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</div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AB%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E3%81%AE%E8%99%8E" title="タミル人民解放の虎 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タミル人民解放の虎" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%85_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BA" title="දෙමළ මහජන විමුක්ති කොටි පක්ෂය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෙමළ මහජන විමුක්ති කොටි පක්ෂය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamileela_Makkal_Viduthalai_Puligal" title="Tamileela Makkal Viduthalai Puligal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tamileela Makkal Viduthalai Puligal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="தமிழ் மக்கள் விடுதலைப் புலிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தமிழ் மக்கள் விடுதலைப் புலிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former paramilitary group and a current political party in Sri Lanka</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #F13826; border-bottom:2px solid #F13826; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Tamil Peoples Liberation Tigers</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">தமிழ் மக்கள் விடுதலைப்புலிகள்</div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;"><b>TMVP</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_chair" title="Party chair">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sivanesathurai_Chandrakanthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan">Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Poopalapillai Prasanthan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Karuna_Amman" title="Karuna Amman">Karuna Amman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">2004<span class="noprint">; 20 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2004</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Karuna Group</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">No - 91, Vavikkarai Road-01 <a href="/wiki/Batticaloa" title="Batticaloa">Batticaloa</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_People%27s_Freedom_Alliance" title="Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance">Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Parliament of Sri Lanka">Parliament of Sri Lanka</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 225</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F13826; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Provinces of Sri Lanka">Sri Lankan Provincial Councils</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 455</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F13826; width: 0.2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Local government in Sri Lanka">Local Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">37 / 8,327</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F13826; width: 0.4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Boat<br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Election_Symbol_Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal_Sri_Lanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Election_Symbol_Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal_Sri_Lanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="121" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tmvp.lk">tmvp<wbr />.lk</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #F13826;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Politics of Sri Lanka">Politics of Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of political parties in Sri Lanka">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Elections in Sri Lanka">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal</b> (<b>TMVP</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">தமிழ் மக்கள் விடுதலைப்புலிகள்</span>, English: <span lang="en"><b>Tamil Peoples Liberation Tigers</b></span>), previously known as the "<b>Karuna Group</b>", is a political party in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>. It was formed by <a href="/wiki/Karuna_Amman" title="Karuna Amman">Karuna Amman</a> (Vinayagamoorthy Muralitharan), a former leader of the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</a>, after he defected from the organization in 2004. Initially a paramilitary group that helped the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Government">Sri Lankan Government</a> fight the Tamil Tigers, the TMVP was registered as a political party in 2007. Under deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Pillayan" title="Pillayan">Pillayan</a> (Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan), they contested their first <a href="/wiki/2008_Sri_Lanka_Eastern_Provincial_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Sri Lanka Eastern Provincial Council elections">provincial elections in 2008</a>, winning a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Provincial_Council" title="Eastern Provincial Council">Eastern Provincial Council</a>. Members of the TMVP continue to carry arms under the auspices of the Sri Lankan government, which they claim is for their own safety from the Tamil Tigers, who carry out repeated attacks against them.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group is believed to be working with the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Army">Sri Lankan Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW15141_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW15141-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have been accused of human rights violation by local and international human rights organization.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The break-up between the LTTE and the <a href="/wiki/Batticaloa" title="Batticaloa">Batticaloa</a>-based Karuna group occurred in March 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karuna and others felt that <a href="/wiki/Vellupillai_Prabhakaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Vellupillai Prabhakaran">Prabhakaran</a> had become a dictator of a state that used Northern Tamils to oppress the Eastern Tamils<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that Eastern Tamils were not given due recognition for "laying down their lives in disproportionate numbers for the northern leadership".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with Indian-based <a href="/wiki/Eelam_National_Democratic_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front">Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front</a>, TVMP has formed Tamileela Iykkiya Viduthalai Munnani as a united front. The purported aim and the motive of the party are to safeguard the rights of Tamils within the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Province_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Province (Sri Lanka)">Eastern Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The president of TMVP was <a href="/wiki/Kumaraswamy_Nandagopan" title="Kumaraswamy Nandagopan">Kumaraswamy Nandagopan</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until he was assassinated in November 2008<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the general secretary G.E. Gnanarajah. The third in command is <a href="/wiki/Mangalan_Master" title="Mangalan Master">Mangalan Master</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since its formation, the group worked with the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Army">Sri Lankan Army</a> to combat the Tamil Tigers.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW15141_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW15141-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have been accused of <a href="/wiki/Militant_use_of_children_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Militant use of children in Sri Lanka">using children</a> to combat the <a href="/wiki/LTTE" class="mw-redirect" title="LTTE">LTTE</a> and have allegedly committed human rights violations in the East of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TMVP, in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Government of Sri Lanka">Government of Sri Lanka</a> on December 1, 2008 signed an action plan stating that they would cease the recruitment of child soldiers and that they would also release from combat all child soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internal_affairs">Internal affairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Internal affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_struggles">Internal struggles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Internal struggles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The TMVP has been affected by internal struggles between <a href="/wiki/Colonel_Karuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel Karuna">Colonel Karuna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sivanesathurai_Chandrakanthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan">Pillaiyan</a>. Small skirmishes broke out between the Pillaiyan and Karuna factions with some fatalities in May 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> October 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in May 2008. However, Dheeban the <a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a> district leader of the TMVP, denied a split claiming "the split between Karuna and Pillaiyan is a mere media fabrication".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In mid-October 2008, Karuna cadres ransacked the office of Pillaiyan, leading to government consternation and intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same week, the Karuna faction took over the "Thamil Alai" newspaper, the organ of the TMVP, which had been run by Pillaiyan in Karuna's absence.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However in late October, Karuna "made it a point to emphasise that there were no differences between them".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the internecine feuds between varying factions of the TMVP, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Government of Sri Lanka">Government of Sri Lanka</a> has decided it would begin the disarmament of the feuding groups in early 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As tensions flared up in late 2009, the government began putting restrictions on the placement of TMVP political signs in cities of the East of Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_name_change">Proposed name change</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Proposed name change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Koddani" (Koodani meaning alliance) is a new Tamil political party in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> that has been proposed by <a href="/wiki/Colonel_Karuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel Karuna">Colonel Karuna</a>, as either a splinter group of,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a new name for the Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal. However, <a href="/wiki/Sivanesathurai_Chandrakanthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan">Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan</a> has denied that this has proposed, stating "When I met him (Karuna) and asked about this, he said that there was no such thing".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name change has been floated around because Karuna and related figures feel the word "Puligal" meaning Tiger, implies association with the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TMVP 11 member politburo is currently deliberating on the issue, with Karuna threatening to start the new party if it is not approved.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However Karuna spokesman D. Kamalanathan denied both that a name change would take place and that there was a rift within the party, attributing the rumours to those against the TMVP.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights_violations">Human rights violations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Human rights violations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_rights_violations">General rights violations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: General rights violations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The group has been accused by the <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a> organizations <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> of recruiting children, torture, assassinations and engaging in extortion in its war against the LTTE. Human Rights Watch claimed that from June 2006 to December 2006 they have forcefully recruited several hundred children.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HRW3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AI_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TMVP has also been accused of being involved in kidnappings for ransom of wealthy, predominantly Tamil, businessmen to raise money in Colombo and other towns. Some businessmen were allegedly killed because their family could not pay the ransom.<sup id="cite_ref-HRWRTW_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRWRTW-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Media has reported that these abductions were linked to the Security forces in these abductions, either directly facilitating them or providing a cover and not taking any action against them.<sup id="cite_ref-HRWRTW_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRWRTW-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One such abducted man alleged that while he was being transported, from his workplace in Colombo, his abduction vehicle came across Army checkpoints but was not rescued.<sup id="cite_ref-HRWRTW_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRWRTW-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, the Tamil Human Rights group UTHR also accused the TMVP of taking part in <a href="/wiki/Death_squad" title="Death squad">death squad</a> activity against civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connection_with_the_Sri_Lankan_State">Connection with the Sri Lankan State</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Connection with the Sri Lankan State"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The group is also believed to be actively working with the Sri Lankan Army. According to <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> in one incident, the children who were abducted by the TMVP cadres were being held in a store across a Sri Lankan military camp. The parents of the abducted children pleaded with the military but no actions were taken. It was reported that two army men talked to the TMVP cadres and then walked away .<sup id="cite_ref-HRW15141_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW15141-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brad Adams, Asia director at Human Rights Watch said, “The government is fully aware of the abductions but allows them to happen because it’s eager for an ally against the Tamil Tigers”. The Human Rights Watch further added that it would be impossible to transport abducted children without the complicity of the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Army">Sri Lankan Army</a>. In addition, civilians claimed seeing many TMVP cadres at Army checkpoints and claimed that they checked ID's of the people.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> further claimed that they saw a top Karuna Eastern commander riding atop an army personnel carrier. They also claimed that Armed Karuna cadre openly roamed the streets in Batticaloa district in sight of security forces, and in some cases they jointly patrolled with the police.<sup id="cite_ref-IR807_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IR807-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/UTHR" class="mw-redirect" title="UTHR">UTHR</a>, a local Human rights organization, two children who escaped from the TMVP later surrendered to the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Army">Sri Lankan Army</a>. The children were taken back to the TMVP camp allegedly by the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Army">Sri Lankan Army</a> and was later beaten to death.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another such incident happened in Trincomalee where the abducted children by the TMVP were taken to a <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Navy">Sri Lankan Navy</a> check point. Soon the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Navy">Sri Lankan Navy</a> personnel came on motorcycles and escorted the Karuna men and their abducted children to the TMVP office. TMVP has also been alleged to have killed <a href="/wiki/INGO" class="mw-redirect" title="INGO">INGO</a> workers. Ragunathan Ramalingam, a worker for the International <a href="/wiki/INGO" class="mw-redirect" title="INGO">INGO</a> (World Concern), was asked to come to a Navy checkpoint. He was allegedly shot dead when he reached the check point.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/SLMM" class="mw-redirect" title="SLMM">SLMM</a> claimed that they saw TMVP pass through a checkpoint unchecked. It claimed that a white van, belonging to TMVP cadres, was transporting two 15-year-old boys and four armed civilians passed through an Army check point unchecked. However, the police maintained that they were instructed to check all vehicles and arrest any armed civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political">Political</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Political"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batticaloa_local_council_elections,_March_2008"><span id="Batticaloa_local_council_elections.2C_March_2008"></span>Batticaloa local council elections, March 2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Batticaloa local council elections, March 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local council elections of the Batticaloa district was held on March 10, 2008 after 10 years. The Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal (<a href="/wiki/TMVP" class="mw-redirect" title="TMVP">TMVP</a>) party won all the 9 councils with 70% of high majority of votes also the polling reported as peaceful. The <a href="/wiki/Batticaloa" title="Batticaloa">Batticaloa</a> town was the only local council that TMVP contested under the banner of ruling <a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Freedom_Alliance" title="United People's Freedom Alliance">United People's Freedom Alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCe_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCe-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest Tamil party <a href="/wiki/Tamil_National_Alliance" title="Tamil National Alliance">Tamil National Alliance</a> totally boycotting these polls. <a href="/wiki/United_National_party" class="mw-redirect" title="United National party">United National party</a> (UNP) also boycotted the polls by telling candidates not to run but some UNP candidates names' showed up on the voting list. Both groups claim unfair elections took place. TNA claimed it wasn't safe for them to operate in the east because the TMVP group was armed. TMVP threatened TNA MP's and also captured alive family members of TNA MP prior to the elections. The <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> reported that unnamed human rights groups claimed TMVP used violence before the election and therefore the elections were "tainted". Independent candidate <a href="/wiki/Rasiah_Thurairatnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasiah Thurairatnam">Rasiah Thurairatnam</a> claimed that people voted out of fear for the TMVP.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCe_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCe-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Provincial_Council_elections,_May_2008"><span id="Eastern_Provincial_Council_elections.2C_May_2008"></span>Eastern Provincial Council elections, May 2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Eastern Provincial Council elections, May 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2008_Sri_Lanka_Eastern_Provincial_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Sri Lanka Eastern Provincial Council elections">2008 Sri Lanka Eastern Provincial Council elections</a></div> <p>The Eastern Provincial Council elections was held on May 10, 2008. The 37 member provincial council election won by the ruling <a href="/wiki/UPFA" class="mw-redirect" title="UPFA">UPFA</a> with the highest number of 20 seats, <a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">UNP</a> 15 seats, <a href="/wiki/Janatha_Vimukthi_Peramuna" title="Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna">JVP</a> and other Tamil party 1 each. The TMVP members were contested under the UPFA banner and the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC) members contested under the UNP banner. The present TMVP leader <a href="/wiki/Sivanesathurai_Chandrakanthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan">Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan</a> alias <i>Pillayan</i> has gained the highest number of 41,936 preferential votes from Batticaloa district.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption>Sri Lanka Parliamentary Elections </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>Party leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>Vote % </th> <th>Seats won </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2010_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2010</a> </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Sivanesathurai_Chandrakanthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan">Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan</a> </td> <td align="center">20,284 </td> <td align="center">0.25% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 225</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F13826; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2015_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2015</a> </th> <td colspan="2" align="center">As a part of <a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Freedom_Alliance" title="United People's Freedom Alliance">UPFA</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 225</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F13826; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2020_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2020</a> </th> <td align="center">67,692 </td> <td align="center">0.58% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 225</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F13826; width: 0.4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2024</a> </th> <td align="center">34,440 </td> <td align="center">0.31% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 225</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F13826; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption>Sri Lanka <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Provincial_Council" title="Eastern Provincial Council">Eastern Provincial Council</a> Elections </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>Party leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>Vote % </th> <th>Seats won </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_Sri_Lanka_Eastern_Provincial_Council_election" title="2008 Sri Lanka Eastern Provincial Council election">2008</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sivanesathurai_Chandrakanthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan">Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center">As a part of <a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Freedom_Alliance" title="United People's Freedom Alliance">UPFA</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 37</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F13826; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2012_Sri_Lankan_provincial_council_elections#Eastern_Province" title="2012 Sri Lankan provincial council elections">2012</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 37</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F13826; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Government </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_use_of_children_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Military use of children in Sri Lanka">Military use of children in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_murder_of_TRO_workers_in_Sri_Lanka" title="2006 murder of TRO workers in Sri Lanka">2006 murder of TRO workers in Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7288942.stm">"Ex-Tamil Tigers win local polls"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ex-Tamil+Tigers+win+local+polls&rft.date=2008-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F7288942.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.slelections.gov.lk/lauthorities/2006_results/KORALEPATTU_PRADESHIYA_SABHA.html">http://www.slelections.gov.lk/lauthorities/2006_results/KORALEPATTU_PRADESHIYA_SABHA.html</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sinhala/news/story/2008/11/081114_tmvp_colombo.shtml">TMVP president shot dead</a> BBC News - November 14, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW15141-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRW15141_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW15141_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW15141_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/01/24/slanka15141.htm">"Sri Lanka: Karuna Group Abducts Children for Combat"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i>, August 9, 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka%3A+Karuna+Group+Abducts+Children+for+Combat&rft.date=2007-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Fenglish%2Fdocs%2F2007%2F01%2F24%2Fslanka15141.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7657668.stm">Renegade sworn in as Sri Lanka MP BBC</a> BBC News - October 8, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRW1_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929205439/http://hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/slanka14837.htm">"Abuses during armed conflict"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i> (1(C)), August 9, 2007, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/slanka14837.htm">the original</a> on September 29, 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Abuses+during+armed+conflict&rft.issue=1%28C%29&rft.date=2007-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Fenglishwr2k7%2Fdocs%2F2007%2F01%2F11%2Fslanka14837.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2006/06/30/2003316444">Ex-Tigers vow to keep up attacks</a> Taipei Times - 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November 14, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamalendran2008" class="citation cs2">Kamalendran, Chris (July 6, 2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundaytimes.lk/080706/News/timesnews003.html">"Pillayan ready to make way for Karuna"</a>, <i>The Sunday Times</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Pillayan+ready+to+make+way+for+Karuna&rft.date=2008-07-06&rft.aulast=Kamalendran&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sundaytimes.lk%2F080706%2FNews%2Ftimesnews003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRW2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929205439/http://hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/slanka14837.htm">"Sri Lanka"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i>, August 9, 2007, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/slanka14837.htm">the original</a> on September 29, 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka&rft.date=2007-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Fenglishwr2k7%2Fdocs%2F2007%2F01%2F11%2Fslanka14837.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207070217/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/05/stories/2008120556361500.htm">Mullathivu vulnerable: Colombo</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a> - December 5, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/6113">Karuna continues to threaten Editor, Asian Tribune</a> Asian Tribune - June 11, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colombopage.com/archive_07/October17142816SL.html">Sri Lanka's Eastern Province tense due to internal clashes of the paramilitaries</a> Colombo Page - October 17, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sinhala/news/story/2007/12/printable/071207_karuna_trincomalee.shtml">Karuna 'still our leader' - 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October 31, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundaytimes.lk/081228/News/sundaytimesnews_01.html">TMVP to be disarmed</a> Daily Mirror - December 28, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundaytimes.lk/090920/News/nws_02.html">Pillayan-Karuna clash intensifies in East</a> The Sunday Times - September 20, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.lk/morenewsfet.php?id=6840">Karuna Drops ‘Pulikal’</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081224105642/http://www.army.lk/morenewsfet.php?id=6840">Archived</a> 2008-12-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Sri Lanka Army - December 23, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lankatimes.com/fullstory.php?id=13628">TMVP name stands says Pillayan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090529075101/http://www.lankatimes.com/fullstory.php?id=13628">Archived</a> 2009-05-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Lanka Times - December 23, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2008/10/12/new03.asp">TMVP to drop ‘Tiger’ label</a> Sunday Observer - October 12, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=36171">Karuna Amman to register new party?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081226130748/http://www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=36171">Archived</a> 2008-12-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Daily Mirror - December 26, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lankatimes.com/fullstory.php?id=13960">Karuna won't form new party</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090529075031/http://www.lankatimes.com/fullstory.php?id=13960">Archived</a> 2009-05-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Lanka Times - January 4, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW3-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRW3_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2007/srilanka0107/">"Complicit in Crime: State Collusion in Abductions and Child Recruitment by the Karuna Group"</a>, <i>Human Rights Watch</i>, <b>19</b>, January 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Complicit+in+Crime%3A+State+Collusion+in+Abductions+and+Child+Recruitment+by+the+Karuna+Group&rft.volume=19&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F2007%2Fsrilanka0107%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AI_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192546/http://news.amnesty.org/index/ENGASA370072007">"Sri Lanka: Armed groups infiltrating refugee camps"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></i>, August 9, 2007, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.amnesty.org/index/ENGASA370072007">the original</a> on September 11, 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka%3A+Armed+groups+infiltrating+refugee+camps&rft.date=2007-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.amnesty.org%2Findex%2FENGASA370072007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRWRTW-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRWRTW_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRWRTW_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRWRTW_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/en/node/10799/section/6">"Enforced Disappearances and Abductions"</a>, <i>Human Rights Watch</i>, August 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Enforced+Disappearances+and+Abductions&rft.date=2007-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fen%2Fnode%2F10799%2Fsection%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">University Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uthr.org/SpecialReports/spreport21.pdf">When Indignation is Past and the Dust Settles</a>", Special Report No. 21, May 15, 2006. Retrieved April 5, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/reports/2007/srilanka0107/srilanka0107web.pdf">"Complicity in crimes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i> (1(C)), August 9, 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Complicity+in+crimes&rft.issue=1%28C%29&rft.date=2007-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Freports%2F2007%2Fsrilanka0107%2Fsrilanka0107web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IR807-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IR807_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/reports/2007/srilanka0807/1.htm#_Toc173322236">"Impunity reigns"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i> (1(C)), August 9, 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Impunity+reigns&rft.issue=1%28C%29&rft.date=2007-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Freports%2F2007%2Fsrilanka0807%2F1.htm%23_Toc173322236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uthr.org/bulletins/bul42.htm">"UTHR"</a>. <i>University Teachers for Human Rights</i>. UTHR. 9 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+Teachers+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=UTHR&rft.date=2007-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uthr.org%2Fbulletins%2Fbul42.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uthr.org/SpecialReports/spreport23.htm">"The Choice between Anarchy and International Law with Monitoring"</a>. <i>University Teachers for Human Rights</i>. UTHR. 9 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+Teachers+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=The+Choice+between+Anarchy+and+International+Law+with+Monitoring&rft.date=2007-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uthr.org%2FSpecialReports%2Fspreport23.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slmm.lk/W_Report/2007%2010%2008-14%20SLMM%20Weekly%20Report.pdf">"SLMM WEEKLY MONITORING REPORT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/SLMM" class="mw-redirect" title="SLMM">SLMM</a></i>. SLMM. 15 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SLMM&rft.atitle=SLMM+WEEKLY+MONITORING+REPORT&rft.date=2007-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slmm.lk%2FW_Report%2F2007%252010%252008-14%2520SLMM%2520Weekly%2520Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCe-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCe_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCe_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7288942.stm">"Ex-Tamil Tigers win local polls"</a>. BBC News. 11 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-Tamil+Tigers+win+local+polls&rft.date=2008-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F7288942.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7394488.stm">"Sri Lankan government wins vote"</a>. BBC News. 11 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sri+Lankan+government+wins+vote&rft.date=2008-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F7394488.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sinhala/news/story/2008/05/080511_pillayan_cm.shtml">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I am eligible' says Pillayan"</a>. BBC News. 11 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27I+am+eligible%27+says+Pillayan&rft.date=2008-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsinhala%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F2008%2F05%2F080511_pillayan_cm.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATamil+Makkal+Viduthalai+Pulikal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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id="Political_parties_in_Sri_Lanka_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sri_Lanka&#124;link=Sri_Lanka" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of political parties in Sri Lanka">Political parties in Sri Lanka</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_party" title="Major party">Major parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Power" title="National People's Power">NPP</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Janatha_Vimukthi_Peramuna" title="Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna">Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Samagi_Jana_Balawegaya" title="Samagi Jana Balawegaya">SJB</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ceylon_Makkal_Congress" title="All Ceylon Makkal Congress">All Ceylon Makkal Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_People%27s_Congress" title="Freedom People's Congress">Freedom People's Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress" title="Sri Lanka Muslim Congress">Sri Lanka Muslim Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Progressive_Alliance" title="Tamil Progressive Alliance">Tamil Progressive Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_People%27s_Front" title="Democratic People's Front">Democratic People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Workers_(Sri_Lanka)" title="National Union of Workers (Sri Lanka)">National Union of Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up-Country_People%27s_Front" title="Up-Country People's Front">Up-Country People's Front</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (politics)">Third parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ilankai_Tamil_Arasu_Kachchi" title="Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi">Ilankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Front_(Sri_Lanka)" title="New Democratic Front (Sri Lanka)">NDF</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress" title="Ceylon Workers' Congress">Ceylon Workers' Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajana_Eksath_Peramuna" title="Mahajana Eksath Peramuna">Mahajana Eksath Peramuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Alliance" title="National Unity Alliance">National Unity Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_(Sri_Lanka)" title="National Congress (Sri Lanka)">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lanka_Freedom_Party" title="New Lanka Freedom Party">New Lanka Freedom Party</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party" title="Sri Lanka Freedom Party">Sri Lanka Freedom Party</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Mahajana_Pakshaya" title="Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya">Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">United National Party</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Podujana_Peramuna" title="Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna">Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarvajana_Balaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarvajana Balaya">Sarvajana Balaya</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mawbima_Janatha_Pakshaya" title="Mawbima Janatha Pakshaya">Mawbima Janatha Pakshaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Tamil_National_Alliance" title="Democratic Tamil National Alliance">DTNA</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Organisation_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam">People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_People%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Democratic People's Liberation Front">Democratic People's Liberation Front</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam_Liberation_Organization" title="Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization">Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tamil_National_People%27s_Front" title="Tamil National People's Front">TNPF</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ceylon_Tamil_Congress" title="All Ceylon Tamil Congress">All Ceylon Tamil Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Labour_Party" title="Sri Lanka Labour Party">Sri Lanka Labour Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others outside parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahujana_Nidahas_Peramuna" title="Bahujana Nidahas Peramuna">Bahujana Nidahas Peramuna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodu_Jana_Peramuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodu Jana Peramuna (page does not exist)">Bodu Jana Peramuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Communist_Party_(Maoist)" title="Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)">Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Democratic_Unity_Alliance" title="Ceylon Democratic Unity Alliance">Ceylon Democratic Unity Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Communist Party of Sri Lanka">Communist Party of Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusaders_for_Democracy" title="Crusaders for Democracy">Crusaders for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Front_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Democratic Left Front (Sri Lanka)">Democratic Left Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Democratic Party (Sri Lanka)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_United_National_Front" title="Democratic United National Front">Democratic United National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unity_Alliance" title="Democratic Unity Alliance">Democratic Unity Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_National_Democratic_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front">Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Democratic_Party" title="Eelam People's Democratic Party">Eelam People's Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Revolutionary_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front">Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front</a> (Padmanaba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_People%27s_Front" title="Freedom People's Front">Freedom People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontline_Socialist_Party" title="Frontline Socialist Party">Frontline Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janatha_Sevaka_Pakshaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janatha Sevaka Pakshaya (page does not exist)">Janatha Sevaka Pakshaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathika_Hela_Urumaya" title="Jathika Hela Urumaya">Jathika Hela Urumaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathika_Nidahas_Peramuna" title="Jathika Nidahas Peramuna">Jathika Nidahas Peramuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party_(Alternative_Group)" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Alternative Group)">Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Alternative Group)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Sri Lanka)">Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherland_People%27s_Party" title="Motherland People's Party">Motherland People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Democratic_Movement_(Sri_Lanka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Democratic Movement (Sri Lanka) (page does not exist)">National Democratic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Nava Sama Samaja Party">Nava Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Sri Lanka)">New Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Sinhala_Heritage" title="New Sinhala Heritage">New Sinhala Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Power_of_People%27s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Power of People's Party">Our Power of People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Tamil_Congress" title="People's Tamil Congress">People's Tamil Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pivithuru_Hela_Urumaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pivithuru Hela Urumaya (page does not exist)">Pivithuru Hela Urumaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Workers_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Revolutionary Workers Party (Sri Lanka)">Revolutionary Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siva_Senai" title="Siva Senai">Siva Senai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Social Democratic Party of Sri Lanka">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Socialist Equality Party (Sri Lanka)">Socialist Equality Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Socialist Party of Sri Lanka">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_People%27s_National_Alliance" title="Tamil People's National Alliance">Tamil People's National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_United_Liberation_Front" title="Tamil United Liberation Front">Tamil United Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Citizen%E2%80%99s_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Citizen’s Front (page does not exist)">United Citizen’s Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Republican_Front" title="United Republican Front">United Republican Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Socialist_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" title="United Socialist Party (Sri Lanka)">United Socialist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ceylon_Islamic_United_Front" title="All Ceylon Islamic United Front">All Ceylon Islamic United Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Ceylon_Malay_Political_Union" title="All Ceylon Malay Political Union">All Ceylon Malay Political Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Democratic_Workers_Congress" title="Aziz Democratic Workers Congress">Aziz Democratic Workers Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_Samasamaja_Party" title="Bolshevik Samasamaja Party">Bolshevik Samasamaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Republican_Party" title="Buddhist Republican Party">Buddhist Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Labour_Party" title="Ceylon Labour Party">Ceylon Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_National_Congress" title="Ceylon National Congress">Ceylon National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathika_Vimukthi_Peramuna" title="Jathika Vimukthi Peramuna">Jathika Vimukthi Peramuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanka Democratic Party">Lanka Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Mahajana_Sabha" title="Lanka Mahajana Sabha">Lanka Mahajana Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party_(Revolutionary)" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary)">Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Front_of_Liberation_Tigers" title="People's Front of Liberation Tigers">People's Front of Liberation Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Maha_Sabha" title="Sinhala Maha Sabha">Sinhala Maha Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Sri Lanka Freedom Socialist Party">Sri Lanka Freedom Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Sri Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Sri Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Lanka_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="United Lanka Congress">United Lanka Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viplavakari_Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former political alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party" title="Sri Lanka Freedom Party">SLFP</a>-led alliances <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahajana_Eksath_Peramuna_(1956)" title="Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (1956)">Mahajana Eksath Peramuna</a> (1956–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_(Sri_Lanka)" title="United Front (Sri Lanka)">United Front</a> (1968–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alliance_(Sri_Lanka)" title="People's Alliance (Sri Lanka)">People's Alliance</a> (1994–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Freedom_Alliance" title="United People's Freedom Alliance">United People's Freedom Alliance</a> (2004–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Opposition_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Joint Opposition (Sri Lanka)">Joint Opposition</a> (2015–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_People%27s_Alliance" title="Freedom People's Alliance">Freedom People's Alliance</a> (2023–2024)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">UNP</a>-led alliances <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_National_Front_(Sri_Lanka)" title="United National Front (Sri Lanka)">United National Front</a> (2001–2020)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Alliance_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Democratic National Alliance (Sri Lanka)">Democratic National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Liberation_Front" title="Left Liberation Front">Left Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alliance_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Socialist Alliance (Sri Lanka)">Socialist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_National_Alliance" title="Tamil National Alliance">Tamil National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_National_Liberation_Alliance" title="Tamil National Liberation Alliance">Tamil National Liberation Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Politics of Sri Lanka">Politics of Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sri_Lankan_civil_war_(1983–2009)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" title="Template:Sri Lankan Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Sri Lankan Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sri Lankan Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sri_Lankan_civil_war_(1983–2009)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war</a> (1983–2009)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Origins of the Sri Lankan civil war">Origins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_nationalism" title="Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism">Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Only_Act" title="Sinhala Only Act">Sinhala Only Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1956 anti-Tamil pogrom">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1958 anti-Tamil pogrom">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaddukoddai_Resolution" title="Vaddukoddai Resolution">Vaddukoddai Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1977 anti-Tamil pogrom">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1981 anti-Tamil pogrom">1981</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Jaffna_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning of Jaffna Library">Burning of Jaffna Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_July" title="Black July">Black July</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Sri Lanka"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Army" title="Sri Lanka Army">Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Reconnaissance_Patrol_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol (Sri Lanka)">LRRP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Navy" title="Sri Lanka Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Air_Force" title="Sri Lanka Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lanka Police Service">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Task_Force_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Special Task Force (Sri Lanka)">Special Task Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Civil_Security_Force" title="Sri Lanka Civil Security Force">Home Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_on_civilians_attributed_to_Sri_Lankan_government_forces" title="List of attacks on civilians attributed to Sri Lankan government forces">Attacks on civilians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_assassinated_by_Sri_Lankan_government_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people assassinated by Sri Lankan government forces">Assassinations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/23px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/35px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/45px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">LTTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Divisions of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tigers" title="Air Tigers">Air Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Tigers" title="Sea Tigers">Sea Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Tigers" title="Black Tigers">Black Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE">Attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_1970s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 1970s">in the 1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_1980s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_1990s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_2000s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_assassinated_by_the_Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="List of people assassinated by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombings_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Suicide bombings in Sri Lanka">Suicide bombings</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_militant_groups" title="Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups">Other militants</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_Tamil_militant_groups" title="List of Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups">list</a>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_National_Democratic_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front">ENDLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_National_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam National Liberation Front">ENLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Revolutionary_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front">EPRLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_Revolutionary_Organisation_of_Students" title="Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students">EROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Organisation_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam">PLOTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam_Liberation_Organization" title="Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization">TELO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Paramilitary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Democratic_Party" title="Eelam People's Democratic Party">EPDP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TMVP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_I" title="Eelam War I">Eelam War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan civil war">Indian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_II" title="Eelam War II">Eelam War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_III" title="Eelam War III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_IV" title="Eelam War IV">IV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Theatre_of_Eelam_War_IV" title="Eastern Theatre of Eelam War IV">Eastern</a> / <a href="/wiki/Northern_Theatre_of_Eelam_War_IV" title="Northern Theatre of Eelam War IV">Northern theatres</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="List of military operations of the Sri Lankan civil war">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kokkilai_offensive" title="Kokkilai offensive">Kokkilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadamarachchi_Operation" title="Vadamarachchi Operation">Vadamarachchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Poomalai" title="Operation Poomalai">Poomalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pawan" title="Operation Pawan">Pawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffna_University_Helidrop" title="Jaffna University Helidrop">Jaffna University Helidrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Balavegaya" title="Operation Balavegaya">Balavegaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Elephant_Pass" title="First Battle of Elephant Pass">1st Elephant Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pooneryn" title="Battle of Pooneryn">Pooneryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Riviresa" title="Operation Riviresa">Riviresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mullaitivu_(1996)" title="Battle of Mullaitivu (1996)">1st Mullaitivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Weli_Oya_(1995)" title="Battle of Weli Oya (1995)">Weli Oya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sath_Jaya" title="Operation Sath Jaya">Sath Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Vavunathivu_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 Vavunathivu Offensive">Vavunathivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jayasikurui" title="Operation Jayasikurui">Jayasikurui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thandikulam%E2%80%93Omanthai_offensive" title="Thandikulam–Omanthai offensive">Thandikulam–Omanthai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Battle_of_Kilinochchi" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Battle of Kilinochchi">1st Kilinochchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oddusuddan_offensive_(1999)" title="Oddusuddan offensive (1999)">Oddusuddan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_A-9_highway" title="Battle for the A-9 highway">A-9 highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Elephant_Pass" title="Second Battle of Elephant Pass">2nd Elephant Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandaranaike_Airport_attack" title="Bandaranaike Airport attack">Bandaranaike Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Point_Pedro_(2006)" title="Battle of Point Pedro (2006)">Point Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffna_(2006)" title="Battle of Jaffna (2006)">Jaffna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thoppigala" title="Battle of Thoppigala">Thoppigala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vidattaltivu" title="Battle of Vidattaltivu">Vidattaltivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Battle_of_Kilinochchi" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2009 Battle of Kilinochchi">2nd Kilinochchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mullaitivu_(2009)" title="Battle of Mullaitivu (2009)">2nd Mullaitivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Puthukkudiyirippu" title="Battle of Puthukkudiyirippu">Puthukkudiyirippu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Lanka_Flight_512" title="Air Lanka Flight 512">Air Lanka Flight 512</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Sri_Lanka_Accord" title="Indo-Sri Lanka Accord">Indo-Sri Lanka Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Muslims_from_the_Northern_province_by_LTTE" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of Muslims from the Northern province by LTTE">Expulsions from Northern province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Lalith_Athulathmudali" title="Assassination of Lalith Athulathmudali">Assassination of Lalith Athulathmudali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi">Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ranasinghe_Premadasa" title="Assassination of Ranasinghe Premadasa">Assassination of Ranasinghe Premadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Temple_of_the_Tooth_attack" title="1998 Temple of the Tooth attack">Temple of the Tooth attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionair_Flight_602" title="Lionair Flight 602">Lionair Flight 602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandaranaike_Airport_attack" title="Bandaranaike Airport attack">Bandaranaike Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_non-resident_Tamils_from_Colombo" title="Expulsion of non-resident Tamils from Colombo">Expulsions from Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_suicide_air_raid_on_Colombo" title="2009 suicide air raid on Colombo">2009 suicide air raid on Colombo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sri Lanka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Army_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Commander of the Army (Sri Lanka)">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tissa_Weeratunga" title="Tissa Weeratunga">Tissa Weeratunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalin_Seneviratne" title="Nalin Seneviratne">Nalin Seneviratne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Wanasinghe" title="Hamilton Wanasinghe">Hamilton Wanasinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Waidyaratne" title="Cecil Waidyaratne">Cecil Waidyaratne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._H._De_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="G. H. De Silva">G. H. De Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan_Daluwatte" title="Rohan Daluwatte">Rohan Daluwatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srilal_Weerasooriya" title="Srilal Weerasooriya">Srilal Weerasooriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._P._Balagalle" class="mw-redirect" title="L. P. Balagalle">L. P. Balagalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantha_Kottegoda" title="Shantha Kottegoda">Shantha Kottegoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarath_Fonseka" title="Sarath Fonseka">Sarath Fonseka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Navy_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Commander of the Navy (Sri Lanka)">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asoka_de_Silva_(Admiral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asoka de Silva (Admiral)">Asoka de Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._A._Silva" title="H. A. Silva">H. A. Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clancy_Fernando" title="Clancy Fernando">Clancy Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._M._R._Samarasekara" title="D. A. M. R. Samarasekara">D. A. M. R. Samarasekara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._C._A._C._Thisera" title="H. C. A. C. Thisera">H. C. A. C. Thisera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_Sandagiri" title="Daya Sandagiri">Daya Sandagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasantha_Karannagoda" title="Wasantha Karannagoda">Wasantha Karannagoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Air_Force_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Commander of the Air Force (Sri Lanka)">Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Perera" title="Dick Perera">Dick Perera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andibuduge_Fernando" class="mw-redirect" title="Andibuduge Fernando">Andibuduge Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makalandage_Gunawardena" class="mw-redirect" title="Makalandage Gunawardena">Makalandage Gunawardena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ranasinghe" title="Oliver Ranasinghe">Oliver Ranasinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayalath_Weerakkody" title="Jayalath Weerakkody">Jayalath Weerakkody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Perera" title="Donald Perera">Donald Perera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshan_Goonetileke" title="Roshan Goonetileke">Roshan Goonetileke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Jayewardene" title="J. R. Jayewardene">J. R. Jayewardene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranasinghe_Premadasa" title="Ranasinghe Premadasa">Ranasinghe Premadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingiri_Banda_Wijetunga" title="Dingiri Banda Wijetunga">Dingiri Banda Wijetunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrika_Kumaratunga" title="Chandrika Kumaratunga">Chandrika Kumaratunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LTTE</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_LTTE" title="List of commanders of the LTTE">Militant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Velupillai_Prabhakaran" title="Velupillai Prabhakaran">Velupillai Prabhakaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottu_Amman_(Tamil_militant)" title="Pottu Amman (Tamil militant)">Pottu Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thillaiyampalam_Sivanesan" class="mw-redirect" title="Thillaiyampalam Sivanesan">Soosai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayagamoorthy_Muralitharan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinayagamoorthy Muralitharan">Karuna Amman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selvarasa_Pathmanathan" title="Selvarasa Pathmanathan">Selvarasa Pathmanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Balasingham" title="Anton Balasingham">Anton Balasingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Thamilselvan" title="S. P. Thamilselvan">S. P. Thamilselvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harkirat_Singh_(general)" title="Harkirat Singh (general)">Harkirat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_K._Mehta" title="Ashok K. Mehta">Ashok K. Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulwant_Singh_(general)" title="Kulwant Singh (general)">Kulwant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depinder_Singh" title="Depinder Singh">Depinder Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalvir_Singh" title="Dalvir Singh">Dalvir Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaswamy_Sundarji" title="Krishnaswamy Sundarji">Krishnaswamy Sundarji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotindra_Nath_Dixit" title="Jyotindra Nath Dixit">Jyotindra Nath Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Jayalalithaa" title="J. Jayalalithaa">J. Jayalalithaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Karunanidhi" title="M. Karunanidhi">M. Karunanidhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiko" title="Vaiko">Vaiko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_genocide" title="Tamil genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_Tamil_genocide" title="List of films about the Tamil genocide">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Northern_Province_Council_resolution_on_genocide_of_Tamils" title="2015 Northern Province Council resolution on genocide of Tamils">NPC resolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lessons_Learnt_and_Reconciliation_Commission" title="Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission">LLRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_end_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Reactions to the end of the Sri Lankan civil war">Reactions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Protests against the Sri Lankan civil war">Protests</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Remembrance Day (Sri Lanka)">Remembrance Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Report_of_the_Secretary-General%27s_Panel_of_Experts_on_Accountability_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Report of the Secretary-General's Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka">UN Panel on Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_final_stages_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan civil war">War crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_chemical_weapons_use_in_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of chemical weapons use in the Sri Lankan civil war">Chemical weapons</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Sri Lankan civil war">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan civil war">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of massacres in Sri Lanka">Massacres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_use_of_children_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Militant use of children in Sri Lanka">Child soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Enforced disappearances in Sri Lanka">Disappearances</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_on_Missing_Persons" title="Office on Missing Persons">Office on Missing Persons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Human rights in Sri Lanka">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war_in_popular_culture" title="Sri Lankan civil war in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Terrorism in Sri Lanka">Terrorism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_(non-state)_terrorist_incidents_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of (non-state) terrorist incidents in Sri Lanka">Non-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_and_state_terrorism" title="Sri Lanka and state terrorism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act (Sri Lanka)">PTA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_against_Tamils_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Sexual violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka">Sixth Amendment</a></li> <li><a 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