CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ace of spades - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5815c2ba-b11f-4486-8338-0810c37dcc01","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ace_of_spades","wgTitle":"Ace of spades","wgCurRevisionId":1249073665,"wgRevisionId":1249073665,"wgArticleId":520539,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1: long volume value","EngvarB from February 2022","Use dmy dates from February 2022","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from December 2022","All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles containing video clips","17th-century introductions","Playing cards","Cultural aspects of death","Spencer Perceval","James VI and I","Anne, Queen of Great Britain"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ace_of_spades","wgRelevantArticleId":520539,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId": "Q3418541","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/01_of_spades_A.svg/1200px-01_of_spades_A.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1748"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/01_of_spades_A.svg/800px-01_of_spades_A.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1165"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/01_of_spades_A.svg/640px-01_of_spades_A.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="932"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ace of spades - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ace_of_spades"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ace_of_spades"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ace_of_spades rootpage-Ace_of_spades skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ace+of+spades" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ace+of+spades" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ace+of+spades" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ace+of+spades" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Symbolism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Symbolism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Symbolism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idioms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idioms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Idioms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idioms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Encoding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ace of spades</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ass_(Spielkarte)#Das_Pik-Ass_im_Vereinigten_Königreich" title="Ass (Spielkarte) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ass (Spielkarte)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_de_picas" title="As de picas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="As de picas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_de_pique" title="As de pique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="As de pique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="스페이드 에이스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스페이드 에이스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="スペードのエース – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スペードのエース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81s_de_espadas" title="Ás de espadas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ás de espadas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Пиковый туз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пиковый туз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%A7a_as%C4%B1" title="Maça ası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maça ası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3418541#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_spades" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ace_of_spades" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_spades"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_spades"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ace_of_spades" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ace_of_spades" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&oldid=1249073665" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ace_of_spades&id=1249073665&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAce_of_spades"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAce_of_spades"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ace_of_spades&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aces_of_Spades" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3418541" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Playing card</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ace_of_spades_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ace of spades (disambiguation)">Ace of spades (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:01_of_spades_A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/01_of_spades_A.svg/170px-01_of_spades_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/01_of_spades_A.svg/255px-01_of_spades_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/01_of_spades_A.svg/340px-01_of_spades_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ace" title="Ace">Ace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Suit_(cards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (cards)">spades</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Friz.jpg/170px-Friz.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Friz.jpg/255px-Friz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Friz.jpg/340px-Friz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="881" /></a><figcaption>1828 "Old Frizzle"</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>ace of spades</b> (also known as the <b>Spadille,</b> <b>Old Frizzle,</b> and <b>Death Card</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is traditionally the highest and most valued card in the deck of <a href="/wiki/Playing_card" title="Playing card">playing cards</a>. The actual value of the card varies from game to game.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ornate design of the <a href="/wiki/Ace" title="Ace">ace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spades_(suit)" title="Spades (suit)">spades</a>, common in packs today, stems from the 17th century, when <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James I</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Queen Anne</a> imposed laws requiring the ace of spades to bear an insignia of the printing house. <a href="/wiki/Stamp_duty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Stamp duty in the United Kingdom">Stamp duty</a>, an idea imported to England by <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>, was extended to playing cards in 1711 by <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Queen Anne</a> and lasted until 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-White_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hughes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the years, a number of methods were used to show that duty had been paid. From 1712 onwards, one of the cards in the pack, usually the ace of spades, was marked with a hand stamp. In 1765 hand stamping was replaced by the printing of the official ace of spades by the Stamp Office, incorporating the royal coat of arms. In 1828 the Duty Ace of Spades (known as "Old Frizzle") was printed to indicate a reduced duty of a <a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">shilling</a> had been paid.<sup id="cite_ref-Schott_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schott-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One maker of cards was caught in possession of forged aces and the equipment to produce them. This was a <a href="/wiki/Capital_offence" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital offence">capital offence</a>, the prosecutor the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Spencer Perceval</a> (later to become the prime minister assassinated in 1812) obtained the conviction of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harding_(forger)" title="Richard Harding (forger)">Richard Harding</a> and he was hanged in 1805. The association of the ace of spades with death may spring from such events.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The system was changed again in 1862 when official <a href="/wiki/Threepence_(British_coin)" title="Threepence (British coin)">threepenny</a> duty wrappers were introduced and although the makers were free to use whatever design they wanted, most chose to keep the ornate ace of spades that is popular today.<sup id="cite_ref-Schott_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schott-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ace of spades is thus used to show the card manufacturer's information. </p><p>Since 1882, an annual pack of cards has been produced by the <a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Makers_of_Playing_Cards" title="Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards">Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards</a> at the installation of each master and since 1888, a portrait of the Master has appeared at the centre of the ace of spades.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact design of the ace card was so important, it eventually became the subject of design patents and trademarking. For example, on 5 December 1882, George G. White was granted U.S. design patent US0D0013473<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for his design. His ace design was adorned with male and female figures leaning onto the spade from either side. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolism">Symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War">War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Undue_weight_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>lend <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies</b>. Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STRUCTURE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:STRUCTURE">create a more balanced presentation</a>. Discuss and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">resolve</a> this issue before removing this message. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The ace of spades has been employed on several occasions in the theatre of war. In the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/12th_(Eastern)_Division" title="12th (Eastern) Division">12th (Eastern) Division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> used the Ace of spades symbol as their insignia.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="25th Infantry Division (India)">25th Infantry Division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> used an Ace of Spades on a green background as their insignia.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In World War II, the soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/506th_Parachute_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="506th Parachute Infantry Regiment">506th Parachute Infantry Regiment</a> of the American <a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st Airborne Division</a> were marked with the spades symbol painted on the sides of their helmets. In this capacity, it was used to represent good luck, due to its fortunate connotations in card playing. Following the confusion of a large-scale combat airborne operation, all four card-suits were used for ease of identification of regiments within the airborne division. Battalions within the regiments were denoted with tic marks or dots, struck from top clockwise: headquarters at the twelve o'clock position, 1st Battalion at the three o'clock, etc. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, the ace of spades was used as a tool of psychological warfare as it was common practice by US soldiers to leave the ace card on the bodies of killed Vietnamese.<sup id="cite_ref-bodies_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bodies-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They thought that the card's connections to French colonial rule of Vietnam and putative symbolism in Vietnamese tradition to mean death and ill-fortune would frighten and demoralise <a href="/wiki/Viet_Cong" title="Viet Cong">Viet Cong</a> soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-false_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-false-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-falsely_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-falsely-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This custom was said to be so common that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Playing_Card_Company" title="United States Playing Card Company">United States Playing Card Company</a> was asked by Charlie Company, 2nd Battalion, 35th Infantry Regiment to supply crates of that single card in bulk. The plain white tuck cases were marked "Bicycle Secret Weapon", and the cards were deliberately scattered in villages and in the jungle during raids.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ace of spades, while not a symbol of superstitious fear to the Viet Cong forces, did help the morale of American soldiers. Some U.S. soldiers and Marines were reportedly sticking this card in their helmet band as a sort of anti-<a href="/wiki/Peace_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace sign">peace sign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-anti_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anti-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ace of spades is a symbol for people who are <a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">asexual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">aromantic</a>. People who are <a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">asexual</a>, but not <a href="/wiki/Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">aromantic</a>, use the <a href="/wiki/Ace_of_hearts" title="Ace of hearts">ace of hearts</a> as a symbol.<sup id="cite_ref-AceSuits_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AceSuits-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Idioms">Idioms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Idioms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various <a href="/wiki/Idiom" title="Idiom">idioms</a> involving the ace of spades include "black as the ace of spades," which may refer either to completely black; totally without light or colour, <a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">colour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">race</a>, (lack of) morality, or (lack of) cleanliness in a person.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French expression <i>fagoté comme l'as de pique</i> translates to "(badly) dressed like the ace of spades."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Encoding">Encoding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ace of spades is encoded into <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> with the code point U+1F0A1, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Playing_Cards_(Unicode_block)" title="Playing Cards (Unicode block)">playing cards Unicode block</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">🂡 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061632564">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">PLAYING CARD ACE OF SPADES </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>127137</td> <td>U+1F0A1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>240 159 130 161</td> <td>F0 9F 82 A1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></td> <td>55356 56481</td> <td>D83C DCA1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#127137;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x1F0A1;<wbr /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Spot_(Treasure_Island)" title="Black Spot (Treasure Island)">Black Spot (<i>Treasure Island</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_playing-card_nicknames" title="List of playing-card nicknames">List of playing-card nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French-suited_playing_cards" title="French-suited playing cards">French-suited playing cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_(card_games)" title="Trump (card games)">Trump cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_stamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax stamp">Tax stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Spades" title="Black Spades">Black Spades</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For an example of the card referring to race, see Aaron McGruder, <i>Public Enemy #2: An All-New </i>Boondocks<i> Collection</i> (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2005), front cover.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151019173251/http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=spadille">"Spadille"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=spadille">the original</a> on 19 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spadille&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmachaut.uchicago.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FWEBSTER.sh%3FWORD%3Dspadille&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715120241/http://www.psywarrior.com/DeathCardsAce.html">"Death Cards - Psychological Operations"</a>. <i>www.psywarrior.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psywarrior.com/DeathCardsAce.html">the original</a> on 15 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.psywarrior.com&rft.atitle=Death+Cards+-+Psychological+Operations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psywarrior.com%2FDeathCardsAce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071226120913/http://www.newtscards.com/secret_weapon_death_playing_cards.asp">"The Tarot Death Card"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newtscards.com/secret_weapon_death_playing_cards.asp">the original</a> on 26 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tarot+Death+Card&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newtscards.com%2Fsecret_weapon_death_playing_cards.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-White_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuckle" class="citation cs2">Knuckle, White, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whiteknucklecards.com/history/briefhistory.html"><i>A Brief History of Playing Cards</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120201121857/http://whiteknucklecards.com/history/briefhistory.html">archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Playing+Cards&rft.aulast=Knuckle&rft.aufirst=White&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whiteknucklecards.com%2Fhistory%2Fbriefhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hughes_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hughes, E (2004). <i>The English Stamp Duties, 1664-1764</i>. Vol. 56, no.222 (April 1941). English Historical Review. p. 245.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Stamp+Duties%2C+1664-1764&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=English+Historical+Review&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schott-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schott_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schott_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchott2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Schott" title="Ben Schott">Schott, Ben</a> (2004). "Card Tax & The Ace of Spades". <i><a href="/wiki/Schott%27s_Miscellanies" class="mw-redirect" title="Schott's Miscellanies">Schott's Sporting, Gaming & Idling Miscellany</a></i>. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7475-6924-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7475-6924-X"><bdi>0-7475-6924-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Card+Tax+%26+The+Ace+of+Spades&rft.btitle=Schott%27s+Sporting%2C+Gaming+%26+Idling+Miscellany&rft.place=London&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7475-6924-X&rft.aulast=Schott&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonger2012" class="citation journal cs1">Monger, Garry (2012). "The Ace of Spades". <i>The Fens</i>. <b>30</b>: 20-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fens&rft.atitle=The+Ace+of+Spades&rft.volume=30&rft.pages=20-21&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Monger&rft.aufirst=Garry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://makersofplayingcards.org">"Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205083637/http://www.makersofplayingcards.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Worshipful+Company+of+Makers+of+Playing+Cards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmakersofplayingcards.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1882" class="citation web cs1">White, George (5 December 1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?docid=D0013473&SectionNum=1&IDKey=31F8C71374D0&HomeUrl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1%2526Sect2=HITOFF%2526d=PALL%2526p=1%2526u=%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsrchnum.htm%2526r=1%2526f=G%2526l=50%2526s1=D013473.PN.%2526OS=PN/D013473%2526RS=PN/D013473">"Design No 13,473"</a>. <i>pdfpiw.uspto.gov</i>. United States Patent and Trademark Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210907195423/https://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?docid=D0013473&SectionNum=1&IDKey=31F8C71374D0&HomeUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526d%3DPALL%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsrchnum.htm%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526s1%3DD013473.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2FD013473%2526RS%3DPN%2FD013473">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pdfpiw.uspto.gov&rft.atitle=Design+No+13%2C473&rft.date=1882-12-05&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfpiw.uspto.gov%2F.piw%3Fdocid%3DD0013473%26SectionNum%3D1%26IDKey%3D31F8C71374D0%26HomeUrl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO1%252526Sect2%3DHITOFF%252526d%3DPALL%252526p%3D1%252526u%3D%2525252Fnetahtml%2525252FPTO%2525252Fsrchnum.htm%252526r%3D1%252526f%3DG%252526l%3D50%252526s1%3DD013473.PN.%252526OS%3DPN%2FD013473%252526RS%3DPN%2FD013473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/12th-eastern-division/">"12th (Eastern) Division"</a>. <i>The Long, Long Trail</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129230017/https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/12th-eastern-division/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Long%2C+Long+Trail&rft.atitle=12th+%28Eastern%29+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longlongtrail.co.uk%2Farmy%2Forder-of-battle-of-divisions%2F12th-eastern-division%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/25th-division/">"25th Infantry Division (India)"</a>. <i>www.longlongtrail.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121013354/http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/25th-division/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.longlongtrail.co.uk&rft.atitle=25th+Infantry+Division+%28India%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longlongtrail.co.uk%2Farmy%2Forder-of-battle-of-divisions%2F25th-division%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bodies-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bodies_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHank2011" class="citation book cs1">Hank, Mark (12 December 2011). "The Ace of Spades is Different". <i>Usefully Useless: Everything You'd Never Learn at School (But May Like to Know)</i>. Square Peg. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0224086639" title="Special:BookSources/978-0224086639"><bdi>978-0224086639</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ace+of+Spades+is+Different&rft.btitle=Usefully+Useless%3A+Everything+You%27d+Never+Learn+at+School+%28But+May+Like+to+Know%29&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Square+Peg&rft.date=2011-12-12&rft.isbn=978-0224086639&rft.aulast=Hank&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-false-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-false_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilds2018" class="citation web cs1">Childs, Fred (31 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charliecompany.org/2018/08/31/ace-of-spades/">"The Ace of Spades"</a>. Charlie Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206112844/https://charliecompany.org/2018/08/31/ace-of-spades/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ace+of+Spades&rft.pub=Charlie+Company&rft.date=2018-08-31&rft.aulast=Childs&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharliecompany.org%2F2018%2F08%2F31%2Face-of-spades%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-falsely-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-falsely_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2022" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Charles (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historynet.com/ace-spades-vietnam-psychological-warfare.htm">"Ace of Spades in Vietnam psychological warfare"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_History_Group" title="World History Group">History.net</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206112837/https://www.historynet.com/ace-spades-vietnam-psychological-warfare.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2022</span>. <q>Originally published in the October 2007 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Magazine" title="Vietnam Magazine">Vietnam Magazine</a></i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.net&rft.atitle=Ace+of+Spades+in+Vietnam+psychological+warfare&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Face-spades-vietnam-psychological-warfare.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.casino.org/blog/death-card-explained">"How The Ace Of Spades Became Known As The "Death Card"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412150125/https://www.casino.org/blog/death-card-explained/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+The+Ace+Of+Spades+Became+Known+As+The+%22Death+Card%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.casino.org%2Fblog%2Fdeath-card-explained&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071226120913/http://www.newtscards.com/secret_weapon_death_playing_cards.asp">"Ace of Spades or Secret Weapon Death Playing Cards at Newt's Playing Cards"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newtscards.com/secret_weapon_death_playing_cards.asp">the original</a> on 26 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ace+of+Spades+or+Secret+Weapon+Death+Playing+Cards+at+Newt%27s+Playing+Cards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newtscards.com%2Fsecret_weapon_death_playing_cards.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bicyclecards.com/article/our-history/">"Our History"</a>. <i>Bicycle Playing Cards</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181121094112/https://www.bicyclecards.com/article/our-history/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bicycle+Playing+Cards&rft.atitle=Our+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bicyclecards.com%2Farticle%2Four-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anti-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-anti_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcManus2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_McManus" title="James McManus">McManus, James</a> (28 September 2010). "The Opposite of a Peace Sign". <i>Cowboys Full: The Story of Poker</i>. <a href="/wiki/Picador_(imprint)" title="Picador (imprint)">Picador</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312430085" title="Special:BookSources/9780312430085"><bdi>9780312430085</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Opposite+of+a+Peace+Sign&rft.btitle=Cowboys+Full%3A+The+Story+of+Poker&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2010-09-28&rft.isbn=9780312430085&rft.aulast=McManus&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AceSuits-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AceSuits_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulie_Sondra_Decker2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Sondra_Decker" title="Julie Sondra Decker">Julie Sondra Decker</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vTSCDwAAQBAJ&q=ace+of+hearts"><i>The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781510700642" title="Special:BookSources/9781510700642"><bdi>9781510700642</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Invisible+Orientation%3A+An+Introduction+to+Asexuality&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781510700642&rft.au=Julie+Sondra+Decker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvTSCDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dace%2Bof%2Bhearts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGandhi2013" class="citation web cs1">Gandhi, Lakshmi (23 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150511022349/http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/09/19/224183763/is-it-racist-to-call-a-spade-a-spade">"Is It Racist To 'Call a Spade a Spade'?"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/09/19/224183763/is-it-racist-to-call-a-spade-a-spade">the original</a> on 11 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Is+It+Racist+To+%27Call+a+Spade+a+Spade%27%3F&rft.date=2013-09-23&rft.aulast=Gandhi&rft.aufirst=Lakshmi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Fcodeswitch%2F2013%2F09%2F19%2F224183763%2Fis-it-racist-to-call-a-spade-a-spade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span>, <i>Codeswitch</i>, <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>, 23 September 2013 (retrieved 14 June 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/(as)+black+as+the+ace+of+spades">"Black as the Ace of spades"</a>. <i>www.thefreedictionary.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210907195409/https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/%28as%29+black+as+the+ace+of+spades">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thefreedictionary.com&rft.atitle=Black+as+the+Ace+of+spades&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidioms.thefreedictionary.com%2F%28as%29%2Bblack%2Bas%2Bthe%2Bace%2Bof%2Bspades&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"As". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellsfrenchen00bake"><i>Cassell's New French Dictionary</i></a> (5th ed.). New York, Funk & Wagnalls. 1951.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=As&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+New+French+Dictionary&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=New+York%2C+Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1951&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcassellsfrenchen00bake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1F0A0.pdf">"Playing Cards"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230507075310/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1F0A0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Playing+Cards&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU1F0A0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+of+spades" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aces_of_Spades" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aces of Spades">Aces of Spades</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715120241/http://www.psywarrior.com/DeathCardsAce.html">The Death Card</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Playing_cards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Playing_cards" title="Template:Playing cards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Playing_cards" title="Template talk:Playing cards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Playing_cards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Playing cards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Playing_cards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Playing_card" title="Playing card">Playing cards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standard_52-card_deck" title="Standard 52-card deck">Standard <br /> 52-card deck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Playing_card_suit" title="Playing card suit">Playing card suits</a> (<a href="/wiki/French-suited_playing_cards" title="French-suited playing cards">French</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spades_(suit)" title="Spades (suit)">Spades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearts_(suit)" title="Hearts (suit)">Hearts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamonds_(suit)" title="Diamonds (suit)">Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubs_(suit)" title="Clubs (suit)">Clubs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ranks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace" title="Ace">Ace</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ace of spades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_hearts" title="Ace of hearts">Ace of hearts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_(playing_card)" title="King (playing card)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(playing_card)" title="Queen (playing card)">Queen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_spades" title="Queen of spades">Queen of spades</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_(playing_card)" title="Jack (playing card)">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Scotland" title="Curse of Scotland">Curse of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_card" title="Beer card">Beer card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific decks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ambraser_Hofjagdspiel" title="Ambraser Hofjagdspiel">Ambraser Hofjagdspiel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_awareness_playing_cards" title="Archaeology awareness playing cards">Archaeology awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charruan_playing_cards" title="Charruan playing cards">Charruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Hunting_Deck" title="Flemish Hunting Deck">Flemish Hunting Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_most_wanted_playing_cards" title="Hamas most wanted playing cards">Hamas most wanted</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hof%C3%A4mterspiel" title="Hofämterspiel">Hofämterspiel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry%27s_Nugget_playing_cards" title="Jerry's Nugget playing cards">Jerry's Nugget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most-wanted_Iraqi_playing_cards" title="Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards">Most-wanted Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politicards" title="Politicards">Politicards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_pack" title="Stuttgart pack">Stuttgart pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_playing_card" title="Transformation playing card">Transformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_card_and_tile_packs" title="List of traditional card and tile packs">Other packs<br />and decks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/As-Nas" title="As-Nas">As-Nas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_playing_cards" title="Chinese playing cards">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-color_deck" title="Four-color deck">Four-colour pack</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganjifa" title="Ganjifa">Ganjifa</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganjapa" title="Ganjapa">ganjapa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karuta" title="Karuta">Karuta</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hanafuda" title="Hanafuda">hanafuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyakunin_Isshu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyakunin Isshu">Hyakunin Isshu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kabufuda" title="Kabufuda">kabufuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uta-garuta" title="Uta-garuta">uta-garuta</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kvitlech" title="Kvitlech">Kvitlech</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_playing_cards" title="Polish playing cards">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-suited_playing_cards" title="Portuguese-suited playing cards">Portuguese-suited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_playing_cards" title="Russian playing cards">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games" title="Tarot card games">Tarot pack</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tujeon" title="Tujeon">Tujeon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zi_pai" title="Zi pai">Zi pai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banner_(playing_card)" title="Banner (playing card)">Banner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blank_(playing_card)" title="Blank (playing card)">Blank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_card" title="Face card">Court card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(playing_card)" title="Knight (playing card)">knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ober_(playing_card)" title="Ober (playing card)">Ober</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unter_(playing_card)" title="Unter (playing card)">Unter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pip_(counting)" title="Pip (counting)">Pip card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deuce_(playing_card)" title="Deuce (playing card)">deuce</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weli" title="Weli">Weli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(playing_card)" title="Joker (playing card)">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_playing-card_nicknames" title="List of playing-card nicknames">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripped_deck" title="Stripped deck">Stripped deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talon_(cards)" title="Talon (cards)">Talon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playing_cards_in_Unicode" title="Playing cards in Unicode">Unicode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other suits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards" title="German-suited playing cards">German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaves_(suit)" title="Leaves (suit)">Leaves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swiss-suited_playing_cards" title="Swiss-suited playing cards">Swiss</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shields_(suit)" title="Shields (suit)">Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roses_(suit)" title="Roses (suit)">Roses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German and Swiss</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorns_(suit)" title="Acorns (suit)">Acorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bells_(suit)" title="Bells (suit)">Bells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin (<a href="/wiki/Italian-suited_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian-suited playing cards">Italian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Spanish</a>/<a href="/wiki/Portuguese-suited_playing_cards" title="Portuguese-suited playing cards">Portuguese</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cups_(suit)" title="Cups (suit)">Cups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_(suit)" title="Coins (suit)">Coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batons_(suit)" title="Batons (suit)">Batons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swords_(suit)" title="Swords (suit)">Swords</a></li> <li>Japanese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsudomoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsudomoe">Guru (circular whirls)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_playing_cards#Money-suited_cards" title="Chinese playing cards">Chinese (Money)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cash_(Chinese_coin)" title="Cash (Chinese coin)">Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_of_cash_coins_(currency_unit)" title="String of cash coins (currency unit)">Strings of Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriad" title="Myriad">Myriads</a> of Strings</li> <li>Tens of Myriads</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers<br />and brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASS_Altenburger" title="ASS Altenburger">ASS Altenburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartamundi" title="Cartamundi">Cartamundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copag" title="Copag">Copag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_Negro" title="Dal Negro">Dal Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naipes_Heraclio_Fournier" title="Naipes Heraclio Fournier">Fournier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Cartes" title="France Cartes">France Cartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F.X._Schmid" title="F.X. Schmid">F.X. Schmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemaco" title="Gemaco">Gemaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.O._%C3%96berg_%26_Son" title="J.O. Öberg & Son">J.O. Öberg & Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modiano_(company)" title="Modiano (company)">Modiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag" title="Nürnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag">Nürnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oishi_Tengudo" title="Oishi Tengudo">Oishi Tengudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piatnik" title="Piatnik">Piatnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburger" title="Ravensburger">Ravensburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trefl_Playing_Card_Company" title="Trefl Playing Card Company">Trefl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Games_Systems" title="U.S. Games Systems">U.S. Games Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Playing_Card_Company" title="United States Playing Card Company">United States Playing Card Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Playing_Cards" title="Bicycle Playing Cards">Bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimaud_(company)" title="Grimaud (company)">Grimaud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspioti-ELKA" title="Aspioti-ELKA">Aspioti-ELKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefelder_Spielkarten" title="Bielefelder Spielkarten">Bielefelder Spielkarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.L._W%C3%BCst" title="C.L. Wüst">C.L. Wüst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Goodall_%26_Sons" title="Charles Goodall & Sons">Charles Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondorf" title="Dondorf">Dondorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cohen_(cardmaker)" title="Lewis Cohen (cardmaker)">Lewis Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waddingtons" title="Waddingtons">Waddingtons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Asher" title="Lee Asher">Lee Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Auer_(card_game_historian)" title="Hubert Auer (card game historian)">Hubert Auer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Berg" title="Bryan Berg">Bryan Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blaine" title="David Blaine">David Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derren_Brown" title="Derren Brown">Derren Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cohen_(cardmaker)" title="Lewis Cohen (cardmaker)">Lewis Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_and_Dave_(magicians)" title="Dan and Dave (magicians)">Dan and Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Depaulis" title="Thierry Depaulis">Thierry Depaulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._W._Erdnase" title="S. W. Erdnase">S. W. Erdnase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennart_Green" title="Lennart Green">Lennart Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harding_(forger)" title="Richard Harding (forger)">Richard Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Kaspar_Hechtel" title="Johann Kaspar Hechtel">Johann Kaspar Hechtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricky_Jay" title="Ricky Jay">Ricky Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekiryo_Kaneda" title="Sekiryo Kaneda">Sekiryo Kaneda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lavand" title="René Lavand">René Lavand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Marlo" title="Ed Marlo">Ed Marlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Playing_Cards" title="Master of the Playing Cards">Master of the Playing Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLeod_(card_game_researcher)" title="John McLeod (card game researcher)">John McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Moser" title="Anton Moser">Anton Moser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Murray" title="Samuel J. Murray">Samuel J. Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Parlett" title="David Parlett">David Parlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Piatnik" title="Ferdinand Piatnik">Ferdinand Piatnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Valentine_Pitchford" title="Richard Valentine Pitchford">Richard Valentine Pitchford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Pratesi" title="Franco Pratesi">Franco Pratesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Rauch_(politician)" title="Johann Georg Rauch (politician)">Johann Georg Rauch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Tamariz" title="Juan Tamariz">Juan Tamariz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Thurston" title="Howard Thurston">Howard Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Troedel" title="Charles Troedel">Charles Troedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Vernon" title="Dai Vernon">Dai Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusajiro_Yamauchi" title="Fusajiro Yamauchi">Fusajiro Yamauchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups and<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Skat" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skat_(card_game)" title="Skat (card game)">Skat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Skat_Association" title="British Skat Association">British Skat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Skat_Association" title="German Skat Association">German Skat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Skat_Court" title="International Skat Court">International Skat Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Skat_Players_Association" title="International Skat Players Association">International Skat Players Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/52_Plus_Joker" title="52 Plus Joker">52 Plus Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Collection_of_Playing_Cards" title="Cary Collection of Playing Cards">Cary Collection of Playing Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fournier_Museum_of_Playing_Cards" title="Fournier Museum of Playing Cards">Fournier Museum of Playing Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Doppelkopf_Association" title="German Doppelkopf Association">German Doppelkopf Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Playing_Card_Museum" title="German Playing Card Museum">German Playing Card Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ais_de_la_Carte_%C3%A0_Jouer" title="Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer">Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_Arashiyama_Museum_of_Arts_and_Culture" title="Saga Arashiyama Museum of Arts and Culture">Saga Arashiyama Museum of Arts and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Makers_of_Playing_Cards" title="Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards">Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Card_manipulation" title="Card manipulation">Card manipulation</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Cardistry" title="Cardistry">cardistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tricks" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tricks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Acme_of_Control" title="The Acme of Control">The Acme of Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambitious_Card" title="Ambitious Card">Ambitious Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackstone%27s_Card_Trick_Without_Cards" title="Blackstone's Card Trick Without Cards">Blackstone's Card Trick Without Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Circus_Card_Trick" title="The Circus Card Trick">The Circus Card Trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Burglars" title="The Four Burglars">The Four Burglars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_This_World_(card_trick)" title="Out of This World (card trick)">Out of This World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Card" title="Rising Card">Rising Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_Bee_(card_trick)" title="Spelling Bee (card trick)">Spelling Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-One_Card_Trick" title="Twenty-One Card Trick">Twenty-One Card Trick</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_dealing" title="Bottom dealing">Bottom dealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_marking" title="Card marking">Card marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_sharp" title="Card sharp">Card sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_throwing" title="Card throwing">Card throwing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cards_in_the_hat" title="Cards in the hat">Cards in the hat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardistry-Con" title="Cardistry-Con">Cardistry-Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_(cards)" title="Cut (cards)">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_lift" title="Double lift">Double lift</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Expert_at_the_Card_Table" title="The Expert at the Card Table">The Expert at the Card Table</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrmann_pass" title="Herrmann pass">Herrmann pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cardistry" title="History of cardistry">History of cardistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_cards" title="House of cards">House of cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-way_deck" title="One-way deck">One-way deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palming" title="Palming">Palms</a> and grips <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambler%27s_palm" title="Gambler's palm">gambler's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magician%27s_palm" title="Magician's palm">magician's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanic%27s_grip" title="Mechanic's grip">mechanic's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenkai_palm" title="Tenkai palm">Tenkai</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_of_the_Card_Table" title="The Phantom of the Card Table">The Phantom of the Card Table</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_dealing" title="Second dealing">Second dealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuffling" title="Shuffling">Shuffling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faro_shuffle" title="Faro shuffle">faro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbreath_shuffle" title="Gilbreath shuffle">Gilbreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarrow_shuffle" title="Zarrow shuffle">Zarrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_Stebbins_stack" title="Si Stebbins stack">Si Stebbins stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoke_card" title="Spoke card">Spoke card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-card_monte" title="Three-card monte">Three-card monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_deck" title="Trick deck">Trick decks</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Acrobats_(Dor%C3%A9)" title="The Acrobats (Doré)">The Acrobats</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bezique_Game" title="The Bezique Game">The Bezique Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Card_Players" title="The Card Players">The Card Players</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Card_Players_II" title="The Card Players II">The Card Players II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Card_Players_in_a_Rich_Interior" title="Card Players in a Rich Interior">Card Players in a Rich Interior</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Card_Sharp_with_the_Ace_of_Diamonds" title="The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds">The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cardplayers_in_a_Sunlit_Room" title="Cardplayers in a Sunlit Room">Cardplayers in a Sunlit Room</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cardsharps" title="The Cardsharps">The Cardsharps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dogs_Playing_Poker" title="Dogs Playing Poker">Dogs Playing Poker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life_with_a_Poem" title="Still Life with a Poem">Still Life with a Poem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Violin_and_Playing_Cards_on_a_Table" title="Violin and Playing Cards on a Table">Violin and Playing Cards on a Table</a></i></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Card_Sharks" title="Card Sharks">Card Sharks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Playing_Cards_(film)" title="Playing Cards (film)">Playing Cards</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Play_Your_Cards_Right" title="Play Your Cards Right">Play Your Cards Right</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_card_games" title="Template:Historical card games">Historical card games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Non_trick-taking_card_games" title="Template:Non trick-taking card games">Non trick-taking card games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Trick-taking_card_games" title="Template:Trick-taking card games">Trick-taking card games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Patience_and_solitaire_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Patience and solitaire games">Patience and solitaire games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Poker" title="Template:Poker">Poker</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Tarot_and_Tarock_card_games" title="Template:Tarot and Tarock card games">Tarot and Tarock card games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Occult_tarot" title="Template:Occult tarot">Occult tarot</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&oldid=1249073665">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&oldid=1249073665</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_introductions" title="Category:17th-century introductions">17th-century introductions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Playing_cards" title="Category:Playing cards">Playing cards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_aspects_of_death" title="Category:Cultural aspects of death">Cultural aspects of death</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spencer_Perceval" title="Category:Spencer Perceval">Spencer Perceval</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:James_VI_and_I" title="Category:James VI and I">James VI and I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Category:Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne, Queen of Great Britain</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_February_2022" title="Category:EngvarB from February 2022">EngvarB from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2022">Use dmy dates from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes_from_December_2022" title="Category:Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from December 2022">Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes" title="Category:All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes">All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 October 2024, at 00:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ace_of_spades&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-knhz5","wgBackendResponseTime":165,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.455","walltime":"0.592","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2107,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":103837,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1759,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":94126,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 499.681 1 -total"," 38.66% 193.157 2 Template:Reflist"," 26.25% 131.188 15 Template:Cite_web"," 18.54% 92.640 7 Template:Navbox"," 17.53% 87.584 1 Template:Playing_cards"," 10.91% 54.520 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.16% 40.759 1 Template:Undue_weight_section"," 7.73% 38.602 1 Template:Ambox"," 7.33% 36.615 1 Template:Commons_category"," 7.18% 35.873 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.291","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6701279,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-mbxg5","timestamp":"20241122141017","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ace of spades","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ace_of_spades","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3418541","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3418541","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-11T22:24:23Z","dateModified":"2024-10-03T00:50:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ab\/01_of_spades_A.svg","headline":"playing card"}</script> </body> </html>