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class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Attic floor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attic_floor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_architect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_architect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>The architect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_architect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Great_Elephant_Migration_-_A_Coexistence_Story" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Great_Elephant_Migration_-_A_Coexistence_Story"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The Great Elephant Migration - A Coexistence Story</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Elephant_Migration_-_A_Coexistence_Story-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Breakers" title="The Breakers – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="The Breakers" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Breakers" title="The Breakers – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="The Breakers" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Breakers" title="The Breakers – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="The Breakers" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Breakers" title="The Breakers – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="The Breakers" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Breakers" title="The Breakers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The Breakers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA_(%E9%82%B8%E5%AE%85)" title="ブレーカーズ (邸宅) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブレーカーズ (邸宅)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Breakers" title="The Breakers – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="The Breakers" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Breakers" title="The Breakers – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Breakers" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Breakers" title="The Breakers – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="The Breakers" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="คฤหาสน์เบรกเกอส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คฤหาสน์เบรกเกอส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%BD%E6%BF%A4%E5%B1%B1%E8%8E%8A" title="聽濤山莊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聽濤山莊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1786400#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=The_Breakers&params=41_28_11_N_71_17_55_W_type:landmark_region:US"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°28′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°17′55″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.46972°N 71.29861°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.46972; -71.29861</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Vanderbilt mansion in Newport, Rhode Island, US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Breakers_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Breakers (disambiguation)">Breakers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Breaker_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Breaker (disambiguation)">Breaker</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States historic place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">The Breakers</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; color: #202122; background: #87CEEB"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5; color: #202122;background: #CCFFCC"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark District</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Contributing_Property" class="mw-redirect" title="Contributing Property">Contributing Property</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Breakers_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Breakers_01.jpg/250px-Breakers_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Breakers_01.jpg/375px-Breakers_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Breakers_01.jpg/500px-Breakers_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="806" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-lat="41.469722222222" data-lon="-71.298611111111" data-overlays="["_c9e4dcbdf7e9f8c6c34253f31413dcd9d7e10747"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/11/41.469722222222/-71.298611111111/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,41.469722222222,-71.298611111111,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=The_Breakers&revid=1255782823&groups=_c9e4dcbdf7e9f8c6c34253f31413dcd9d7e10747" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,41.469722222222,-71.298611111111,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=The_Breakers&revid=1255782823&groups=_c9e4dcbdf7e9f8c6c34253f31413dcd9d7e10747 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Interactive map showing The Breakers' location</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">44 Ochre Point Avenue, <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=The_Breakers&params=41_28_11_N_71_17_55_W_type:landmark_region:US"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°28′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°17′55″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.46972°N 71.29861°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.46972; -71.29861</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Built</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">1895</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Morris_Hunt" title="Richard Morris Hunt">Richard Morris Hunt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance Revival Architecture">Neo Italian Renaissance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Bellevue_Avenue_Historic_District" title="Bellevue Avenue Historic District">Bellevue Avenue Historic District</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/72000023">ID72000023</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/71000019">71000019</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background: #A8EDEF">Significant dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">September 10, 1971<sup id="cite_ref-nris_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated NHL</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">October 12, 1994<sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated NHLDCP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">December 8, 1972</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The Breakers</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a> mansion located at 44 Ochre Point Avenue, <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>, US. It was built between 1893 and 1895 as a summer residence for <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt_II" title="Cornelius Vanderbilt II">Cornelius Vanderbilt II</a>, a member of the wealthy <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_family" title="Vanderbilt family">Vanderbilt family</a>. </p><p>The 70-room mansion, with a gross area of 138,300 square feet (12,850 m<sup>2</sup>) and 62,482 square feet (5,804.8 m<sup>2</sup>) of living area on five floors, was designed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Morris_Hunt" title="Richard Morris Hunt">Richard Morris Hunt</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Renaissance Revival style</a>; the interior decor was by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Allard_and_Sons" title="Jules Allard and Sons">Jules Allard and Sons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ogden_Codman_Jr." title="Ogden Codman Jr.">Ogden Codman Jr.</a> </p><p>The Ochre Point Avenue entrance is marked by baroque forged wrought iron gates, and the 30-foot-high (9.1 m) walkway gates are part of a 12-foot-high (3.7 m) limestone-and-iron fence that borders the property on all but the ocean side. The footprint of the house covers approximately 1 acre (4,000 m<sup>2</sup>) or 43,000 square feet of the 14 acres (5.7 ha) estate on the <a href="/wiki/Newport_Cliff_Walk" title="Newport Cliff Walk">cliffs overlooking</a> Easton Bay of the Atlantic Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The house was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 1971, and was designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1994. It is also a contributing property to the <a href="/wiki/Bellevue_Avenue_Historic_District" title="Bellevue Avenue Historic District">Bellevue Avenue Historic District</a>. The property is owned and operated by the <a href="/wiki/Newport_Preservation_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Newport Preservation Society">Newport Preservation Society</a> as a museum and is open for visits all year. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers,_gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Breakers%2C_gate.jpg/220px-The_Breakers%2C_gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Breakers%2C_gate.jpg/330px-The_Breakers%2C_gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Breakers%2C_gate.jpg/440px-The_Breakers%2C_gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1842" /></a><figcaption>The gate at The Breakers</figcaption></figure> <p>Cornelius Vanderbilt II purchased the grounds in 1885 for $450,000 (equivalent to $15.3 million in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/The_Breakers_(1878)" title="The Breakers (1878)">previous mansion</a> on the property was owned by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lorillard_IV" title="Pierre Lorillard IV">Pierre Lorillard IV</a>; it burned on November 25, 1892, and Vanderbilt commissioned famed architect <a href="/wiki/Richard_Morris_Hunt" title="Richard Morris Hunt">Richard Morris Hunt</a> to rebuild it in splendor. Vanderbilt insisted that the building be made as fireproof as possible, resulting in a structure composed of masonry and steel trusses, with no wooden parts. He even required that the boiler be located away from the house in an underground space below the front lawn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderbilt1989185–187_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderbilt1989185–187-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The designers created an interior using marble imported from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, and rare woods and mosaics from countries around the world. It also included architectural elements purchased from chateaux in <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>, such as the library mantel. Expansion was finally finished in 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderbilt1989185–186_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderbilt1989185–186-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Original or rebuilt property (If the first, then this note is misplaced). Otherwise it implies the house only took a month to build! (October 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Breakers is the architectural and social archetype of the "<a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a>", a period when members of the Vanderbilt family were among the major industrialists of America.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the largest, most opulent house in the Newport area upon its completion in 1895. </p><p>Vanderbilt died from a <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebral hemorrhage">cerebral hemorrhage</a> caused by a stroke in 1899 at age 55, leaving The Breakers to his wife <a href="/wiki/Alice_Claypoole_Vanderbilt" title="Alice Claypoole Vanderbilt">Alice Gwynne Vanderbilt</a>. She outlived him by 35 years and died at the age of 89 in 1934. She left The Breakers to her youngest daughter <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Vanderbilt_Sz%C3%A9chenyi" title="Gladys Vanderbilt Széchenyi">Countess Gladys Széchenyi</a> (1886–1965), essentially because Gladys lacked American property; in addition, none of her other children were interested in the property, while Gladys had always loved the estate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1948, Gladys leased the high-maintenance property to The Preservation Society of Newport County for $1 per year. The Preservation Society bought The Breakers and approximately 90% of its furnishings in 1972 for $365,000 (equivalent to $2.66 million in 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from Countess Sylvia Szapary, Gladys's daughter, although the agreement granted her life tenancy. Upon her death in 1998, The Preservation Society agreed to allow the family to continue to live on the third floor, which is not open to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-Pres_Soc_files._ProJo_article_contains_factual_errors._8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pres_Soc_files._ProJo_article_contains_factual_errors.-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This occupancy ended in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it was the most-visited attraction in <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, with approximately 450,000 visitors annually.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers,_exterior_ii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Breakers%2C_exterior_ii.jpg/220px-The_Breakers%2C_exterior_ii.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Breakers%2C_exterior_ii.jpg/330px-The_Breakers%2C_exterior_ii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Breakers%2C_exterior_ii.jpg/440px-The_Breakers%2C_exterior_ii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2985" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>The building's exterior, framed by topiaries</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gardens">Gardens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pea-gravel driveway is lined with maturing pin oaks and red maples. The trees of The Breakers' grounds act as screens that increase the sense of distance between The Breakers and its Newport neighbors. Among the more unusual imported trees are two examples of the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Atlas_Cedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Atlas Cedar">Blue Atlas Cedar</a>, a native of North Africa. Clipped hedges of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Yew" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Yew">Japanese yew</a> and Pfitzer juniper line the tree-shaded footpaths that meander about the grounds. Informal plantings of <a href="/wiki/Thuja" title="Thuja">arbor vitae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taxus" title="Taxus">taxus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juniperus_chinensis" title="Juniperus chinensis">Chinese juniper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hemlock_woolly_adelgid" title="Hemlock woolly adelgid">dwarf hemlock</a> provide attractive foregrounds for the walls that enclose the formally landscaped terrace. </p><p>The grounds also contain several varieties of other rare trees, <a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica#Cultivation" title="Fagus sylvatica">copper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weeping_beech" title="Weeping beech">weeping beeches</a>. Today’s pattern for the south <a href="/wiki/Parterre" title="Parterre">parterre</a> garden was determined from old photographs and laid out in <a href="/wiki/Alyssum" title="Alyssum">pink and white alyssum</a> and blue <a href="/wiki/Ageratum" title="Ageratum">ageratum</a>. The wide borders paralleling the wrought iron fence are planted with <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">rhododendrons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalmia_latifolia" title="Kalmia latifolia">mountain laurel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dogwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogwood">dogwoods</a>, and many other flowering shrubs that effectively screen the grounds from street traffic and give visitors a feeling of seclusion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layout">Layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basement">Basement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Basement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Laundry</li> <li>Staff's restrooms</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_floor">First floor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First floor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Entrance foyer</b></li> <li><b>Gentlemen's reception room</b></li> <li><b>Ladies' reception room</b><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers_interior_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Breakers_interior_01.jpg/220px-The_Breakers_interior_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Breakers_interior_01.jpg/330px-The_Breakers_interior_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/The_Breakers_interior_01.jpg/440px-The_Breakers_interior_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The great hall</figcaption></figure></li> <li><b>Great hall</b> (50 ft × 50 ft × 50 ft [15 m × 15 m × 15 m]) – Over each of the six doors that lead from the Great Hall are <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> figure groups celebrating humanity's progress in art, science, and industry: <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a>, representing science; <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, representing literature; <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>, representing the arts; <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)" title="Mercury (mythology)">Mercury</a>, representing speed and commerce; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Morris_Hunt" title="Richard Morris Hunt">Richard Morris Hunt</a>, representing architecture; and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Bitter" title="Karl Bitter">Karl Bitter</a>, representing sculpture.</li> <li><b>Main staircase</b></li> <li><b>Arcade</b></li> <li><b>Library</b> – The library has <a href="/wiki/Coffer" title="Coffer">coffered</a> ceilings painted with a dolphin, symbolic of the sea and hospitality, supported by <a href="/wiki/Circassia" title="Circassia">Circassian</a> walnut paneling impressed with gold leaf in the form of a leather-bound book. Between the ceiling and the gold paneling lies green Spanish leather embossed with gold, which continues into the library from the alcove used for cards. Inside the central library are two busts: a bronze of William Henry Vanderbilt II, the oldest child of Cornelius II and Alice, who died of typhoid at the age of 21 while attending <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>; and a marble of Cornelius Vanderbilt II. The fireplace, taken from a 16th-century French chateau (<a href="/wiki/Arnay-le-Duc" title="Arnay-le-Duc">Arnay-le-Duc</a>, Burgundy), bears the inscription "I laugh at great wealth, and never miss it; nothing but wisdom matters in the end."<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mrs._Cornelius_Vanderbilt,_II_and_her_daughters,_Gladys_and_Gertrude,_having_tea_in_the_libtary_at_the_Breakers_Newport,_Rhode_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mrs._Cornelius_Vanderbilt%2C_II_and_her_daughters%2C_Gladys_and_Gertrude%2C_having_tea_in_the_libtary_at_the_Breakers_Newport%2C_Rhode_Island.jpg/220px-Mrs._Cornelius_Vanderbilt%2C_II_and_her_daughters%2C_Gladys_and_Gertrude%2C_having_tea_in_the_libtary_at_the_Breakers_Newport%2C_Rhode_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Mrs._Cornelius_Vanderbilt%2C_II_and_her_daughters%2C_Gladys_and_Gertrude%2C_having_tea_in_the_libtary_at_the_Breakers_Newport%2C_Rhode_Island.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Mrs. <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt_II" title="Cornelius Vanderbilt II">Cornelius Vanderbilt II</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alice_Claypoole_Vanderbilt" title="Alice Claypoole Vanderbilt">Alice Claypoole Vanderbilt</a>) and her daughters, <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Vanderbilt_Sz%C3%A9chenyi" title="Gladys Vanderbilt Széchenyi">Gladys Vanderbilt Széchenyi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Vanderbilt_Whitney" title="Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney">Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney</a>, having tea in the library at The Breakers, Newport, Rhode Island, <a href="/wiki/William_Bruce_Ellis_Ranken" title="William Bruce Ellis Ranken">William Bruce Ellis Ranken</a>, 1932</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breakers_Library.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Breakers_Library.JPG/220px-Breakers_Library.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Breakers_Library.JPG/330px-Breakers_Library.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Breakers_Library.JPG/440px-Breakers_Library.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3411" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a> at The Breakers</figcaption></figure></li> <li><b>Music room</b> – The room's open interior was used for recitals and dances. Its woodwork and furnishings were designed by Richard Van der Boyen and completed by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Allard_and_Sons" title="Jules Allard and Sons">Jules Allard and Sons</a>. The room has a gilt coffered ceiling lined with silver and gold, as well as an elliptical ceiling molding which bears the inscription in French of song, music, harmony and melody. Around the edge are the names of well-known composers. The fireplace is of <a href="/wiki/Campan" title="Campan">Campan</a> marble and the tables were designed to match. Mr. Vanderbilt was known to play the violin and Mrs. Vanderbilt the piano, which is a <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a> French mahogany <a href="/wiki/Ormolu" title="Ormolu">ormolu</a> mounted piano.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers_interior_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Breakers_interior_05.jpg/220px-The_Breakers_interior_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Breakers_interior_05.jpg/330px-The_Breakers_interior_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Breakers_interior_05.jpg/440px-The_Breakers_interior_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The music room</figcaption></figure></li> <li><b>Morning room</b> – Designed by the French company head Jules Allard, this communal sitting room faces east to admit the morning sun, and was used throughout the day. Placed around the room are platinum-leafed panels illustrated with 8 of the 9 muses. All interior woodwork and furnishings were designed and constructed in France, then shipped to America before assembly.</li> <li><b>Lower loggia</b></li> <li><b>Billiards room</b> – Designed in the style of ancient Rome, this room shows m <a href="/wiki/Richard_Morris_Hunt" title="Richard Morris Hunt">Richard Morris Hunt</a>’s competence in stone works. The great slabs of Cippolino marble from Italy form the walls, while rose <a href="/wiki/Alabaster" title="Alabaster">alabaster</a> arches provide contrast. Throughout the room there is an assortment of semi-precious stones, forming <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> of acorns (the Vanderbilt family emblem, intended to show strength and longevity) and billiards balls on the top walls. The <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance style">Renaissance style</a> mahogany furniture provides further contrast with that of the colored marble.</li> <li><b>Dining room</b> – The 2,400 sq ft (220 m<sup>2</sup>) dining room is the house's grandest room and has 12 freestanding rose alabaster <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian</a> columns supporting a colossal carved and gilt <a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">cornice</a>. Rich in allegory, this room serves as an exemplar of what 19th-century technology could do with Roman ideas and 18th-century inspiration. On the ceiling, the goddess <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(mythology)" title="Aurora (mythology)">Aurora</a> is depicted bringing in the dawn on a four-horse chariot as Greek figures pose majestically. A 16th-century style table of carved oak seats up to 34. Two <a href="/wiki/Baccarat_(company)" title="Baccarat (company)">Baccarat</a> crystal chandeliers light the room with either gas or electricity, and 18, 22 or 24 carat gold gilt is adhered to the wall with <a href="/wiki/Rabbit-skin_glue" title="Rabbit-skin glue">rabbit-skin glue</a>.</li> <li><b>Breakfast room</b> – The breakfast room, with its modified <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV</a> style paneling and furnishings, was used for family morning meals. The furnishings, colors and gilt, although still extravagant in their use, contrast with the dining room's more lavish decoration.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Pantry</b> – A central <a href="/wiki/Dumbwaiter_(elevator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumbwaiter (elevator)">dumbwaiter</a> brought additional china and glassware down from the <a href="/wiki/Mezzanine" title="Mezzanine">mezzanine</a> level. The pantry was also used for the storage of the family's table silver; this was brought with the family when they traveled, and stored in a steel vault. An intercom system allows the butler to direct the necessary servants to their needed locations, and each number on the caller corresponds to a number on a room.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breakers_Kitchen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Breakers_Kitchen.JPG/220px-Breakers_Kitchen.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Breakers_Kitchen.JPG/330px-Breakers_Kitchen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Breakers_Kitchen.JPG/440px-Breakers_Kitchen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The kitchen</figcaption></figure></li> <li><b>Kitchen</b> – The kitchen, unlike others in the time period, was situated on the first floor away from the main house to prevent the possibility of fires and cooking smells reaching the main parts of the house. The well-ventilated room supports a 21 ft (6.4 m) cast iron stove, which heats up as a single element through a coal burning stove. The work table is made of <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, a metal which served as the forerunner to stainless steel; in front of it is a marble mortar used to crush various ingredients. Ice cut in winter from the local ponds kept the side rooms cool where food was stored, and facilitated a colder room for the assembling of <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NHL_nom_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHL_nom-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kitchen and baking pantry each have one dumbwaiter that travels to the basement level where groceries were delivered and refuse removed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_floor">Second floor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second floor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornelius_Bedroom_Breakers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cornelius_Bedroom_Breakers.JPG/220px-Cornelius_Bedroom_Breakers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cornelius_Bedroom_Breakers.JPG/330px-Cornelius_Bedroom_Breakers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cornelius_Bedroom_Breakers.JPG/440px-Cornelius_Bedroom_Breakers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Mr. Vanderbilt's bedroom</figcaption></figure><b>Mr. Vanderbilt's bedroom</b> – As with the rest of the second floor, Ogden Codman designed this room, choosing <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV Style">Louis XIV Style</a>. The bed is made of carved walnut and the mantel is of rouge royal marble, which hosts a large mirror above to bring more light into the room. There is much memorabilia of family and friends, though Cornelius Vanderbilt II lived only a year at the Breakers in good health, before dying the following year, 1899, of a stroke.</li> <li><b>Mrs. Vanderbilt's bedroom</b> – A perfect oval, Alice Vanderbilt's room has multiple doors connecting it to other bedrooms. Four closets allowed for her possible seven clothing changes per day, and a pager to administer and delegate family needs to the servants. This room also served as her study and had many bookshelves. Additionally, there are discreetly designed corridors that permitted female servants to maintain the laundry and costume needs of the family in a seemingly invisible fashion.</li> <li><b>Miss Gertrude Vanderbilt's bedroom</b> – <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Vanderbilt_Whitney" title="Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney">Gertrude</a>, daughter of Cornelius II and Alice, was a less conforming character who wished to be loved for her personality rather than her wealth and family; later she found her match in <a href="/wiki/Harry_Payne_Whitney" title="Harry Payne Whitney">Harry Payne Whitney</a> and became an artist. Multiple pieces of her artwork are featured in the room, including "The Engineer", which was inspired by her brother during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, "Laborer", and another that commemorates the American Expeditionary Force of World War I. She moved into The Breakers when she was 19. Above her bed is a portrait of her at age 5 by <a href="/wiki/Raimundo_de_Madrazo_y_Garreta" title="Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta">Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta</a>, and beside it, to the left of the bed, a sketch of her as a young woman.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers_interior_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Breakers_interior_08.jpg/220px-The_Breakers_interior_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Breakers_interior_08.jpg/330px-The_Breakers_interior_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Breakers_interior_08.jpg/440px-The_Breakers_interior_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1691" /></a><figcaption>Miss Gertrude Vanderbilt's bedroom</figcaption></figure></li> <li><b>Upper loggia</b> – Opening east to the Atlantic, the upper <a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">loggia</a> served as an informal living room. During the summer the glass doors overlooking the great hall could be opened to allow a breezeway. The walls are painted marble, and the ceiling is designed to depict three <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(building)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canopy (building)">canopies</a> covering the sky. The lawn, designed by James and Ernest Bowdwitch, hosted many parties and was well kept by a gardening staff of 20, who also introduced and maintained various non-indigenous trees.</li> <li><b>Guest bedroom</b> – This room exemplifies the <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI</a> style through furniture, woodwork and light fixtures, with <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> style abounding in the interior. The wall paneling has never been retouched, though the rest of the room has been restored by the preservation society.</li> <li><b>Countess Szechenyi's bedroom</b> – Designed by <a href="/wiki/Ogden_Codman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogden Codman">Ogden Codman</a> in 18th-century simple elegance style, this room features an ivory and cream-colored motif.<sup id="cite_ref-NHL_nom_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHL_nom-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>There are also two other rooms located on the second floor, possibly a nursery and a nanny's bedroom.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_floor">Third floor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Third floor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The third floor contains eight bedrooms and a sitting room decorated in Louis XVI style walnut paneling by Ogden Codman. The north wing of the third-floor quarters were reserved for domestic servants. Using ceilings nearly 18-foot-high (5.5 m), Richard Morris Hunt created two separate third floors to allow a mass aggregation of servant bed chambers. This was because of the configuration of the house, built in <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Renaissance architecture">Italian Renaissance</a> style, which included a pitched roof. Flat-roofed French classical houses built in the area at the time allowed a concealed wing for staff, whereas the Breakers' design did not permit this feature. </p><p>A total of 30 bedrooms are located in the two third-floor staff quarters. Three additional bedrooms for the butler, chef, and visiting valet are located on the mezzanine "entresol" floor, located between the first and second floor just to the rear of the main kitchen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attic_floor">Attic floor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Attic floor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The attic floor contained more staff quarters, general storage areas, and the innovative <a href="/wiki/Cisterns" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisterns">cisterns</a>. One smaller cistern supplied hydraulic pressure for the 1895 <a href="/wiki/Otis_Elevator_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Otis Elevator Company">Otis</a> elevator, still functioning in the house even though the house was wired for electricity in 1933. Two larger cisterns supplied fresh and salt water to the many bathrooms in the house. </p><p>Over the grand staircase is a <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> <a href="/wiki/Skylight" title="Skylight">skylight</a> designed by artist <a href="/wiki/John_La_Farge" title="John La Farge">John La Farge</a>. Originally installed in the Vanderbilts' 1 West 57th Street (<a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>) townhouse dining room, the skylight was removed in 1894 during an expansion of that house. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Materials">Materials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Foundation: brick, concrete, and <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a></li> <li>Trusses: steel</li> <li>Walls: Indiana limestone</li> <li>Roof: red <a href="/wiki/Terra_cotta" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra cotta">terra cotta</a> tile</li> <li>Wall panels: <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a> leaf (eight reliefs of <a href="/wiki/Mythological" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythological">mythological</a> figures only)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Other: <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> (plaques), <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> (gates and fences)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_architect">The architect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The architect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Breakers was designed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Morris_Hunt" title="Richard Morris Hunt">Richard Morris Hunt</a>, one of the country's most influential architects. It is regarded as a definitive expression of American <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts architecture</a>. Hunt's final project, it is also one of his few surviving works, and is valued for its architectural excellence. The home made Hunt the "dean of American architecture", as he was called by his contemporaries,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and helped define the <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilded Era">Gilded Era</a> in American history.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The house makes an appearance at the end of the establishing shot of the 1990 American drama <a href="/wiki/Reversal_of_Fortune" title="Reversal of Fortune">Reversal of Fortune</a>, where it stands in as the Newport mansion of Sunny and <a href="/wiki/Claus_von_Bulow" class="mw-redirect" title="Claus von Bulow">Claus von Bulow</a>, which was instead the nearby <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarendon_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarendon Court (page does not exist)">Clarendon Court</a>. </p><p>The Music room was used in the HBO series <a href="/wiki/The_Gilded_Age_(TV_series)" title="The Gilded Age (TV series)">The Gilded age (2022–present)</a>, the room was featured on the season 1 finale as the Russels' ballroom when they threw coming out ball for their daughter Gladys. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers._Newport,_RI._Library._20210723_(50).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Library"><img alt="Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._20210723_%2850%29.jpg/135px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._20210723_%2850%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._20210723_%2850%29.jpg/202px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._20210723_%2850%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._20210723_%2850%29.jpg/270px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._20210723_%2850%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Library</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers._Newport,_RI._Library._Ceiling._20210723_(38).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Library ceiling"><img alt="Library ceiling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._Ceiling._20210723_%2838%29.jpg/135px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._Ceiling._20210723_%2838%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._Ceiling._20210723_%2838%29.jpg/202px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._Ceiling._20210723_%2838%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._Ceiling._20210723_%2838%29.jpg/270px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Library._Ceiling._20210723_%2838%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Library ceiling</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers._Newport,_RI._Gallery._20210723_(111).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Staircase"><img alt="Grand Staircase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28111%29.jpg/135px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28111%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28111%29.jpg/202px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28111%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28111%29.jpg/270px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28111%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grand Staircase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers._Newport,_RI._Gallery._20210723_(108).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Staircase"><img alt="Staircase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28108%29.jpg/135px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28108%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28108%29.jpg/202px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28108%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28108%29.jpg/270px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28108%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Staircase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers._Newport,_RI._Gallery._20210723_(110).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Upper staircase"><img alt="Upper staircase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28110%29.jpg/135px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28110%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28110%29.jpg/202px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28110%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28110%29.jpg/270px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Gallery._20210723_%28110%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Upper staircase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers._Newport,_RI._Breakfast_room._20210723_(7).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Breakfast room"><img alt="Breakfast room" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Breakfast_room._20210723_%287%29.jpg/136px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Breakfast_room._20210723_%287%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Breakfast_room._20210723_%287%29.jpg/205px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Breakfast_room._20210723_%287%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Breakfast_room._20210723_%287%29.jpg/273px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Breakfast_room._20210723_%287%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2822" data-file-height="3723" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Breakfast room</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers_interior_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Music room windows"><img alt="Music room windows" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/The_Breakers_interior_11.jpg/270px-The_Breakers_interior_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/The_Breakers_interior_11.jpg/405px-The_Breakers_interior_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/The_Breakers_interior_11.jpg/540px-The_Breakers_interior_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Music room windows</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers_interior_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Music room"><img alt="Music room" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/The_Breakers_interior_09.jpg/265px-The_Breakers_interior_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/The_Breakers_interior_09.jpg/398px-The_Breakers_interior_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/The_Breakers_interior_09.jpg/530px-The_Breakers_interior_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2038" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Music room</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers._Newport,_RI._Dining_room._Ceiling._20210723_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dining room ceiling"><img alt="Dining room ceiling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._Ceiling._20210723_%2810%29.jpg/135px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._Ceiling._20210723_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._Ceiling._20210723_%2810%29.jpg/202px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._Ceiling._20210723_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._Ceiling._20210723_%2810%29.jpg/270px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._Ceiling._20210723_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dining room ceiling</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 91.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 89.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers._Newport,_RI._Dining_room._20210723_(9).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dining room"><img alt="Dining room" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._20210723_%289%29.jpg/134px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._20210723_%289%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._20210723_%289%29.jpg/202px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._20210723_%289%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._20210723_%289%29.jpg/269px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Dining_room._20210723_%289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2885" data-file-height="3862" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dining room</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers_interior_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dining room"><img alt="Dining room" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Breakers_interior_13.jpg/273px-The_Breakers_interior_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Breakers_interior_13.jpg/410px-The_Breakers_interior_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Breakers_interior_13.jpg/546px-The_Breakers_interior_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1979" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dining room</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 91.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 89.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers._Newport,_RI._Terrace._20210723_(17).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Terrace"><img alt="Terrace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Terrace._20210723_%2817%29.jpg/134px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Terrace._20210723_%2817%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Terrace._20210723_%2817%29.jpg/201px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Terrace._20210723_%2817%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Terrace._20210723_%2817%29.jpg/268px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._Terrace._20210723_%2817%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2945" data-file-height="3954" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Terrace</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers._Newport,_RI._20210723_(134).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the sea"><img alt="View of the sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._20210723_%28134%29.jpg/135px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._20210723_%28134%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._20210723_%28134%29.jpg/202px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._20210723_%28134%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._20210723_%28134%29.jpg/270px-The_Breakers._Newport%2C_RI._20210723_%28134%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of the sea</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 177.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Newport_Rhode_Island_The_Breakers_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Breakers side facade"><img alt="The Breakers side facade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Newport_Rhode_Island_The_Breakers_2.jpg/263px-Newport_Rhode_Island_The_Breakers_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Newport_Rhode_Island_The_Breakers_2.jpg/395px-Newport_Rhode_Island_The_Breakers_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Newport_Rhode_Island_The_Breakers_2.jpg/527px-Newport_Rhode_Island_The_Breakers_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="547" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Breakers side facade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Breakers_Newport_RI_June_1,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Breakers other facade"><img alt="The Breakers other facade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Breakers_Newport_RI_June_1%2C_2013.jpg/240px-The_Breakers_Newport_RI_June_1%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Breakers_Newport_RI_June_1%2C_2013.jpg/360px-The_Breakers_Newport_RI_June_1%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Breakers_Newport_RI_June_1%2C_2013.jpg/480px-The_Breakers_Newport_RI_June_1%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Breakers other facade</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Great_Elephant_Migration_-_A_Coexistence_Story">The Great Elephant Migration - A Coexistence Story</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The Great Elephant Migration - A Coexistence Story"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven_elephants.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A group of elephants sculpted from Lantana camara vines on The Breakers' lawn with the mansion in back" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Seven_elephants.jpg/220px-Seven_elephants.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Seven_elephants.jpg/330px-Seven_elephants.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Seven_elephants.jpg/440px-Seven_elephants.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Sculpted elephants on The Breakers' lawn</figcaption></figure> <p>Between July 2024 and July 2025, The Great Elephant Migration<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> will display a herd of 100 elephants<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – sculpted from the vines of <a href="/wiki/Lantana_camara" title="Lantana camara">Lantana camara</a> – across the United States.  Various sites around <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a> – including The Breakers, <a href="/wiki/Salve_Regina_University" title="Salve Regina University">Salve Regina</a>, and other spaces along the Cliff Walk – will host the collection before it is moved to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.  Lantana camara is an <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive weed</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and threatens elephants and other herd populations by restricting their access to more viable vegetation necessary for survival.  By harvesting and making use of these weeds for the elephant sculptures, more than 200 indigenous artists are able to both promote and live a path of coexistence and conservation, and the funds raised by the sale of these elephants goes to help further that initiative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/32px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/48px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/64px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="580" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Rhode_Island" title="Portal:Rhode Island">Rhode Island portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gilded_Age_mansions" title="List of Gilded Age mansions">List of Gilded Age mansions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_houses_in_the_United_States" title="List of largest houses in the United States">List of largest houses in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Rhode_Island" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island">List of National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Newport_County,_Rhode_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island">National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVanderbilt1989" class="citation book cs1">Vanderbilt, Arthur T. (1989). <i>Fortune's Children: The Fall of the House of Vanderbilt</i>. Perennial.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortune%27s+Children%3A+The+Fall+of+the+House+of+Vanderbilt&rft.pub=Perennial&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Vanderbilt&rft.aufirst=Arthur+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nhlsum-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nhlsum_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090812035956/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1058&ResourceType=Building">"Breakers, The"</a>. <i>National Historic Landmark summary listing</i>. National Park Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1058&ResourceType=Building">the original</a> on August 12, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Landmark+summary+listing&rft.atitle=Breakers%2C+The&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdetail.cfm%3FResourceId%3D1058%26ResourceType%3DBuilding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nris-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. January 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140324052140/http://gis.vgsi.com/newportri/Parcel.aspx?pid=6982">"Newport County Tax Records"</a>. Vision Government Solutions. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gis.vgsi.com/newportri/Parcel.aspx?pid=6982">the original</a> on March 24, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newport+County+Tax+Records&rft.pub=Vision+Government+Solutions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgis.vgsi.com%2Fnewportri%2FParcel.aspx%3Fpid%3D6982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderbilt1989185–187-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderbilt1989185–187_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVanderbilt1989">Vanderbilt 1989</a>, pp. 185–187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderbilt1989185–186-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderbilt1989185–186_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVanderbilt1989">Vanderbilt 1989</a>, pp. 185–186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGannon1982" class="citation book cs1">Gannon, Thomas (1982). <i>Newport Mansions: the Gilded Age</i>. Fort Church Publishers. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Newport+Mansions%3A+the+Gilded+Age&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Fort+Church+Publishers&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Gannon&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pres_Soc_files._ProJo_article_contains_factual_errors.-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pres_Soc_files._ProJo_article_contains_factual_errors._8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2000" class="citation news cs1">Miller, G. Wayne (July 7, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.projo.com/specials/newportsummer/chapter5.htm">"Fortune's Children"</a>. <i>A Nearly Perfect Summer</i>. Providence Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2007</span>. <q>The Breakers left family ownership three decades ago, when the Preservation Society bought it for $365,000, a pittance—but let Paul, Gladys and their mother continue summering on the third floor, formerly servants' quarters. Mother died in 1998 but her children summer there still, hidden from the hundreds of thousands of tourists who explore below.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Nearly+Perfect+Summer&rft.atitle=Fortune%27s+Children&rft.date=2000-07-07&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=G.+Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.projo.com%2Fspecials%2Fnewportsummer%2Fchapter5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDangremond2018" class="citation web cs1">Dangremond, Sam (January 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a15071400/vanderbilt-heirs-apartment-at-the-breakers/">"Are the Vanderbilt Heirs Being Forced Out of the Breakers?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Town_and_Country_Magazine" title="Town and Country Magazine">Town and Country Magazine</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Town+and+Country+Magazine&rft.atitle=Are+the+Vanderbilt+Heirs+Being+Forced+Out+of+the+Breakers%3F&rft.date=2018-01-18&rft.aulast=Dangremond&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.townandcountrymag.com%2Fsociety%2Fmoney-and-power%2Fa15071400%2Fvanderbilt-heirs-apartment-at-the-breakers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.usnews.com/news/best-states/rhode-island/articles/2017-04-10/controversial-project-at-the-breakers-mansion-to-begin-soon">"Construction on Visitors Center at the Breakers to Begin"</a>. <i>US News</i>. April 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+News&rft.atitle=Construction+on+Visitors+Center+at+the+Breakers+to+Begin&rft.date=2017-04-10&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fbest-states%2Frhode-island%2Farticles%2F2017-04-10%2Fcontroversial-project-at-the-breakers-mansion-to-begin-soon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United States Department of the Interior / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (Rev.8-86)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (July 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newport Preservation Society's Breakers Audio Tour<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (July 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHL_nom-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NHL_nom_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHL_nom_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040630201051/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/samples/ri/breakers.pdf">"National Historic Landmark Nomination"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/samples/ri/breakers.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 30, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Historic+Landmark+Nomination&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdesignations%2Fsamples%2Fri%2Fbreakers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090923105509/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/11/24/mansion_wall_panels_found_to_be_platinum/?p1=MEWell_Pos2">"Mansion wall panels found to be platinum"</a>. <i>The Boston Globe</i>. Associated Press. November 24, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/11/24/mansion_wall_panels_found_to_be_platinum/?p1=MEWell_Pos2">the original</a> on September 23, 2009 – via Boston.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Mansion+wall+panels+found+to+be+platinum&rft.date=2006-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farticles%2F2006%2F11%2F24%2Fmansion_wall_panels_found_to_be_platinum%2F%3Fp1%3DMEWell_Pos2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiseman2000" class="citation book cs1">Wiseman, Carter (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J_GGEgmgwycC&pg=PA30"><i>Twentieth-century American Architecture: The Buildings and Their Makers</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32054-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32054-1"><bdi>978-0-393-32054-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth-century+American+Architecture%3A+The+Buildings+and+Their+Makers&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-393-32054-1&rft.aulast=Wiseman&rft.aufirst=Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ_GGEgmgwycC%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thegreatelephantmigration.org/">"The Great Elephant Migration | A Coexistence Story"</a>. <i>The Great Elephant Migration</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Great+Elephant+Migration&rft.atitle=The+Great+Elephant+Migration+%7C+A+Coexistence+Story&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthegreatelephantmigration.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeltman2024" class="citation news cs1">Veltman, Chloe (July 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/07/09/nx-s1-5028545/touch-one-of-the-100-life-size-indian-elephant-sculptures-now-traveling-across-the-country">"100 elephants are moving across the U.S. — a herd of life-size replicas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=100+elephants+are+moving+across+the+U.S.+%E2%80%94+a+herd+of+life-size+replicas&rft.date=2024-07-09&rft.aulast=Veltman&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2024%2F07%2F09%2Fnx-s1-5028545%2Ftouch-one-of-the-100-life-size-indian-elephant-sculptures-now-traveling-across-the-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker1980" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Paul R. (1980). <i>Richard Morris Hunt</i>. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-52109-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-52109-3"><bdi>978-0-262-52109-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Morris+Hunt&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-262-52109-3&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Paul+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenway1984" class="citation book cs1">Benway, Ann (1984). <i>A Guidebook to Newport Mansions</i>. Preservation Society of Newport County. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11594840">11594840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guidebook+to+Newport+Mansions&rft.pub=Preservation+Society+of+Newport+County&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11594840&rft.aulast=Benway&rft.aufirst=Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroffut1975" class="citation book cs1">Croffut, William A. (1975) [1886, Belford, Clarke and Company]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vanderbiltsstory1975crof"><i>The Vanderbilts and the Story of their Fortune</i></a></span>. New York: Arno Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-405-06906-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-405-06906-2"><bdi>978-0-405-06906-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vanderbilts+and+the+Story+of+their+Fortune&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Arno+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-405-06906-2&rft.aulast=Croffut&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvanderbiltsstory1975crof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowningScully1967" class="citation book cs1">Downing, Antoinette F.; Scully, Vincent J. Jr. (1967). <i>The Architectural Heritage of Newport, Rhode Island</i> (2nd ed.). New York: Clarkson N. Potter. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1051091">1051091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Architectural+Heritage+of+Newport%2C+Rhode+Island&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Clarkson+N.+Potter&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1051091&rft.aulast=Downing&rft.aufirst=Antoinette+F.&rft.au=Scully%2C+Vincent+J.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerree1904" class="citation book cs1">Ferree, Barr (1904). <i>American Estates and Gardens</i>. New York: Munn and Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/418824">418824</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Estates+and+Gardens&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Munn+and+Company&rft.date=1904&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F418824&rft.aulast=Ferree&rft.aufirst=Barr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGannon1982" class="citation book cs1">Gannon, Thomas (1982). <i>Newport Mansions: the Gilded Age</i>. Fort Church Publishers. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/218461407">218461407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Newport+Mansions%3A+the+Gilded+Age&rft.pub=Fort+Church+Publishers&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F218461407&rft.aulast=Gannon&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavan1998" class="citation book cs1">Gavan, Terrence (1998). <i>The Barons of Newport: A Guide to the Gilded Age</i>. Newport, RI: Pineapple Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929249-06-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-929249-06-2"><bdi>0-929249-06-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40933005">40933005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Barons+of+Newport%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Gilded+Age&rft.place=Newport%2C+RI&rft.pub=Pineapple+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40933005&rft.isbn=0-929249-06-2&rft.aulast=Gavan&rft.aufirst=Terrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordyMonkhouse1982" class="citation book cs1">Jordy, William H.; Monkhouse, Christopher P. (1982). <i>Buildings on Paper</i>. Brown University, Rhode Island Historical Society and Rhode Island School of Design. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/313752449">313752449</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buildings+on+Paper&rft.pub=Brown+University%2C+Rhode+Island+Historical+Society+and+Rhode+Island+School+of+Design&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F313752449&rft.aulast=Jordy&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft.au=Monkhouse%2C+Christopher+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLints1992" class="citation book cs1">Lints, Eric P. (1992). <i>The Breakers: A Construction and Technologies Report</i>. Newport, RI: The Newport Preservation Society of Newport County.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Breakers%3A+A+Construction+and+Technologies+Report&rft.place=Newport%2C+RI&rft.pub=The+Newport+Preservation+Society+of+Newport+County&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Lints&rft.aufirst=Eric+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf1988" class="citation book cs1">Metcalf, Pauline C., ed. (1988). <i>Ogden Codman and the Decoration of Houses</i>. Boston: The Boston Athenaeum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87923-777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87923-777-6"><bdi>978-0-87923-777-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/18416459">18416459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ogden+Codman+and+the+Decoration+of+Houses&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=The+Boston+Athenaeum&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F18416459&rft.isbn=978-0-87923-777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson1989" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, Jerry E. (1989). <i>The Vanderbilts</i>. New York: Harry N. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-1748-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-1748-4"><bdi>978-0-8109-1748-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/660059432">660059432</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vanderbilts&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F660059432&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-1748-4&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Jerry+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerschler1993" class="citation thesis cs1">Perschler, Martin (1993). <i>Historic Landscapes Project</i> (Thesis). University of Virginia. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/923862218">923862218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Historic+Landscapes+Project&rft.inst=University+of+Virginia&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F923862218&rft.aulast=Perschler&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuyler1895" class="citation journal cs1">Schuyler, Montgomery (October–December 1895). "The Works of the Late Richard M. Hunt". <i>The Architectural Record</i>. <b>V</b> (2): 99–180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Architectural+Record&rft.atitle=The+Works+of+the+Late+Richard+M.+Hunt&rft.volume=V&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=99-180&rft.date=1895-10%2F1895-12&rft.aulast=Schuyler&rft.aufirst=Montgomery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmales1951" class="citation book cs1">Smales, Holbert T. (1951). <i>"The Breakers" Newport, Rhode Island</i>. Newport, RI: Remington Ward. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51813836">51813836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Breakers%22+Newport%2C+Rhode+Island&rft.place=Newport%2C+RI&rft.pub=Remington+Ward&rft.date=1951&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51813836&rft.aulast=Smales&rft.aufirst=Holbert+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorndike1981" class="citation book cs1">Thorndike, Joseph J., ed. (1981). <i>Three Centuries of Notable American Architects</i>. New York: American Heritage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8281-1157-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8281-1157-7"><bdi>978-0-8281-1157-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7555488">7555488</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+Centuries+of+Notable+American+Architects&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=American+Heritage&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7555488&rft.isbn=978-0-8281-1157-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuart2006" class="citation book cs1">Stuart, Amanda Mackenzie (2006). <i>Consuelo & Alva</i>. London: Harper Perennial. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-712731-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-712731-3"><bdi>978-0-00-712731-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consuelo+%26+Alva&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-00-712731-3&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=Amanda+Mackenzie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonPilgrimMurray1979" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Richard Guy; Pilgrim, Diane; Murray, Richard N. (1979). <i>American Renaissance 1876–1917</i>. New York: The Brooklyn Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-50807-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-50807-8"><bdi>978-0-394-50807-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Renaissance+1876%E2%80%931917&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Brooklyn+Museum&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-394-50807-8&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Richard+Guy&rft.au=Pilgrim%2C+Diane&rft.au=Murray%2C+Richard+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Breakers" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Breakers&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Breakers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:The Breakers">The Breakers</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newportmansions.org/page10001206.cfm">Preservation Society of Newport County - Breakers Page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816081843/http://www.newportmansions.org/page10001206.cfm">Archived</a> August 16, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040630201051/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/samples/ri/breakers.pdf">Complete details of the building, from the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service</a> (Adobe PDF file)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Buildings Survey</a> (HABS) No. RI-339, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/ri0039/">The Breakers, Ochre Point Avenue, Newport, Newport County, RI</a>", 1 photo, 11 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Timeline of Newport, Rhode Island">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Public_Schools" title="Newport Public Schools">Newport PS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_High_School_(Rhode_Island)" title="Rogers High School (Rhode Island)">William S. Rogers HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_College_of_Rhode_Island" title="Community College of Rhode Island">Community College of Rhode Island</a> <small>Newport Co. Campus</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IYRS_School_of_Technology_%26_Trades" title="IYRS School of Technology & Trades">IYRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College" title="Naval War College">Naval War College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Public_Library" title="Newport Public Library">Newport Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwood_Library_and_Athenaeum" title="Redwood Library and Athenaeum">Redwood Library and Athenaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salve_Regina_University" title="Salve Regina University">Salve Regina University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Newport" title="Naval Station Newport">Naval Station Newport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College" title="Naval War College">Naval War College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Justice_School" title="Naval Justice School">Naval Justice School</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailey%27s_Beach" title="Bailey's Beach">Bailey's Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenton_Point_State_Park" title="Brenton Point State Park">Brenton Point State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claiborne_Pell_Newport_Bridge" title="Claiborne Pell Newport Bridge">Claiborne Pell Newport Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Adams_State_Park" title="Fort Adams State Park">Fort Adams State Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_House" title="Eisenhower House">Eisenhower House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail_Newport" title="Sail Newport">Sail Newport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gooseberry_Beach" title="Gooseberry Beach">Gooseberry Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Casino" title="Newport Casino">Newport Casino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Cliff_Walk" title="Newport Cliff Walk">Newport Cliff Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Country_Club" title="Newport Country Club">Newport Country Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Historic_District_(Rhode_Island)" title="Newport Historic District (Rhode Island)">Newport Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Hospital" title="Newport Hospital">Newport Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Reading_Room" title="Newport Reading Room">Newport Reading Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Colony_House" title="Old Colony House">Old Colony House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Perry_Monument" title="Oliver Perry Monument">Oliver Perry Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touro_Synagogue" title="Touro Synagogue">Touro Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_(Newport,_Rhode_Island)" title="Washington Square (Newport, Rhode Island)">Washington Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Tavern_(Newport,_Rhode_Island)" title="White Horse Tavern (Newport, Rhode Island)">White Horse Tavern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mansions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preservation Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Breakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chateau-sur-Mer" title="Chateau-sur-Mer">Chateau-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepstow_(mansion)" title="Chepstow (mansion)">Chepstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elms_(Newport,_Rhode_Island)" title="The Elms (Newport, Rhode Island)">The Elms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bell_House" title="Isaac Bell House">Isaac Bell House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingscote_(mansion)" title="Kingscote (mansion)">Kingscote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_House" title="Marble House">Marble House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosecliff" title="Rosecliff">Rosecliff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Preservation Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu_House,_Newport" title="Beaulieu House, Newport">Beaulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechwood_(Astor_mansion)" title="Beechwood (Astor mansion)">Beechwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belcourt_of_Newport" title="Belcourt of Newport">Belcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm_Court_(Newport,_Rhode_Island)" title="Elm Court (Newport, Rhode Island)">Elm Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairholme_(Newport,_Rhode_Island)" title="Fairholme (Newport, Rhode Island)">Fairholme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Farm" title="Hammersmith Farm">Hammersmith Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malbone_Castle_and_Estate" title="Malbone Castle and Estate">Malbone Castle and Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramar_(mansion)" title="Miramar (mansion)">Miramar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochre_Court" title="Ochre Court">Ochre Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Point" title="Rough Point">Rough Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaview_Terrace" title="Seaview Terrace">Seaview Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Court" title="Vernon Court">Vernon Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue_Avenue_Historic_District" title="Bellevue Avenue Historic District">Bellevue Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Drive_Historic_District" title="Ocean Drive Historic District">Ocean Drive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Tennis_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Tennis Hall of Fame">International Tennis Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Folk_Festival" title="Newport Folk Festival">Newport Folk Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Historical_Society" title="Newport Historical Society">Newport Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport Jazz Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_Society_of_Newport_County" title="Preservation Society of Newport County">Preservation Society of Newport County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="List of public art in Newport, Rhode Island">Public art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li 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style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_architectural_style_categories" title="National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories">Architectural style categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._National_Historic_Landmarks_by_state" title="List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state">List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alabama" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alaska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arizona" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arkansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Colorado" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Connecticut" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Delaware" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Florida" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Georgia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hawaii" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Idaho" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Illinois" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iowa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kentucky" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Louisiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maine" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maryland" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Minnesota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mississippi" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Missouri" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nebraska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nevada" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Hampshire" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Jersey" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Mexico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ohio" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oklahoma" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oregon" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pennsylvania" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rhode_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tennessee" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Utah" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Vermont" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_state" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington state">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_West_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wisconsin" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wyoming" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by insular areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_American_Samoa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Guam" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Minor Outlying Islands">Minor Outlying Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Puerto_Rico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by associated state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Palau" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Legation,_Tangier" title="American Legation, Tangier">American Legation, Morocco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Preservation_Act" title="National Historic Preservation Act">National Historic Preservation Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Preservation_Fund" title="Historic Preservation Fund">Historic Preservation Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jails_and_prisons_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places">List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_college_buildings_listed_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places">University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/32px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/48px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/64px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1969" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span 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