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spacetime</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: discrete spacetime"> <meta name="keywords" content="discrete spacetime"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="discrete spacetime"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 696</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: discrete spacetime</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Creation and Annihilation of Spacetime Elements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dnyanesh%20P.%20Mathur">Dnyanesh P. Mathur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gregory%20L.%20Slater"> Gregory L. Slater</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gravitation and the expansion of the universe at a large scale are generally regarded as two completely distinct phenomena. Yet, in general, relativity theory, they both manifest as 'curvature' of spacetime. We propose a hypothesis which treats these two 'curvature-producing' phenomena as aspects of an underlying process. This process treats spacetime itself as composed of discrete units (Plancktons) and is 'dynamic' in the sense that these elements of spacetime are continually being both created and annihilated. It is these two complementary processes of Planckton creation and Planckton annihilation which manifest themselves as - 'cosmic expansion' on the one hand and as 'gravitational attraction’ on the other. The Planckton hypothesis treats spacetime as a perfect fluid in the same manner as the co-moving frame of reference of Friedman equations and the Gullstrand-Painleve metric; i.e.Planckton hypothesis replaces 'curvature' of spacetime by the 'flow' of Plancktons (spacetime). Here we discuss how this perspective may allow a unified description of both cosmological and gravitational acceleration as well as providing a mechanism for inducing an irreducible action at every point associated with the creation and annihilation of Plancktons, which could be identified as the zero point energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20spacetime" title="discrete spacetime">discrete spacetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacetime%20flow" title=" spacetime flow"> spacetime flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20point%20energy" title=" zero point energy"> zero point energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planktons" title=" planktons"> planktons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156001/creation-and-annihilation-of-spacetime-elements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> The Grand Unified Theory of Bidirectional Spacetime with Spatial Covariance and Wave-Particle Duality in Spacetime Flow Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tory%20Erickson">Tory Erickson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The "Bidirectional Spacetime with Spatial Covariance and Wave-Particle Duality in Spacetime Flow" (BST-SCWPDF) Model introduces a framework aimed at unifying general relativity (GR) and quantum mechanics (QM). By proposing a concept of bidirectional spacetime, this model suggests that time can flow in more than one direction, thus offering a perspective on temporal dynamics. Integrated with spatial covariance and wave-particle duality in spacetime flow, the BST-SCWPDF Model resolves long-standing discrepancies between GR and QM. This unified theory has profound implications for quantum gravity, potentially offering insights into quantum entanglement, the collapse of the wave function, and the fabric of spacetime itself. The Bidirectional Spacetime with Spatial Covariance and Wave-Particle Duality in Spacetime Flow" (BST-SCWPDF) Model offers researchers a framework for a better understanding of theoretical physics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=astrophysics" title="astrophysics">astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20mechanics" title=" quantum mechanics"> quantum mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20relativity" title=" general relativity"> general relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unification%20theory" title=" unification theory"> unification theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20physics" title=" theoretical physics"> theoretical physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183765/the-grand-unified-theory-of-bidirectional-spacetime-with-spatial-covariance-and-wave-particle-duality-in-spacetime-flow-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> A Review on the Problems of Constructing a Theory of Quantum Gravity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amber%20Jamal">Amber Jamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Siddiqui"> Imran Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Tanveer%20Iqbal"> Syed Tanveer Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This review is aimed to shed some light on problems constructing a theory of spacetime and geometry in terms of all quantum degrees of freedom called ‘Quantum Gravity’. Such a theory, which is effective at all scales of distances and energies, describes the enigma of the beginning of the Universe, its possible end, and reducing to general relativity at large distances but in a semi-classical approximation. Furthermore, the theory of quantum gravity also describes the Universe as a whole and provides a description of most fundamental questions that have puzzled scientists for decades, such as: what is space, what is time, and what is the fundamental structure of the Universe, is the spacetime discrete, if it is, where does the continuum of spacetime come from at low energies and macroscopic scales and where does it emerge from its fundamentally discrete building blocks? Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is a framework which describes the microscopic properties and dynamics of the basic building blocks of any condensed matter system. In QFT, atoms are quanta of continuous fields. At smaller scales or higher energies, the continuum description of spacetime fails. Therefore, a new description is required in terms of microscopic constituents (atoms or molecules). The objective of this scientific endeavor is to discuss the above-mentioned problems rigorously and to discuss possible way-out of the problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QFT" title="QFT">QFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20degrees%20of%20freedom" title=" quantum degrees of freedom"> quantum degrees of freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20gravity" title=" quantum gravity"> quantum gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-classical%20approximation" title=" semi-classical approximation"> semi-classical approximation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130610/a-review-on-the-problems-of-constructing-a-theory-of-quantum-gravity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> Non-Singular Gravitational Collapse of a Dust Cloud in Einstein-Cartan Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Hadi%20Ziaie">Amir Hadi Ziaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Hashemi"> Mostafa Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahram%20Jalalzadeh"> Shahram Jalalzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is now known that the end state of the collapse process of a dense star under its own gravity is the formation of a spacetime singularity. This is the spacetime event where the energy density and spacetime curvature diverge, and the classical general relativity breaks down. As we know, a realistic star is composed of fermions so that their spin effects could alter the final fate of the collapse scenario. The underlying theory within which the inclusion of spin effects can be worked out is the Einstein-Cartan theory. In this theory, the spacetime torsion which is defined as a geometrical quantity, is related to an intrinsic angular momentum of fermions (spin). In this work, we study the collapse process of a homogeneous spin fluid in such a framework and show that taking into account the spin effects of the collapsing cloud could prevent the formation of spacetime singularity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20collapse" title="gravitational collapse">gravitational collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=einstein-cartan%20theory" title=" einstein-cartan theory"> einstein-cartan theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacetime%20singularity" title=" spacetime singularity"> spacetime singularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20hole%20physics" title=" black hole physics"> black hole physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50866/non-singular-gravitational-collapse-of-a-dust-cloud-in-einstein-cartan-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> Space Tourism Pricing Model Revolution from Time Independent Model to Time-Space Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Lin%20Peng">Kang Lin Peng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Space tourism emerged in 2001 and became famous in 2021, following the development of space technology. The space market is twisted because of the excess demand. Space tourism is currently rare and extremely expensive, with biased luxury product pricing, which is the seller’s market that consumers can not bargain with. Spaceship companies such as Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin, and Space X have been charged space tourism prices from 200 thousand to 55 million depending on various heights in space. There should be a reasonable price based on a fair basis. This study aims to derive a spacetime pricing model, which is different from the general pricing model on the earth’s surface. We apply general relativity theory to deduct the mathematical formula for the space tourism pricing model, which covers the traditional time-independent model. In the future, the price of space travel will be different from current flight travel when space travel is measured in lightyear units. The pricing of general commodities mainly considers the general equilibrium of supply and demand. The pricing model considers risks and returns with the dependent time variable as acceptable when commodities are on the earth’s surface, called flat spacetime. Current economic theories based on the independent time scale in the flat spacetime do not consider the curvature of spacetime. Current flight services flying the height of 6, 12, and 19 kilometers are charging with a pricing model that measures time coordinate independently. However, the emergence of space tourism is flying heights above 100 to 550 kilometers that have enlarged the spacetime curvature, which means tourists will escape from a zero curvature on the earth’s surface to the large curvature of space. Different spacetime spans should be considered in the pricing model of space travel to echo general relativity theory. Intuitively, this spacetime commodity needs to consider changing the spacetime curvature from the earth to space. We can assume the value of each spacetime curvature unit corresponding to the gradient change of each Ricci or energy-momentum tensor. Then we know how much to spend by integrating the spacetime from the earth to space. The concept is adding a price p component corresponding to the general relativity theory. The space travel pricing model degenerates into a time-independent model, which becomes a model of traditional commodity pricing. The contribution is that the deriving of the space tourism pricing model will be a breakthrough in philosophical and practical issues for space travel. The results of the space tourism pricing model extend the traditional time-independent flat spacetime mode. The pricing model embedded spacetime as the general relativity theory can better reflect the rationality and accuracy of space travel on the universal scale. The universal scale from independent-time scale to spacetime scale will bring a brand-new pricing concept for space traveling commodities. Fair and efficient spacetime economics will also bring to humans’ travel when we can travel in lightyear units in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20tourism" title="space tourism">space tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacetime%20pricing%20model" title=" spacetime pricing model"> spacetime pricing model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20relativity%20theory" title=" general relativity theory"> general relativity theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacetime%20curvature" title=" spacetime curvature"> spacetime curvature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141651/space-tourism-pricing-model-revolution-from-time-independent-model-to-time-space-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">691</span> Effect of the Tidal Charge Parameter on CMBR Temperature Anisotropies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evariste%20Boj">Evariste Boj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Schee"> Jan Schee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present the temperature anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation due to the inhomogeneity region constructed on a 3-brane in the framework of a Randall-Sundrum one brane immersed into a 5D bulk $AdS_5$ spacetime. We employ the Brane-World Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmological model to describe the cosmic expansion on the brane. The inhomogeneity is modeled by the static, spherically symmetric spacetime that replaces the spherically symmetric part of a dust-filled universe and is connected to the FLRW spacetime through the junction conditions. As the vacuum region expands it induces an additional frequency shift to a CMBR photon passing through this inhomogeneity in comparison to the case of a photon propagating through a pure FLRW spacetime. This frequency shift is associated with the effective temperature change of the CMBR in the corresponding direction. We give an estimate of the CMBR effective temperature changes with the change of the value of the tidal charge parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMBR" title="CMBR">CMBR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Randall-Sundrum%20model" title=" Randall-Sundrum model"> Randall-Sundrum model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rees-Sciama%20effect" title=" Rees-Sciama effect"> Rees-Sciama effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Braneworld" title=" Braneworld"> Braneworld</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140418/effect-of-the-tidal-charge-parameter-on-cmbr-temperature-anisotropies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">690</span> Classifying Time Independent Plane Symmetric Spacetime through Noether`s Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazish%20Iftikhar">Nazish Iftikhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20Jhangeer"> Adil Jhangeer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayyaba%20Naz"> Tayyaba Naz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The universe is expanding at an accelerated rate. Symmetries are useful in understanding universe’s behavior. Emmy Noether reported the relation between symmetries and conservation laws. These symmetries are known as Noether symmetries which correspond to a conserved quantity. In differential equations, conservation laws play an important role. Noether symmetries are helpful in modified theories of gravity. Time independent plane symmetric spacetime was classified by Noether`s theorem. By using Noether`s theorem, set of linear partial differential equations was obtained having A(r), B(r) and F(r) as unknown radial functions. The Lagrangian corresponding to considered spacetime in the Noether equation was used to get Noether operators. Different possibilities of radial functions were considered. Firstly, all functions were same. All the functions were considered as non-zero constant, linear, reciprocal and exponential respectively. Secondly, two functions were proportional to each other keeping third function different. Second case has four subcases in which four different relationships between A(r), B(r) and F(r) were discussed. In all cases, we obtained nontrivial Noether operators including gauge term. Conserved quantities for each Noether operators were also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noether%20gauge%20symmetries" title="Noether gauge symmetries">Noether gauge symmetries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20function" title=" radial function"> radial function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noether%20operator" title=" Noether operator"> Noether operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conserved%20quantities" title=" conserved quantities"> conserved quantities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71907/classifying-time-independent-plane-symmetric-spacetime-through-noethers-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">689</span> Discontinuous Spacetime with Vacuum Holes as Explanation for Gravitation, Quantum Mechanics and Teleportation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constantin%20Z.%20Leshan">Constantin Z. Leshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hole Vacuum theory is based on discontinuous spacetime that contains vacuum holes. Vacuum holes can explain gravitation, some laws of quantum mechanics and allow teleportation of matter. All massive bodies emit a flux of holes which curve the spacetime; if we increase the concentration of holes, it leads to length contraction and time dilation because the holes do not have the properties of extension and duration. In the limited case when space consists of holes only, the distance between every two points is equal to zero and time stops - outside of the Universe, the extension and duration properties do not exist. For this reason, the vacuum hole is the only particle in physics capable of describing gravitation using its own properties only. All microscopic particles must 'jump' continually and 'vibrate' due to the appearance of holes (impassable microscopic 'walls' in space), and it is the cause of the quantum behavior. Vacuum holes can explain the entanglement, non-locality, wave properties of matter, tunneling, uncertainty principle and so on. Particles do not have trajectories because spacetime is discontinuous and has impassable microscopic 'walls' due to the simple mechanical motion is impossible at small scale distances; it is impossible to 'trace' a straight line in the discontinuous spacetime because it contains the impassable holes. Spacetime 'boils' continually due to the appearance of the vacuum holes. For teleportation to be possible, we must send a body outside of the Universe by enveloping it with a closed surface consisting of vacuum holes. Since a material body cannot exist outside of the Universe, it reappears instantaneously in a random point of the Universe. Since a body disappears in one volume and reappears in another random volume without traversing the physical space between them, such a transportation method can be called teleportation (or Hole Teleportation). It is shown that Hole Teleportation does not violate causality and special relativity due to its random nature and other properties. Although Hole Teleportation has a random nature, it can be used for colonization of extrasolar planets by the help of the method called 'random jumps': after a large number of random teleportation jumps, there is a probability that the spaceship may appear near a habitable planet. We can create vacuum holes experimentally using the method proposed by Descartes: we must remove a body from the vessel without permitting another body to occupy this volume. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border%20of%20the%20Universe" title="border of the Universe">border of the Universe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality%20violation" title=" causality violation"> causality violation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perfect%20isolation" title=" perfect isolation"> perfect isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20jumps" title=" quantum jumps"> quantum jumps</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55259/discontinuous-spacetime-with-vacuum-holes-as-explanation-for-gravitation-quantum-mechanics-and-teleportation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">688</span> Analyzing Boson Star as a Candidate for Dark Galaxy Using ADM Formulation of General Relativity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aria%20Ratmandanu">Aria Ratmandanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Boson stars can be viewed as zero temperature ground state, Bose-Einstein condensates, characterized by enormous occupation numbers. Time-dependent spherically symmetric spacetime can be a model of Boson Star. We use (3+1) split of Einstein equation (ADM formulation of general relativity) to solve Einstein field equation coupled to a complex scalar field (Einstein-Klein-Gordon Equation) on time-dependent spherically symmetric spacetime, We get the result that Boson stars are pulsating stars with the frequency of oscillation equal to its density. We search for interior solution of Boson stars and get the T.O.V. (Tollman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff) equation for Boson stars. Using T.O.V. equation, we get the equation of state and the relation between pressure and density, its total mass and along with its gravitational Mass. We found that the hypothetical particle Axion could form a Boson star with the size of a milky way galaxy and make it a candidate for a dark galaxy, (a galaxy that consists almost entirely of dark matter). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axion" title="axion">axion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boson%20star" title=" boson star"> boson star</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20galaxy" title=" dark galaxy"> dark galaxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-dependent%20spherically%20symmetric%20spacetime" title=" time-dependent spherically symmetric spacetime"> time-dependent spherically symmetric spacetime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70005/analyzing-boson-star-as-a-candidate-for-dark-galaxy-using-adm-formulation-of-general-relativity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">687</span> Optimization of Fourth Order Discrete-Approximation Inclusions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elimhan%20N.%20Mahmudov">Elimhan N. Mahmudov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper concerns the necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality for Cauchy problem of fourth order discrete (PD) and discrete-approximate (PDA) inclusions. The main problem is formulation of the fourth order adjoint discrete and discrete-approximate inclusions and transversality conditions, which are peculiar to problems including fourth order derivatives and approximate derivatives. Thus the necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality are obtained incorporating the Euler-Lagrange and Hamiltonian forms of inclusions. Derivation of optimality conditions are based on the apparatus of locally adjoint mapping (LAM). Moreover in the application of these results we consider the fourth order linear discrete and discrete-approximate inclusions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference" title="difference">difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth" title=" fourth"> fourth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximation" title=" approximation"> approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transversality" title=" transversality"> transversality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25199/optimization-of-fourth-order-discrete-approximation-inclusions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">686</span> Modifying Hawking Radiation in 2D-Approximated Schwarzschild Black Holes near the Event Horizon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Pincak">Richard Pincak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starting from a 4D spacetime model using a partially negative dimensional product manifold (PNDP-manifold), which emerges as a 2D spacetime, we developed an analysis of tidal forces and Hawking radiation near the event horizon of a Schwarzchild black hole. The modified 2D metric, incorporating the effects of the four-dimensional Weyl tensor, with the dilatonic field and the newly derived time relation $2\alpha t = \ln \epsilon$, can enable a deeper understanding of quantum gravity. The analysis shows how the modified Hawking temperature and distribution of emitted particles are affected by additional fields, providing potential observables for future experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20holes" title="black holes">black holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hawking%20radiation" title=" Hawking radiation"> Hawking radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weyl%20tensor" title=" Weyl tensor"> Weyl tensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20paradox" title=" information paradox"> information paradox</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191161/modifying-hawking-radiation-in-2d-approximated-schwarzschild-black-holes-near-the-event-horizon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">685</span> Role of Discrete Event Simulation in the Assessment and Selection of the Potential Reconfigurable Manufacturing Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsin%20Raza">Mohsin Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arne%20Bilberg"> Arne Bilberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Ditlev%20Brun%C3%B8"> Thomas Ditlev Brunø</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann-Louise%20Andersen"> Ann-Louise Andersen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filip%20SK%C3%A4rin"> Filip SKärin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shifting from a dedicated or flexible manufacturing system to a reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) requires a significant amount of time, money, and effort. Therefore, it is vital to verify beforehand that the potential reconfigurable solution will be able to achieve the organizational objectives. Discrete event simulation offers the opportunity of assessing several reconfigurable alternatives against the set objectives. This study signifies the importance of using discrete-event simulation as a tool to verify several reconfiguration options. Two different industrial cases have been presented in the study to elaborate on the role of discrete event simulation in the implementation methodology of RMSs. The study concluded that discrete event simulation is one of the important tools to consider in the RMS implementation methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20manufacturing%20system" title="reconfigurable manufacturing system">reconfigurable manufacturing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20event%20simulation" title=" discrete event simulation"> discrete event simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tecnomatix%20plant%20simulation" title=" Tecnomatix plant simulation"> Tecnomatix plant simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RMS" title=" RMS"> RMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150254/role-of-discrete-event-simulation-in-the-assessment-and-selection-of-the-potential-reconfigurable-manufacturing-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">684</span> Multidimensional Integral and Discrete Opial–Type Inequalities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maja%20Andri%C4%87">Maja Andrić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josip%20Pe%C4%8Dari%C4%87"> Josip Pečarić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last five decades, an enormous amount of work has been done on Opial’s integral inequality, dealing with new proofs, various generalizations, extensions and discrete analogs. The Opial inequality is recognized as a fundamental result in the analysis of qualitative properties of solution of differential equations. We use submultiplicative convex functions, appropriate representations of functions and inequalities involving means to obtain generalizations and extensions of certain known multidimensional integral and discrete Opial-type inequalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opial%27s%20inequality" title="Opial's inequality">Opial's inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jensen%27s%20inequality" title=" Jensen's inequality"> Jensen's inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20inequality" title=" integral inequality"> integral inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20inequality" title=" discrete inequality"> discrete inequality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41583/multidimensional-integral-and-discrete-opial-type-inequalities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">683</span> Numerical Modelling of Dry Stone Masonry Structures Based on Finite-Discrete Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%BD.%20Nikoli%C4%87">Ž. Nikolić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Smoljanovi%C4%87"> H. Smoljanović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20%C5%BDivalji%C4%87"> N. Živaljić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents numerical model based on finite-discrete element method for analysis of the structural response of dry stone masonry structures under static and dynamic loads. More precisely, each discrete stone block is discretized by finite elements. Material non-linearity including fracture and fragmentation of discrete elements as well as cyclic behavior during dynamic load are considered through contact elements which are implemented within a finite element mesh. The application of the model was conducted on several examples of these structures. The performed analysis shows high accuracy of the numerical results in comparison with the experimental ones and demonstrates the potential of the finite-discrete element method for modelling of the response of dry stone masonry structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20stone%20masonry%20structures" title="dry stone masonry structures">dry stone masonry structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20load" title=" dynamic load"> dynamic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-discrete%20element%20method" title=" finite-discrete element method"> finite-discrete element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20load" title=" static load"> static load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47740/numerical-modelling-of-dry-stone-masonry-structures-based-on-finite-discrete-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">682</span> Fundamental Solutions for Discrete Dynamical Systems Involving the Fractional Laplacian</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Gonzalez%20Camus">Jorge Gonzalez Camus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentin%20Keyantuo"> Valentin Keyantuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahamadi%20Warma"> Mahamadi Warma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we obtain representation results for solutions of a time-fractional differential equation involving the discrete fractional Laplace operator in terms of generalized Wright functions. Such equations arise in the modeling of many physical systems, for example, chain processes in chemistry and radioactivity. The focus is on the linear problem of the simplified Moore - Gibson - Thompson equation, where the discrete fractional Laplacian and the Caputo fractional derivate of order on (0,2] are involved. As a particular case, we obtain the explicit solution for the discrete heat equation and discrete wave equation. Furthermore, we show the explicit solution for the equation involving the perturbed Laplacian by the identity operator. The main tool for obtaining the explicit solution are the Laplace and discrete Fourier transforms, and Stirling's formula. The methodology mainly is to apply both transforms in the equation, to find the inverse of each transform, and to prove that this solution is well defined, using Stirling´s formula. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20fractional%20Laplacian" title="discrete fractional Laplacian">discrete fractional Laplacian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explicit%20representation%20of%20solutions" title=" explicit representation of solutions"> explicit representation of solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20heat%20and%20wave%20equations" title=" fractional heat and wave equations"> fractional heat and wave equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental" title=" fundamental"> fundamental</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99922/fundamental-solutions-for-discrete-dynamical-systems-involving-the-fractional-laplacian" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">681</span> A Hybrid Watermarking Scheme Using Discrete and Discrete Stationary Wavelet Transformation For Color Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C3%BClent%20Kantar">Bülent Kantar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Numan%20%C3%9Cnald%C4%B1"> Numan Ünaldı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new method which includes robust and invisible digital watermarking on images that is colored. Colored images are used as watermark. Frequency region is used for digital watermarking. Discrete wavelet transform and discrete stationary wavelet transform are used for frequency region transformation. Low, medium and high frequency coefficients are obtained by applying the two-level discrete wavelet transform to the original image. Low frequency coefficients are obtained by applying one level discrete stationary wavelet transform separately to all frequency coefficient of the two-level discrete wavelet transformation of the original image. For every low frequency coefficient obtained from one level discrete stationary wavelet transformation, watermarks are added. Watermarks are added to all frequency coefficients of two-level discrete wavelet transform. Totally, four watermarks are added to original image. In order to get back the watermark, the original and watermarked images are applied with two-level discrete wavelet transform and one level discrete stationary wavelet transform. The watermark is obtained from difference of the discrete stationary wavelet transform of the low frequency coefficients. A total of four watermarks are obtained from all frequency of two-level discrete wavelet transform. Obtained watermark results are compared with real watermark results, and a similarity result is obtained. A watermark is obtained from the highest similarity values. Proposed methods of watermarking are tested against attacks of the geometric and image processing. The results show that proposed watermarking method is robust and invisible. All features of frequencies of two level discrete wavelet transform watermarking are combined to get back the watermark from the watermarked image. Watermarks have been added to the image by converting the binary image. These operations provide us with better results in getting back the watermark from watermarked image by attacking of the geometric and image processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title="watermarking">watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DWT" title=" DWT"> DWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSWT" title=" DSWT"> DSWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copy%20right%20protection" title=" copy right protection"> copy right protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RGB" title=" RGB "> RGB </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16927/a-hybrid-watermarking-scheme-using-discrete-and-discrete-stationary-wavelet-transformation-for-color-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">536</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">680</span> Superconvergence of the Iterated Discrete Legendre Galerkin Method for Fredholm-Hammerstein Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payel%20Das">Payel Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gnaneshwar%20Nelakanti"> Gnaneshwar Nelakanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we analyse the iterated discrete Legendre Galerkin method for Fredholm-Hammerstein integral equations with smooth kernel. Using sufficiently accurate numerical quadrature rule, we obtain superconvergence rates for the iterated discrete Legendre Galerkin solutions in both infinity and $L^2$-norm. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hammerstein%20integral%20equations" title="hammerstein integral equations">hammerstein integral equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20method" title=" spectral method"> spectral method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20galerkin" title=" discrete galerkin"> discrete galerkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%0D%0Aquadrature" title=" numerical quadrature"> numerical quadrature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconvergence" title=" superconvergence"> superconvergence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22260/superconvergence-of-the-iterated-discrete-legendre-galerkin-method-for-fredholm-hammerstein-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">679</span> A Look at the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules from the Discrete Morse Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dairo%20Jose%20Hernandez%20Paez">Dairo Jose Hernandez Paez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) allows us to obtain topological information on electronic density in quantum mechanical systems. The QTAIM starts by considering the electron density as a continuous mathematical object. On the other hand, the discretization of electron density is also a mathematical object, which, from discrete mathematics, would allow a new approach to its topological study. From this point of view, it is necessary to develop a series of steps that provide the theoretical support that guarantees its application. Some of the steps that we consider most important are mentioned below: (1) obtain good representations of the electron density through computational calculations, (2) design a methodology for the discretization of electron density, and construct the simplicial complex. (3) Make an analysis of the discrete vector field associating the simplicial complex. (4) Finally, in this research, we propose to use the discrete Morse theory as a mathematical tool to carry out studies of electron density topology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20mathematics" title="discrete mathematics">discrete mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Discrete%20Morse%20theory" title=" Discrete Morse theory"> Discrete Morse theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20density" title=" electronic density"> electronic density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20calculations" title=" computational calculations"> computational calculations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163354/a-look-at-the-quantum-theory-of-atoms-in-molecules-from-the-discrete-morse-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">678</span> Discrete Tracking Control of Nonholonomic Mobile Robots: Backstepping Design Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20S.%20Andreev">Alexander S. Andreev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20A.%20Peregudova"> Olga A. Peregudova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a discrete tracking control of nonholonomic mobile robots with two degrees of freedom. The electro-mechanical model of a mobile robot moving on a horizontal surface without slipping, with two rear wheels controlled by two independent DC electric, and one front roal wheel is considered. We present back-stepping design based on the Euler approximate discrete-time model of a continuous-time plant. Theoretical considerations are verified by numerical simulation. The work was supported by RFFI (15-01-08482). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actuator%20dynamics" title="actuator dynamics">actuator dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20stepping" title=" back stepping"> back stepping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20controller" title=" discrete-time controller"> discrete-time controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov%20function" title=" Lyapunov function"> Lyapunov function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheeled%20mobile%20robot" title=" wheeled mobile robot "> wheeled mobile robot </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15632/discrete-tracking-control-of-nonholonomic-mobile-robots-backstepping-design-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">677</span> Analytical Solution of Non–Autonomous Discrete Non-Linear Schrodinger Equation With Saturable Non-Linearity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mishu%20Gupta">Mishu Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rama%20Gupta"> Rama Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has been elucidated here that non- autonomous discrete non-linear Schrödinger equation is associated with saturable non-linearity through photo-refractive media. We have investigated the localized solution of non-autonomous saturable discrete non-linear Schrödinger equations. The similarity transformation has been involved in converting non-autonomous saturable discrete non-linear Schrödinger equation to constant-coefficient saturable discrete non-linear Schrödinger equation (SDNLSE), whose exact solution is already known. By back substitution, the solution of the non-autonomous version has been obtained. We have analysed our solution for the hyperbolic and periodic form of gain/loss term, and interesting results have been obtained. The most important characteristic role is that it helps us to analyse the propagation of electromagnetic waves in glass fibres and other optical wave mediums. Also, the usage of SDNLSE has been seen in tight binding for Bose-Einstein condensates in optical mediums. Even the solutions are interrelated, and its properties are prominently used in various physical aspects like optical waveguides, Bose-Einstein (B-E) condensates in optical mediums, Non-linear optics in photonic crystals, and non-linear kerr–type non-linearity effect and photo refracting medium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B-E-Bose-Einstein" title="B-E-Bose-Einstein">B-E-Bose-Einstein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNLSE-Discrete%20non%20linear%20schrodinger%20equation" title=" DNLSE-Discrete non linear schrodinger equation"> DNLSE-Discrete non linear schrodinger equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLSE-non%20linear%20schrodinger%20equation" title=" NLSE-non linear schrodinger equation"> NLSE-non linear schrodinger equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDNLSE%20-%20saturable%20discrete%20non%20linear%20Schrodinger%20equation" title=" SDNLSE - saturable discrete non linear Schrodinger equation"> SDNLSE - saturable discrete non linear Schrodinger equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121074/analytical-solution-of-non-autonomous-discrete-non-linear-schrodinger-equation-with-saturable-non-linearity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">676</span> Non-Singular Gravitational Collapse of a Homogeneous Scalar Field in Deformed Phase Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Hadi%20Ziaie">Amir Hadi Ziaie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, we revisit the collapse process of a spherically symmetric homogeneous scalar field (in FRW background) minimally coupled to gravity, when the phase-space deformations are taken into account. Such a deformation is mathematically introduced as a particular type of noncommutativity between the canonical momenta of the scale factor and of the scalar field. In the absence of such deformation, the collapse culminates in a spacetime singularity. However, when the phase-space is deformed, we find that the singularity is removed by a non-singular bounce, beyond which the collapsing cloud re-expands to infinity. More precisely, for negative values of the deformation parameter, we identify the appearance of a negative pressure, which decelerates the collapse to finally avoid the singularity formation. While in the un-deformed case, the horizon curve monotonically decreases to finally cover the singularity, in the deformed case the horizon has a minimum value that this value depends on deformation parameter and initial configuration of the collapse. Such a setting predicts a threshold mass for black hole formation in stellar collapse and manifests the role of non-commutative geometry in physics and especially in stellar collapse and supernova explosion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20collapse" title="gravitational collapse">gravitational collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-commutative%20geometry" title=" non-commutative geometry"> non-commutative geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacetime%20singularity" title=" spacetime singularity"> spacetime singularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20hole%20physics" title=" black hole physics"> black hole physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52267/non-singular-gravitational-collapse-of-a-homogeneous-scalar-field-in-deformed-phase-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">675</span> A Particle Filter-Based Data Assimilation Method for Discrete Event Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhi%20Zhu">Zhi Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boquan%20Zhang"> Boquan Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tian%20Jing"> Tian Jing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingjing%20Li"> Jingjing Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Wang"> Tao Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data assimilation is a model and data hybrid-driven method that dynamically fuses new observation data with a numerical model to iteratively approach the real system state. It is widely used in state prediction and parameter inference of continuous systems. Because of the discrete event system’s non-linearity and non-Gaussianity, traditional Kalman Filter based on linear and Gaussian assumptions cannot perform data assimilation for such systems, so particle filter has gradually become a technical approach for discrete event simulation data assimilation. Hence, we proposed a particle filter-based discrete event simulation data assimilation method and took the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) maintenance service system as a proof of concept to conduct simulation experiments. The experimental results showed that the filtered state data is closer to the real state of the system, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. This research can provide a reference framework for the data assimilation process of other complex nonlinear systems, such as discrete-time and agent simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20event%20simulation" title="discrete event simulation">discrete event simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20assimilation" title=" data assimilation"> data assimilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20filter" title=" particle filter"> particle filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20and%20data-driven" title=" model and data-driven"> model and data-driven</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192559/a-particle-filter-based-data-assimilation-method-for-discrete-event-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">17</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">674</span> Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Blast Pressure on Discrete Model in Shock Tube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldin%20Justin%20Sundararaj">Aldin Justin Sundararaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Austin%20Lord%20Tennyson"> Austin Lord Tennyson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divya%20Jose"> Divya Jose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Subash"> A. N. Subash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blast waves are generated due to the explosions of high energy materials. An explosion yielding a blast wave has the potential to cause severe damage to buildings and its personnel. In order to understand the physics of effects of blast pressure on buildings, studies in the shock tube on generic configurations are carried out at various pressures on discrete models. The strength of shock wave is systematically varied by using different driver gases and diaphragm thickness. The basic material of the diaphragm is Aluminum. To simulate the effect of shock waves on discrete models a shock tube was used. Generic models selected for this study are suitably scaled cylinder, cone and cubical blocks. The experiments were carried out with 2mm diaphragm with burst pressure ranging from 28 to 31 bar. Numerical analysis was carried out over these discrete models. A 3D model of shock-tube with different discrete models inside the tube was used for CFD computation. It was found that cone has dissipated most of the shock pressure compared to cylinder and cubical block. The robustness and the accuracy of the numerical model were validation with the analytical and experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20wave" title="shock wave">shock wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20wave" title=" blast wave"> blast wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20models" title=" discrete models"> discrete models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20tube" title=" shock tube"> shock tube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58116/numerical-investigation-of-the-effect-of-blast-pressure-on-discrete-model-in-shock-tube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">673</span> A Generalization of Option Pricing with Discrete Dividends to Markets with Daily Price Limits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiahau%20Guo">Jiahau Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yihe%20Zhang"> Yihe Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes solutions for pricing options on stocks paying discrete dividends in markets with daily price limits. We first extend the intraday density function of Guo and Chang (2020) to a multi-day one and use the framework of Haug et al. (2003) to value European options on stocks paying discrete dividends. Next, we adopt the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to derive accurate and efficient formulae for American options and further employ the three-point Richardson extrapolation to accelerate the computation. Finally, the accuracy of our proposed methods is verified by simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daily%20price%20limit" title="daily price limit">daily price limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20dividend" title=" discrete dividend"> discrete dividend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20exercise" title=" early exercise"> early exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20Fourier%20transform" title=" fast Fourier transform"> fast Fourier transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-day%20density%20function" title=" multi-day density function"> multi-day density function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richardson%20extrapolation" title=" Richardson extrapolation"> Richardson extrapolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129710/a-generalization-of-option-pricing-with-discrete-dividends-to-markets-with-daily-price-limits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">672</span> Discrete Sliding Modes Regulator with Exponential Holder for Non-Linear Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Obregon-Pulido">G. Obregon-Pulido </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20C.%20Solis-Perales"> G. C. Solis-Perales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Meda-Campa%C3%B1a"> J. A. Meda-Campaña</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a sliding mode controller in discrete time. The design of the controller is based on the theory of regulation for nonlinear systems. In the problem of disturbance rejection and/or output tracking, it is known that in discrete time, a controller that uses the zero-order holder only guarantees tracking at the sampling instances but not between instances. It is shown that using the so-called exponential holder, it is possible to guarantee asymptotic zero output tracking error, also between the sampling instant. For stabilizing the problem of close loop system we introduce the sliding mode approach relaxing the requirements of the existence of a linear stabilizing control law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation%20theory" title="regulation theory">regulation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20modes" title=" sliding modes"> sliding modes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20controller" title=" discrete controller"> discrete controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ripple-free%20tracking" title=" ripple-free tracking"> ripple-free tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178771/discrete-sliding-modes-regulator-with-exponential-holder-for-non-linear-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">671</span> Number of Parametrization of Discrete-Time Systems without Unit-Delay Element: Single-Input Single-Output Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuyoshi%20Mori">Kazuyoshi Mori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we consider the parametrization of the discrete-time systems without the unit-delay element within the framework of the factorization approach. In the parametrization, we investigate the number of required parameters. We consider single-input single-output systems in this paper. By the investigation, we find, on the discrete-time systems without the unit-delay element, three cases that are (1) there exist plants which require only one parameter and (2) two parameters, and (3) the number of parameters is at most three. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factorization%20approach" title="factorization approach">factorization approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20system" title=" discrete-time system"> discrete-time system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameterization%20of%20stabilizing%20controllers" title=" parameterization of stabilizing controllers"> parameterization of stabilizing controllers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20without%20unit-delay" title=" system without unit-delay"> system without unit-delay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74319/number-of-parametrization-of-discrete-time-systems-without-unit-delay-element-single-input-single-output-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">670</span> Discrete-Time Bulk Queue with Service Capacity Depending on Previous Service Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yutae%20Lee">Yutae Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers a discrete-time bulk-arrival bulkservice queueing system, where service capacity varies depending on the previous service time. By using the generating function technique and the supplementary variable method, we compute the distributions of the queue length at an arbitrary slot boundary and a departure time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20queue" title="discrete-time queue">discrete-time queue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20queue" title=" bulk queue"> bulk queue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20service%20capacity" title=" variable service capacity"> variable service capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queue%20length%20distribution" title=" queue length distribution"> queue length distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4113/discrete-time-bulk-queue-with-service-capacity-depending-on-previous-service-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">669</span> 2.5D Face Recognition Using Gabor Discrete Cosine Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Cheraghian">Ali Cheraghian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farshid%20Hajati"> Farshid Hajati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheila%20Gheisari"> Soheila Gheisari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongsheng%20Gao"> Yongsheng Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a novel 2.5D face recognition method based on Gabor Discrete Cosine Transform (GDCT). In the proposed method, the Gabor filter is applied to extract feature vectors from the texture and the depth information. Then, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used for dimensionality and redundancy reduction to improve computational efficiency. The system is combined texture and depth information in the decision level, which presents higher performance compared to methods, which use texture and depth information, separately. The proposed algorithm is examined on publically available Bosphorus database including models with pose variation. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher performance compared to the benchmark. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabor%20filter" title="Gabor filter">Gabor filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20cosine%20transform" title=" discrete cosine transform"> discrete cosine transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2.5d%20face%20recognition" title=" 2.5d face recognition"> 2.5d face recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pose" title=" pose"> pose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37341/25d-face-recognition-using-gabor-discrete-cosine-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">668</span> Use of Six-sigma Concept in Discrete Manufacturing Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ignatio%20Madanhire">Ignatio Madanhire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Mbohwa"> Charles Mbohwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Efficiency in manufacturing is critical in raising the value of exports so as to gainfully trade on the regional and international markets. There seems to be increasing popularity of continuous improvement strategies availed to manufacturing entities, but this research study established that there has not been a similar popularity accorded to the Six Sigma methodology. Thus this work was conducted to investigate the applicability, effectiveness, usefulness, application and suitability of the Six Sigma methodology as a competitiveness option for discrete manufacturing entity. Development of Six-sigma center in the country with continuous improvement information would go a long way in benefiting the entire industry <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20manufacturing" title="discrete manufacturing">discrete manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=six-sigma" title=" six-sigma"> six-sigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20improvement" title=" continuous improvement"> continuous improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitiveness" title=" competitiveness"> competitiveness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13351/use-of-six-sigma-concept-in-discrete-manufacturing-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">667</span> Stability of Hybrid Stochastic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manlika%20Ratchagit">Manlika Ratchagit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is concerned with robust mean square stability of uncertain stochastic switched discrete time-delay systems. The system to be considered is subject to interval time-varying delays, which allows the delay to be a fast time-varying function and the lower bound is not restricted to zero. Based on the discrete Lyapunov functional, a switching rule for the robust mean square stability for the uncertain stochastic discrete time-delay system is designed via linear matrix inequalities. Finally, some examples are exploited to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20mean%20square%20stability" title="robust mean square stability">robust mean square stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20stochastic%20systems" title=" discrete-time stochastic systems"> discrete-time stochastic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20systems" title=" hybrid systems"> hybrid systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interval%20time-varying%20delays" title=" interval time-varying delays"> interval time-varying delays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov%20functional" title=" Lyapunov functional"> Lyapunov functional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20matrix%20inequalities" title=" linear matrix inequalities"> linear matrix inequalities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20283/stability-of-hybrid-stochastic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20spacetime&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20spacetime&page=3">3</a></li> 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