. The complements are subject to review by the Editors and the primary author before inclusion.<i></strong></i> </i></p> <p><strong>China</strong></p> <p>China takes a European approach, focussing on elements associated with European Union law but with some additional considerations. Singapore also takes a European approach but focuses on total welfare rather than consumer welfare and expressly refers to predatory behaviour towards competitors as one type of conduct which might constitute an abuse of a dominant position.</p> <p><strong>Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand</strong></p> <p>Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand set thresholds for intervening in relation to unilateral market power although with differing approaches to purpose and effect and also arguably to thresholds of “substantial degree of market power”. Australia and New Zealand focus less on market shares and more on barriers to entry in determining market power. Australia has an anticompetitive purpose or effect test, while New Zealand currently has an anticompetitive purpose test. Hong Kong has an object or effect test, similar to the Australian test. All three jurisdictions focus analysis on substantially lessening or harming competition.</p></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-jurisprudence" class="definition-section-title">Case references</h3> <div class="crayon article-reference-99330 reference"><p><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2019/the-german-competition-authority-finds-that-the-data-gathering-practices-of-a" class="spip_in">15/02/19, Facebook, B6-22/16</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/review/issues/no-1-2018/case-comments/anticompetitive-leverage-eu-commission-sanctions-the-dominant-operator-of-the">27/06/17, Google Shopping, Case AT.3974</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2015/the-chinese-ndrc-applies-rigorously-the-anti-monopoly-law-and-fines-a-compagny-en">09/02/15, NDRC, Qualcomm</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2014/The-Chinese-Supreme-Court#">16/10/14, Beijing Qihoo Technology v Tencent Technologies (Shenzhen) and Shenzhen Tencent Calculation Systems, Yue Gao Fa Min Chu Zi No 2</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2004/the-us-supreme-court-introduces-a-new-method-for-regulatory-antitrust-analysis-en#">13/01/04, Verizon Communications v Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko</a></p> <p><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61976CJ0085" class="spip_out" rel="external">13/02/79, Hoffmann-La Roche & Co, Case 85/76</a></p></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-biblio" class="definition-section-title">Bibliography</h3> <div class="crayon article-ps-99330 jurisprudence"><p>Whish, R. and Bailey, D., <i>Competition Law</i>, 9th Edition, Oxford University Press, 2018.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"> <div class="miniplan miniplan_definition sticky-top" id="definition-index"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#part-apercu" data-target="#part-apercu">Definition</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#part-texte" data-target="#part-texte">Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#part-jurisprudence" data-target="#part-jurisprudence">Case references</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#part-biblio" data-target="#part-biblio">Bibliography</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2>Author</h2> <div class="auteurs"> <ul class="liste-items liste-items-well"> <li class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/authors/deborah-healey" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:50px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L100xH100/auton21785-c548c.png?1711359230) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Deborah Healey</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">University of New South Wales (Sydney)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">Australia</span> <span class="articles"><em>7</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>52521</em> visits</span> </div> </div></li> </ul> </div> <div class="well citation"> <h2>Quotation</h2> <article class="entry article article-dictionary hentry"> <span class="authors">Deborah Healey, </span> <span class="entry-title">Abuse of dominance</span><span class="rubrique"><span class="sep">, </span> Global Dictionary of Competition Law, Concurrences, Art. N° 20101</span> </article> </div> <div class="well stats"> <p><i class="picto picto-eye"></i> <b>Visits</b> <em class="number">66424</em></p> </div> </aside> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_author scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="institution"> <span>Institution Definition</span> </h2> <div class="section__content"> <div class="crayon article-texte-20101 texte surlignable"><p>Anti-competitive business practices (including improper exploitation of customers or exclusion of competitors) in which a dominant firm may engage in order to maintain or increase its position on the market. Competition Law prohibits such behaviour, as it damages true competition between firms, exploits consumers, and makes it unnecessary for the dominant undertaking to compete with other firms on the merits. Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU lists some examples of abuse, namely unfair pricing, restriction of production output and imposing discriminatory or unnecessary terms in dealings with trading partners. <strong>© <a href="IMG/pdf/european_commission_glossary_of_terms_used_in_eu_competition_policy_-_antitrust_and_control_of_concentrations.pdf?40143/c3774ee64935572d46552d77051b73fee53aeda168348c3575d30d9dabcc7a34" class="spip_in" type='application/pdf'>European Commission</a></strong></p> <p>Anticompetitive business practices in which a dominant firm may in order to maintain or increase its position in the market. These business practices by the firm, not without controversy, may be considered as "abusive or improper exploitation" of monopolistic control of a market aimed at restricting competition. The term abuse of dominant position has been explicitly incorporated in competition legislation of various countries such as Canada, EEC and Germany. In the United States, the counterpart provisions would be those dealing with monopoly and attempts to monopolize or monopolization of a market. Which of the different types of business practices are considered as being abusive will vary on a case by case basis and across countries. Some business practices may be treated differently in different jurisdictions as well. However, the business practices which have been contested in actual cases in different countries, not always with legal success, have included the following: charging unreasonable or excess prices, price discrimination, predatory pricing, price squeezing by integrated firms, refusal to deal/sell, tied selling or product bundling and preemption of facilities. (...) <strong>© <a href="IMG/pdf/oecd_-_glossary_of_industrial_organisation_economics_and_competition_law.pdf?39924/61543ab059ef02f25a5b58d7b8b4636a8fe2232efa57c3b86700b24cdb1da9ca" class="spip_in" type='application/pdf'>OECD</a></strong></p> <p>See <a href="en/dictionary/dominance-notion" class="spip_in">Dominance (notion)</a>, <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-economic-dependence" class="spip_in">Abuse of economic dependence</a> and <a href="en/dictionary/oligopoly" class="spip_in">Oligopoly</a></p></div> </div> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"></aside> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_references scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <section class="subsection subsection_jurisprudence related-section related-jurisprudence scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-jurisprudence"> <span id="references">Case Comments</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yX1QhW9uy/Ro79t3nMU/lQbHmcxuKZ1GVDPQXkAAsvINg8gDsClnRX2wt0zi5qXzx5K7Xu5GxnsJlCTbA9vRkIcBTBz+1eS9FTGW4I5zOw7IJLEl+TntykpD29y+mrvYko1LMJEKCdyhDzWihunEK8pq61v/dur0JMlZaj7to1DMMNylTplUXXhqoCRpO8FgMtj0d/nhNCfarUEaPnKARrIVkvJr9qHUcVZbD+Oql4w9uTOmmJ+lx6mskSSeVKaWK3slzM3mfGR1oR24qNnxOwDaHR18ihzkMwbIMt7jZBtoII/7WF6VwelLfskulcDhB/nazlw2jYYMCQ6Y6QxAJ/uMZ+9kzjL' data-origin="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/wilmer-hale">Wilmer Hale</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2000/the-eu-court-of-justice-dismisses-an-appeal-by-the-german-postal-service-over" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice dismisses an appeal by the German postal service over mail interception practices targeting private remail operators <em>(Deutsche Post)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-22T16:08:27Z">22 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121939 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 11 May 2000, the Court of Justice dismissed an appeal brought by Deutsche Post AG (“Deutsche Post”) against the judgment of the Court of First Instance of 16 September 1998 which annulled the Commission’s decision rejecting a complaint brought by the International Express Carriers Conference (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/european-commission-363">European Commission</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-eu-commission-fines-a-big-tech-company-eur797-72m-for-tying-its-online-ads" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission fines a Big Tech firm €797.7M for tying its online classified ads service to its personal social network and imposing unfair trading conditions on competitors <em>(Meta / Facebook Marketplace)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-13T23:00:00Z">14 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121783 introduction entry-content"> <p>The European Commission has fined Meta €797.72 million for breaching EU antitrust rules by tying its online classified ads service Facebook Marketplace to its personal social network Facebook and by imposing unfair trading conditions on other online classified ads service providers. <br class='autobr' /> The (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/fines-the-european-commission-imposes-a-fine-of-almost-800-million-euros-for" rel="bookmark"><strong>Fines</strong>: The European Commission imposes a fine of almost 800 million euros for two abuses of a dominant position <em>(Meta)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-13T23:00:00Z">14 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121800 introduction entry-content"> <p>On November 14, 2024, the Commission announced that it had sanctioned the American company Meta, owner of Facebook and Instagram, to the tune of 797.72 million euros for two abuses of dominant position, and ordered it to put an end to this behavior and to refrain from repeating the infringement (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/turkish-competition-authority-20394">Turkish Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-turkish-competition-authority-fines-a-sanitary-paper-products-company-for" rel="bookmark">The Turkish Competition Authority fines a sanitary paper products company for resale price maintenance <em>(Viking Kağıt)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-12T23:00:00Z">13 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121817 introduction entry-content"> <p>Around 9 million TL in Fines Imposed on Viking Kağıt in the Investigation Concluded with a Settlement* <br class='autobr' /> The investigation launched with the Competition Board decision dated 18.04.2024 and numbered 24-19/407-M to determine if Viking Kağıt ve Selüloz Sanayi ve Ticaret AŞ violated Article 4 of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bulgarian-competition-authority-sofia">Bulgarian Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-bulgarian-competition-authority-conducts-a-dawn-raid-at-the-premises-of-a" rel="bookmark">The Bulgarian Competition Authority conducts a dawn raid at the premises of a copyright management company suspected of abusing its dominant position <em>(Musicautor)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-11T23:00:00Z">12 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121813 introduction entry-content"> <p>THE COMMISSION ON PROTECTION OF COMPETITION CONDUCTED INSPECTIONS AT THE PREMISES OF MUSICAUTOR* <br class='autobr' /> On the 30th of July 2024, officials from the Commission on Protection of Competition, with the assistance of officials from the Ministry of the Interior, carried a dawn raid at the premises of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/chilean-competition-authority-132330">Chilean Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-chilean-competition-court-investigates-a-shopping-mall-group-for-the" rel="bookmark">The Chilean Competition Court upholds claims that a shopping mall group filed 15 illegitimate lawsuits to impede competition <em>(Pasmar / Grupo Jano)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-10T23:00:00Z">11 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121814 introduction entry-content"> <p>Judgment No. 197/2024: Free Competition Defense Court partially accepts the claim of Inmobiliaria Power Center Limitada and Inversiones Magallanes SpA* <br class='autobr' /> Power Center Limitada and Inversiones Magallanes SpA (“Pasmar”) against Inmobiliaria Mall Plaza de los Ríos Limitada, Inmobiliaria Tres Ríos (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/canadian-competition-bureau-84000">Canadian Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/competition-bureau-obtains-court-order-to-advance-an-investigation-into-dye" rel="bookmark">The Canadian Competition Authority obtains a court order to advance its investigation into alleged anticompetitive practices by a software company <em>(Dye & Durham)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-06T23:00:00Z">7 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121615 introduction entry-content"> <p>Competition Bureau obtains court order to advance an investigation into Dye & Durham’s business practices* <br class='autobr' /> The Competition Bureau obtained a court order to gather information and advance an ongoing investigation into alleged anti-competitive conduct by Dye & Durham Limited. Dye & (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/european-commission-363">European Commission</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/commission-opens-antitrust-investigation-into-possible-anticompetitive" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission launches an investigation into a glass producer under suspicion of having abused its dominant position by entering into exclusive supply agreements <em>(Corning)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-05T23:00:00Z">6 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121613 introduction entry-content"> <p>Commission opens antitrust investigation into possible anticompetitive practices by Corning over cover glass for electronic devices* <br class='autobr' /> The European Commission has opened a formal investigation to assess whether Corning may have abused its dominant position on the worldwide market for a special (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/new-zealand-competition-authority">New Zealand Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2024/the-new-zealand-competition-authority-files-proceedings-against-a-plasterboard" rel="bookmark">The New Zealand Competition Authority files proceedings against a plasterboard manufacturer for anticompetitive rebates <em>(Winstone Wallboards)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-31T23:00:00Z">1 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121454 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Commerce Commission has filed proceedings under sections 27 and 36 of the Commerce Act in the Auckland High Court against Winstone Wallboards, a subsidiary of Fletcher Building that manufactures and supplies GIB-branded plasterboard. The Commission alleges that Winstone’s use of retroactive (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/kyriakos-fountoukakos">Kyriakos Fountoukakos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/kristien-geeurickx">Kristien Geeurickx</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/emily-bottle">Emily Bottle</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/peter-rowland">Peter Rowland</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2024/the-eu-commission-fines-a-pharmaceutical-company-eur462-6m-for-misusing" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission fines a pharmaceutical company €462.6M for misusing divisional patents and implementing a disparagement campaign <em>(Teva)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-30T23:00:00Z">31 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121446 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 31 October 2024 the European Commission (Commission) imposed a fine of €462.6 million on pharmaceutical company Teva for abuse of dominance in relation to its blockbuster drug Copaxone, which is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The abuse consists of a misuse of the patent (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/european-commission-363">European Commission</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-eu-commission-fines-a-pharmaceutical-company-eur462-6m-for-misusing-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission fines a pharmaceutical company €462.6M for misusing the patent system and disparagement to delay rival multiple sclerosis medicine <em>(Teva)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-30T23:00:00Z">31 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121447 introduction entry-content"> <p>Commission fines Teva €462.6 million over misuse of the patent system and disparagement to delay rival multiple sclerosis medicine* <br class='autobr' /> The European Commission has fined Teva €462.6 million for abusing its dominant position to delay competition to its blockbuster medicine for the treatment of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michael-clancy">Michael Clancy</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/peter-l-ecluse">Peter L’Ecluse</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/catherine-longeval">Catherine Longeval</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/koen">Koen T’Syen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2024/the-eu-commission-fines-a-pharmaceutical-company-eur462-6m-for-abusing-its" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission fines a pharmaceutical company €462.6M for abusing its dominant position to delay the market entry of rival medicines for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis <em>(Teva)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-30T23:00:00Z">31 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121449 introduction entry-content"> <p>Today, the European Commission (the Commission) fined Teva EUR 462.6 million for abusing its dominant position to delay the market entry of rival medicines for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (see, attached press release and statement). The Commission established that Teva (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/patents-the-european-commission-penalises-for-the-first-time-practices" rel="bookmark"><strong>Patents</strong>: The European Commission penalises for the first time practices involving abuse of the patent system and denigration aimed at delaying the arrival of originator-competing medicines <em>(Teva)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-30T23:00:00Z">31 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121582 introduction entry-content"> <p>On October 31, 2024, the Commission imposed a fine of €462.6 million on the pharmaceutical company Teva for abusing its dominant position to delay competition for its blockbuster drug used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, Copaxone. More specifically, Teva was alleged to have (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/polish-competition-authority">Polish Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2024/the-polish-competition-authority-finds-no-abuse-of-dominance-by-tv-broadcasters" rel="bookmark">The Polish Competition Authority finds no abuse of dominance by TV broadcasters in subscriber bundle offerings <em>(Telewizja Polsat / Discovery)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-28T23:00:00Z">29 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121471 introduction entry-content"> <p>Bundling – conclusion of antitrust proceedings* The President of UOKiK concluded proceedings concerning the practices of Telewizja Polsat and companies from the Discovery Group. An in-depth analysis showed that the suspected actions of broadcasters do not impact the contents of bundles offered (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/federico-de-michiel">Federico De Michiel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/paulo-abecasis">Paulo Abecasis</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/julia-wahl">Julia Sabine Wahl</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/tuomas-haanpera">Tuomas Haanperä</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/special-issues/eu-competition-law/eu-competition-law-an-economists-overview-of-case-law" rel="bookmark">EU Competition Law: An economists’ overview of case law</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-24T22:00:00Z">25 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120852 introduction entry-content"><p>European Union (EU) competition enforcement has remained active over the past year with notable decisions by the Commission and rulings on landmark cases by the EU courts. In the past 12 months, two new tools came fully into force for the European Commission’s (the Commission) Directorate General for Competition (DG Comp): the Digital Markets Act (DMA) gatekeepers’ designations in September and the mandatory notifications of the Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR) for mergers and public tenders. The Commission has already demonstrated its intent to make full use of these tools, having opened one Phase 2 investigation under FSR and six investigations under DMA compliance rules by June 2024. Under FSR, the Commission also opened its first ex officio investigation into the wind turbine industry in April 2024. It is still too early to tell how the Commission will use its economic tools in applying these new regulations with only one decision being announced so far. This article provides a brief overview of recent developments in the second half of 2023 and the first half of 2024 in competition law enforcement in Europe, focusing particularly on the usage of economics in those investigations. To draft this article, we have interviewed the DG Comp’s Chief Economist Team (CET) and prominent competition law practices in Brussels: Covington, Dentons, DLA Piper, Freshfields, Jones Day, Linklaters, Slaughter and May, Weil, Gotshal & Manges, and WilmerHale. These interviews were conducted between June and September 2024.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><a id='pagination_articles_related' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsection_articles related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-articles"> <span>Articles</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXlRhW9uynRg789g9Hqumk+YhcWERT0PYFVueMY1xx6Fo4LiwMTdzc44FBvAzs4LuxBVB9qUeK/60rZJqUtZsVFpLqQsJ95H8/9ion54DA/Oo+7ZG+vXhGthwSUr4eAGnVuKKEADF2lCb9K4y7STZ4CgiHu2hohINreRK4ufiCsq0KZB0nvW6YP+p1xok+S3kYyI3Tx08Xqr1xTZzbvH98oozO/EgRsXObblLO56OJRN0pqtSYaEmkZQZTTDuil8KuQm7vAllMxWx1Au/LB1Wbl7DkLAkwFYT3LT/ZoAM8iclgUXao8ypOn+c6twer0QhXU1iRMemT1/9OTM1jgWg==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/concurrences-3242">Concurrences</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2024/insights/open-letter-to-the-designated-commissioner-in-charge-of-european-competition" rel="bookmark">Open letter to the designated Commissioner in charge of European competition policy</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-05T10:42:53Z">5 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121478 introduction entry-content"> <p>As the European Parliament prepares to audition Mrs. Teresa Ribera Rodríguez for the role of European Commissioner for Competition on November 12, 2024, Concurrences sought your insights on the crucial competition issues shaping the next mandate. We were thrilled to receive over 300 responses to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/herbert-hovenkamp-2156">Herbert Hovenkamp</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/james-a-keyte">James A. Keyte</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/interview/herbert-hovenkamp-university-of-pennsylvania-the-need-for-objective-measures-in-119755" rel="bookmark">Herbert Hovenkamp (University of Pennsylvania): The need for objective measures in antitrust law</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119755 introduction entry-content"> <p>Interview conducted by James Keyte, Director at Fordham Competition Law Institute, New York <br class='autobr' /> ********** <br class='autobr' /> The first observation I will make about Professor Hovenkamp is that anytime you send him an email, or call him, he responds immediately; if he does that for me, I can’t imagine what he’s (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/wouter-wils">Wouter Wils</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/articles/the-european-commission-s-cartel-settlement-procedure-an-assessment-after" rel="bookmark">The European Commission’s cartel settlement procedure: An assessment after fifteen years</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119526 introduction entry-content"> <p>With effect on 1 July 2008, the European Commission established a cartel settlement procedure. It was stated at the time that this was done “in order to handle faster and more efficiently cartel cases.” Additionally, it was expected that the settlement procedure “could reduce litigation before (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ioannis-stefatos">Ioannis Stefatos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ania-thiemann">Ania Thiemann</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/law-economics/exploiting-end-user-data-in-digital-mergers-does-the-gdpr-have-a-role-to-play" rel="bookmark">Exploiting end-user data in digital mergers: Does the GDPR have a role to play? Thoughts on the role of data protection</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119523 introduction entry-content"> <p>In recent years, there has been significant debate regarding the role of end-user data in digital markets, and whether data privacy should influence merger control as well as other competition assessments. This discussion arises from the surge in mergers and acquisitions among digital platforms (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/guillaume-fabre-22585">Guillaume Fabre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bastien-thomas">Bastien Thomas</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/nicolas-chavonnand-valades">Nicolas Chavonnand Valades</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/articles/concentrations-in-the-digital-sector-interplays-between-the-dma-and-eu-merger" rel="bookmark">Concentrations in the digital sector: Interplays between the DMA and EU merger control</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119116 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Digital Markets Act (DMA) will interact with the merger control regime, procedurally and on the merits. Procedurally, Article 14 DMA essentially compels gatekeepers to disclose all concentrations in the digital sector to the European Commission, regardless of any relationship with their (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/catherine-prieto-62">Catherine Prieto</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/books/competition-and-sustainability-economic-policy-and-options-for-reform-in-119780" rel="bookmark">Competition and Sustainability: Economic Policy and Options for Reform in Antitrust and Competition Law</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119780 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section lists and comments on books and other publications in the fields of competition law, competition law & economics and regulatory law. By its very nature, such a review cannot be exhaustive and is therefore limited to presenting some recent publications in these fields. Authors (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/catherine-prieto-62">Catherine Prieto</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/jean-michel-marmayou">Jean Michel Marmayou</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/david-bosco">David Bosco</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/fabrice-rizzo">Fabrice Rizzo</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/conferences/competition-and-sport-paris-3-april-2024" rel="bookmark">Competition and sport (Paris, 3 April 2024)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118802 introduction entry-content"> <p>Table of content Introduction Catherine Prieto, Professor, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne Articulating the rules: Rejecting the sporting exception Jean-Michel Marmayou, Professor, Aix-Marseille University Director, Centre de droit du sport, Faculté de droit d’Aix-Marseille Centre de droit (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/fayrouze-masmi-dazi">Fayrouze Masmi-Dazi</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/legal-practice/edging-antitrust-enforcement-in-the-generative-artificial-intelligence-era" rel="bookmark">Edging antitrust enforcement in the generative artificial intelligence era</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118108 introduction entry-content"> <p>The advent of massive use of artificial intelligence is reshuffling the cards in the global competitive equilibrium of the Internet and the platform economy. It is notably because of this ability of inference that GenAI poses difficult challenges in terms of transparency and explainability. This (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michelle-meagher">Michelle Meagher</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/foreword/the-tool-is-the-message-time-to-improve-the-antitrust-toolbox-118015" rel="bookmark">The tool is the message: Time to improve the antitrust toolbox</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118015 introduction entry-content"> <p>In the 1960s, communications theorist Marshall McLuhan coined the phrase “the medium is the message.” McLuhan’s point was that the medium through which a message is communicated itself forms part of the message conveyed. I was reminded of this concept during a conversation on the role of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/elisabetta-iossa">Elisabetta Iossa</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/clara-calini">Clara Calini</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/libres-propos/main-trends-in-global-antitrust-enforcement-proactive-enforcers-in-a-changing" rel="bookmark">Main trends in global antitrust enforcement: Proactive enforcers in a changing world</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117880 introduction entry-content"> <p>This article is intended to provide some thoughts on the role of national competition authorities in the next few years, taking stock on where we are now and the expected challenges ahead. <br class='autobr' /> Introduction <br class='autobr' /> This brief contribution is intended to provide some thoughts on the role of national (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/foreword/competition-law-in-question-putting-it-into-perspective" rel="bookmark">Competition law in question: Putting it into perspective</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118053 introduction entry-content"> <p>In recent years, competition law in both the United States and Europe has given rise to a number of questions concerning its purpose, raison d’être and effectiveness. <br class='autobr' /> Various aspects of competition law have given rise to controversy. Some felt that competition law had lost sight of what its (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/david-bosco">David Bosco</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/pauline-helly-d-angelin-205493">Pauline Helly d’Angelin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/didier-theophile">Didier Theophile</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/adam-kidane">Adam Kidane</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/virginia-pavel-dobre">Virginia Pavel Dobre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/jonathan-m-barnett">Jonathan M. Barnett</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alec-j-burnside">Alec J. Burnside</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/on-topic/a-look-at-the-treatment-of-abusive-mergers-in-europe-art-22-of-regulation-ec-no" rel="bookmark">A look at the treatment of abusive mergers in Europe (Art. 22 of Regulation (EC) No 139/2004, Art. 102 TFEU, etc.)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-29T23:00:00Z">March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117409 introduction entry-content"> <p>Abusive mergers are implemented by companies guided by an eviction strategy. This phenomenon, known to economists as ‘killer acquisitions’ or ‘predatory’ practices, has led European law to undergo a profound transformation to empower competition authorities to scrutinize these previously immune (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ines-domingues-alves">Inês Domingues Alves</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/rita-leandro-vasconcelos-209748">Rita Leandro Vasconcelos</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/libres-propos/application-of-article-7-of-regulation1-2003-in-cases-of-abuse-of-dominance" rel="bookmark">Application of Article 7 of Regulation 1/2003 in cases of abuse of dominance: Which way forward?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-29T23:00:00Z">March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-116847 introduction entry-content"> <p>Introduction <br class='autobr' /> Remedies are an essential part of the competition law enforcement system. However, designing the most appropriate remedies and properly implementing them is a very challenging task. Failure to do this properly can undermine the effectiveness of competition law. <br class='autobr' /> Recent decisions (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/georgios-gryllos">Georgios Gryllos</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/articles/the-new-digital-landscape-interaction-between-the-dma-and-rules-of-national-and" rel="bookmark">The new digital landscape: Interaction between the DMA and rules of national and EU law governing the conduct of gatekeepers</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-29T23:00:00Z">March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-116827 introduction entry-content"> <p>I. Introduction <br class='autobr' /> 1. The Digital Markets Act (DMA) lays down harmonised rules ensuring, for all businesses, contestable and fair markets in the digital sector across the Union where so-called “gatekeepers” are present, to the benefit of business users and end users. In order to achieve that (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/antonin-pitras">Antonin Pitras</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/books/fintech-competition-law-policy-and-market-organisation-117326" rel="bookmark">Fintech Competition: Law, Policy, and Market Organisation</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-29T23:00:00Z">March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117326 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-events"> <span>Events</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXvQhWtuyjR679l0G7BjCGDh7VjCx1MC627mMKC+4Pz7xjBG3tqLTi0ZESjiKlJAsSctReNDazSPwNOLQu1fcg57n6s5mKQV+0pufX/CVEWO5LEl3rktyktE2fy5mpvDIM8LJN5IGAJSzZh9OedeG5qmOB1cBLQrQ2fWXZ9E80XJIDCClBeDvRjjQb78qp6Ay4gLiKGhkyhf1Bplv7KCcIP7AJIjtqnVYVB7DgGIJQw9uTOsA51Z+DhfoGSD+kbV9nX8aw2GO3S2mZK4oNvtuIbLmY7Clju8QQcliLumpYt30TrMP2DC2kWEBqXJHmbsll6cpVwPnN3XN0w+2DDld/irIc+ig==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/william-e-kovacic">William E. Kovacic</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/deborah-healey">Deborah Healey</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/richard-whish">Richard Whish</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pablo-trevisan">Pablo Trevisán</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/global-competition-law-in-the-digital-age-balancing-regulation-and-innovation" rel="bookmark">Global Competition Law in the Digital Age : Balancing Regulation and Innovation</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-02T12:30:00Z">2 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120832 introduction entry-content"> <p>The “Global Competition Law in the Digital Age : Balancing Regulation and Innovation” Webinar took place online, on October 2nd, 2024. <br class='autobr' /> This online webinar explored the evolving global landscape of competition law, with a particular focus on digital markets and the increasing regulation of Big (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nils-wahl">Nils Wahl</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/linsey-mccallum">Linsey McCallum</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nuno-cunha-rodrigues">Nuno Cunha Rodrigues</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/elisabetta-iossa">Elisabetta Iossa</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/cani-fernandez">Cani Fernández</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/thibaud-verge">Thibaud Vergé</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/fernando-castillo-de-la-torre">Fernando Castillo de la Torre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/luca-prete">Luca Prete</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/damien-gerard">Damien Gerard</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/massimiliano-kadar">Massimiliano Kadar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jurgen-schindler">Jürgen Schindler</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/xavier-boutin">Xavier Boutin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/aleksandra-boutin">Aleksandra Boutin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/howard-shelanski">Howard Shelanski</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/constance-monnier-schlumberger">Constance Monnier-Schlumberger</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/christian-ahlborn-1759">Christian Ahlborn</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/kai-uwe-kuhn">Kai-Uwe Kühn</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alessandra-tonazzi-20595">Alessandra Tonazzi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/stephane-dionnet">Stéphane Dionnet</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-eymard">Laurent Eymard</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/article-102-guidelines-where-are-we-heading-116365" rel="bookmark">Article 102 Guidelines: Where are we heading?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-21T13:00:00Z">21 March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-116365 introduction entry-content"><p>The “Article 102 Guidelines: Where Are We Heading?” conference organised by Concurrences in partnership with Berkeley Research Group, Covington, Davis Polk, McDermott Will & Emery, and Positive Competition took place in Brussels on March 21st, 2024.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/michael-kades">Michael Kades</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/elise-kirban">Elise Kirban</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/robert-bruce-wark">Robert Bruce Wark</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/shaoul-sussman">Shaoul Sussman</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/elizabeth-taras">Elizabeth Taras</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/robert-majure-85970">Robert Majure</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/markus-h-meier">Markus H. Meier</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/mathis-wagner">Mathis Wagner</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/jesus-m-alvarado-rivera">Jesús M. Alvarado-Rivera</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/amanda-reeves">Amanda Reeves</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/william-e-kovacic">William E. Kovacic</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/hal-singer">Hal Singer</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/bernard-barry-a-nigro-jr">Bernard (Barry) A. Nigro Jr.</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/2023-bill-kovacic-antitrust-salon" rel="bookmark">2023 Bill Kovacic Antitrust Salon</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-09-18T16:00:00Z">18 September 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112973 introduction entry-content"><p>The Bill Kovacic Antitrust Salon organised in partnership with The George Washington University, Fried Frank, Cornerstone Research, Clifford Chance, Bates White, Latham & Watkins, Econ One and ELIG Gürkaynak Attorneys-at-Law took place in Washington on September 18th, 2023.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/elodie-vandenhende">Elodie Vandenhende</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/annemiek-wilpshaar">Annemiek Wilpshaar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/paul-lugard">Paul Lugard</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/chris-boyd-kirkland-com">Chris Idermark-Boyd</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/damien-gerard">Damien Gerard</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/aleksandra-boutin">Aleksandra Boutin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/matthew-levitt">Matthew Levitt</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/tero-louko">Tero Louko</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/will-hayter">Will Hayter</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/mette-alfter">Mette Alfter</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/david-cardwell">David Cardwell</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/birthe-panhans">Birthe Panhans</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/joan-de-sola-morales">Joan de Solà-Morales</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ricardo-zimbron">Ricardo Zimbron</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/miguel-perez-guerra">Miguel Perez Guerra</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/john-m-taladay">John Taladay</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/maureen-ohlhausen">Maureen Ohlhausen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/global-antitrust-hot-topics-eu-us-global-perspectives-112853" rel="bookmark">Global Antitrust Hot Topics: EU, US & Global Perspectives</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-09-28T10:00:00Z">28 September 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112853 introduction entry-content"><p>The 11th Global Antitrust Hot Topics Conference organised by Concurrences in partnership with Baker Botts, Frontiers Economics, Meta, Positive Competition and RBB Economics, took place in Brussels on September 28th, 2023.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/benoit-coeure">Benoît Cœuré</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/aleksandra-boutin">Aleksandra Boutin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/marion-bailly">Marion Bailly</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pascal-belmin">Pascal Belmin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/elie-cohen">Elie Cohen</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/kai-uwe-kuhn">Kai-Uwe Kühn</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/stephanie-yon-courtin">Stéphanie Yon-Courtin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/laila-medina">Laila Medina</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/severine-schrameck">Séverine Schrameck</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/david-sevy">David Sevy</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/wouter-wils">Wouter Wils</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rafael-amaro">Rafael Amaro</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/inge-bernaerts">Inge Bernaerts</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/antoine-chapsal">Antoine Chapsal</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/gonenc-gurkaynak">Gönenç Gürkaynak</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ioannis-lianos">Ioannis Lianos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/damien-gerard">Damien Gerard</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/marie-anne-lavergne">Marie-Anne Lavergne</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ief-daems">Ief Daems</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/damien-levie">Damien Levie</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/etienne-pfister">Etienne Pfister</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/faustine-viala">Faustine Viala</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/anna-marcoulli">Anna Marcoulli</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/2023-new-frontiers-of-antitrust-conference" rel="bookmark">2023 New Frontiers of Antitrust Conference</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-06-22T06:30:00Z">22 June 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-111868 introduction entry-content"><p>The “14th New Frontiers of Antitrust Conference” organised by Concurrences took place on June 22, 2023 at the Ministry of the Economics.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/svetlana-s-gans">Svetlana S. Gans</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/amanda-l-wait">Amanda Wait</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/peter-swire">Peter Swire</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/john-d-graubert">John D. Graubert</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/william-e-kovacic">William E. Kovacic</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/ftc-s-rulemaking-authority-update-following-recent-developments" rel="bookmark">FTC’s Rulemaking Authority: Update Following Recent Developments</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-10-24T13:30:00Z">24 October 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108758 introduction entry-content"><p>The “FTC’s Rulemaking Authority: Update Following Recent Developments” webinar organised by Concurrences, in partnership with CCIA, with an opening speech by <a href="en/authors/william-e-kovacic" class="spip_in">William E. Kovacic</a> (Professor, The George Washington University School of Law), followed by a panel with <a href="en/authors/svetlana-s-gans" class="spip_in">Svetlana Gans</a> (Partner, Gibson Dunn), <a href="en/authors/john-d-graubert" class="spip_in">John D. Graubert</a> (Senior Counsel, Covington & Burling, Washington D.C.), <a href="en/auteurs/peter-swire" class="spip_in">Peter Swire</a> (Holder Chair of Law and Ethics, Georgia Tech Scheller College of Business | Senior Counsel, Alston & Bird), and <a href="en/authors/amanda-l-wait" class="spip_in">Amanda Wait</a> (Head of Antitrust, Norton Rose Fulbright).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/paulo-burnier-da-silveira">Paulo Burnier da Silveira</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/gina-cass-gottlieb">Gina Cass-Gottlieb</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michal-s-gal">Michal Gal</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Geeta-Gouri">Geeta Gouri</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/gonenc-gurkaynak">Gönenç Gürkaynak</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/harry-first">Harry First</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/antitrust-in-developing-emerging-economies-2" rel="bookmark">Big Tech and Developing Countries: Can Developing Countries Harness the Opportunities and Control the Abuses? </a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-10-26T15:30:00Z">26 October 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-108509 introduction entry-content"><p>2nd webinar of the “Antitrust in Developing & Emerging Economies: New Challenges in Public Interest, Big Tech, and Regionalism” Conference, organised by Concurrences in partnership with ELIG Gürkaynak Attorneys-at-Law. The second panel “Big Tech and Developing Countries: Can Developing Countries Harness the Opportunities and Control the Abuses?” with <a href="en/authors/paulo-burnier-da-silveira" class="spip_in">Paulo Burnier da Silveira</a> (Senior Competition Expert, Competition Division, OECD), <a href="en/auteurs/gina-cass-gottlieb" class="spip_in">Gina Cass-Gottlieb</a> (Chair, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission), <a href="en/authors/michal-s-gal" class="spip_in">Michal Gal</a> (Professor, University of Haifa), <a href="en/auteur/Geeta-Gouri" class="spip_in">Geeta Gouri</a> (Economic Consultant), <a href="en/authors/gonenc-gurkaynak" class="spip_in">Gönenç Gürkaynak</a> (Founding Partner, ELIG Attorneys-at-Law) and <a href="en/authors/harry-first" class="spip_in">Harry First</a> (Professor, NYU School of Law).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/paul-nihoul">Paul Nihoul</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/benoit-coeure">Benoît Cœuré</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ian-forrester">Ian Forrester</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/benoit-durand">Benoît Durand</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andreas-mundt">Andreas Mundt</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/david-sevy">David Sevy</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/gonenc-gurkaynak">Gönenç Gürkaynak</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pierre-regibeau">Pierre Régibeau</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/yann-guthmann">Yann Guthmann</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jee-yeon-lehmann">Jee-Yeon Lehmann</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/martijn-snoep">Martijn Snoep</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/olivier-guersent">Olivier Guersent</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/elvira-aliende-rodriguez">Elvira Aliende Rodriguez</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/melanie-thill-tayara">Mélanie Thill-Tayara</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-de-bure">Frédéric de Bure</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/stanislas-martin">Stanislas Martin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/irene-de-angelis">Irene de Angelis</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/anne-sophie-chone-grimaldi">Anne-Sophie Choné-Grimaldi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ioannis-lianos">Ioannis Lianos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/raphael-de-coninck">Raphaël De Coninck</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/luc-gyselen">Luc Gyselen</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacques-steenbergen">Jacques Steenbergen</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/thibaud-verge">Thibaud Vergé</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/new-frontiers-of-antitrust" rel="bookmark">New Frontiers of Antitrust</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-06-21T06:00:00Z">21 June 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-105317 introduction entry-content"><p>"13th New Frontiers of Antitrust" Conference organized by Concurrences in Paris, in partnership with Analysis Group, Arnold & Porter, Cleary Gottlieb, Compass Lexecon, Charles River Associates, Dechert, Elig Gürkaynak Attorneys-at-Law, Meta, RBB Economics and Shearman & Sterling.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/juliette-caminade">Juliette Caminade</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/daniel-fasquelle">Daniel Fasquelle</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/thibault-schrepel">Thibault Schrepel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/antoine-chapsal">Antoine Chapsal</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andreas-mundt">Andreas Mundt</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/andrea-pezzoli">Andrea Pezzoli</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/claudia-berg-2696">Claudia Berg</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacques-moscianese">Jacques Moscianese</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/xavier-boutin">Xavier Boutin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/yann-guthmann">Yann Guthmann</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/oliver-bethell">Oliver Bethell</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/dina-waked">Dina Waked</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-bary">Laurence Bary</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/vilen-lipatov">Vilen Lipatov</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/olivier-freget">Olivier Fréget</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/assimakis-komninos">Assimakis Komninos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/david-foster">David Foster</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/fayrouze-masmi-dazi">Fayrouze Masmi-Dazi</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/digital-antitrust-how-to-regulate-104875" rel="bookmark">Digital Antitrust: How to Regulate?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-03-17T07:30:00Z">17 March 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-104875 introduction entry-content"><p>3rd “Digital Antitrust: How to Regulate?” Conference organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Analysis Group, Dechert, Fréget Glaser & Associés, Frieh Associés, Frontier Economics, Intesa Sanpaolo, Meta, Positive Competition, Shearman & Sterling and White & Case.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rasul-butt">Rasul Butt</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sandra-marco-colino">Sandra Marco Colino</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/winston-kiang">Winston Kiang</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/yan-yu">Yan Yu</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/richard-rinkema">Richard Rinkema</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marcus-pollard">Marcus Pollard</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/peggy-leung">Peggy Leung</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/antitrust-in-asia-4-policy-legal-developments-in-mainland-china-hong-kong" rel="bookmark">Antitrust in Asia #4 Policy & Legal Developments in Mainland China & Hong Kong: Mergers, Cooperation, Dominance, Digital…</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-09-17T08:30:00Z">17 September 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100361 introduction entry-content"><p>4th Webinar of the 7th annual « Antitrust in Asia » conference organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Linklaters and RBB Economics with <a href="en/authors/rasul-butt" class="spip_in">Rasul Butt</a> (Chief Executive Officer, Hong Kong Competition Commission), <a href="en/auteurs/winston-kiang" class="spip_in">Winston Kiang</a> (Asia Pacific Japan Regional Competition Counsel, Intel), <a href="en/authors/peggy-leung" class="spip_in">Peggy Leung</a> (Regional Head of Competition Law, Asia Pacific, HSBC), <a href="en/authors/marcus-pollard" class="spip_in">Marcus Pollard</a> (Counsel, Linklaters), <a href="en/auteurs/richard-rinkema" class="spip_in">Richard Rinkema</a> (Lead Counsel, Asia Competition Law & Policy, Microsoft), <a href="en/authors/yan-yu" class="spip_in">Yan Yu</a> (Partner, RBB Economics) and <a href="en/authors/sandra-marco-colino" class="spip_in">Sandra Marco Colino</a> (Associate Professor, The Chinese University of Hong Kong).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/michael-g-jacobides-125245">Michael G. Jacobides</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marshall-van-alstyne">Marshall Van Alstyne</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/cristina-alaimo">Cristina Alaimo</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/thomas-kramler">Thomas Kramler</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/avantika-chowdhury">Avantika Chowdhury</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/simeon-thornton">Simeon Thornton</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/digital-enforcement-innovation-101264-en" rel="bookmark">Digital Enforcement & Innovation</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-06-29T15:00:00Z">29 June 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101264 introduction entry-content"><p>The "Digital Enforcement & Innovation?" Chatham House Rule style round-table featured key presentations by <a href="en/authors/frederic-jenny" class="spip_in">Frédéric Jenny</a> (OECD - Competition Division), <a href="en/auteurs/martin-peitz" class="spip_in">Michael Jacobides</a> (London Business School) and <a href="en/authors/marshall-van-alstyne" class="spip_in">Marshall Van Alstyne</a> (Boston University) followed by a live debate with key stakeholders from competition agencies, economists, lawyers and academics, and closed by a Q&A session. The presentations, the debate and the Q&A were chaired by <a href="en/authors/frederic-jenny" class="spip_in">Frédéric Jenny</a> (OECD - Competition Division). This third-of-its-kind Chatham House Rule style round-table was co-organised by Concurrences in partnership with Facebook, Freshfields and Oxera.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/tom-viebig">Tom Viebig</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/harald-mische">Harald Mische</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/miranda-cole">Miranda Cole</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/raphael-de-coninck">Raphaël De Coninck</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/lluis-sauri-romero-53553">Lluís Sauri Romero</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/horst-henschen">Horst Henschen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/excessive-prices-in-the-pharmaceutical-sector-in-the-eu-the-aspen-decision-100756" rel="bookmark">Excessive prices in the pharmaceutical sector in the EU: The Aspen Decision</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-21T13:30:00Z">21 May 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100756 introduction entry-content"><p>Law & Economics Webinar organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Covington & Burling and CRA, with <a href="en/authors/miranda-cole" class="spip_in">Miranda Cole</a> (Partner, Covington & Burling), <a href="en/authors/raphael-de-coninck" class="spip_in">Raphaël de Coninck</a> (Vice President, CRA), <a href="en/authors/horst-henschen" class="spip_in">Horst Henschen</a> (Of Counsel, Covington & Burling), <a href="en/authors/harald-mische" class="spip_in">Harald Mische</a> (Case Handler - Antitrust: Pharma and Health services, DG COMP), <a href="en/authors/lluis-sauri-romero-53553" class="spip_in">Lluís Sauri Romero</a> (Head of Unit - CET, DG COMP) and <a href="en/auteurs/tom-viebig" class="spip_in">Tom Viebig</a> (Case Handler - Antitrust: Pharma and Health services, DG COMP).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/claes-bengtsson">Claes Bengtsson</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/thorsten-kaseberg">Thorsten Käeseberg</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/hendrik-bourgeois">Hendrick Bourgeois</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/giuseppe-colangelo">Giuseppe Colangelo</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/benoit-durand">Benoît Durand</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ingrid-vandenborre">Ingrid Vandenborre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/amelia-fletcher">Amelia Fletcher</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/martin-peitz">Martin Peitz</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/will-a-one-size-fits-all-digital-markets-act-deliver-for-consumers-chatham-100754" rel="bookmark">Will a one-size-fits-all digital markets act deliver for consumers?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-11T15:00:00Z">11 May 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100754 introduction entry-content"><p>The "Will a one-size-fits-all digital markets act deliver for consumers?" Chatham House Rule style round-table featured key presentations by <a href="en/authors/amelia-fletcher" class="spip_in">Amelia Fletcher</a> (University of East Anglia) and <a href="en/auteurs/martin-peitz" class="spip_in">Martin Peitz</a> (University of Mannheim), followed by a live debate with key stakeholders from competition agencies, economists, lawyers and academics, and closed by a Q&A session. The presentations, the debate and the Q&A were chaired by <a href="en/authors/frederic-jenny" class="spip_in">Frédéric Jenny</a> (OECD - Competition Division). This second-of-its-kind Chatham House Rule style round-table was co-organised by Concurrences in partnership with Apple, RBB Economics and Skadden.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/amelia-fletcher">Amelia Fletcher</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marco-iansiti">Marco Iansiti</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/avantika-chowdhury">Avantika Chowdhury</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/david-teece">David Teece</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/digital-and-competition-3-what-can-digital-antitrust-learn-from-business" rel="bookmark">Digital and Competition #3 What can digital antitrust learn from Business & Management Science? </a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-11T14:30:00Z">11 March 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99031 introduction entry-content"><p>3rd Webinar of the 2nd « Digital and competition » organised by Concurrences, with <a href="en/authors/avantika-chowdhury" class="spip_in">Avantika Chowdury</a> (Partner, Oxera), <a href="en/authors/amelia-fletcher" class="spip_in">Amelia Fletcher</a> (Professor, University of East Anglia), <a href="en/authors/marco-iansiti" class="spip_in">Marco Iansiti</a> (Professor, Harvard Business School) and <a href="en/auteurs/david-teece" class="spip_in">David Teece</a> (Executive Chairman, BRG).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/daniel-sokol">Daniel Sokol</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marie-barbe-girard">Marie-Barbe Girard</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nicolas-petit">Nicolas Petit</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/benedict-evans">Benedict Evans</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/andrew-mccreary">Andrew McCreary</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/oliver-bethell">Oliver Bethell</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/antoine-chapsal">Antoine Chapsal</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-godfroid">Laurent Godfroid</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/digital-and-competition-4-business-angels-vc-and-cvc-what-role-for-antitrust-99021" rel="bookmark">Digital and Competition #4 Business angels, VC and CVC : What role for antitrust and regulatory policy ? & Fireside Chat</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-12T16:30:00Z">12 March 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99021 introduction entry-content"><p>4th Webinar of the 2nd « Digital and Competition » Conference organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Analysis Group, Gide Loyrette Nouel and White & Case. Panel with <a href="en/auteurs/benedict-evans" class="spip_in">Benedict Evans</a> (Independent Analyst), <a href="en/authors/marie-barbe-girard" class="spip_in">Marie-Barbe Girard</a> (Member of Selection Board, Station F), <a href="en/auteurs/andrew-mccreary" class="spip_in">Andrew McCreary</a> (JD/MBA Candidate, Stanford Law School), <a href="en/authors/daniel-sokol" class="spip_in">Daniel Sokol</a> (Professor, University of Florida | Senior Advisor, White & Case) and <a href="en/authors/nicolas-petit" class="spip_in">Nicolas Petit</a> (Professor, European University Institute). Fireside chat between <a href="en/authors/oliver-bethell" class="spip_in">Oliver Bethell</a> (Head of Competition EMEA, Google), <a href="en/authors/antoine-chapsal" class="spip_in">Antoine Chapsal</a> (Managing Principal, Analysis Group) and <a href="en/authors/laurent-godfroid" class="spip_in">Laurent Godfroid</a> (Partner, Gide Loyrette Nouel).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsections_books related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-books"> <span>Books</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yX1RhK9uyjRgDOlrVCd8lOyXkoWqaFjkKJi6MOhOP6RJzSRn5feknc+hm/WPfzpTWDWR/CIrAvza1rPbbx3CEhRvnuov9dw3iQvoVCkc8xCE/GB99YFKhJZHY8S+npX7Ws7LGRlGa1zWzbhtnAmmO4rGhk2xOyMwjv31Nw/dvjDoJGXOWPN9Sgmvr+RrE/++ujn2X+Ahkzp9OVR+Xd8QhpJ6YIYigpzjkxO7BzOqqbg8WTN0I5ih+MRf69RCgSbN8WHmw1gCUEcgf6T5v5nxQxJPWJjBFiOjSytIbN3g/zNHeS9wkNRTwjlJXjcGPAaH35k+/ALPdQYcCQ4FYEZOoi0MQ==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/friso-bostoen">Friso Bostoen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/all-books/abuse-of-platform-power-leveraging-conduct-in-digital-markets-under-eu" rel="bookmark">Abuse of Platform Power - Leveraging Conduct in Digital Markets under EU Competition Law and Beyond</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-07-06T22:00:00Z">7 July 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112864 introduction entry-content"> <p>Online platforms play a crucial role in today’s economy by serving as intermediaries between consumers and suppliers. 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It ruled on the (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/yo-sop-choi">Yo Sop Choi</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/artificial-intelligence-and-competition-policy-1491#id=129689" rel="bookmark">Artificial Intelligence and Competition Policy <small>Korean Competition Rules on Algorithmic Discrimination</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-24T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">25 </span><span class="m">Sep</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">201Arti cial Intelligence and Competition Policy Korean Competition Rules on Algorithmic Discrimination Yo Sop Choi * Graduate School of International and Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Abstract Discrimination matters. The principle of non-discrimination, pursuant to fair (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/cecilio-madero-villarejo">Cecilio Madero Villarejo</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/james-f-rill-liber-amicorum-a-life-in-antitrust-1489#id=128371" rel="bookmark">James F. Rill Liber Amicorum - A Life in Antitrust <small>The Super League Case - FIFA and UEFA and the Creation of New Competitions</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-08T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">9 </span><span class="m">Sep</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">307James F. Rill | A Life in Antitrust – Liber Amicorum The Super League Case: FIFA and UEFA and the Creation of New Competitions Cecilio Madero Villarejo & Jaime Andreu Romeo* Abstract In December 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that FIFA and UEFA – the most important (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/emmanuel-combe">Emmanuel Combe</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/competition-how-to-speak-like-an-expert-1357#id=113406" rel="bookmark">Competition - How to Speak Like an Expert <small><strong>Chapter 6</strong></br>The Role of Competition Policy</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-09-19T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">20 </span><span class="m">Sep</span></span><span class="y"> 2023</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">123 Chapter 6 The Role of Competition Policy Pro-competitive policies are not just about opening up sectors to competition. They also consist of ensuring that firms do not artificially restrict competition with anti-competitive practices once the market has been opened up. This is the role (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/friso-bostoen">Friso Bostoen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/abuse-of-platform-power-leveraging-conduct-in-digital-markets-under-eu-1354#id=111332" rel="bookmark">Abuse of Platform Power - Leveraging Conduct in Digital Markets under EU Competition Law and Beyond <small>Leveraging</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-07-06T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">7 </span><span class="m">Jul</span></span><span class="y"> 2023</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">F. Bostoen —Abuse of Platform Power 97 LEVERAGING This work focuses on intra-platform exclusion. Such exclusion proceeds primarily through platforms treating their own downstream services differently (ie preferentially) from those of competitors, making it easier for those services to outcompete (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/friso-bostoen">Friso Bostoen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/abuse-of-platform-power-leveraging-conduct-in-digital-markets-under-eu-1354#id=111330" rel="bookmark">Abuse of Platform Power - Leveraging Conduct in Digital Markets under EU Competition Law and Beyond <small>Categorizing Potentially Anticompetitive Behaviour by Online Platforms</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-07-06T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">7 </span><span class="m">Jul</span></span><span class="y"> 2023</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">F. Bostoen —Abuse of Platform Power 55 CATEGORIZING POTENTIALLY ANTICOMPETITIVE BEHAVIOUR BY ONLINE PLATFORMS Section 2.2 reviewed how platforms grow and develop into ecosystems, often by leveraging the strong position they maintain in their core market to adjacent markets. An ecosystem of (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/friso-bostoen">Friso Bostoen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/abuse-of-platform-power-leveraging-conduct-in-digital-markets-under-eu-1354#id=111331" rel="bookmark">Abuse of Platform Power - Leveraging Conduct in Digital Markets under EU Competition Law and Beyond <small><strong>Part 2 - Intra-Platform Exclusion Under Article 102 TFEU</strong></br>Intra-Platform Exclusion Preliminaries</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-07-06T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">7 </span><span class="m">Jul</span></span><span class="y"> 2023</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">PART 2 INTRA-PLATFORM EXCLUSION UNDER ARTICLE 102 TFEU F. Bostoen —Abuse of Platform Power 69 INTRA-PLATFORM EXCLUSION PRELIMINARIES An article 102 TFEU analysis requires establishing a dominant position before assessing whether any conduct is abusive. This goes back to the ‘special (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/friso-bostoen">Friso Bostoen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/abuse-of-platform-power-leveraging-conduct-in-digital-markets-under-eu-1354#id=111336" rel="bookmark">Abuse of Platform Power - Leveraging Conduct in Digital Markets under EU Competition Law and Beyond <small>Disruptive Discrimination</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-07-06T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">7 </span><span class="m">Jul</span></span><span class="y"> 2023</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">F. Bostoen —Abuse of Platform Power 189 DISRUPTIVE DISCRIMINATION I previously identified a ‘leveraging gap': there are instances of leveraging that do not, prima facie, fit the existing forms of abuse. When faced with this gap in Google Shopping, the EC plugged the gap in perhaps the most (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/friso-bostoen">Friso Bostoen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/abuse-of-platform-power-leveraging-conduct-in-digital-markets-under-eu-1354#id=111333" rel="bookmark">Abuse of Platform Power - Leveraging Conduct in Digital Markets under EU Competition Law and Beyond <small>Tying</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-07-06T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">7 </span><span class="m">Jul</span></span><span class="y"> 2023</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">F. Bostoen —Abuse of Platform Power 119 TYING Tying is the most traditional form of leveraging, which has led much of the leveraging debate to centre around this abuse. As discussed above, the Chicago School focused its criticism of leveraging conduct on tying. This form of abuse has not lost (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/friso-bostoen">Friso Bostoen</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/abuse-of-platform-power-leveraging-conduct-in-digital-markets-under-eu-1354#id=111334" rel="bookmark">Abuse of Platform Power - Leveraging Conduct in Digital Markets under EU Competition Law and Beyond <small>Refusal to Supply</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-07-06T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">7 </span><span class="m">Jul</span></span><span class="y"> 2023</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">F. Bostoen —Abuse of Platform Power 149 REFUSAL TO SUPPLY The legal status of unilateral refusals to deal and related practices (such as a decision to stop supplying a rival) has always been a complex and controversial issue in (EU) competition law. The idea is growing that certain online (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class="pagination more"><a id='pagination_chapitres' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en?debut_chapitres=15#pagination_chapitres' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"> <div class="miniplan miniplan_related sticky-top" id="related-index"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#related-jurisprudence" data-target="#related-jurisprudence">Case Comments</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#related-articles" data-target="#related-articles">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#related-events" data-target="#related-events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#related-books" 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href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#s" data-anchor="#s">s</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#t" data-anchor="#t">t</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#u" data-anchor="#u">u</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#v" data-anchor="#v">v</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en#w" data-anchor="#w">w</a> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="a"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">a</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/absolute-territorial-protection">Absolute territorial protection </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en">Abuse of dominant position</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-economic-dependence">Abuse of economic dependence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/access-to-the-file-en">Access to the file</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/actual-competitor">Actual competitor </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/administered-prices">Administered prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/advisory-committee-118302">Advisory committee</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agent-en">Agent</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agreement-notion-en">Agreement (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ai-collusion-algorithm">AI Collusion (Algorithm)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/AKZO-Procedure">AKZO Procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/amicus-curiae">Amicus curiae</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ancillary-restraints">Ancillary restraints </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/annulment">Annulment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-market-distortions">Anticompetitive Market Distortions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-object-or-effect-en">Anticompetitive object or effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-practices">Anticompetitive practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Antitrust">Antitrust</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/applicable-law">Applicable law</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/arbitration">Arbitration</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/article-11-letter">Article 11 letter </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/aec-as-efficient-competitor-principle-and-test">As-Efficient Competitor (AEC)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="b"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">b</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/barriers-to-entry-en">Barriers to entry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bertrand-nash-equilibrium">Bertrand (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bid-rigging">Bid rigging</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/block-exemption-regulation">Block exemption (Regulation) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/boycott">Boycott</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/brand-competition-en">Brand competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bundling">Bundling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/burden-of-proof">Burden of proof</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/buyer-power">Buyer power </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="c"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">c</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/cartel">Cartel </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/clearance-phase-ii-merger">Clearance phase II (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collecting-society">Collecting society </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-dominance">Collective dominance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-redress-class-action">Collective redress (class action)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/comity">Comity </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/commission-communication">Commission communication</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competence">Competence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competition-policy-89181">Competition policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/complaint">Complaint </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Compliance-programme">Compliance programme </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/compulsory-license">Compulsory license</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concentration-indexes-en">Concentration indexes</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concerted-practices-en">Concerted practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concession-86056">Concession</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction">Concurrent jurisdiction</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Consortium-12192">Consortium </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumer-protection">Consumer protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumers-associations-en">Consumers’ associations</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-change">Control (change)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-notion">Control (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cooperation-between-competition-authorities-en">Cooperation between competition authorities</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/coordinated-effects">Coordinated effects</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/copyright">Copyright</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corruption">Corruption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cost-based-access">Cost-based access</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cournot-nash-equilibrium">Cournot (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/criminal-sanctions">Criminal sanctions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cross-subsidisation">Cross subsidisation </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="d"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">d</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/damages">Damages</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/de-minimis-notice">De minimis notice</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/digital-markets-act">Digital Markets Act</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/direct-effect">Direct effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/discriminatory-practices">Discriminatory practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/distribution-agreement">Distribution agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/divestiture">Divestiture</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/dominance-notion">Dominance (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/downstream-market-117440">Downstream market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="e"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">e</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/echr">ECHR</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-analysis">Economic analysis</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-efficiency">Economic efficiency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economies-of-scale">Economies of scale </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ecosystem-failures">Ecosystem Failures</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effect-on-trade-between-member-states">Effect on trade between Member States</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effective-judicial-protection">Effective judicial protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effects-doctrine-118100">Effects doctrine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/efta-surveillance-authority-esa-court">EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) & Court </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/environmental-protection-en">Environmental protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/error-costs-108946">Error costs</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/essential-facility">Essential facility</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/european-competition-network-ecn-en">European Competition Network (ECN)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/excessive-prices-en">Excessive prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exchange-of-information">Exchanges of information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusionary-practice">Exclusionary practice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exclusive-distribution-12218">Exclusive distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-purchasing-en">Exclusive purchasing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-right-art-106-tfeu">Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusivity-clause">Exclusivity clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exhaustion">Exhaustion </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Extra-territoriality">Extra-territoriality</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="f"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">f</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Failing-firm-defence">Failing firm defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fidelity-rebates">Fidelity rebates</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Fine">Fine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fintech">Fintech</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreclosure-117887">Foreclosure</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-direct-investment-fdi">Foreign direct investment (FDI)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-subsidies">Foreign Subsidies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/form-co">Form CO (EU) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/frand">FRAND</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Free-riding">Free riding </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="g"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">g</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/geographic-market">Geographic market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corporate-group">Group of undertakings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/group-purchasing-organization">Group purchasing organization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/guidelines-119080">Guidelines</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/gun-jumping">Gun jumping</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="h"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">h</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/hard-core-restrictions">Hard core restrictions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Hearing-officer">Hearing officer </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/horizontal-agreement">Horizontal cooperation agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/hsr-filing-us-108854">HSR Filing (US)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="i"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">i</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/independence-and-impartiality">Independence and impartiality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/individual-exemption-86377">Individual exemption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/industrial-policy">Industrial policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/intellectual-property-right-en">Intellectual property right</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/inter-brand-competition">Inter-brand competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Interim-measures">Interim measures </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-co-operation">International co-operation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-competition-network-icn">International competition network (ICN) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/investigations-inquiries-en">Investigations / inquiries</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="j"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">j</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/judicial-review">Judicial review</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="k"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">k</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Know-how">Know-how </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="l"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">l</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/legal-privilege">Legal privilege</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Leniency-programme">Leniency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/lerner-index">Lerner index</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/letter-of-formal-notice-118055">Letter of formal notice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/licensing">Licensing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/limitation-period-119083">Limitation Period </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="m"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">m</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/margin-squeeze">Margin squeeze</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/marginal-costs">Marginal costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-economy-investor">Market economy investor</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-power">Market power</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-share">Market share </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/media-pluralism">Media pluralism</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-notion-12318-en">Merger (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-prohibition">Merger (prohibition)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-withdrawal-118046">Merger (withdrawal)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Merger-control-procedure">Merger control procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-remedies-100323">Merger remedies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/minority-shareholdings-89176">Minority shareholdings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/misinformation">Misinformation</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/mobility-barriers-117741">Mobility Barriers</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Monopoly">Monopoly </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="n"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">n</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/ne-bis-in-idem-86490">Ne bis in idem</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/negative-clearance-118047">Negative clearance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Network-effect">Network effect </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-compete-obligation-12156-en">Non-compete obligation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-horizontal-mergers">Non-Horizontal Mergers </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/notification-12310">Notification</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/nullity">Nullity </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="o"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">o</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/oligopoly">Oligopoly </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/online-platforms">Online Platforms</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="p"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">p</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/parallel-imports-parallel-trade-en">Parallel imports (parallel trade)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/passing-on-en">Passing-on</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Passive-sales">Passive sales </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/patents">Patents</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/pay-for-delay">Pay-for-delay</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/periodic-penalty-payment">Periodic penalty payment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/potential-competition">Potential competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/predatory-pricing">Predatory pricing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/preliminary-rulings-art-267-tfue">Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-discrimination-en">Price discrimination </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-leadership">Price leadership</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-signaling">Price signalling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-fixing-agreement">Price-fixing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/prices-en">Prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equal-treatment">Principle of equal treatment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equivalence">Principle of equivalence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-proportionality">Principle of proportionality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privacy-and-data-protection">Privacy and data protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/private-enforcement">Private enforcement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privatization-en">Privatization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/procedural-autonomy">Procedural autonomy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/professional-association-86373-en">Professional association</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/public-procurement">Public procurement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Public-undertaking">Public undertaking</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="r"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">r</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/r-d-agreement">R&D agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/case-referral-system-mergers">Referral (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/refusal-to-deal">Refusal to deal</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/the-registry-of-the-general-court-of-the-european-union">Registry of the General Court of the European Union</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Relevant-market">Relevant market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/remedies-antitrust-en">Remedies (antitrust)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/request-for-information">Request for information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-below-cost-en">Resale below cost </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-price-maintenance-rpm">Resale price maintenance (RPM)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/restriction-on-exportation">Restriction on exportation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/rule-of-reason">Rule of reason</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="s"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">s</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/sunk-costs-117836"> Sunk Costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sector-inquiry">Sector inquiry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/selective-distribution">Selective distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/self-preference-111802">Self-Preference</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Services-of-general-economic">Services of general economic interest </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Single-branding">Single branding </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sole-control">Sole control</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/specialization-agreements">Specialization agreements </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Spill-over-effects">Spill-over effects </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/standard-essential-patent-sep">Standard-Essential Patent (SEP)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-action-defense">State action defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-compatibility">State aid (compatibility)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-existing-aid">State aid (existing aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-notification-en">State aid (notification)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid">State aid (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery">State aid (recovery) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-unlawful-aid">State aid (unlawful aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/State-measure">State measure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Statement-of-objections-SO">Statement of objections (SO) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Substitutability">Substitutability </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sustainability">Sustainability</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/switching-costs">Switching Costs</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="t"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">t</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/technology-transfer">Technology transfer</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/test-siec-merger-en">Test SIEC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-slc-src-sdc-tests">Test SLC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/tipping">Tipping</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/business-secrets">Trade Secrets</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trademark">Trademark</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trustee-mergers-en">Trustee (mergers)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/turnover-threshold-merger">Turnover threshold (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/two-sided-market">Two-sided market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="u"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">u</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/undertaking-notion">Undertaking (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/unfair-competition">Unfair competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/universal-service-118054">Universal Service</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/upstream-market">Upstream market </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="v"> <div 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srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> <div class="item "> <a 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style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> 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(min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732277529 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270976 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266622 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732268300 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277558 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277174 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277555 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272968 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274035 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/png"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1), (min-resolution: 1dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> <div class="item "> <a 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style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> 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srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> <div class="item "> <a 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style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> 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