CityUHK researchers reshape understanding of grain boundaries

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field--name-field-cityu-menu-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/academic">Explore this section</a></div> </div> <div class="cityu-menu-right col-lg-7"> <ul class="menu menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/academic/colleges-schools-and-departments" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/231"><span>Colleges, Schools and Departments</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/academic/associated-offices" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2761"><span>Academic Supporting Offices</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/academic/research-and-teaching-integration" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91606"><span>Integration of Research and Teaching</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/academic/planning" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/89351"><span>Academic Planning</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/academic/quality-assurance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2756"><span>Quality Assurance </span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/academic/regulations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/85961"><span>Academic Regulations</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/academic/catalogue" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/941"><span>Programme and Course Catalogue</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/26"><span>Research</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="cityu-menu-left col-lg-5"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cityu-menu-title field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item">Research</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cityu-menu-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Enhancing life through research.</p> </div> </div> <div class="cityu-menu-right col-lg-7"> <ul class="menu menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/research/overarching-research-themes" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/241"><span>Overarching Research Themes</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/research/centres" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91561"><span>Institutes, Centres and Laboratories</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/research/resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/251"><span>Research Support and Grants</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/research/innovation-enterprise" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/133156"><span> Innovation and Enterprise</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.hkias.cityu.edu.hk" class="menu-external-link" target="_blank"><span>Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study<i class="far fa-external-link"></i></span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/research/key-lectures" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88661"><span>Key Lectures</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/research/cityu-scholars" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/821"><span>CityU Scholars</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/research/stories" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/85041"><span>Latest Research</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/student-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/36"><span>Student Life</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="cityu-menu-left col-lg-5"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cityu-menu-title field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item">Student Life</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cityu-menu-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Building multicultural friendships.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-cityu-menu-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <a href="/student-life" target="_self"> <img src="/sites/g/files/asqsls3821/files/styles/crop_cityu_main_menu_image_314_170/public/2019-02/SL01-145.jpg?h=54051ff5&itok=V3vIjo3_" width="314" height="170" alt="girls" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-crop-cityu-main-menu-image-314-170" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-cityu-menu-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/student-life">Explore this section</a></div> </div> <div class="cityu-menu-right col-lg-7"> <ul class="menu menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-life/multi-dimensional-campus-experience" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/87576"><span>Multi-Dimensional Campus Experience</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-life/global-learning-experience" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2816"><span>Global Learning Experience</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-life/career" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/311"><span>Career Development and Employability </span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-life/caring" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2821"><span>Caring for You</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-life/facilities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/301"><span>Student Facilities</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/student-life/living" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/306"><span>Living at CityUHK</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/studentlife/" class="menu-external-link" target="_blank"><span>Student Life<i class="far fa-external-link"></i></span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/alumni" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1061"><span>Alumni</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-alumni menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-Alumni"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="cityu-menu-left col-lg-5"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cityu-menu-title field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item">Alumni</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cityu-menu-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Strengthening the bond between you and the University.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-cityu-menu-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <a href="/alumni" target="_self"> <img src="/sites/g/files/asqsls3821/files/styles/crop_cityu_main_menu_image_314_170/public/2019-02/SL01-114.jpg?h=d6539c56&itok=EQDsFeSw" width="314" height="170" alt="smile" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-crop-cityu-main-menu-image-314-170" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-cityu-menu-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/alumni">Explore this section</a></div> </div> <div class="cityu-menu-right col-lg-7"> <ul class="menu menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="http://www.cityu.edu.hk/aro/agc/" class="menu-external-link" target="_blank"><span>Alumni Giving<i class="far fa-external-link"></i></span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/aro/main/benefits/oncampus.htm" class="menu-external-link" target="_blank"><span>Alumni Benefits<i class="far fa-external-link"></i></span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/aro/daa/index.html#!/01" class="menu-external-link" target="_blank"><span>Distinguished Alumni Award<i class="far fa-external-link"></i></span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/giving" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/46"><span>Giving</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="cityu-menu-left col-lg-5"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cityu-menu-title field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item">Giving</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cityu-menu-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Make a difference with your generous gift.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-cityu-menu-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <a href="/giving" target="_self"> <img src="/sites/g/files/asqsls3821/files/styles/crop_cityu_main_menu_image_314_170/public/2023-12/Photo%202.jpg?h=6a2e7b2d&itok=NrFRJoZ4" width="314" height="170" alt="thumbnail_20231227" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-crop-cityu-main-menu-image-314-170" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-cityu-menu-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/giving">Explore this section</a></div> </div> <div class="cityu-menu-right col-lg-7"> <ul class="menu menu-level-1"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/giving/impact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/89341"><span>Impact of Giving</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/giving/what-to-support" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/321"><span>What to Support</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/giving/ways-of-support" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/326"><span>Ways of Giving</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> <ul class="menu menu-level-2"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/giving/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86696"><span>Contact Us</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-2 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/giving/recognition" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/331"><span>Recognition and Thanks for the Supporters</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/giving/express-donation-intent" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/471"><span>Express Donation Intent</span></a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentcityu-main-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-1 menu-type-default"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-cityu-header-menu-menu" id="block-cityu-header-menu" data-block-plugin-id="menu_block:cityu-header-menu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--cityu-header-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-cityu-header-menu-menu">Supp. Menu</h2> <ul data-region="primary_menu" class="clearfix nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/directories" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/89321"><span>Directories<i class=""></i></span></a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/directories/people" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/89326"><span>People<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about/administration" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1071"><span>University Administration<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/directories/index" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/336"><span>All Offices & Departments<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/directories/academic" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1066"><span>Academic Units<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/directories/admin" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2371"><span>Administrative & Supporting Units<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/directories/catering" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/636"><span>Catering Outlets<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/directories/social-media" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/346"><span>Social Media<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/directories/useful" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/106"><span>Useful Contacts<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/directories/contact" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/118631"><span>Contact Us<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/calendar" class="nav-link"><span>Calendar & Events<i class=""></i></span></a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/calendar/event" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/246"><span>Calendar & Events<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/calendar/academic" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1026"><span>Academic Calendars<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/visit" class="nav-link"><span>Visit CityUHK<i class=""></i></span></a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/visit/visit-cityu" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/366"><span>Visit CityUHK<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about/campus/getting-to-cityu" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/641"><span>Getting to CityUHK<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about/campus/map" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/161"><span>Campus Map<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/visit/way-finding-system-on-campus" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/106496"><span>Way-finding System on Campus<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://goo.gl/maps/U9m7rnz2hY22" class="nav-link"><span>View on Google Maps<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/tour/" class="nav-link"><span>Virtual Tour<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cdo/download/CampusDirectory.pdf" class="nav-link" target="_blank"><span>Printable Map<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/bg" target="_blank" class="nav-link"><span>Indra and Harry Banga Gallery<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/directories/catering" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/636"><span>Catering Outlets<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/student-life/living" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/306"><span>Students Accommodation<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/fmo/default.aspx?PageID=quarters" class="nav-link"><span>Visitors Accommodation<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.lodge.cityu.edu.hk/" class="nav-link"><span>CityU LODGE<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityualbum/" class="nav-link"><span>Photo Album<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/ciro/GiftShop/" title="CityUHK Gift Shop" class="nav-link"><span>CityUHK Gift Shop<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/media" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/89466"><span>News & Media<i class=""></i></span></a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/media/news" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93626"><span>NewsCentre<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/media/cityu-in-the-news" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83071"><span>CityUHK in the News<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/media/press-release" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83081"><span>Press Releases<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/media/press-invitation" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/83096"><span>Press Invitations<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/stories" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/31"><span>Meet Our People<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/media/publication" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/991"><span>University Publications<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-cityu-quick-links-menu" id="block-cityu-quick-links" data-block-plugin-id="menu_block:cityu-quick-links" class="block block-menu navigation menu--cityu-quick-links"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-cityu-quick-links-menu">Quick Links</h2> <ul class="clearfix nav"> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="" class="nav-link"><span>QUICK LINKS<i class=""></i></span></a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu30th/" class="nav-link"><span>CityUHK 30th Anniversary<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/ciro/Global-Collaborations/" title="Global Collaborations" class="nav-link"><span>Global Collaborations<i class=""></i></span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a 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block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodetitle" data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:title"> <div class="content"> <h1 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden detail-title">CityUHK researchers reshape understanding of grain boundaries</h1> </div> </div> <div class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodefield-cityu-news-author" data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:field_cityu_news_author"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cityu-news-author field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item">EVA CHOY</div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodefield-cityu-news-date" data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:field_cityu_news_date"> <div class="content"> <div class="field field--name-field-cityu-news-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2024-10-14T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">14 Oct 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tools-sharing block block-block-content block-block-contente090224b-bdec-4f43-9305-e71e362dd10c" data-quickedit-entity-id="block_content/1171" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:e090224b-bdec-4f43-9305-e71e362dd10c"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"> <p><span class="addthis_inline_share_toolbox"> </span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodebody" data-block-plugin-id="entity_field:node:body"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="cityu-image-layout container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"><figure role="group" class="caption caption-img"> <img alt="Research team at CityUHK: (from right) Qiu Caihao, Professor Han, and Wang Siqi (another author)" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="ef215113-11c6-42ac-964b-b728b6862b9b" src="/sites/g/files/asqsls3821/files/inline-images/241002-1_grain_0.jpg" width="1600" height="1065" loading="lazy"> <figcaption>Research team at CityUHK: (from right) Qiu Caihao, Professor Han, and Wang Siqi (another author)</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <p>Researchers from City University of Hong Kong (CityUHK), in collaboration with experts from local and overseas universities, have reshaped scientists’ fundamental understanding on the kinetic processes in crystalline materials, throwing lights on new approaches for materials processing and microstructure tailoring.</p> <p>Crystals are characterised by well-arranged atoms in a lattice structure. Grain boundaries are planar defects where crystals with different orientations meet. Most crystalline materials are polycrystals, aggregates of many polyhedral crystallite grains with different orientations. Hence, grain boundaries are common defects in materials, which profoundly influence the mechanical and physical properties of materials. Manipulating the population of grain boundaries emerges as a potent strategy for tailoring material properties.</p> <p>Traditionally, it is believed that the migration rate of a grain boundary is proportional to the driving force, with the proportionality coefficient, known as mobility, assumed to be constant. However, this research challenges that viewpoint by revealing that grain-boundary mobility is actually migration-direction-dependent, rather than a constant value.</p> <p>“Consequently, grain boundaries can migrate unidirectionally without a net driving force. Interestingly, such non-driven grain-boundary migration resembles the unidirectional rotation of a Brownian ratchet,” said <strong>Professor Han Jian</strong> of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), CityUHK.</p> <p>This research is published in the top-tier journal <em>Science</em>, titled “<a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp1516">Grain boundaries are Brownian ratchets</a>”.</p> <div class="cityu-image-layout container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 pull-right"><figure role="group" class="caption caption-img"> <img alt="Demonstration of ratchet-like behaviour of grain boundaries through atomistic simulations, theory, and experiment " data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="17ed55eb-dc0a-46b5-97bd-c5ca4f989baf" src="/sites/g/files/asqsls3821/files/inline-images/241002-2_grain.jpg" width="1353" height="1500" loading="lazy"> <figcaption>Demonstration of ratchet-like behaviour of grain boundaries through atomistic simulations, theory, and experiment (reproduced from the paper: C. Qiu et al. Science 385, 2024; DOI: 10.1126/science.adp1516)</figcaption> </figure> </div> <p>The research reveals that the mobility of most grain boundaries depends on the direction of grain-boundary migration. By conducting atomistic simulations on numerous grain boundaries under various conditions, the researchers have solidified the notion that grain-boundary mobility exhibits directionality as long as the two grains adjacent to the grain boundary are not symmetry-related, which is a common scenario.</p> <p>As a grain boundary moves faster in one direction than in the opposite direction, a driving force oscillating about zero can induce grain-boundary migration in one direction. The researchers explained this behaviour with the Brownian ratchet model.</p> </div> </div> <p>“Brownian ratchet is a device with a ratchet rotating unidirectionally as the paddle wheel undergoes rotation randomly in either direction due to the random kick of the atoms. Similarly, a grain boundary migrates unidirectionally when subjected to oscillatory driving forces or temperature,” said <strong>Qiu Caihao</strong>, a PhD student in MSE and first author of the paper.</p> <p>This research reshapes the current understanding of grain boundary kinetics held by most researchers and textbooks, and implies a novel approach to controlling the microstructural evolution of materials.</p> <p>The corresponding authors of this paper are Professor Han, <strong>Professor David Srolovitz</strong> of the University of Hong Kong, <strong>Professor Marco Salvalaglio</strong> of TU Dresden, and <strong>Professor Pan Xiaoqing</strong> of the University of California, Irvine.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="block-region-sidebar"><div class="back-button block block-block-content block-block-content7a3fbb9e-6e93-4da1-94cf-9b58b18d166d" 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